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  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (8)
  • 1976  (8)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • National Academy of Sciences
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (8)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alanine dehydrogenase of the N2-fixing blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alanine dehydrogenase ; Anabaena cylindrica ; Heterocysts ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The l-alanine dehydrogenase (ADH) of Anabaena cylindrica has been purified 700-fold. It has a molecular weight of approximately 270000, has 6 sub-units, each of molecular weight approximately 43000, and shows activity both in the aminating and deaminating directions. The enzyme is NADH/NAD+ specific and oxaloacetate can partially substitute for pyruvate. The K m app for NAD+ is 14 μM and 60 μM at low and high NAD+ concentrations, respectively. The K m app for l-alanine is 0.4 mM, that for pyruvate is 0.11 mM, and that for oxaloacetate is 3.0 mM. The K m app for NH 4 + varies from 8–133 mM depending on the pH, being lowest at high pH levels (pH 8.7 or above). Alanine, serine and glycine inhibit ADH activity in the aminating direction. The enzyme is active both in heterocysts and vegetative cells and activity is higher in nitrogen-starved cultures than in N2-fixing cultures. The data suggest that although alanine is formed by the aminating activity of ADH, entry of newly fixed ammonia into organic combination does not occur primarily via ADH in N2-fixing cultures of A. cylindrica. Ammonia assimilation via ADH may be important in cultures with an excess of available nitrogen. The deaminating activity of the enzyme may be important under conditions of nitrogen-deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446830
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoproduction of ammonium ion from N2 inRhodospirillum rubrum (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 110 (1976), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; NH 4 + excretion ; Photosynthesis ; Rhodospirillum rubrum ; Photosynthetic bacteria ; Enzymes of ammonia assimilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract NH 4 + excretion was undetectable in N2-fixing cultures ofRhodospirillum rubrum (S-1) and nitrogenase activity in these cultures was repressed by the addition of 10 mM NH 4 + to the medium. The glutamate analog,l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (MSX), derepressed N2 fixation even in the presence of 10 mM extracellular NH 4 + . When 10 mg MSX/ml was added to cultures just prior to nitrogenase induction they developed nitrogenase activity (20% of the control activities) and excreted most of their fixed N2 as NH 4 + . Nitrogenase activities and NH 4 + production from fixed N2 were increased considerably when a combined nitrogen source, NH 4 + (〉40 μmoles NH 4 + /mg cell protein in 6 days) orl-glutamate (〉60 μmoles NH 4 + /mg cell protein in 6 days) was added to the cultures together with MSX. Biochemical analysis revealed thatR. rubrum produced glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase (NADP-dependent) but no detectable NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. The specific activity of glutamine synthetase was observed to be maximal when nitrogenase activity was also maximal. Nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities were repressed by NH 4 + as well as by glutamate. The results demonstrate that utilization of solar energy to photoproduce large quantities of NH 4 + from N2 is possible with photosynthetic bacteria by interfering with their regulatory control of N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690229
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and physiological characterization of the nitrogen fixing bacterium Corynebacterium autotrophicum GZ 29 (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Aerobic hydrogen bacteria ; Oxygen sensitivity ; Efficiency ; Aerobic and anaerobic acetylene reduction ; Corynebacterium autotrophicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The coryneform hydrogen bacterium strain GZ 29, assigned to Corynebacterium autotrophicum fixed molecular nitrogen under autotrophic (H2, CO2) as well as under heterotrophic (sucrose) conditions. Physiological parameters of nitrogen fixation were measured under heterotrophic conditions. The optimal dissolved oxygen concentration for cells grown in a fermenter with N2 was rather low (0.14 mg O2/l) compared with cells grown in the presence of NH 4 + (4.45 mg O2/l). C. autotrophicum GZ 29 had a doubling time of 3.7 h at 30°C with N2 as N-source and sucrose as carbon source and at optimal pO2. Acetylene reduction reached values of 12 nmoles of ethylene produced/minxmg protein. Although the oxygen concentration in the growing culture was kept constant, the optimal dissolved oxygen tension for the acetylene reduction assay shifted to higher pO2-values. The overall efficiency of nitrogen fixation amounted to 22 mg N fixed/g sucrose consumed; it reached a maximal value of 65 mg N fixed/g sucrose consumed at the beginning of the exponential growth phase. Intact cells reduced acetylene even under anaerobic test conditions; further anaerobic metabolic activity could not be ascertained so far.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electron transport to nitrogenase in Mycobacterium flavum (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ferredoxin ; Iron-sulfur proteins ; Nitrogen fixation ; Electron transport to nitrogenase ; Flavodoxin ; Mycobacterium flavum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Two ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur proteins have been isolated from Mycobacterium flavum 301 grown under nitrogen-fixing, iron-sufficient conditions. No flavodoxin was observed. 2. These ferredoxins are apparently soluble: they were present in the supernatant fraction after disrupting by decompression. Only small amounts were present in particulate fractions. 3. The two ferredoxins were separated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex or electrophoresis. 4. Both ferredoxins mediated the transfer of electrons from illuminated spinach chloroplasts to a nitrogenase preparation to reduce acetylene. Ferredoxin II was specifically about five times more active than ferredoxin I. Ferredoxin II was also active in the photosynthetic NADP+-reduction whereas ferredoxin I was not. 5. Both ferredoxins were reversibly reduced by either sodium dithionite, illuminated spinach chloroplasts or hydrogen plus hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum. 6. Attempts to determine the primary electron donor for nitrogen fixation in Mycobacterium flavum were unsuccessful. Acetylene reduction in Mycobacterium extracts was obtained only with sodium dithionite or illuminated spinach chloroplasts as electron donors. The reduction of the electron carrier (e. g. ferredoxin) rather than the transfer of electrons from the reduced carrier to nitrogenase was rate-limiting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427863
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation by hydrogen-utilizing bacteria (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hydrogen bacteria ; Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction ; Mycobacterium flavum 301 ; Corynebacterium autotrophicum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventeen strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, isolated from different habitats on hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well as on other substrates, morphologically resembled each other. All strains, including Mycobacterium flavum 301, grew autotrophically with hydrogen. The isolate strain 6 was sensitive to oxygen when dependent on N2 as nitrogen source, a consequence of the sensitivity of its nitrogenase towards oxygen. At the same time, strain 6 was sensitive to hydrogen when growing autotrophically on N2 as nitrogen source, but hydrogen did not affect acetylene reduction by these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425333
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absence of “void area” in freeze-etched vesicles of the Alnus crispa var. mollis Fern. root nodule endophyte (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodule ; Endophyte vesicle ; Alder ; Alnus ; Freeze-etching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen-fixing root nodules of Alnus crispa var. mollis Fern. were studied by transmission electron microscopy and by freeze-etching technique. Ultrathin sectioning of septate vesicles of the actinomycetal endophyte showed an electron transparent zone, the so-called “void area”, between the vesicle cell wall and its encapsulation material. This void area was not observed in the freeze-etching replicas of cryoprotected nodular tissue. It is suggested that the void area is the result of the coming-off of the vesicle cell wall from the capsule and that its formation reflects difficulty in fixing the voluminous mature vesicle of the root nodule endophyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425337
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of gas vacuole-less mutants of the blue-green alga Anabaenopsis raciborskii (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 111 (1976), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Mutation ; Blue-green alga ; Anabaenopsis raciborskii ; Gas vacuole ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From a bloom forming blue-green alga, Anabaenopsis raciborskii, spontaneous mutants, which had lost the ability to form gas vacuoles have been isolated; the mutant frequency was 4.8×10-3. The filaments of gas vacuole-less mutants settled at the bottom of flasks in liquid culture media unlike the parent alga. The growth and nitrogen fixation were comparatively poor in the mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446569
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation in lake Mendota, 1971–1973 (1976)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 49 (1976), S. 53-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Acetylene reduction ; Lake Mendota
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of nitrogen fixation to the nitrogen budget of Lake Mendota has been calculated. On average, the equivalent of 1.28 × 105 kg of NH3 (as determined by the acetylene reduction technique) was added to this eutrophic lake during June, July and August. Diurnal variation (approximately two-thirds of the day's fixation occurs prior to noon) in algal nitrogen fixation, and variation of fixation with depth (3.6% of the fixation in the column occurs in the top decimeter) were characterized as prerequisites to this calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016168
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