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  • 42.55  (33)
  • Springer  (33)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (33)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1978  (17)
  • 1977  (16)
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  • Springer  (33)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (33)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lasing in atomic lines of noble gases and fluorine, prior to excimer radiation, was observed in an electric discharge ArF/XeF excimer laser. Some Ar/Xe lines end at metastable levels, which are very important for the formation of ArF/XeF excimer molecules. Five new lasing lines of atomic fluorine have been obtained. Consideration is given to the use of lasing in atomic and molecular lines, that occurs in one burst, in investigations of the excitation kinetics of excimer states under the conditions of a high-pressure electric discharge.
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  • 2
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with the properties andI-V characteristics of discharges in narrow capillaries used, for example, for He−Ne waveguide lasers. It has been observed that discharges in He−Ne waveguide lasers are unstable because of the strongly falling characteristic. A theory is presented which assumes that at low currents wall charges restrict the positive column to a narrow plasma channel and are the main reason for the observed falling characteristic. A numerical evaluation for helium gives results which agree well with experimental data.
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  • 3
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract First cw laser oscillation with thresholds below 1 mW was observed for various B1Пu → X1 ∑ g + transitions of diatomic molecular sodium excited by different argon laser lines in the range of 454–488 nm. For pump powers of 0.5 W output powers up to 3 mW and single-pass gain up to 0.1 cm−1 were obtained. Some properties of the heat pipe laser system are discussed.
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  • 4
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 383-385 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract An optically pumped FIR laser was operated with a copper mesh Fabr-Perot output coupler. With this device a Gaussian output beam was obtained andthe degree of coupling could be varied continuously, thus allowing optimum coupling. From the measured properties of the wire mesches grains of two FIR laser lines are calculated and the saturation intensities estimated.
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  • 5
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new device for magnetically displacing the output mirror of a laser resonator and synchronously tilting an etalon in order to obtain single-mode tuning of a dye laser over a tuning range of at least 10 GHz is described. Comparatively large displacements with good linearity of a coil mounted on a membrane and placed inside the strong magnetic field of a ring magnet are obtained for currents in the order of several hundred milliamperes. Together with etalon flats of appropriate thickness and reflection mounted in the resonator of the laser a versatile instrument for application in intra and extra cavity spectroscopy has been developed.
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  • 6
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 393-398 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 34 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A flowing afterglow method has been used to study a number of reactions of importance in KrF lasers using NF3 as the fluorine donor. Total rate constants are reported for Kr*(3 P 2)+NF3 and Kr++NF3. The thermal energy attachment coefficient has been measured for NF3 and the cross section for the electron excitation process Kr*(3 P 2) +e→Kr*(3 P 1)+e has been estimated. The relevance of these results to discharge pumped KrF lasers is discussed.
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  • 7
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 193-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 52
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Planar and cylindrical discharges for argon lasers are compared by plasmatheoretical calculations. The maximum laser output power available in the two arrangements is computed in dependence of various parameters neglecting saturation mechanisms. A transverse discharge arrangement confining the positive column by two parallel walls is described and experimental laser threshold values for the current and pressure are reported.
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  • 8
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 255-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 42.55 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract GaAs double heterostructure semiconductor injection lasers which now exhibit more than 25000 h cw room temperature lifetime are of great interest for future use as directly modulated transmitters for high bit-rate fiber optical communications. The effects limiting this application are modulation distortions, spectral width and additional spectral broadening in the case of modulation and spontaneous fluctuations of the output power. The dynamic and spectral behavior of injection lasers, the methods of high bit-rate modulation and the improvement of the high bit-rate modulation capability by coupling two lasers are discussed.
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  • 9
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 185-190 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Electron energy loss studies of POPOP andp-terphenyl in the vapor phase at an incident electron energy of 25 eV have been performed. The spectra covering an energy loss between 0 and 9 eV revealed a considerable initial triplet population under electron impact excitation. The implications for electron-beam pumped vapor phase dye lasers are discussed.
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  • 10
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 229-232 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new type of discharge tube for high-power argon-ion lasers constructed of a segmented metal-ceramic compound system is described. Up to date, the system has been operating for 1500 h without failure. The maximum cw output is 140 W, limited by the destruction of the mirrors.
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  • 11
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 439-450 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical model for the ultrashort-pulse (USP) generation by lasers with saturable absorbers is presented. The gain medium is assumed to be a two-level system whereas the absorber is described by a four-level system which is characterized by a two-stage absorption process and the pertinent relaxation times. Laser dynamical equations are developed in the rate-equation approximation and boundary conditions appropriate for an unidirectional ring cavity are established. Evolution of USP is investigated for different combinations of parameter values appropriate for solid-state laser systems by computer simulation, employing a finite difference approximation for the dynamical equations. It is shown that USP output is attainable even if the cross-section of the excited-state absorption isgreater than that of the ground-state absorption and the laser is operating just above threshold. In fact, it is found that through the participation of a strong excited-state absorption the discrimination against satellite pulses is enhanced so that single-pulse output is more achievable. Furthermore, it is proposed that single picosecond pulses may be obtainable from relatively broad initial peaks by utilizing the high pulse-selection and pulse-shortening efficiency of the absorber due to the contribution of the excited-state absorption. The applicability of the present model to singlet-triplet crossing and photoisomer formation is also discussed.
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  • 12
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    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 297-301 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A grating-tuned cw dye laser with an emission bandwidth of less than 1 GHz and output power in excess of 400 mW has been constructed. This was accomplished using a newly developed holographic grating with sinusoidal groove profile, which resulted in an enhanced spectral efficiency up to 94%. The low losses and the broad spectral working range (more than 1000 Å) which can be easily covered by simple rotation make these gratings an attractive single-stage tuning element for low-gain cw lasers.
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  • 13
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    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We observed tunable UV radiation down to 175 nm by SRS of the output of a frequency-doubled dye laser in H2. The high power output of the 4th anti-Stokes to 5th Stokes line generated by the frequency doubled dye laser and the 8th anti-Stokes to 3rd Stokes line generated by the undoubled dye laser represents a broadly tunable coherent radiation source between 189 nm and 2064 nm.
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  • 14
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 109-110 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple technique is described that allows the generation of a short pulses (1 ns) from dye lasers pumped by a much longer (7 ns) N2-laser pulse. Dye-laser pulses, either with a narrow bandwidth or a short duration, can thus be obtained with the same N2-laser pump.
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  • 15
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 367-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report on room temperature quasi-cw laser action in K5Nd(MoO4)4 at a wavelength of 1.067 μm. The crystal was pumped with the 5140 Å line of an argon ion laser. Due to thermal effects actual cw lasing was not possible. Chopping the pump light with a low duty cycle of 1∶1000 leads to quasi-cw laser action and stable output power. We have determined the fundamental laser parameters: threshold pump powerA T=15 mW, slope efficiency η=22%, and internal lossesL=2.5%. In order to explain the measured relaxation oscillations, diffusion of the excited 4f-excitons is considered. According to a recently developed theory, a diffusion constant ofD=2×10−6cm2/s explains the observed results.
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  • 16
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 121-122 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Frequency-tunable generation by means of F 2 + and F 2 − colour centers in a LiF crystal is reported. Colour centers were created by illuminating LiF crystals with electrons of 3 meV energy at the electron current density of 1 μA/cm2. The pumping source was a ruby laser with a peak power of 20 MW, a pulse duration of 20 ns, and a repetition rate of 1 Hz. The frequency tuning is obtained in the range of 0.88–1.25 μm. Discussed are the ways of pumping of colour centers and the possibility of lasing in the spectral region of 0.85 to 2 μm in the type of colour centers under investigation.
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  • 17
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A guideline for the optimum design of linear wall-ablation lamps is presented with a simple empirical formula which describes the luminescent characteristics of lamps. The absolute luminescent efficiency of the wall-ablation lamp was measured. A high-energy dye laser with a quadruple-elliptical cylindrical cavity was constructed using these lamps, and an output energy of 23.3 J (11.6 MW) was obtained with an overall efficiency of 0.31 %. The energy-flow diagram of this laser system was computed with a rate-equation analysis, and the conversion efficiency from electrical input to laser output was determined. One can expect an overall efficiency of about 2 %.
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  • 18
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 181-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A complete theoretical model for optically pumped dye lasers is studied using the rate equation approach which includes excited singlet and triplet state absorption effects. Closed-form solutions under steady-state conditions reveal a novel nonlinear threshold phenomenon: partial reabsorption of the excited laser light can lead to a discontinuous onset of laser oscillation above laser threshold. Theoretical and experimental results for a transversely and longitudinally pumped rhodamine 6G laser are presented in terms of softmode and hardmode behavior at threshold.
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  • 19
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 107-108 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intense laser oscillation has been observed from ArF molecules at 1933 Å. Excitation of the gas mixture NF3:Ar:He=1:55:630 at total pressures above 2.1 atm was produced by a transverse electric discharge. The range of fine tuning was from 1927 Å to 1936 Å. An output energy of 0.8 mJ was measured from a laser pulse 15 ns in duration.
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  • 20
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 257-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 32.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract The effect of transversally applied magnetic fields on the polarization behavior of a single-mode gas laser is theoretically investigated, stressing the importance of the additivity of respective contributions influencing the time evolution of polarization parameters. By adding a new element to the existing theory, namely the contribution of magnetic-field-free regions in the active medium, and by considering the relatively large effects that small cavity anisotropies can cause, several apparent discrepancies between experiments and existing theory are resolved.
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  • 21
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 59-63 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Feedback controlled self-excitation of optical pulses of nanosecond duration has been observed to occur rather reliably in a CW dye ring laser, oscillating in a traveling mode. These observations are described analytically by means of a direct time domain approach. It is shown that a steady-state Gaussian pulse whose time duration determined from the self consistency condition in terms of system characteristics describes accurately the observed pulse behaviors.
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  • 22
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 1-3 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract Disappearance of NF3 and appearance of NF2 and N2F2 in an excimer laser is followed quantitatively with a mass spectrometer. A model for the kinetics is presented.
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  • 23
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    Applied physics 13 (1977), S. 55-58 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.60
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    Notes: Abstract NdxLa1−xP5O14 (0.25≦x≦1) single crystals, placed within a confocal optical resonator, were pumped with ruby laser fundamental and second-harmonic nanosecond pulses. In both cases laser oscillations at 1.05 μm exceeding in duration many times the pumping pulse were obtained.
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  • 24
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 343-350 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract By means of nonlinear absorption spectroscopy data necessary for the interpretation of molecular spectra can be obtained in such spectral regions, where conventional spectroscopic methods yield only a quasi-continuous absorption curve. Using a Zeeman-tuned He−Ne laser at the wavelength of 3.39μm we have measured significant differences in the intensity and temperature behaviour for several ethane absorption lines, the analysis of which made possible a preliminary qualitative assignment of these lines.
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  • 25
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 377-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
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    Notes: Abstract Due to spatial hole burning, standing-wave dye lasers require a large amount of selectivity inside the cavity for single-mode operation. The output power of these lasers is limited by losses caused by the frequency selecting elements. In a travelling-wave laser, on the other hand, spatial hole burning does not exist, thereby eliminating the need for high selectivity. A travelling-wave cw dye laser was realized by unidirectional operation of a ring laser, yielding single mode output powers of 1.2 W at 595 nm and of 55 mW in the UV-region with intracavity frequency doubling.
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  • 26
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    Applied physics 15 (1978), S. 265-270 
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    Keywords: 42.55
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    Notes: Abstract For a homogeneously broadened two-level ring laser model the stability of the cw laser oscillation in the presence of a passive medium is investigated. The passive material is treated similar to the active material, but without an external pumping mechanism. Stable and unstable regions are shown for various parameters. The stability region of the cw solution becomes extremly small for certain parameters.
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  • 27
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    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.60 ; 85.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic characteristics of laser diodes are numerically calculated on multi-mode rate equations, including spatial relaxing interaction causing mode competitions or jumps. It is revealed that the interaction effect is classified into three cases [“independent (or inhomogeneous)”, “competition (or intermediate)”, and “monopoly (or ideally homogeneous)”], that an optimum relaxing coefficient value exists to minimize relaxation oscillations in rise and decay transients, and that the optimum value is related to the relaxation period. Calculated results are discussed in comparison with the experimental results.
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  • 28
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    Applied physics 14 (1977), S. 199-203 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 82.50
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    Notes: Abstract Loss of gain in a dye medium as a result of decomposition by pump photons is considered in terms of disappearance of dye molecules and the appearance of a new, single chemical product having absorption in the fluorescence band. The cases of small signal gain and saturated gain are applied to a single pass through a transversely excited amplifier. Loss of output, defined as “quantum yield of laser deterioration”,Q L , is related to the true quantum yield of molecular destruction of the dye,Q M , and other known parameters. For the experimentally common, saturated gain condition, the smallestQ L can be isQ M , which requires a photochemically bleachable dye with high gain, preferably at high concentration, in a long cavity, operating at high injection and pumping fluxes. Reversing these conditions, the highest valueQ L can be, compared withQ M , is unrestricted.
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  • 29
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 303-307 
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    Notes: Abstract A new and simple technique for measuring the effective diameter of a laser beam used in material processing is described. The time for the temperature of a spot heated by the laser beam to rise to 90% of equilibrium is compared with that predicted theoretically for a Gaussian TEM00 laser beam. A Gaussian beam diameter equivalent is thus deduced. This calculated diameter is of particular relevance to applications where the laser is used as a heat source.
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  • 30
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 393-400 
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    Notes: Abstract Stimulated Raman scattering by polaritons when employing a nonlinear crystal inside the cavity of the laser with Q-switching and locked to fundamental frequency was theoretically studied. The equations were formulated describing the dynamics of the fundamental, Stokes and polariton waves under the assumption of instant Q-switching and uniformity of radiation except in the longitudinal direction. Numerical solutions of the equations were found and analysed. We demonstrate the influence, on generation characteristics, of the most important parameters, such as the effective nonlinearity, the initial level of population inversion, the feedback of the Stokes wave and the group mismatch between a Stokes and a pump wave. Optimum generation conditions are determined. Possibilities of the method are discussed for the generation of a) giant pulses which are controllable with regard to carrier frequency and duration but are unachievable with other methods, b) Stokes pulses of very small duration and high energy having sharp trailing edges, and c) analogous polariton pulses in the middle and far infrared range. The generation using a number of polariton branches in LiNbO3 was considered as an example. Calculations are in qualitative agreement with experimental data.
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  • 31
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    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 211-232 
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    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
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    Notes: Abstract Physical principles, new ways and means of creation, schemes, characteristics and features of efficient high-power tunable pulse Raman lasers, operating in the near and middle ir are reviewed. The paper includes: tunable dye and Nd lasers as pump sources; promising active media and their optimal excitation methods; optical systems for producing spatially homogeneous pumping; the physics of Raman oscillators and their practical schemes, efficient high pulse energy liquid N2 and compressed H2 Raman oscillators, covering several bands in the range between 1.4 and 9.2 μm; the physics and construction of efficient tunable Raman amplifiers-convertors, amplifying in the saturation regime of spontaneously scattered or beforehand produced and collimated external Stokes signals, obtained in the spectral range between 0.83 μm and 18 μm. Raman laser using a, so-called, broadband pump where the linewidth of pumping light is broader than the spontaneous scattering linewidth, are also discussed. Features of both amplification and oscillation regimes of such broadband pumped Raman lasers are reported, and conditions for the efficient frequency conversion are determined.
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  • 32
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    Notes: Abstract Design and operating caracteristics of high pulse repetition rate NH3 laser producing up to 20 W of average output power are described. The NH3 laser, operating in the 12–13 μm region was optically pumped with a high pulse repetition rate TEA CO2 laser. Dependences of the NH3 laser output on the pump energy, ammonia and buffer gas pressures and pulse repetition rate have been studied. The conversion efficiency of up to 16% has been received.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 35 ; 42.55 ; 42.68
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    Notes: Abstract We report the first accurate measurements of the transition strengths and linewidths of the 00o2 9.4 μm sequence lines of CO2. This sequence band is found to be very similar to the regular 00o1 laser band, except for an experimentally determined factor of 1.89±0.12 increase in transition strength (if the CO2 molecule is treated as a simple harmonic oscillator the theoretical increase in transition strength is 2.0). The laser absorption spectrometer used for these measurements can detect absorption coefficients in CO2 of ≈10−7 m−1, and we discuss the feasibility of using this sensitivity to monitor rare isotopic forms of CO2.
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