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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental Vaccination of Chicks with Plasmodium gallinaceum Sporozoites. I. Circumsporozoite Proteins Are Expressed by Sporozoites Recovered from Both Salivary Glands and Midguts of Mosquitoes (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Immunogenicity of Plasmodium gallinaceum Sporozoites for chicks and their in vitro reactivity with normal and specific immune sera were studied. Two sporozoite populations recovered from experimentally infected Aedes fluviatilis were used: sporozoites from salivary glands and sporozoites from midgut oocysts. Populations seven to nine days old of sporozoites recovered from salivary glands were infective for all chicks until the chicks were three weeks old; however, sporozoites recovered from midguts containing oocysts infected these chicks only if isolated on days 8–9, but not on day 7 after the mosquitoes' infective blood meal. Infectivity of the sporozoites was lost after exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light (30 min) or X-rays (13 krad). Inactivated sporozoites from both sources proved highly immunogenic to chicks that were immunized by several intravenous or intramuscular injections. These parasites elicited a strong humoral immune response in the chicks, as measured by the circumsporozoite precipitation (CSP) reaction. The levels of the CSP antibodies were similar with sporozoites from both sources, there being no detectable differences in the percentage of reactive sporozoites or the intensity of the CSP reaction with sera containing antibodies to either sporozoites from salivary glands or sporozoites from oocysts. These results provide the first evidence that avian malaria sporozoites express the circumsporozoite protein that has been extensively characterized in mammalian malaria (rodent, simian, human sporozoites). Furthermore, we observed that the yields of sporozoites obtained from mosquito midguts, on days 8 and 9 of the P. gallinaceum infection, were at least twice as great as those obtained by salivary gland dissection, even 20 days after a blood meal. This is an advantage since obtaining the midguts is less tedious, as well as more efficient and faster.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03167.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An Intranuclear Microsporidium Associated with Acute Anemia in the Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: An intranuclear microsporidium is described from hemoblastic cells of the chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. The infection is associated with an acute anemia in the fish. Up to 47% of the hemoblast nuclei were infected in anemic fish. The organisms, found only in spleen and kidney tissues, were 1–2 μm in diameter and consisted of vegetative and early sporulation forms. This microsporidium differs from known species which parasitize fish in its tissue location; however, the absence of mature spores and other life cycle stages precludes determination of its precise taxonomic identity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03174.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Extracellular Killing of Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigotes by Human Eosinophils (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Granules released from human eosinophils upon interaction with Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes in vitro were seen attached to the surface of non-internalized parasites by electron microscopy. Amastigote damage was preceded by the binding of eosinophil granule material to its membrane, and eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP) bound to the parasite surface was readily detectable. Additional evidence of eosinophil cytotoxicity for extracellular amastigotes was the observation that amastigotes trapped between two eosinophils, without being ingested by either one, were destroyed at the interface. Amastigotes isolated from the spleens of infected mice or grown in culture were similarly sensitive to the lytic effects of purified MBP. These results demonstrate the ability of human eosinophils to lyse T. cruzi amastigotes extracellularly in the absence of antibody and suggest that MBP may be involved in the effect. Thus, eosinophils, known to be capable of destroying phagocytosed amastigotes, could also contribute to the clearance of these parasites through extracellular killing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03176.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further Characterization of Carbohydrate-Containing Fractions from Trypanosoma mega (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma mega were submitted to phenol extraction after lipid extraction, providing an extract whose carbohydrate portion (30%) contained fucose, ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose. The purified fraction recovered in the void volume of Bio Gel P-150 gave on SDS-PAGE a band of Mr∼ 55,000 positive for protein and carbohydrate and a diffuse band strongly positive for carbohydrate and lipids (Mr∼ 22,000). The structural analysis of the carbohydrate moiety of this fraction by GLC-MS indicated the presence of nonreducing end groups of fucopyranose, mannopyranose, and galactopyranose, 3-O- and 4-O-substituted and 2,3- and 2,4-di-O-substituted galactopyranosyl units. Extraction of this fraction with chloroform/methanol/water provided a soluble fraction that on SDS-PAGE gave rise to a carbohydrate and lipid-positive band (Mr∼ 22,000). This fraction contained fucose, mannose, and galactose (1:1:1). As main branch points, 2,3-di-O-substituted galactopyranosyl units were present according to methylation data. Similar proportions of fucopyranosyl, mannopyranosyl, galactopyranosyl end units were present. The presence of lipids in this fraction was confirmed by methanolysis following isolation and characterization of the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. Palmitic acid (16:0) and an 18:1 fatty acid were the predominant fatty acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03179.x
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serology of Naegleria fowleri and Naegleria lovaniensis in a Hospital Survey (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: An avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase method was used to detect antibodies to Naegleria fowleri and N. lovaniensis in human serum samples. Antibodies were detected in 101 specimens from 115 hospital patients ranging in age from 15 to 98 years. Class-specific anti-immunoglobulins identified antibodies as IgG and IgM. IgG antibody titers to both species ranged from 1:20 to 1:640. Seven of 15 serum samples collected from newborn infants also demonstrated IgG antibodies to these organisms with a titer range of 1:20 to 1:80. The immunoperoxidase test and Western blot analysis of selected serum samples demonstrated a close similarity in serological results between N. fowleri and N. lovaniensis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03183.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Kinetid Structures of the Choreotrichous Ciliate Strobilidium velox and an Assessment of Its Evolutionary Lineage (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The ciliary (kinetid) structures of the ciliate Strobilidium velox have been examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Somatic kineties consist of a linear row of kinetosomes (monokinetids) and short cilia lying partially beneath a thin fold of cytoplasm. The only fibrillar kinetid structure extending from the kinetosomes is a transverse ribbon of microtubules. The paroral membrane is a single-file polykinetid possessing a possible transverse ribbon of microtubules and a nematodesma. The oral polykinetids or membranelles are complex, with microtubules extending from both anterior and posterior rows of cilia. While the kinetid structures do not satisfy the criteria for the order Choreotrichida, they are similar to the tintinnids in several other relevant ways. Strobilidium velox is proposed to be an unusual ciliate that is an exception to the concept that somatic kinetids are conservative and reliable phylogenetic indicator structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03145.x
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rumen Ophryoscolecid Protozoa in the Hindgut of the Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Rumen ophryoscolecid protozoa were observed in feces obtained from two capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) housed at the Columbus Zoo, Columbus, Ohio. Total numbers were 58.1 times 104 and 19.0 times 104 per gram of wet feces in a male and female capybara, respectively. Four common rumen species of Entodinium were observed in the feces from both animals, with low numbers of Eudiplodinium maggii and Elytroplastron bubali also occurring in the male. Establishment of rumen ophryoscolecid ciliates in the intestinal tract of non-ruminant herbivores has not been reported previously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03150.x
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of a Neutral Aminoacyl-Peptide Hydrolase from Naegleria fowleri1 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: An intracellular alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase (EC 3.4.11.-) from Naegleria fowteri nN68 (ATCC 30894) has been characterized. The enzyme preparation hydrolyzed phenylalanyl-, tyrosyl-, leucyl-, arginyl-, alanyl-, tryptophanyl-, histidyl-, methionyl-, and lysyl-naphthylamide but not benzoylleucyl-, leucylglycyl-, glycylprolylleucyl-, glycyl-, threonyl-, aspartyl-, or glutamyl-naphthylamide. The aminopeptidase activity was inhibited by the cysteine-protease inhibitors—hydroxymercuribenzoate, chloromercurisulfate, and iodoacetate- by the aminopeptidase inhibitors-bestatin and trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucyl-agmatine- by an inhibitor of soluble alanyl aminopeptidase EC 3.4.11.14, puromycin, and by the metalloprotease inhibitor, o-phenanthroline. The exopeptidase activity was not inhibited by the chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, or the serine-protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride. The pH optimum of the exopeptidase was between 7.0 and 8.0. Enzyme activity was stable at 55°C for 30 min, but all activity was lost after 15 min at 80°C. Enzyme activity was inhibited by 100 μM HgCI2 and CdCl2 but not by 1 mM CoCl2, CuCl2, MnCl2, NiCl2, FeCl2, or ZnCl2. Enzyme activity was inhibited by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate but not by 0.2% Brij 35, Tween 20, Tween 80, or Triton X-100.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03151.x
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In Vitro Reversible Transformation of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis Between Promastigote and Ellipsoidal Forms (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Raising the temperature of a log-phase culture of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis promastigotes from 26°C to 34°C resulted in formation of a culture containing 85% ellipsoidally shaped forms after 1.5 h. The temperature-induced ellipsoidal forms decreased in size but persisted in high proportion (85–95%) for at least 12 h at 34°C. Recovery from the ellipsoidal forms to a culture containing 85–95% promastigotes was observed after returning the temperature to 26°C. The time required for recovery increased markedly with the duration of the preceding heat treatment, up to about 70 h for a 12-h heat treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03154.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of Glucose, Ribose, Alanine, and Glutamate by Leishmania braziliensis panamensis (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The metabolism of [1-14C]- and [6-14C]glucose, [1-14]ribose, [1-14C]- and [U-14C]alanine, and [1-14C]- and [5-14C]glutamate by the promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis panamensis was investigated in cells resuspended in Hanks' balanced salt solution supplemented with ribose, alanine, or glutamate. The ratio of 14CO2 produced from [1-14C]glucose to that from [6-14C]glucose ranged from about two to six, indicating appreciable carbon flow through the pentose phosphate pathway. A functional pentose phosphate pathway was further demonstrated by the production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]ribose although the rate of ribose oxidation was much lower than the rate of glucose oxidation. The rate of 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose was almost linear with time of incubation, whereas that of [6-14C]glucose accelerated, consistent with an increasing rate of flux through the Embden-Meyerhof pathway during incubation. Increasing the assay temperature from 26°C to 34°C had no appreciable effect on the rates or time courses of oxidation of either [1-14C]- or [6-14C]glucose or of [1-14C]ribose. Both alanine and glutamate were oxidized by L. b. panamensis, and at rates comparable to or appreciably greater than the rate of oxidation of glucose. The ratios of 14CO2 produced from [1-14C]- to [U-14C]alanine and from [1-14C]- to [5-14C]glutamate indicated that these compounds were metabolized via a functioning tricarboxylic acid cycle and that most of the label that entered the tricarboxylic acid cycle was oxidized to carbon dioxide. Heating the cultures for 6 or 12 h at 34°C, which converts the promastigotes into an ellipsoidally shaped intermediate form, decreased the rates of oxidation of glucose, alanine, and glutamate. The oxidation of glutamate decreased by about 50% and 70% after a 6-h or 12-h heat treatment, respectively. Returning the heated cultures to 26°C initiated a reversion to the promastigote form and recovery of the rate of glucose oxidation, but glutamate oxidation did not return to control levels by 19 h at 26°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03156.x
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