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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (783)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (275)
  • 1975-1979  (508)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1980  (275)
  • 1979  (256)
  • 1977  (252)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (275)
  • 1975-1979  (508)
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  • 1
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    Wind estimates from cloud motions: Result of an in situ aircraft verification experiment (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2009-11-16
    Beschreibung: A world wide system of 5 geostationary satellites is being established with a primary objective: the estimation of winds from cloud motions. A series of aircraft experiments were carried out to perform an in situ verification of the satellite cloud winds, under undisturbed to moderately disturbed oceanic weather regimes.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 235-239
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  • 2
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    Application of a snowmelt-runoff model using LANDSAT data (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-26
    Beschreibung: The snowmelt-runoff model developed for two small central European watersheds simulate daily streamflow on the 228 sq km Dinwoody Creek basin in Wyoming, using snowcover extent for LANDSAT and conventionally measured temperature and precipitation. For the six-month snowmelt seasons of 1976 and 1974, the simulated seasonal runoff volumes were within 5 and 1%, respectively, of the measured runoff. Also the daily fluctuations of discharge were simulated to a high degree by the model. Thus far the limiting basin size for applying the model has not been reached, and improvements can be expected if the hydrometeorological data can be obtained from a station inside the basin. LANDSAT provides an efficient way to obtain the critical snowcover input parameter required by the model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci., Collected Reprints 1978 - 1979, Vol. 2; p 745-760
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  • 3
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    The utilization of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snowpack properties (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-26
    Beschreibung: Snow accumulation and depletion at specific locations can be monitored from space by observing related variations in microwave brightness temperatures. Using vertically and horizontally polarized brightness temperatures from the Nimbus 6 electrically scanning microwave radiometer, a discriminant function can be used to separate snow from no snow areas and map snowcovered area on a continental basis. For dry snow conditions on the Canadian high plains, significant relationships between snow depth or water equivalent and microwave brightness temperature were developed which could permit remote determination of these snow properties after acquisition of a wider range of data. The presence of melt water in the snowpack causes a marked increase in brightness temperature which can be used to predict snowpack priming and timing of runoff. As the resolutions of satellite microwave sensors improve the application of these results to snow hydrology problems should increase.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci., Collected Reprints 1978 - 1979, Vol. 2; p 745-760
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  • 4
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    Seasonal and daily snowmelt runoff estimates utilizing satellite data (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-04-26
    Beschreibung: Methods using snowcovered area to update seasonal forecasts as snowmelt progresses are also being used in quasi-operational situations. The input of snowcovered area to snowmelt models for short term perdictions was attempted in two ways; namely, the modification of existing hydrologic models and/or the use of models that were specifically designed to use snowcovered area. A daily snowmelt runoff model was used with LANDSAT data to simulate discharge on remote basins in the Wind River Mountains of Wyoming. Daily predicted and actual flows compare closely, and, summarized over the entire snowmelt season (April 1 - September 30), the average difference is only three percent. The model and snowcovered area data are currently being tested on additional watersheds to determine the method's transferability.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci. Collected Reprints 1978 - 1979, Vol. 2; p 742
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  • 5
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    The program of the Techniques Development Laboratory in aviation weather forecasting (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Some operational and experimental products developed for aviation weather forecasting are briefly described. Experimental products include surface dew point, obstructions to vision, boundary layer model, computer-worded terminal forecasts, terminal alerting procedure, generalized equivalent Markov, and radar forecasts (0-2 hours).
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 209-212
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  • 6
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    Doctor Fujita's microburst analysis at Chicago (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Doppler radar measurements of an intense wind shear occurance are discussed. The data suggest the presence of an incredibly strong low level jet outflow component of the microburst event, reaching 60 knots only 50 meters above the surface. Evidence also suggests that microbursts more typically occur in very weak thunderstorms that have hardly reached thunderstorm stage.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 201-202
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  • 7
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    The microburst: Common factor in recent aircraft accidents (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The phenomenology of one class of strong thunderstorm downdrafts, microbursts, is described. Several aircraft accidents are analyzed in which a microburst was involved and a concept for an early warning wind shear sensor is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 186-200
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  • 8
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    Clear air turbulence forecasting techniques (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A method to improve clear air turbulence (CAT) forecasting by more effectively using the currently operational rawinsonde (RW) system is discussed. The method is called the Diagnostic Richardson Number Tendency (DRT) technique. The technique does not attempt to use the RW as a direct detector of the turbulent motion or even of the CAT mechanism structure but rather senses the synoptic scale centers of action which provide the energy to the CAT mechanism at the mesoscale level. The DRT algorithm is deterministic rather than statistical in nature, using the hydrodynamic equations (equations of motion) relevant to the synoptic scale. However, interpretation, by necessity, is probabilistic. What is most important with respect to its operational implementation is that this method uses the same input data as currently used by the operational National Meteorological Center prognostic models.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 203-208
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  • 9
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    The 1979 clear air turbulence flight test program (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A clear air turbulence (CAT) flight test to evaluate and test four different sensors in the detection and measuring of CAT and other meteorological targets that relate to turbulence is discussed. The primary types of CAT investigated were mountain wave CAT, jetstream CAT, CAT in cirrus clouds, and CAT in frontal wind shears, troughs, and ridges. The sensors included the CO2 pulsed Doppler lidar and three radiometers. One of the radiometers, at a frequency of 55.5 GHz, looked at atmospheric temperature structure. Another, at a frequency of 180.1 GHz, looked at atmospheric water vapor and investigated the feasibility of measuring at the microwave frequency the turbulence features seen in the infrared (IR) frequencies. An IR radiometer at 27 to 33 microns was the fourth sensor. This last device and the temperature structure radiometer worked well at all flight levels.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 171-179
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  • 10
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    Very short range forecasts of visibility and ceiling (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The development of methods for the short range forecasting of visibility and ceiling conditions is discussed. Short range forecasts of one hour or less (5 or 30 minutes), immediately after a series of local observations can be expected to be more accurate and reliable than any forecast of more than one hour. These forecasts can be accomplished by the operational implementation of fully automated aviation observation systems and the utilization of statistical techniques such as the Generalized Equivalent Markov model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 180-185
    Format: text
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  • 11
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    Measuring weather for aviation safety in the 1980's (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Requirements for an improved aviation weather system are defined and specifically include the need for (1) weather observations at all airports with instrument approaches, (2) more accurate and timely radar detection of weather elements hazardous to aviation, and (3) better methods of timely distribution of both pilot reports and ground weather data. The development of the discrete address beacon system data link, Doppler weather radar network, and various information processing techniques are described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 162-167
    Format: text
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  • 12
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    Observing lightning from ground-based and airborne stations (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The operational designs and performance capabilities of ground-based and airborne lightning detection systems are reviewed. The airborne Stormscope system is described and compared with onboard radar and the lightning detection and ranging system (LDAR). Two examples of difference-in-time-of-arrival systems for detecting spherics from discharges in electrified clouds are described: (1) The LDAR system and (2) Taylor's lightning mapping system. Next, an interferometric system adapted to lightning location is discussed. Finally, systems that are based upon crossed-loop magnetic direction finding principles but which have been refined and improved to accurately locate lightning discharges to ground are reviewed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 130-139
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  • 13
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    Aeronautical concerns and National Aeronautics and Space Administration atmospheric electricity projects (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The phenomenology of lightning and lightning measurement techniques are briefly examined with a particular reference to aeronautics. Developments made in airborne and satellite detection methods are reported. NASA research efforts are outlined which cover topics including in-situ measurements, design factors and protection, remote optical and radio frequency measurements, and space vehicle design.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc.: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 140-160
    Format: text
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  • 14
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    Remote probing of wind and wind shears (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The ability of various types of remote probes to measure wind is discussed. Two important advantages over in-situ sensors are reported: (1) their ability to measure atmospheric parameters without disturbing the air flow; (2) their ability to scan through large volumes of the atmosphere with relative ease. Direct measurement sensors such as anemometers and wind vanes are categorized into two groups; active and passive. Acoustic radar, microwave radar, and lidar are included in the first group and the latter group is typified by the infrared radiometers.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 109-124
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  • 15
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    Winds and wind shear in-situ sensors (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The problem of development of instrumentation for providing wind speed and direction information directly or indirectly to a pilot in the cockpit is considered. The pilots need for horizontal wind information at various stages of flight (i.e., at liftoff, in approach and departure corridors, and even in flight outside the terminal area) are emphasized.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 82-108
    Format: text
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  • 16
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    Clear air turbulence: Historical comments (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The basic reference material for gust design criteria are cited. The status of clear air turbulence meteorology (forecasting and detection) is discussed. The directions of further research technology is indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meterol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 71-81
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  • 17
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    Aircraft icing instrumentation: Unfilled needs (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A list of icing instrumentation requirements are presented. Because of the Army's helicopter orientation, many of the suggestions are specific to rotary wing aircraft; however, some of the instrumentation are also suitable for general aviation aircraft.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 61-65
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  • 18
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    Icing instrumentation (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The types and usage categories of icing instrumentation are discussed. The state-of-the-art for the technology governing the use of icing instrumentation is reported with particular emphasis on ground based facilities for icing tests.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 49-60
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  • 19
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    Turbulence: From a pilot's viewpoint (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The measurement of atmospheric turbulence is discussed in terms of a pilots viewpoint. Two areas of measurement are considered: frequency and severity of turbulence. Suggestions are given for helping the pilot solve the turbulence problem.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 66-70
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  • 20
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    Federal Aviation Administration and National Weather Service Aviation Research and Development (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: An overview is given of the developmental status of aviation weather services. Particular attention is given to justifying the need for better, more reliable service. The accomplishments of several automatic weather stations are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 45-48
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  • 21
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    Aviation meteorology research and development: A status report (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The dynamic and rapid growth of technology in the area of aviation meteorology research and development are described with emphasis on the measurement of hazardous weather phenomena. Aspects of both onboard instrumentation and ground based facilities are evaluated in terms of their effectiveness of in avoiding hazards due to atmospheric electricity and lightning. Methods of alleviating terminal are hazards such as fog, low visibility and ceilings are also described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 40-44
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  • 22
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    Survey of Workshops on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Various aspects of aviation meteorology are discussed with respect to their relative effects on aircraft terminal operations. Existing data on turbulence and wind shear from aircraft and towers are summarized. The significance of obtaining more real time wind and temperature information is emphasized. The application and testing of various radiometer devices are also described. Airborne methods to indicate wind differences at flight altitude and at touchdown are reported.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Proc: Fourth Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 23-39
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  • 23
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    First Scientific Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Measurement Program, appendix J (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Three projects are suggested which could be done using the Doppler lidar. The first is a cooperative effort at BAO, the purpose of which is to check out instrumentation and contribute to boundary layer investigations at BAO. The second concerns unintended weather modification. Its purpose is to detect mechanisms by which regions of industry and urbanization modify weather. The cirrus cloud study proposes to characterize cirrus clouds by their lidar signal and to compare lidar and visually observed characteristics.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 5 p
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  • 24
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    Report of secondary flows, boundary layers, turbulence and wave team, report 1 (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: General criteria for a flight test option are that: (1) there be a good opportunity for comparison with other measurement techniques; (2) the flow to be measured is of considerable scientific or practical interest; and (3) the airborne laser Doppler system is well suited to measure the required quantities. The requirement for comparison, i.e., ground truth, is particularly important because this is the first year of operation for the system. It is necessary to demonstrate that the system does actually measure the winds and compare the results with other methods to provide a check on the system error analysis. The uniqueness of the laser Doppler system precludes any direct comparison, but point measurements from tower mounted wind sensors and two dimensional fields obtained from radars with substantially different sampling volumes are quite useful.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 8 p
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  • 25
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    Cooperative convective precipitation experiment (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The experiment strives to improve understanding of the physics of convective precipitation. Major emphasis is placed on obtaining a good description of the whole convective precipitation system. A framework is presented within which single, significant, tractable problems are investigated.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 25 p
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  • 26
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    Severe storms measurement system real time data processing and displays (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The objectives of the system are to provide the system operator with real time system performance check and to provide data recording of all SSMS data. Meteorologists are provided with real time indication of meteorological data measurements including aid for directing flight profiles in real time and aid for directing SSMS operations. A day-to-day feedback is provided to meteorologists, system operators, and flight crews for flight planning on subsequent flight tests days.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 15 p
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  • 27
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    First Scientific Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Measurement Program, appendix C (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The problem is to operate on two scalar fields to produce a vector field, to produce user products from the vector field, and to establish reliability of results. Data problems encountered include sparse measurements, irregular distribution, varying quality, imperfect orthogonality, aliasing due to sampling volume, and measurements not simultaneous. Desired algorithm characteristics, solution elements, and characteristics of the model are listed. The seven simulation elements, eight algorithm steps and the required user inputs are given.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 8 p
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  • 28
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    Report of convective phenomena team (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A group meeting was assembled to focus on the planning of specific experiments, to establish some priorities, identify interested scientists who would like to participate, establish any special requirements, make recommendations on data processing, and to prepare flight plan outlines. Since the number of convective storms in the CCOPE (Cooperative Convective Precipitation Experiment) field experiment area are limited to only a few days during the operational time period the flight plans must be designed with a hierarchy of abort experiments so that the easily identified and lowest probability events should take priority until their quota is filled.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: First Sci. Working Group Meeting of Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas. Program; 10 p
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  • 29
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    The MSFC Doppler lidar system, appendix B (1980)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The development of pulsed and continuous wave Doppler lidars for atmospheric measurement is discussed. A description of how the lidar systems operate is presented. The scanning mode is also described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 40-42
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  • 30
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    Possible applications of MSFC Doppler lidar system, appendix C (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: An interpretation of the Doppler lidar return is presented. Possible applications of the system to severe storm research are discussed. The present project schedule of the Doppler lidar system is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 43-46
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  • 31
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    Wind field measurement in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding storms by an airborne pulsed Doppler lidar system, appendix A (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Coherent Doppler lidar appears to hold great promise in contributing to the basic store of knowledge concerning flow field characteristics in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding severe storms. The Doppler lidar, through its ability to measure clear air returns, augments the conventional Doppler radar system, which is most useful in the precipitous regions of the storm. A brief description of the Doppler lidar severe storm measurement system is provided along with the technique to be used in performing the flow field measurements. The application of the lidar is addressed, and the planned measurement program is outlined.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 31-39
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    Application of the Doppler lidar system to agricultural burning and air-sea interactions (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The Doppler lidar system is potentially a very powerful measurement system. Three areas concerning the system are discussed: (1) error analysis of the system to verify the results; (2) application of the system to agricultural burning in California central valley; and (3) oceanographic possibilities of the system.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 25
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    Measurement of phenomena associated with water clouds using Doppler lidar (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Doppler lidar measurements of phenomena associated with water clouds (such as aerosols) are discussed. The purpose of the measurements and details of executing the experiment are described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 20-24
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  • 34
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    Potential uses of the airborne Doppler lidar wind velocity measurement system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Four aspects of the Doppler lidar are discussed: (1) error analysis of the system; (2) design of the first field program; (3) potential areas of application; and (4) verification of Doppler lidar data by independent measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 16-17
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  • 35
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    Potential scientific research which will benefit from an airborne Doppler lidar measurement system (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Areas of research which can be significantly aided by the Doppler lidar airborne system are described. The need for systematic development of the airborne Doppler lidar is discussed. The technology development associated with the systematic development of the system will have direct application to satellite systems for which the lidar also promises to be an effective instrument for atmospheric research.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 13-15
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  • 36
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    Potential applications of the Doppler lidar measurements (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The potential application of the Doppler lidar measurements to the determination of material (e.g., water vapor) and energy budgets, momentum transports, etc., in the environment at all stages and in the development of convective clouds are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 18-19
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  • 37
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    Airborne Doppler lidar wind measuring system: Application to atmospheric problems (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The ability to map velocities over a large area on one side of the aircraft flight path offers a number of opportunities to elucidate scientific questions related to atmospheric dynamics. Several types of experiments which are possible are described.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Exploratory Meeting on Airborne Doppler Lidar Wind Velocity Meas.; p 11-12
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    A summary of monthly mean simulation experiments with the GISS model (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The statistical results of 8 monthly mean simulation experiments with the GISS general circulation model are summarized for the Northern Hemisphere in terms of the fields of sea-level pressure, 500-mb. height, and 850-mb. temperature.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 323-327
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  • 39
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    Sampling analysis for the earth radiation budget satellite system mission (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A study was conducted to identify problems related to sampling the Earth's radiant energy budget and to define a satellite system with sufficient sampling to satisfy science requirements on global, zonal, and regional scales.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 153-157
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  • 40
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    A simple algorithm for inferring the vertical ozone profile from satellite measurements (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A general methodology for establishing and testing remote sensing inversion procedures has yielded a simple procedure for inverting BUV radiances.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 129-133
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  • 41
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    A statistical method for time-continuous assimilation of remote sounding temperatures (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A time-continuous statistical method is presented for the four-dimensional assimilation of remote sounding temperatures based on radiometric measurements from polar-orbiting satellites. This method is applied to DST-6 data from the NOAA-4 and Nimbus-6 satellites. Experiments are reported in which the state of the atmosphere throughout the test period was determined using a varying amount of satellite data and in which different methods were used for their assimilation. Data from the NOAA-4 satellite only, from Nimbus-6 only, and from both satellites together were used; the methods tested include different variations of the statistical method as well as more traditional methods. The conclusions are that: (1) satellite-derived temperature data can have a modest, but statistically significant positive impact on numerical weather prediction in the two-to-three day range; (2) this impact is highly sensitive to the quantity of data available; and (3) the assimilation method plays a major role in the magnitude of the impact for the same data.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 93-103
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  • 42
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    Profiling of atmospheric water vapor with microwave radiometry (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Weighting functions were developed which express the water vapor information content of microwave radiometric measurements. Retrievals of water vapor profiles are performed using these weighting functions.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 81-85
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  • 43
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    The evaluation by numerical simulation of the design for a Microwave Pressure Sounder (MPS) (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The potential accuracy of an active multifrequency millimeter-wave technique for the remote measurement of atmospheric pressure at the Earth's surface was investigated by numerical simulation.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 71-75
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  • 44
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    Cloud temperatures and prediction of hurricane intensity (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Equivalent black body temperatures of clouds around tropical cyclones are used in a statistical technique to forecast changes in maximum winds for 24 hours in advance.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 41-45
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  • 45
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    A real-time subsynoptic, meso, and microscale severe storm forecast system (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A system of differential equations is integrated numerically in space and time over several different matrices in an effort to simulate the atmospheric wave structures which organize severe local storms. Preliminary results with case studies indicate that dynamical fields produced by the numerical simulations can be translated into very fine scale space and time zones where severe storm forecast indices can be developed. These fine scale indices are now available in real-time when run on Langley's STAR 100 computer system.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 29-33
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  • 46
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    Detection of severe storms through a tropospheric-ionospheric coupling mechanism (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Acoustic-gravity waves were detected by a ground-based ionospheric sounding array, and the location of the wave generation source was determined by a reverse group ray path computation. Computed sources of these waves were located near locations where tornadoes touched down from 2 to 4 hours later. It is suggested that the overshooting and ensuing collapse of convective turrets may be responsible for generating the acoustic-gravity waves observed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 11-15
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  • 47
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    Three dimensional cloud top changes related to thunderstorm severity (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Digital infrared data from a geostationary satellite are used to study thunderstorm top growth rates and other parameters in relation to the occurrence of severe weather on the ground. Both the rate of upward growth of the thunderstorm top and the maximum height reached are shown to be useful parameters in the detection of severe thunderstorms.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 7-10
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  • 48
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    Climatological features revealed by ESMR derived oceanic rainfall maps (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Several new climatological patterns become apparent from the analysis of satellite-derived global oceanic rainfall maps. Five interesting features are briefly discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 135-139
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  • 49
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    The effect of sea ice extent on the climatology of the Giss general circulation model (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Two model simulations were calculated with the GISS general circulation model corresponding to hypothetical maximum and minimum January sea ice conditions in the north and south polar regions. Results indicate that there were large differences in the Northern Hemisphere circulation between maximum and minimum ice conditions in zonally averaged temperature, vertically averaged eddy sensible heat flux, and mean 500 mb geopotential height. The calculated differences are found to be greater than the inherent variability of the model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 105-109
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  • 50
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    Operation Aurorozone: An experiment in sun/weather (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Operation Aurorozone was a highly coordinated sequence of 33 rocket flights launched from Poker Flat, Alaska, in September 1976. The effects of aurorally produced X-rays on stratospheric neutral and electrical parameters was studied. The sun/weather coupling between upper and lower regions of the atmosphere is thought to be related to these middle atmospheric parameters. The results show a consistent depletion of ozone above 1 mb during three independent auroral events, with magnitudes in excess of those expected from the measured energy radiation sources. Simultaneously, enhanced conductivity changes were observed to occur in accord with the measured ionizing radiations.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 121-125
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  • 51
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    Design and testing of a new planetary boundary layer parameterization (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A new planetary boundary layer parameterization was developed. Tests included forecasting experiments.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 117-120
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  • 52
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    Numerical simulation of flow near steep mountains with a potential enstrophy conserving scheme for the shallow water equations (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Numerical experiments show that use of a potential enstrophy conserving scheme drastically improves numerical simulation of flow near steep mountains.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 111-115
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  • 53
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    Remote sensing of the boundary layer (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Limited information about the boundary layer stratification is obtained from remote infrared spectral measurements in the water vapor window region. A global map of the average strength of the water vapor spectral lines in the 9 micron window region derived from Nimbus 4 IRIS data is presented to indicate this boundary layer information. Presence of deep convective layer in the intertropical convergence zone and trade wind inversion over the subtropical oceanic high pressure systems are appropriately revealed in this map.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 77-80
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  • 54
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    Wind speed and aerosol optical thickness estimates from aircraft observations of sea flitter (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Aircraft observed radiances were used to measure surface wind speed and aerosol thickness. Results show that the surface wind speed is related to the width of the glitter pattern.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 67-70
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  • 55
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    Objective tropical cyclone analysis and forecasting technique using conventional and Nimbus-5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer measurements (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The ADAPT empirical analysis programs, based on finding an optimal representation of the data in the Karhunen-Loeve sense, were applied to 120 observations of twenty-nine 1973 and 1974 Pacific tropical cyclones. Each observation consists of NIMBUS-5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer (ESMR) radiation measurements at 267 grid points covering and surrounding the tropical cyclone plus nine other non-satellite derived descriptors. Analysis and forecast algorithms to estimate storm motion and intensity were developed for times ranging from the observation time up to 72 hours later. The 24 hr wind speed forecasts with an accuracy of 11.7 knots and position forecasts with accuracies 15% better than persistence were demonstrated using independent tests.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 47-50
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  • 56
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    Latent heat calculations and their relationship to tropical cyclone intensity (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Data from the Nimbus-5 electrically scanning microwave radiometer (ESMR) were used to calculate total storm latent heat release (LHR) and other precipitation parameters for over 100 satellite observations of Pacific Ocean tropical cyclones. The data are useful in determining the rainfall characteristics of these storms and appear to be potentially useful in monitoring them.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 35-39
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    Severe storms and their interaction with the environment (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A brief description is given of significant research accomplishments and of planned research on atmospheric variability and the interaction of severe storms with their environment using atmospheric variability experiments data. Use of the results for the assessment of satellite capabilities are described briefly.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 23-27
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    Summary report of the Lightning and Static Electricity Committee (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Lightning protection technology as applied to aviation and identifying these technology needs are presented. The flight areas of technical needs include; (1) the need for In-Flight data on lightning electrical parameters; (2) technology base and guidelines for protection of advanced systems and structures; (3) improved laboratory test techniques; (4) analysis techniques for predicting induced effects; (5) lightning strike incident data from General Aviation; (6) lightning detection systems; (7) obtain pilot reports of lightning strikes; and (8) better training in lightning awareness. The nature of each problem, timeliness, impact of solutions, degree of effort required, and the roles of government and industry in achieving solutions are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Tenn. Univ. Space Inst. Proc. of the 2nd Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 203-214
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    The forecasting center of Meudon, France (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Main features of solar activity are described in relation to solar and geophysical forecasting. Spectroheliograms, radio and X-ray data, white light coronal observations, particles data, photospheric images, and photospheric magnetic fields are among the types of data used to identify the active centers and flares of the Sun. Forecasting and identification of geomagnetic activity is also discussed. The forecasting technique is described along with the types of users.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NOAA Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 1; p 1-11
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  • 60
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    Simulation study of a method for analyzing wide field of view radiometer measurements from satellites and some analysis of ESSA 7 data (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Method of relating wide field of view radiometer measurements from satellites to the Earth longwave flux field is simulated and is used to obtain zonal and global averages of longwave (LW) flux for ESSA 7.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 305-309
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    Comparison of the last two winter season monthly zonal cloud fractions as derived from Nimbus-6 ERB data (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Monthly zonal albedo determinations made by Nimbus-6 ERB were used to form monthly zonal cloud fractions. The Fall-Winter-Spring seasons of 1975-76 are compared with the same seasons 1976-77.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 289-293
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  • 62
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    A summary of Nimbus-6 temperature retrieval accuracy statistics for DST-5 and DST-6 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Statistics compiled from Nimbus-6 temperature retrievals processed during the 18 August-4 September 1975 DST-5, and the 1 February-4 March 1976 DST-6 are addressed. All statistics were compiled from samples of colocated satellite sounding and radiosonde measurements. The colocation window is 222 km in space and 6 hours in time.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 271-276
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    Mesoscale convergence proceding thunderstorm development determined from cloud motions (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Convergence was determined from wind vectors derived from cloudtracking on 5 minute interval SMS-2 data using the AOIPS.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 247-251
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  • 64
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    Equations for the dynamics of gust fronts and shock waves (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Equations are presented for the growth or decay rates of moving and deforming vortex sheets (gust fronts) and shock waves. The equations exhibit a cross-coupling between these two types of surface discontinuity.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 225-227
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    Stereographic cloud heights from SMS/goes imagery (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Stereographic pairs of SMS/GOES images, generated simultaneously by the spin-scan cameras of each of two geostationary satellites (SMS 1 and SMS2), separated by 32 degrees of longitude on February 1, 1975, were analyzed photogrametrically to yield cloud heights with a two-sigma uncertainty of 500 meters. These cloud heights compare favorably with heights of the same clouds measured by radar and IR methods. The same SMS image pairs were used to measure mountaintop heights with a mean deviation of 0.24 km from cartographic values.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 229-233
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    Spectral energetics and predictability studies (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: One and two-dimensional spectral analyses were performed on the GISS general circulation model. The one-dimensional results imply that low eddy kinetic energy is caused by low conversions from the zonal mean kinetic energy. The two-dimensional results confirm that low wave number spectral coefficients approach the predictability limit slower than high wave number coefficients and suggest ways of estimating the rate of approach to the predictability limit.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 329-333
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    ERBSS scanner performance in the presence of radiation directional model errors (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Simulation studies of the ERBSS scanner were performed to determine the sensitivity of the inferred flux at the top of the atmosphere to radiation directional model errors for candidate scan plane orientations.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 311-315
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    Commercial aircraft derived high resolution wind and temperature data from the tropics for FGGE: Implications for NASA (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Two programs involving over 100 commercial aircraft were initiated to provide global high resolution in-situ windfield and temperature data during the FGGE. The concepts developed for these programs could have important implications for both meteorology and aviation in the near term.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev; p 265-270
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    The data systems test-dress rehearsal for FGGE (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A series of Data Systems Tests conducted by NASA as a precursor to the First GARP Global Experiment is described. Included is a description of the global data sets acquired and the influence the tests had on the observing system, the data processing plans and research activities of the Global Experiment itself.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 259-263
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    An error analysis of tropical cyclone divergence and vorticity fields derived from satellite cloud winds on the Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System (AOIPS) (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: An advanced Man-Interactive image and data processing system (AOIPS) was developed to extract basic meteorological parameters from satellite data and to perform further analyses. The errors in the satellite derived cloud wind fields for tropical cyclones are investigated. The propagation of these errors through the AOIPS system and their effects on the analysis of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity are evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 241-245
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    General solutions for the movement of storms (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Diagnostic solutions are presented for the displacement velocity of a storm vortex and the velocity of the centroid of the storm's convection.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 219-223
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    Molecular model of ice nucleation (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Two complementary techniques, semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations and empirical central field pair potential calculations were used in developing a model of the interaction of water with simple surfaces.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 203-206
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  • 73
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    Fast but accurate techniques for calculating radiative terms in numerical atmospheric models and in remote sensing applications (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Methods were developed for calculating radiative terms with relatively high accuracy but with sufficient speed, so that they can be used in numerical atmospheric models or in high volume processing of satellite measured radiances for remote sensing of atmospheric and surface parameters. Comparison with commonly used methods in both types of applications indicate improvements in calculating transmittances of factors between two and three, and in calculating radiances and cooling rates of factors between two and seven.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 195-200
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    Mount Agung eruption provides test of a global climate perturbation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The Mt. Agung volcanic eruption in 1963 is used as a test case to examine the climatic response to a global-scale radiative perturbation of the earth's atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 165-169
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  • 75
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    On the interannual variability of the ocean atmospheric system (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Several feedback mechanisms between ocean and atmosphere are discussed, which seem to have a decisive influence on the interannual variability of the atmosphere, and on climatic fluctuations of a time scale of 10 to 50 years. Satellite requirements to monitor these feedback processes are outlined briefly.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 141-146
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  • 76
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    Nimbus 6 ERB scanner studies for development of Earth Radiation Budget Satellite System (ERBSS) (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The Nimbus 6 ERB scanner data were conducted to support the development of the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite System project. The ERB data were processed in terms of Earth targets and angular bins and used to evaluate currently available directional radiation models for the longwave and shortwave spectral ranges. Results indicate that available longwave models are adequate for the most part while available shortwave models are inadequate. An effort was initiated to develop improved shortwave models for various cloud conditions and various surface types for cloud free conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 147-151
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    Advances in the remote sensing of atmospheric temperature profiles (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Clear-column temperature profiles with a vertical resolution of 2 km in the troposphere and an accuracy of 1.5 K are obtained in the presence of multiple layers of broken clouds using narrow band-pass measurements carefully selected in the 4.18 and 15 micron regions of the CO2 bands.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 87-91
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    Advances in local area, mesoscale modeling (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A two-layer, mesoscale boundary layer model is being developed and validated against San Francisco Bay Area observational data.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 55-59
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    Remote sensing of hurricane waves (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A program was undertaken to obtain data on wind generated ocean waves in hurricanes by remote sensing techniques. The sensor, a synthetic aperture radar, has collected the first data ever on the directional wave climate throughout a hurricane. This information was found to have inconsistencies with present hurricane wave generation models.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 51-53
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    Observations of the microclimate of a lake under cold air advective conditions (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The moderating effects of Lake Apopka, Florida, on downwind surface temperatures were evaluated under cold air advective conditions. Point temperature measurements north and south of the lake and data obtained from the NOAA satellite and a thermal scanner flown at 1.6 km, indicate that, under conditions of moderate winds (approximately 4m/sec), surface temperatures directly downwind may be higher than surrounding surface temperatures by as much as 5 C. With surface wind speed less than 1m/sec, no substantial temperature effects were observed. Results of this study are being used in land use planning, lake level control and in agriculture for selecting planting sites.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 61-65
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    Mesoanalysis of record Chicago rainstorm using radar, satellite, and rain-gage data (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Comparison of cloud-top topography and rainfall rates at the surface revealed that the areas of heavy rain are located where there are depressions at the anvil top. It was also found that the Z-R relationships show a large scatter when vertical and/or horizontal air currents are strong. Results of this research led to Project NIMROD proposed to begin in May 1978.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 17-21
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  • 82
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    Dry air entrainment into convective clouds (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A systematic approach to the study of atmospheric turbulent motion is discussed in terms of weather modification. The background of cloud physics, and the mixing process are described. A zero-g study is proposed to enable the basic experimental data to be collected so that theory may be developed to generalize results for practical applications.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 1-6
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    Statistical Analysis of daily mean temperatures (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Data of daily mean temperatures recorded at the Kennedy Center during the period of 1957-1977 were analyzed to forecast daily mean temperatures and their thirty-day moving averages for a period of ten to fifteen days in a given month. Since it is found that the standard deviation is linear in the mean, a logarithmic transformation of the data is used for finding an integrated moving average process IMA by the Box-Jenkins aproach. The first differences of the transformed data seem to fit a moving average model with parameter value 2, MA(2). The consideration of seasonality factor makes the fit worse.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: The 1981 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 13 p
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    Planetary waves and Sun-weather effects (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: A brief outline about the theory of planetary waves is given and a review of space-time analysis, mainly at the 500 mbar pressure level, is presented. This analysis gives evidence that broad spectral bands of two types of waves exist within the troposphere: ultralong waves with zonal wave numbers M or approximately equal to 4 and periods tau or approximately equal to 5 days, propagating mainly to the west, and synoptic scale waves with M or approximately equal to 3 and tau or approximately equal to 10 days, propagating mainly to the east. These waves are generated by internal turbulent processes within the atmosphere and are quasi-persistent with lifetimes of several periods. It is shown that solar activity cannot generate planetary waves of significant amplitudes, and that the observed 'Sun-weather effects' can be interpreted within the framework of these internally generated planetary waves without any trigger mechanism from outside the atmosphere. It is suggested that a better knowledge of these persistent ultralong waves may help to improve long range weather forecasts.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 703-721
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    Coupling processes related to the Sun-weather problem (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Physical mechanisms for coupling the energetics of solar activity to meteorological responses are reviewed. Although several hypotheses have been advanced, none can be said to be sufficiently complete to be applied to weather or climate prediction. Solar activity indicators potentially useful for forecasting are identified, including sunspots, solar flares, and magnetic sector boundary crossings. Additional experiments, studies, and analyses are required before Sun-weather concepts can be utilized for predicting meteorological responses.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 669-688
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    Solar weather/climate predictions (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: Solar variability influences upon terrestrial weather and climate are addressed. Both the positive and negative findings are included and specific predictions, areas of further study, and recommendations listed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 655-668
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    The impact of Sun-weather research on forecasting (1979)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-16
    Beschreibung: The possible impact of Sun-weather research on forecasting is examined. The type of knowledge of the effect is evaluated to determine if it is in a form that can be used for forecasting purposes. It is concluded that the present understanding of the effect does not lend itself readily to applications for forecast purposes. The limits of present predictive skill are examined and it is found that skill is most lacking for prediction of the smallest scales of atmospheric motion. However, it is not expected that Sun-weather research will have any significant impact on forecasting the smaller scales since predictability at these scales is limited by the finite grid size resolution and the time scales of turbulent diffusion. The predictability limits for the largest scales are on the order of several weeks although presently only a one week forecast is achievable.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 689-702
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    Geophysical fluid flow model experiments in spherical geometry (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: An experimental and theoretical program was undertaken to assist in the design of geophysical fluid flow model experiments for Spacelab. Two new nonintrusive measurement techniques were developed. A theoretical calculation was carried out to guide the design of a proposed atmospheric general circulation model experiment.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 177-181
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    Cloud cover modeling (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Results from two investigations in modeling cloud cover are presented. These are a univariate model and a multivariate model for cloud cover.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 317-321
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    Deconvolution of Earth radiation budget data (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The theory of deconvolution of wide field of view Earth radiation measurements is applied to Nimbus 6 ERB data. Results with a 15 deg resolution are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 299-303
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    Electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde performance evaluation (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A large number of electrochemical concentration cell (EDD) ozonesondes were calibrated relative to ultraviolet photometric absorption (254 nm) to determine their precision and accuracy. The average agreement with UV photometry was found to be good, but with considerable variation from one ECC ozonesonde to another. Applying individual calibrations to vertical ozone profiles reduced the systematic differences between ECC ozonesonde total ozone values and Dobson spectrophotometric determinations of the same quantity, but did not improve random differences.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 295-297
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  • 92
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    Microwave radiometric measurements of sea-surface parameters (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A technique to remotely measure sea-surface temperature and salinity (for concentrations greater than 5 parts-per-thousand) with accuracies of 1 C and 1 part-per-thousand, respectively, was demonstrated with a two-frequency microwave radiometer system.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 277-281
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    High resolution tropical cyclone wind fields determined from cloud motions (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Full resolution rapid scan infrared and visible images from the VISSR sensor on board SMS-2/GEOS-1 satellite have made it possible to maximize the number of tropical cyclone upper and lower tropospheric wind vectors by a factor of 6(2) over that of the images taken at 30 minute (15 minute) intervals. These full resolution rapid scan visible images have also made it possible to derive low level winds near the center of tropical cyclones.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 253-257
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    Mechanisms of thunderstorm related to motion and severity (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A research program was conducted to better understand the relation of vertical shear of the horizontal wind in the environment and of momentum exchange to thunderstorm motion and intensity.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 213-217
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    Atmospheric Variability Experiments (AVE) and mesoscale structure (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Information is presented on accuracy and resolution of AVE data sets.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 207-211
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    Preliminary test of a coarse resolution GCM for climate application (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Preliminary steps were taken to develop a climate model adequate for seasonal and interannual simulations. Tests of the model against the observed seasonal cycle of key climate properties indicate an encouraging capability for climate applications.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 183-187
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    An investigation of surface albedo variations during the recent Sahel drought (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Applications Technology Satellite 3 data are used to measure surface albedoes in the African Sahel during the 1967 to 1974 drought.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 171-175
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    Stratospheric aerosols and climatic change (1977)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The effect of stratospheric aerosols on climate is considered using an aerosol model and a radiative convective 1-D climate model.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 159-163
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    Path- and area-integrated rainfall measurement by microwave attenuation in the 1-3 cm band (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: At a wavelength of about 0.9 cm, microwave attenuation is demonstrated to be linearly related to rainfall rate and independent of drop size distribution and temperature. In addition, practical methods for measuring path- and area-averaged rainfall rate are reviewed. A compromise between maximum path-averaged rainfall rate sensitivity and minimum sensing errors may be achieved by the use of one-way methods between the transmitter and the receiver, with a wavelength of 1.5 to 2.0 cm. Corrections for nonspherical drops and for multiple scattering are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 16; Dec. 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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    Temporal variations in atmospheric water vapor and aerosol optical depth determined by remote sensing (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: By automatically tracking the sun, a four-channel solar radiometer was used to continuously measure optical depth and atmospheric water vapor. The design of this simple autotracking solar radiometer is presented. A technique for calculating the precipitable water from the ratio of a water band to a nearby nonabsorbing band is discussed. Studies of the temporal variability of precipitable water and atmospheric optical depth at 0.610, 0.8730 and 1.04 microns are presented. There was good correlation between the optical depth measured using the autotracker and visibility determined from National Weather Service Station data. However, much more temporal structure was evident in the autotracker data than in the visibility data. Cirrus clouds caused large changes in optical depth over short time periods. They appear to be the largest deleterious atmospheric effect over agricultural areas that are remote from urban pollution sources.
    Schlagwort(e): METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 16; Dec. 197
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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