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  • Articles  (74)
  • 42.55  (31)
  • Triticum aestivum  (27)
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  • Springer  (74)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • Frontiers Media
  • 2020-2022
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (74)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1979  (54)
  • 1976  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Models of DNA-dye-complexes: Energy transfer and molecular structures as evaluated by laser excitation (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 87 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Energy transfer in DNA-dye-complexes after excitation in the UV down to 220 nm by means of a tunable laser was investigated. DNA of different base composition and polynucleotides were compared. The dyes proflavine, acridine orange and ethidium bromide were used. The energy transfer from DNA-bases to dye molecules was measured in dependence of the excitation wavelength and the base composition of the DNA. Models of the energy transfer from DNA to dye and of the molecular structures of the DNA-dye-complex (intercalation) could be deduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899685
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free-electron lasers and masers on curved paths (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of building free-electron lasers and masers with quasi-circular undulators is considered. The two-mirror cavity is replaced by a suitable waveguide. The magnetic field along the orbit has a continuous component superimposed on the alternating one. Besides allowing large freedom for electron guiding and focusing, the structure allows effective negative mass conditions, which may enhance the electron beam modulation when space charge effect are important. Furthermore the radiation frequency can be higher than that in a linear undulator with the same electron energy, and long interaction times are possible in a compact structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900537
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser properties of praseodymium pentaphosphate single crystals (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 345-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.55 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract PrP5O14, PrxLa1−xP5O14, and PrxY1−xP5O14 (0≦x≦1) single crystals of laser quality were synthesized and their crystallographic and optical parameters measured. Laser emissions in the visible (λ=637.4 nm) with no mirrors in place (superradiance) and also in various optical resonators have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900479
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization spectroscopy with ultrashort light pulses (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have demonstrated the feasibility of Doppler-free polarization spectroscopy with a train of ultrashort pulses from a synchronously pumped mode-locked dye laser. The sensitivity of the method is compared with saturation spectroscopy with a single-mode laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The external-resonator cw spin-flip Raman laser; output characteristics and spectroscopic applications (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of a stable, external-resonator spin-flip Raman laser (SFRL), pumped by a cw carbon monoxide laser of controlled mode quality and spectral content, are determined using a combination of molecular spectroscopy, Raman amplifier and confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer measurements, and heterodyne detection. Single-frequency output of a free-running external-resonator is demonstrated with an inherent linewidth of 〈10 kHz and a short-term frequency jitter of ≃100 kHz. With the resonator length actively controlled to lock an axial mode frequency to the peak of the spontaneous gain, the linewidth of the SFRL output was maintained below 2 MHz. In this mode of operation, small variations in the output tuning rate, corresponding to the magnetic field dependence of the conduction-electrong-factor, were calibrated. Molecular absorption spectra obtained using gas cells both inside and outside the resonator have been used to illustrate the high resolution, wide-range tuning capability and sensitivity of the system. Lambda-doubling of the $$^2 \pi _{3/2} $$ of the Q-branch head of nitric oxide was measured for values ofJ down to 13/2, below which the splitting is less than the Doppler width. The splittings agreed with predictions using parameters obtained by conventional spectra for higherJ-values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932399
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New FIR laser lines from optically pumped methanol analogues (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 241-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Several new laser lines using optically pumped deuterated methanol molecules have been discovered. These not only increase the spectral coverage of pumped methanol isotopes but may assist in the assignment of a molecular structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient single-mode operation of a standing-wave dye laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The selection of a single longitudinal mode of a dye laser can be achieved with double or triple Michelson reflectors instead of Fabry-Perot etalons inside the laser cavity. These systems can be adapted to commercial multimode dye lasers. They provide a high efficiency and a good geometrical quality of the output beam. With a 7 watt pump power (λ=514.5 nm line of the Ar+ laser), a tunable output power of 1 watt was obtained at the peak of R6G, in the main output beam; the total single-mode power, including the auxiliary output beams, exceeded 1.4 watt. These results correspond to efficiencies of 14% and 20%, respectively (24% and 30% slope efficiencies). We discuss in the text why these efficiencies are comparable to those of ring lasers. In the infrared, with a 4.5 watt pump power (red lines of a Kr+ laser), 250 mW of single-mode output power in the main output beam was obtained at 780 nm with Oxazine 750.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral coincidences between CO-Laser and nitric-oxide. A reinvestigation (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 427-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 35 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectral coincidences between CO-laser lines and NO fundamental absorption lines were reinvestigated in order to resolve discrepancies between recently published papers. The absorption of CO laser radiation by NO and NO/Ar mixtures was measured and fitted by calculations using a Voigt profile for the NO line shapes. A new coincidence with a frequency offset of less than the NO Doppler width was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended spectral distribution of lasing transitions in a liquid-nitrogen cooled CO-laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 439-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A liquid-nitrogen cooled12C16O laser was operated both Q-switched and cw. A total of 276 lasing transitions were observed in cw using an intracavity grating for line selection. In the Q-switch mode, 230 lines occurred without dispersive element in the cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00930109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A broadly tunable IR waveguide Raman laser pumped by a dye laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65C ; 42.55 ; 33.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Design and performance characteristics of a tunable ir waveguide Raman laser pumped by a high power dye laser are described. Using SRS up to third Stokes order in compressed H2, the wavelength range from 0.7 to 7 μm has been covered without gaps. Taking advantage of a waveguide structure in the scattering chamber, energy conversion efficiencies better than 1% with power levels in excess of 80 kW for the third Stokes component have been achieved. The experimental results support the theoretical predictions that a 4-wave parametric process is responsible for the production of the third Stokes component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885508
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A free-electron laser in a uniform magnetic field (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 41 ; 42.55 ; 95
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of free electrons and free electromagnetic radiation, in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, can result in stimulated emission or absorption. We analyze the dynamics of single electrons by solving the classical, relativistic Lorentz force equations of motion in these combined fields. An electron may gain energy from, or lose energy to, the radiation field, depending crucially on the phase and oscillation frequency of the electron's helical motion within the superposed, circularly polarized light wave. To first order in the radiation field strength, electrons in a monoenergetic, uniformly distributed beam become spatially bunched, but there is no net energy change. To second order, however, the beam may experience a gain or loss of energy, corresponding to attenuation or amplification of radiation. We compare the bunching of this laser process to the bunching processes involved in 1) the Stanford free-electron laser and 2) the cyclotron maser, and find significant differences in each case. Our analytic results provide a clear, simple picture of the interaction process, and can be useful in exploring light amplification in astrophysical magnetic fields, the magnetosphere, or in laboratory devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901785
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A laser accelerator (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 61-65 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that a laser can efficiently accelerate charged particles if a magnetic field is introduced to improve the coupling between the particle and the wave. Solving the relativistic equations of motion for an electron in a uniform magnetic field and superposed, circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, we find that in energy-position phase space an electron traces out a curtate cycloid: it alternately gains and loses energy. If, however, the parameters are chosen so that the electron's oscillations in the two fields are resonant, it will continually accelerate or decelerate depending on its initial position within a wavelength of light. A laboratory accelerator operating under these resonant conditions appears attractive: in a magnetic field of 105 Gauss, and the fields of a 5×1012 W, 10 μm wavelength laser, an optimally positioned electron would accelerate to 700 MeV in only 10m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901788
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A double-wavelength nitrogen-laser-pumped dye laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 97-99 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A narrow-band tunable double-wavelength dye laser with a bandwidth of 0.1 cm−1 is described. The output at one of the wavelengths is found to be completely linearly polarized in the plane of incidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901793
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrapulse thermally induced wavelength shift in a distributed feedback dye laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 39-41 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that when a distributed feedback dye laser is used to generate a train of picosecond pulses, the narrow lines observed in the spectrum are not longitudinal modes, but are due to the intrapulse refractive index changes caused by the heating effect of the pumping pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900535
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-fluctuation measurements in a bath of strong Gaussian noise (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 415-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Remarkable intensity fluctuations were observed in the LiNdP4O12 (LNP) laser by placing a moving ground-glass plate across the ouput beam. Resonance-like behaviors were also observed by tuning the moving velocity of the ground-glass plate, with respect to relaxation oscillations. Classical rate equations including the modulation term were given to explain the observed phenomena. Similar intensity fluctuations corresponding to relaxation oscillations were observed when the LNP laser light beam was coupled to an optical fiber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899696
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient dye lasers pumped by a XeCl excimer laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 35-37 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results of an investigation of 19 organic dyes pumped by a 1.7 MW discharge-pumped XeCl excimer laser are reported. The dye-laser emission covered a wide wavelength range from 340 nm to 710 nm.P-terphenyl shows efficient laser action. The highest energy conversion efficiency exceeds 40% in visible region. In comparison with 250 kW nitrogen laser pumping, higher efficiencies are obtained for most of these dyes in the same dye-laser configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900534
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the interaction of stimulated spin-flip raman scattering and stimulated recombination radiation in InSb (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 185-189 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the interaction of stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering and stimulated recombination radiation in n-InSb using a CW CO pump laser. A change in linewidth and output power of second Stokes spin-flip radiation is observed when the tuning curve of the first Stokes stimulated spin-flip radiation and the stimulated recombination radiation cross. The observations are explained using a simple rate equation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932395
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NdP5O14 and NdAl3(BO3)4 lasers at 1.3 μm (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 77-80 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 78.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report, for the first time, on room temperature cw laser action of NdP5O14 and NdAl3(BO3)4 at 1.3 μm wavelength. The emission cross sections of the transition4 F 3/2→4 I 13/2 are 0.24·10−19 cm2 and 1.74·10−19 cm2, respectively. The lowest observed threshold was 45 mW and the slope efficiency was nearly 10%. The minimum threshold is expected to be about 5 mW of absorbed pump light for both materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935906
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional effects upon optical coherences: Experimental study in a xenon three-level system (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 32 ; 34 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser induced nonlinear absorption profiles in a three-level system have been recorded to study the effect of elastic collisions upon optical coherences. In our particular system, the signal is due to a pure double-quantum term, where we have separated the effect of phase-interrupting collisions from the effect of velocity-changing collisions. Experimental results show that the effect of velocity-changing collisions is very small, and that broadening of the signal is due to phase-interrupting collisions mainly. We are able to determine the increase of the decay rate of the coherent superposition (the “coherence”) of two levels of same parity [Dγ 13/dp=(6.5±1) MHz/Torr] and an upper limit for the mean velocity change (ũ≲5m/s).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00901791
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dye lasers and intermolecular and intramolecular energy transfer processes (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 165-170 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 33 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Computer calculations of ETDL performance indicate that dye laser output can be manipulated by an appropriate choice of a donor (absorber)-acceptor (dye) couple. Studies of relevant laser induced inter- and intramolecular energy transfer processes are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932391
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-scale instability of a pulse front traversing a resonant saturable absorber (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 221-224 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.10 ; 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Wave front of a light pulse is shown to be unstable as it propagates through a resonant saturable absorber, if its frequency is higher than the resonance frequency of the absorber. When ΔωT 2∼1, a small-scale transverse instability with the dimension of (λl abs)1/2 grows rapidly. Its growth-rate is of the order of the small-signal-absorption length of the medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932401
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple transition-locked and polarization-forced multi-line oscillator for high-power CO2-laser systems (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Employing injection-locking techniques an oscillator configuration was found comprising in a simple way all the features required for fusion directed high-power CO2 laser systems. The oscillator provides emission in single axial modes on rotational transitions which can be freely selected by feeding fluencies of a few mW/cm2 at the particular transition into the oscillator cavity. In the same way simultaneous emission on selectable lines can be achieved. By the same principle the oscillator can be forced to emit in any orientation of polarization. The set up is relatively simple, the alignment rather uncritical, and the operation reliable. Gaussian-shaped nanosecond pulses with low forepulse power are produced with the help of a pulse cutter and saturable multiline absorber. The set up is described and its features are demonstrated by measurements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900468
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cw oscillation at 1.05 and 1.32 μm of LiNd(PO3)4 lasers in external resonator and in resonator with directly applied mirrors (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 329-334 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The room temperature cw oscillation at 1.05 and 1.32 μm of lithium neodymium tetraphosphate [LiNd(PO3)4, LNP] lasers in an external resonator and, for the first time, also in a Fabry-Perot resonator with directly applied mirrors is reported. The growth and fluorescence properties of the LNP crystals are briefly described. Laser parameters such as threshold pump power, output power, differential efficiency, optical gain, emission cross section and laser modes are both measured and calculated. Laser experiments show the threshold pump power to be lower for 1.05 μm than for 1.32 μm emission because of the smaller emission cross section; the pump power density is lower for the external resonator than for the Fabry-Perot resonator because of its higher mode losses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00895005
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunable simultaneous double-wavelength operation of a cw CO2 laser (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 243-245 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Stable step-tunable simultaneous double-wavelength emission from any branch combination of the 9.6 and 10.6 μm bands of a cw CO2 laser is reported in which the relative strengths of the two signals may be controlled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00932406
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
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    Tunable coherent radiation source covering a spectral range from 185 to 880 nm (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 177-181 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65 ; 33
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have studied experimentally stimulated Raman scattering and 4-wave-interaction processes occuring in hydrogen gas, which is excited by a Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser. The tuning ranges of the various Stokes and anti-Stokes lines, which are generated with high efficiency, cover the spectrum from 185 to 880 nm without a gap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934413
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
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    Influence of collisional coupling on the energy extraction from theB, C, andD state in KrF (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 129-134 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 33 ; 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Collisional coupling between theB, C, andD states of KrF is measured in a discharge pumped KrF laser. Detection of the time resolved populations in the three states via measurement of the side fluorescence in theB→X, C→A, andD→X bands is used to record the collisional relaxation from theC andD state to theB state during laser emission. The experimentally determined limits for the collisional coupling times are τB-C≦1 ns and τB-D,τC-D〈20 ns at total pressures of 2 bar. Investigation of theB→X fluorescence band shows that the vibrational manifold of theB state is not thermalized during laser emission. TheV-V,T coupling time is estimated to be τV-V,T=4±2 ns. The influence of collisional coupling on energy extraction in the KrF laser is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885933
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    Influence of the inversion depletion in the active medium on the evolution of ultrashort pulses in passively mode-locked solid-state lasers (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 237-245 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analytical treatment of the ultrashort-pulse generation in a solid-state laser is given taking into account gain saturation. The probability for the breakdown of the picosecond-pulse evolution caused by the amplification depletion is calculated. The influence of the active medium saturation on the satellite-pulse probability is investigated. Both probabilities characterize the mode-locking behaviour of the laser system and are calculated for various laser parameters to find an optimum laser regime.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886024
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  • 28
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    Coherent γ-emission by stimulated annihilation of electron-positron pairs (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 127-130 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55 ; 42.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of using stimulated emission from the recombination of electron-positron pairs for obtaining coherent γ-rays is considered. The critical number of pairs needed for the process is calculated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900548
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  • 29
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    CW HCN laser gain in a hollow dielectric rectangular cross-section discharge tube (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 359-361 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a 1 m-long CW HCN discharge laser with a hollow dielectric rectangular discharge tube of 5×20 cm2 cross-section. For optimum working conditions, the characteristics of the amplifying medium have been made constant over the cross-section, by using an additional magnetic field. Then, the unsaturated gain for the 337 μm line is 6.8% m−1. It is shown to be dependent on the smaller dimension of the cross-section rather than on the other dimension. By using the tube as a waveguide, laser output power of 1 Watt might be obtained with a discharge length of 4 m, instead of the 12m-long discharge required to get the same output power from a cylindrical waveguide laser.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900481
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    Selective laser excitation of bases in nucleic acids (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 257-259 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 87 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Selective electronic excitation of single kinds of DNA bases were performed with dye lasers. Different DNA-dye-complexes were used and the selective excitation could be proved by the varying strength of the interaction between the bases and the dye molecules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886028
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  • 31
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    Powerful laser systems with phase conjugation by SMBS mirror (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 20 (1979), S. 261-264 
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    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 42.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The method of Stimulated Mandelshtam-Brillouin Scattering (SMBS) is utilized in a powerful laser to obtain better transverse beam quality by phase conjugation. The principle is explained, and the conclusions are substantiated by experimental results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00886029
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  • 32
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    A comparison of the antihypertensive effect of atenolol (ICI 66 082) and propranolol (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Propranolol ; atenolol ; hypertension ; cardio-selective ; beta-adrenergic blockade ; antihypertensive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Propranolol was given to 30 patients with essential hypertension following randomised, double-blind administration of either placebo or a new cardioselective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, atenolol (Tenormin®, ICI 66 082). Both atenolol and propranolol caused statistically significant reduction of recumbent and erect blood pressure and heart rate. There were no important differences between these variables on comparison of atenolol and propranolol.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606549
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    Mechanism of the interaction of propranolol and a potent vasodilator antihypertensive agent — Minoxidil (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 355-360 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Propranolol ; minoxidil ; hypertension ; cardiac output ; plasma renin activity ; non-invasive techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study, using non-invasive techniques, was carried out in ten patients with essential hypertension to examine the mechanism of the hypotensive effect of propranolol when used in combination with a potent vasodilator antihypertensive — minoxidil. The hypotensive effect of minoxidil, a mean (± SEM) decrease of 42.4±4.3 mm Hg, was accompanied by a marked increase in heart rate, cardiac index and plasma renin activity and a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance, limb vascular resistance and pre-ejection period. Addition of propranolol further reduced mean arterial pressure by an average of 12.9±2.0 mm Hg. Propranolol returned cardiac index to control values and total peripheral resistance index rose but not to control levels. Plasma renin activity was significantly reduced by propranolol. By multiple regression analysis no correlation was found between propranolol-induced decrease in mean arterial pressure and changes in cardiac index, total peripheral resistance index or plasma renin activity. Quantitatively, the reduction in cardiac index observed probably accounted for the hypotensive effect of propranolol. The role of plasma renin activity reduction in the hypotensive effect of propranolol in this situation remains to be clarified. The findings in the present study were consonant with the known actions of vasodilator antihypertensive agents and propranolol and indicate the applicability of non-invasive methodology to the investigation of cardiovascular drugs in man.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606548
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  • 34
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    Low doses of hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 177-182 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; serum potassium ; total body potassium ; serum uric acid ; fasting blood sugar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antihypertensive activity and side effects of three doses of hydrochlorothiazide combined with a potassium supplement (Esidrex®-K novum, Ciba) were determined in 40 hypertensive subjects in a double-blind, cross-over study. The lowest daily dose (12.5 mg) gave almost the same blood pressure reduction as the doses in common use (25 mg and 50 mg) and as the adrenergic beta-blocking agents previously employed. Metabolic side effects in the form of decreased serum potassium and increased fasting blood sugar and serum uric acid were observed in patients on the lower dose and, with the exception of serum uric acid, were only slightly more pronounced with the higher doses. The frequency of subjective side effects, on the other hand, increased with increasing dose. No changes were noted in total body potassium at any dose level. It is suggested that hydrochlorothiazide in low dose, alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, is a useful therapeutic regimen in mild hypertension.
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    Influence of metoprolol, alone and in combination with a thiazide diuretic, on blood pressure, plasma volume, extracellular volume and glomerular filtration rate in essential hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; thiazides diuretics ; hypertension ; haemodynamic effects ; renal function ; body fluid volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In fifteen patients with essential hypertension WHO I–II (eight men and seven; mean age 45 years) blood pressure (BP), plasma volume (PV;125I-Albumin space), extracellular volume (ECV;82Brdistribution space) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR;51Cr-EDTA clearance) were measured before and during long-term antihypertensive therapy with metoprolol, alone, and in combination with thiazide diuretics. Metoprolol given alone to all patients for an average of 5 months (mean dose 230 mg) resulted in a reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure by 11% and 8%, respectively. In eight patients the BP reduction was considered inadequate (non-responders). In the group as a whole, ECV increased significantly by 5%. The increase in ECV in the non-responders was five times larger than in the responders (1.025 ml against 205 ml), which may in part account for the inadequate BP control. Addition of a thiazide diuretic for an average of 3.5 months resulted in reduction of ECV to its pretreatment level and a pronounced additional fall in BP, comparable to that in the responders. No systematic change in PV or GFR could be demonstrated. No difference was found between the two groups regarding sex, pretreatment BP, body fluid volumes or renal function. On average the non-responders were 20 years older than the responders. The clinical importance of the apparent age-related expansion of ECV and the mechanism behind fluid retention during antihypertensive treatment with beta-blocking drugs are discussed. As failure of BP control during treatment with beta-blockers may be due to fluid retention, concurrent use of diuretics is indicated.
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    Effect of oral labetalol on plasma catecholamines, renin and aldosterone in patients with severe arterial hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: labetalol ; furosemide ; hypertension ; aldosterone ; blood pressure ; plasma catecholamines ; renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Arterial blood pressure and plasma catecholamines, renin activity and aldosterone concentration in 12 patients with severe essential hypertension were studied before and after combined α-and β-adrenergic receptor blockade induced by oral labetalol treatment for 2 months. Furosemide in a fixed dose was employed as a basic antihypertensive agent throughout the study. Blood pressure was adequately controlled in only 6 patients. Mean body weight increased by 1.8 kg and there was a rise in body weight which was inversely correlated with the fall in standing mean blood pressure. The mean plasma noradrenaline concentration decreased from 0.30 to 0.20 ng/ml, whereas plasma adrenaline did not change significantly. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration varied greatly, but the mean values did not change significantly. Change in body weight was correlated inversely with changes in plasma noradrenaline and renin. The results suggest that labetalol, through its combined α- and β-adrenergic receptor blocking action, induces a rise in body weight, probably due to sodium and fluid retention, which partly counterbalances the antihypertensive effect of labetalol, and partly modifies both renin and sympathetic nervous activity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605626
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    Multicentre comparative trial of tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 319-322 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: tientilic acid ; hydrochlorothiazide ; hypertension ; diuretics ; hyperuricemia ; hypouricemic drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To compare the clinical and metabolic effects of a new diuretic uricosuric agent, tienilic acid, with those of hydrochlorothiazide, a multicentre double-blind trial was performed in 56 hypertensive patients. Twenty — eight patients were randomly assigned to take tienilic acid and 28 to take hydrochlorothiazide. The diuretic and anti-hypertensive actions of the two compounds were similar. No significant differences were observed between tienilic acid and hydrochlorothiazide in their effects on urinary and serum electrolytes, hepatic and renal function tests, and fasting lipids. The patients who received tienilic acid showed a significant fall in serum uric acid, mediated by the uricosuric effect. The availability of an agent combining diuretic, anti-hypertensive and hypouricemic effects offers promise in the treatment of arterial hypertension.
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    Dissociation of biochemical and hypotensive effects of debrisoquine in hypertensive patients (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 81-86 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: debrisoquine ; hypertension ; renin ; catecholamines ; platelet monoamine oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The 24 h urinary excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, metadrenaline, normetadrenaline and vanillylmandelic acid, plasma renin activity and plasma and urinary debrisoquine were measured before and during chronic treatment with oral debrisoquine in 14 in-patients with essential hypertension. There was a significant fall (mean ±SD) in the 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (15.3±2.8 to 6.7±1.9 µmol) noradrenaline (199.0±105.8 to 125.2±43.3 nmol) and plasma renin activity (0.71±0.47 to 0.40±0.20 pmol Angio I ml−1 h−1) while the urinary normetadrenaline/noradrenaline ratio increased (10.4±6.1 to 17.1±5.1). No significant change was seen in the output of adrenaline or of O-methylated metabolites. Debrisoquine produces extensive noncompetitive inhibition of platelet monoamine oxidase in vivo at low therapeutic plasma concentrations. These changes support the view that treatment with debrisoquine produces intraneuronal inhibition of monoamine oxidase and post-ganglionic blockage. There was a significant correlation between the change in standing diastolic blood pressure and the daily dose (rs=−0.52), pre-dose plasma concentration (rs=−0.85) and mean daily urinary recovery (rs=−0.80), of debrisoquine. The full extent of the biochemical changes were seen at low dose and low plasma concentration and were not directly correlated with the fall in standing or supine blood pressure.
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    Long-term hemodynamic effects of penbutolol at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 149-153 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: beta-adrenergic blockade ; penbutolol ; haemodynamics ; hypertension ; prolonged treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen men with previously untreated essential hypertension (WHO Stage I) were studied as out-patients. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac index and brachial arterial pressure were recorded at rest supine and whilst sitting position, and during steady state exercise at 50, 100 and 150 W. The subjects were then treated with penbutolol 20–80 mg/day. In 12 responding patients hemodynamic study after 1 year demonstrated that systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were reduced by approximately 20% at rest and 18% during exercise. Heart rate was reduced about 24% at rest and 26% during exercise. The stroke index did not show any significant change during rest, but during exercise the post-treatment values were 8%, 13% and 18% higher than the pre-treatment values at the 50, 100 and 150 W exercise levels, the last two changes being significant. Thus, the reduction in cardiac index during exercise was less than the reduction in heart rate — about 15%, but 24% when sitting at rest. The total peripheral resistance index did not show any significant change at rest or during exercise. Dizziness or muscular fatigue occurred in 6 patients during the first two weeks of treatment. From then on no side-effects were noted. It is concluded that the hemodynamic effects of longterm treatment with penbutolol in mild to moderate hypertension largely resemble those after the majority of other beta-blockers.
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    Double-blind comparison of metoprolol, alprenolol, and oxprenolol in hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: metoprolol ; alprenolol ; oxprenolol ; hypertension ; double-blind trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double-blind comparison of the β-blockers metoprolol, alprenolol and oxprenolol was carried out to evaluate their antihypertensive effect and tolerability. 105 patients with previously untreated hypertension entered the trial and 71 completed it. Side-effects were infrequent and were never the reason for drop-out. All three drugs caused a statistically significant reduction in blood-pressure at the lower of the two doses used during a dose-finding period. At the higher dose employed in this period, metoprolol caused a significantly greater reduction in diastolic blood-pressure than did alprenolol or oxprenolol. All three drugs caused a significant reduction in heart rate. During the follow-up period, the β-blockers were supplemented if necessary with hydrochlorothiazide. This was required less frequently in the metoprolol group than in the other two groups.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568195
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    Hypotensive action and side-effects of flutonidin in normal subjects (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 375-379 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: flutonidin ; clonidine ; hypertension ; side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double blind study, planned as a 7×7 latin square, three oral doses of futonidin (0.5, 1, 2 mg), of clonidine (0.0075, 0.150, 0.300 mg) and of a placebo were administered to 7 normal volunteers on 7 different treatment days, with an interval of 3 days. On each treatment day sitting blood pressure, heart rate and reaction time were measured, and sedation and dry mouth evaluated before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 h after administration. The placebo did not modify the basal value of any variable. Flutonidin and clonidine produced dose-related effects on blood pressure, heart rate, sedation and dry mouth, but did not influence reaction time. Analysis of the dose-response curves demonstrated that the effect of flutonidin was one-fifth to one-twelfth that of clonidine, depending on which variable was considered.
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    Comparison of once and twice daily administration of sotalol in the treatment of hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 293-298 
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    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: sotalol ; hypertension ; once and twice daily dose ; three daily BP-readings ; plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty patients with mild to severe essential hypertension, satisfactorily controlled by twice daily Sotalol 80 to 320 mg/day, entered a double-blind, crossover study comparing the efficacy, tolerability and safety of their usual twice daily dose of Sotalol with the same total dose given once daily. Each double-blind period was eight weeks long; during it blood pressure and pulse rate were measured in each patient's home at 8–10 a. m., 12-2 p. m. and 8–10 p. m., on alternate days during the last week of each treatment period. There was no significant difference in blood pressure or pulse rate between each regime for the three readings during the day. The mean serum concentration of Sotalol twenty-four hours after once daily administration was not significantly lower than the concentration 12 h after twice daily administration. Once daily dosage did not cause any problems of tolerance.
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    Identification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosomes with genes controlling the level of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and acid proteinase using the Chinese Spring-Hope substitution lines (1976)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 14 (1976), S. 905-912 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: chromosome substitution ; nitrate reductase ; nitrite reductase ; acid proteinase ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The levels of nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and acid proteinase were compared in the primary leaves of 8-day-old wheat seedlings of Chinese Spring, Hope, and the 21 disomic substitution lines of Hope in Chinese Spring. Two chromosomes, 7B and 7D, were considered to contain genes controlling the level of nitrate reductase. Substitution of Hope chromosome 7B caused a highly significant increase in the in vitro stability of nitrate reductase. Nitrite reductase appeared to be controlled by two major genes, located on chromosomes 4D and 7D, and two minor genes, located on chromosomes 3D and 5A. In the case of acid proteinase, substitution of chromosome 1D caused a significant reduction in enzyme activity.
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    The chromosomal location of peroxidase isozymes of the wheat kernel (1979)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 73-76 
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    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; Wheat, Peroxidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The analysis of the individual parts of the Triticum aestivum L. kernel yields a total of 11 peroxidase isozymes: m, n, a, c, d1, d, d2, e, f, g and h (in order from faster to slower migration). Isozymes a, c and d are found in the endosperm (Ed) and seed coats (C), while m, n, d1, d2, e, f, g and h are peculiar to the embryo and scutellum (E + S). The use of the nullitetrasomic and ditellosomic series of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat allows peroxidase isozymes to be associated with specific chromosome arms. Isozymes a, c and d (Ed) are associated with chromosome arms 7DS, 4BL and 7AS; whereas isozymes m, d2, e and f are associated with chromosome arms 3DS, 3BL, 3DL and 3DL, respecitvely. Thus, the E + S isozymes are associated with homoeology group 3 and the Ed isozymes with homoeology groups 7 (a and d isozymes) or 4 (c isozymes).
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    Combining ability analysis over F1-F5 generations in diallel crosses of bread wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 55 (1979), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Combining ability analysis ; Triticum aestivum ; Diallel crosses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Combining ability studies for grain yield and its primary component traits in diallel crosses involving seven diverse wheat cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over generations F1-F5 are reported. The general and specific combining ability variances were significant in all generations for all the traits except specific combining ability variance for number of spikes per plant in the F5. The ratio of general to specific combining ability variances was significant for all the traits except grain yield in all the generations. This indicated an equal role of additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of grain yield, and the predominance of the former for its component traits. The presence of significant specific combining ability variances in even the advanced generations may be the result of an additive x additive type of epistasis or evolutionary divergence among progenies in the same parental array. The relative breeding values of the parental varieties, as indicated by their general combining ability effects, did not vary much over the generations. The cheap and reliable procedure observed for making the choice of parents, selecting hybrids and predicting advanced generation (F5) bulk hybrid performance was the determination of breeding values of the parents on the relative performance of their F2 progeny bulks.
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    Interstitial cells of the renal medulla in rats with genetic spontaneous hypertension (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 938-940 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: interstitial cells of the kidney ; lipid granules ; hypertension ; electron-microscopic morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The content of lipid granules in the interstitial cells (IC) of the renal medulla of rats with genetic spontaneous hypertension (rats of the SHR strain) was studied by electron-microscopic morphometry. At the age of 1.5 months no difference was found in the volume of the lipid granules in SHR and Wistar (control) rats. At the age of 1 year the total volume of lipid granules in hypertensive SHR rats exceeded their volume in the control. At the same time, features of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were found in the SHR rats, especially in the period of formation of hypertension. It is evidently not the degree of reduction in the volume of lipid granules, as was hitherto considered, but the state of the organelles of synthesis and secretion that must be used as the morphological criterion of IC function in arterial hypertension.
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    Increased sensitivity of adipose tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats to ACTH (1979)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 88 (1979), S. 696-699 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertension ; ACTH ; lipolysis ; calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of ACTH on lipolysis was studied in the adipose tissue of rats with spontaneous and renal hypertension and also in normotensive rats of corresponding control groups. The sensitivity of the adipose tissue of SHR rats to ACTH was shown to be higher than in the normotensive control. Evidence was obtained that this increase in sensitivity is due to the state or quantity of intracellular calcium. In rats with renal hypertension no such increase in sensitivity of their adipose tissue to ACTH was found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00804767
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    Effect of the β-adrenoblocker propranolol on adrenalin lipolysis in adipose tissue of rats with spontaneous genetic hypertension (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 88 (1979), S. 1285-1286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hypertension ; adrenalin ; propranolol ; adipose tissue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The action of the β-adrenoblocker propranolol on adrenalin lipolysis was studied in adipose tissue of rats with spontaneous hypertension and of control rats. The degree of lipolysis was judged from the accumulation of glycerol in the incubation mediumin vitro. The maximal response of adipose tissue to adrenalin was found to be the same in rats with hypertension and control animals. The adrenalin concentration evoking half the maximal response (KA) in rats with hypertension was found to be half that observed in control rats. In the presence of propranolol this parameter increased more in SHR rats than in the controls. The results indicate increased sensitivity of the adipose tissue of SHR rats to propranolol, possibly in connection with changes in the properties of the β-adrenoreceptor in this form of hypertension.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00835573
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    Frequency of control plots in screening nurseries for protein content (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 387-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; screening nursery ; distance between control plots ; protein content ; correlation coefficient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Correlation coefficients were calculated in two seasons, between protein content of control plots of ‘Kyperounda’ durum wheat and ‘Athenais’ barley sown at distances of from 0.6 m to 68.4 m. Simple correlation coefficients were high (0.737, 0.710 and 0.311) and significant at the 1% level of probability for plots 0.6 m apart, but decreased rapidly with increasing distances between plots. The correlation in four nurseries was significant for plots 7.2 m, 4.2m, 4.2 m and 1.8 m apart. It was concluded that a control plot provides a fairly good measure of the protein content of adjacent plots.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041571
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    Chemically induced sterility in wheat for hybrid seed production (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; gametocide ; pollen stainability ; male sterility ; female sterility ; hybrid seed ; hybrid wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The gametocidal effects of RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 were studied with three rates and times of foliar application on two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Anza and Yecora 70. RH-531 and RH-532 applied at or before booting stage caused rather large reduction in plant height while RH-2956 had a small effect on height. Application of any of the three chemicals on ‘Anza’ at meiotic stages reduced self-pollination (SP) fertility by 97–99%. If 90% SP fertility reduction is acceptable, the application time could vary from premeiosis to postmeiosis for ‘Anza’. ‘Yecora 70’ was less sensitive than ‘Anza’ to gametocide treatments. The lowest SP fertility obtained in ‘Yecora 70’ with RH-531, RH-532, and RH-2956 was by treatment at booting (4 kg/ha), at premeiosis (2 kg/ha), and heading (8 kg/ha), and the corresponding SP fertility reductions were 74, 89, and 71%. Pollen stainability-determined by aceto-carmine, IKI, and Alexander's stains-was not affected by gametocide treatment and was not useful in evaluating sterility induced by these chemicals. For the RH-531-treated ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’ and the RH-532-treated ‘Anza’, more than 94% of the seeds produced by open-pollination on treated plants were from self-or sib-pollination as determined by progeny testing. However, RH-532-treated ‘Yecora 70’ and RH-2956-treated ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’ did result in more crossed seeds, with a maximum of 20% outcrossing. It was believed that spike compactness induced by the chemicals and the related poor flower opening were the major limitations for outcrossing. Artificial pollinations made to the test varieties showed that RH-531 induced both male and female sterility and was undesirable for practical use. RH-532, however, could be applied at the booting stage to avoid severe female sterility, and RH-2956 clearly was the best of the three chemicals, with the female fertility very close to those of the untreated checks of both ‘Anza’ and ‘Yecora 70’. Of the three chemicals, RH-2956 gave the highest percentage of hybrid plants in the progeny of hand-or open-pollinated spikes. Its practical use for hybrid seed production, however, will depend largely on improvement of methods to increase cross pollination in wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041570
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    Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L. (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 457-461 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; leaf angle ; erect leaves ; diallel ; additive gene effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F1 analysis were supported by the analysis of F2 data.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041579
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    Hybrid grass-clump dwarfness in wheat: Physiology and genetics (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 471-483 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat hybrid weekness ; hybrid grass-clump dwarfness ; hybrid dwarfness ; physiology ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth of all grass-clump dwarfs is sensitive to temperature with low temperature giving rise to the grass-clump phenotype and high temperature producing normal phenotype. A continuous temperature of 26°C is required for normal growth of Type 1 dwarfs, a continuous temperature of 21°C is required for normal growth of Ty[e 2 dwarfs and a continuous temperature of 16°C is required for normal growth of Type 3 dwarfs. Genetic studies show that the inheritance of the grass-clump characteristic is due to three complementary dominant genes. The grass-clump growth habit is produced as a result of the temperature sensitivity of the apical meristem. In grass-clump plants low temperature treatment results in the cessation of cell division, DNA synthesis and phospholipid synthesis in the apical meristem. The primary temperature lesion has not been identified. Prolonged low temperature treatment of grass-clump plants results in extensive cell necrosis in a region just below the apical meristem; this cell death results in the permanent inactivation of the apical meristem.
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    Genetic control of photoperiodic sensivity and maturity in spring wheat within narrow limits of adaptation (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 489-498 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; photoperiodic sensitivity ; maturity ; genetics ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Photoperiodic respose, as assessed by a regression technique, exhibited complete dominance averaged over the crosses of an eight parent diallel in the vernalized condition. Photoperiodic response as final leaf number for the vernalized 8-hour photoperiod diallel was closely related to photoeriodic response of the regression method. However, the diallel analyses of both sets of data showed little agreement in terms of respectieve array positions. The inheritance of photoperiodic response in diallels using regression values showed little agreement between the vernalized and unvernalized conditions. This difference was postulated to be due to interaction of vernalization and photoperiodic response in the unvernalized situation. In the unvernalized condition photoperiodic response exhibited non-allelic interaction, attributable mainly to the cultivar Pinnacle in general behaviour in its crosses. Its removal gave a situation of high average dominance for photoperiodic response with a clear indication that high photoperiodic sensitivity was dominant to comparative insensitivity. Days to ear emergence (vernalized and 18-hour photoperiod) exhibited non-allelic interaction in its expression, due mainly to the general behaviour of the cultivar Pinnacle in its crosses. Removal of its array gave a situation of a moderately strong degree of overdominance in the expression of days to ear emergence. Maturity differences amongst parents and F1's, vernalized and under 18-hour photoperiod, are postulated to be due to a factor other than vernalization or photoperiodic response beheved to be growth temperature in differentially in fluencing growth and/or developmental rates between genotypes.
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    Kernel hardness and baking quality of wheat — A genetic analysis using chromosome substitution lines (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 565-576 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution lines ; kernel hardness ; baking absorption ; dough stability ; baking quality ; genetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An attempt was made to identify the chromosomal location of genetic control of a few components of wheat quality, using chromosome substitution lines of Cappelle Desprez, Cheyenne, Hope, and Timstein into the recipient variety Chinese Spring. Major factors for kernel hardness and increased baking absorption were found on chromosomes 5D of Cheyenne and Hope, and on 3B, 5D and 7D of Timstein. In Timstein, the presence of one of these chromosomes sufficed to make the wheat kernels hard. Factors for favourable dough properties were identified on a few other chromosomes, different in various varieties. These were 1A of Cappelle Desprez and Cheyenne, 3B of Hope, and 2D of Timstein. All but one of these chromosomes showed an increase in loaf volume to a level in-between those of the recipient variety Chinese Spring and the donor varieties. No relationship was found between kernel hardness and dough-making and baking properties. It was assumed that wheat quality is due to a combination of kernel hardness and favourable dough-making properties. As the genes for these factors are located on different chromosomes, it should not be too difficult to introduce both factors in existing varieties with poor baking properties. In a wheat breeding programme, the quality of new lines can be assessed in a rather simple way by determining kernel hardness and dough stability.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041594
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    Acceleration of generation advancement in spring wheat (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 415-418 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; germination ; immature grains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The results indicated that acceleration of generation time in wheat was practical. The method developed by Mukade et al. (1973) was improved by extending the hydrogen peroxide treatment at low temperature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041574
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    Genetic analysis of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum using intervarietal chromosome substitution lines—protein content and grain weight (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 65-71 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution ; protein content ; grain weight ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The 21 intervarietal chromosome substitution lines of the cultivar Hope in Chinese Spring were used to analyse the genetic differences between the two cultivars Hope and Chinese Spring in grain protein content and grain weight. Only one chromosome of ‘Hope, 5D’, significantly influenced grain protein content of ‘Chinese Spring’. Its influence was of only minor effect and was to decrease protein content expression of ‘Chinese Spring’. It has been postulated that the genetic control of protein content, in this instance, is most likely due to many genes each of small effect. Five chromosomes of ‘Hope’ influenced the 1000 grain weight value of normal ‘Chinese Spring’, all increasing its expression. Chromosomes 1A, 4A and 5B were of major effect and 3A and 6A of comparatively minor effect. A minimal estimate of five genes determines the difference in grain size between these cultivars. The possible evolutionary significance of the contribution of the A genome of bread wheat to grain size determination is discussed. On the basis of certain findings of this study, proposals are made for breeding for increased grain size in hexaploid wheat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041529
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    Genetics of resistance to an isolate of Alternaria triticina causing leaf blight of wheat (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 769-775 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Alternaria triticina ; leaf blight ; resistance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Genetics of field resistance to Alternaria triticina was studied in a diallel set of crosses using ten cultivars of wheat which included eight resistant and two susceptibles. Susceptibility if NP 830 was found to be controlled by a dominant gene and that of NP 891 by two dominant complementary genes. The resistant cultivars NP 824, NP 835, NP 852, C 281, E 5477, E 5550, E 5878 and UP 303 carry the recessive alleles of the genes present in NP 830 and NP 891. All the resistant cultivars used in the study carried identical gene(s) for resistance to A. triticina. The gene(s) responsible for resistance appear to have come from NP 4 and Turkey, both of which seem to have evolved simultaneously in nature. The gene(s) for susceptibility in NP 830 and NP 891 were found to be different. It is assumed that these genes come from either Motia (Triticum durum) or Khapli (T. dicoccum) in NP 830 and from Gaza (T. durum) in NP 891.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041617
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    Variation of harvest index in several wheat crosses (1976)
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    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 41-50 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat harvest index ; pattern of variation ; degree of dominance ; heritability ; genetic coefficient of variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Harvest index was studied in F1 and F2 generations of eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses and their reciprocals. The parental varieties involved in the crosses represented a fairly wide range of character expression for plant height, tillering potential, grain yield per plant and harvest index. Differences between reciprocal crosses were not evident for the expression of harvest index of the crosses under study. Means and degrees of dominance of F1 and F2 populations suggested partial dominance of high harvest index over low harvest index. The pattern of variation among F2 segregates was quantitative and the distribution was normal. The gene action governing the expression of harvest index was largely additive. Evidence was obtained for non-additive gene action in some crosses. There was complete absence of high parent heterosis for harvest index in the F1's but midparent heterosis was found to be present in all crosses. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance were moderate to high. Usefulness of selecting for harvest index as a measure of yield efficiency particularly in early generations is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00041527
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    Breeding for resistance to cereal cyst nematode in wheat (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 73-82 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Heterodera avenae ; cyst nematode ; resistance breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The progress of a backcross breeding programme to introduce resistance against the cereal cyst nematode into wheat is described. Methods of resistance screening and criteria for selection are detailed and the results discussed with reference to alternative procedures for the introduction of new resistance genes into major breeding programmes.
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    The crossing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.). I. crossability, pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 609-620 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Secale cereale ; rye ; intergeneric cross ; crossability ; pollen grain germination ; pollen tube growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The crossing of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with rye (Secale cereale L.), and especially the action of the crossability genes of wheat, was studied using the readily crossable wheat cv Chinese Spring (genotype kr 1 kr 1 kr 2 kr 2 〉), the poorly crossable wheat cv Hope (genotype Kr 1 Kr 1 Kr 2 Kr 2 ), as well as the disomic substitution line of chromosome 5B of Hope into Chinese Spring (CS/Hope 5B, genotype Kr 1 Kr 1 kr 2 kr 2 ). By comparing crossability and actual fertilization, the poor crossability with rye of both cv Hope and the CS/Hope 5B substitution line was shown to result from absence of fertilization. Studies of pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth showed that the dominant alleles of the crossability genes manifested themselves through retardation and eventually inhibition of pollen tube growth at the style base and in the ovary wall. In Hope the growth of all pollen tubes was inhibited, whereas in CS/Hope 5B rarely fertilization was achieved. The recessive alleles of the crossability genes do not seem to have an influence on the growth of rye pollen tubes in wheat pistils.
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    Seedling emergence, coleoptile length, and plant height relationships in crosses of dwarf and standard-height wheats (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 679-684 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; seedling emergence ; coleoptile length ; plant height ; genetic control ; phenotypic correlations ; selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedling emergence was closely correlated with coleoptile length and plant height among parents, F2 and F3, populations of crosses involving dwarf wheats Olesen Dwarf (CI 14497), Norin 10 derivative D6301, Tom Thumb derivative D6899, and the standard-height varieties Ramona 50 and Nainari 60. Genetic mechanisms that governed plant height also influenced coleoptile length, but the relative effects of genes showing dominant or epistatic effects appeared to be different. With respect to the two parents involved in each of 15 crosses, mean F2 coleoptile lengths were consistently closer to the low parent value than were corresponding mean F2 plant heights. A slight curvilinear relationship was also found between coleoptile length and plant height of F3 lines. The results suggest that selection of semidwarf wheats with long coleoptiles and improved emergence properties from crosses involving the dwarf wheats of this study would be unlikely.
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    Variation in pigment content of flour color in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 685-691 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat flour color ; flour pigment content ; variation ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation in pigment content of the flour of bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the progenies of F1 and F2 of three crosses and their reciprocals. Reciprocal differences in pigment content were observed in the F1 and F2 means. Low pigment content was found to be partially dominant or over dominant in the crosses studied. There was evidence of substantial mid-parent F1 heterosis in all crosses and betterparent F1 heterosis in three crosses. In the F2, heritability estimates were moderate to high. The F2 frequency distributions were not normal. Estimation of effective factor pairs indicated the presence of one or two major gene pairs involved in the expression of pigment content in the flour. Action of modifiers was also assumed in one cross and its reciprocal. A factorial approach to metrical character suggested that the F2 segregation ratios of low pigment content to high pigment content were 3:1, 15:1, 13:3 and 9:7 for the different crosses. Utilization of the findings in a wheat breeding program is briefly discussed.
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    Selection for yield in wheat breeding (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 37-40 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; selection ; single seed descent ; early generation yield tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary If selection based on F3 yield tests is to be effective, the yield tests must be successful in discriminating among yield genotypes. The available literature indicates that simple tests with limited or no replication are not very effective, although more extensive, replicated tests may be. Data from an experiment comparing F3 yield tests with a single seed descent procedure showed that F3 selection based on a two-replicate test with single seed descent procedure did not justify the extra work involved.
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    Stem solidness and its relationship to grain yield in 17 spring wheat crosses (1979)
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    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 89-91 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; stem solidness ; Cephus cinctus ; wheat stem sawfly resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Stem solidness in the wheat plant provides resistance to the wheat stem sawfly, a pest of wheat in Montana and North Dakota, but some agronomists have been concerned that stem solidness might be related to low grain yields. We evaluated 17 spring wheat crosses for stem solidness, grain yield, and other agronomic traits in F2 through F4 generations from 1972 to 1975. Highly significant correlation (0.735) and regression (0.731) coefficients between F2 and F3 generations verify previous studies showing that stem solidness is highly heritable and that selection in F2 should be successful. Solid-stemmed F4 composites yielded more than hollow stemmed composites at Bozeman and equal yields were obtained at Huntley, indicating that stem solidness is not a deterrent to high grain yield.
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    Multiline cultivars — how their resistance influence leaf rust diseases in wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 137-144 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; multiline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To understand how multiline cultivars of wheat develop better protection against leaf rust, seven experimental multilines with 0, 28, 40, 50, 58, 60 and 70% susceptibility were subjected to leaf rust epiphytotics in the field along with their pure line components. A mixture comprising 12 leaf rust races, 10, 11, 12, 17, 20, 63, 77, 106, 107, 108, 162 and 162 A was used. Both the initial inoculum (Xo) and rate of increase (r) of leaf rust were substantially reduced in the multiline cultivars. Xo was reduced by 45–75% and the over-all infection rate (r) by as much as 16% over the average of components. As a result of reduced Xo and r, the intensity of leaf rust in the multilines was also significantly affected at all stages of rust development. It was reduced from 32,10 to 89.54% over the average of components differing from one multiline to another and also from time to time. The susceptible recurrent parent, Kalyansona at the peak period of rust infection exhibited 86.75% severity while in the multilines it ranged from 5.80 to 35%. The rate of increase in the multilines was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the proportion of susceptible plants in the host mixture. Further, it was found that even if as many as 50% susceptible plants are present in a multiline they would not suffer much from leaf rust damage.
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    Selecting superior spring wheat crosses in early generations (1979)
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    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 161-167 
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    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; grain yield ; selection ; progeny bulks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three methods were evaluated as potential aids in identifying superior crosses early in the breeding program: (1) F1 yield, (2) F2 yield, and (3) midparental yield. Two sets of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) crosses and parents were evaluated in replicated single row plots in F1 and in replicated multi-row plots in F2 over a period of five years. On the basis of F1 yields, two of the highest yielding and two of the lowest yielding crosses in each set were chosen for a more detailed selection study in subsequent generations. In Set 1, random F2 head selections for each of the selected four crosses were evaluated in 3-row yield plots in F4. In Set 2, F2 plant selections were made on the basis of head weight and the highest yielding 10% evaluated for yield in F4. Lines of crosses identified as high yielding in F1 had significantly greater mean yields in F4 than those of crosses that were low yielding in F1. The high yielding crosses had three to four times as many lines yielding in the top 10% in F4 than did the low yielding crosses. Correlations for yield were obtained between F1 and F2 in different years, F2 and midparents in the same year, lower or no correlations between F1 and midparents in the same year, and no correlations between F1 and midparent and F2 and midparent in different years. It is suggested that larger plot sizes rather than single rows be used to evaluate parents. Midparental yield, F1 yield and F2 yield tests are recommended as a progressive set of screening tests for a given set of crosses to effectively maintain the superior crosses in the breeding program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029186
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    Inheritance, heritability and breeding behaviour of three sources of resistance to Septoria tritici in wheat (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; backcrosses ; breeding behaviour ; genetic correlation ; heritability ; heading date ; inheritance ; plant height ; Septoria tritici
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We examined the inheritance, heritability, and breeding behaviour of resistance to Septoria tritict in the spring wheat cultivars Seabreeze, Veranopolis, and IAS-20 in crosses to the susceptible Australian spring cultivar Gamenya. Resistance in Seabreeze was higher than that in Veranopolis and IAS-20. Inheritance of resistance in Seabreeze seems to be determined by at least three recessive genes. Resistance in Veranopolis and IAS-20 might be due to a single gene. Similarity of inheritance patterns and breeding behaviour of the resistance from Veranopolis and IAS-20 and the common ancestry of these two cultivars suggest that they may carry the same gene. Standard unit heritabilities of Septoria scores, as measured by correlation of F2 plant with F3 family mean data, were high (57–68%). Parent offspring genetic correlations confirmed previously reported associations between resistance and lateness and resistance and tall plant height, but correlations were not sufficiently high to be a major obstacle to selection. Resistance in Veranopolis and IAS-20 were easily recovered in first backcrosses while that in Sea breeze was more difficult to recover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056596
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    An analysis of genes for resistance against Indian stem rust races in two bread wheat cultivars (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 651-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; Puccinia graminis ; stem rust resistance ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic constitution of two bread wheat accessions from the International Spring Wheat Rust Nurseries (E 5883 and E 6032) has been studied for reaction to four Indian races of stem rust. Analysis of E 5883 has revealed that for each of the races 15C, 21 and 40 a single dominant gene operates for resistance. The dominant gene against race 15C was identified as Sr6. The dominant genes for resistance against races 21 and 40 were found to be different from the genes described so far. Resistance against race 122 is controlled by a single recessive gene producing characteristically a ‘2’ type of reaction. This gene was identified as Sr8. The resistance of E 6032 against each of the races 15C, 21 and 40 is controlled by two genes, one dominant and one recessive, which act independently. Dominant genes effective against 15C, 21 and 40 were conclusively identified as Sr6, Sr5 and Sr9b, respectively. From the correlated behaviour against races 15C and 40 as well as from the phenotypes of the resistance reactions rhe same recessive gene, undescribed so far, operates against the two races. The second recessive gene operating against race 21 was also observed to be different from those so far designated. E 6032 was, however, found to be susceptible to races 122. The presence of Sr6 both in E 5883 and E 6032 against race 15C was further confirmed through F2 and F3 segregation data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038931
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    Photosynthesis, transpiration, resistance to CO2 transfer, and water efficiency of flag leaf of bread wheat, durum wheat and triticale (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; durum wheat ; Triticum durum ; triticale ; Triticale ; photosynthesis ; transpiration ; water efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Net photosynthesis, transpiration, and resistances to CO2 and water vapour transfer of two cultivars of each of four types (Triticum durum, Triticum aestivum. hexaploid Triticale, octaploid Triticale) were analysed. Hexaploid triticales have the highest net photosynthesis and the best water efficiency. Water efficiency was defined by the CER/transpiration ratio measured under saturating irradiance corresponding to full stomatal opening. Cultivated bread and durum wheat cultivars (Capitole, Champlein, Bidi 17) are characterised by a low CER associated with a large flag leaf area and a high mesophyll resistance. There is a close correlation between CER., flag leaf area, mesophyll resistance and total chlorophyll content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056598
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  • 70
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    Environmental and genetic variation for protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; grain protein content ; genetic variation ; harvest-index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary There is a considerable amount of variation in the protein content of wheat kernels. This variation may be induced by environmental factors, but can also be attributed to genetic differences. Within a genotype the correlation between grain yield and grain protein content can be either close to zero, positive, or negative. depending on the fertility level. Between genotypes this correlation is strongly negative. It is argued that the negative inter-genotypic correlation is largely a consequence of the high harvest-index of high yielding varieties. Breeding methods to alleviate the negative yield-protein content relationship are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00056577
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    Physiological studies on grass-dwarf selection lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 769-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat hybrid grass clump dwarfness ; physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Low power heating wires insulated in a flexible plastic strip were used to heat the shoot meristematic region of grass-dwarf genotypes to a precise temperature. The results indicate that the shoot apical meristem is the region requiring 26°C for the initiation of reproductive development in these genotypes. A secondary effect of the reproductive growth induced by high temperature treatments, was a reduction in the high levels of peroxidase enzymes found in vegetative grass-dwarf plants. The heating wire provides a precise method to identify Type I, II and III grass-dwarf genotypes according to their temperature requirements, of 26°C, 21°C and 16°C respectively, for reproductive growth under the same temperature (16 C) and photoperiod (12 hours).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038948
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  • 72
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    Production and genetic characterization of the co-isogenic lines of a common wheat Triticum aestivum CV. S-615 for ten major genes (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 579-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; common wheat ; co-isogenic lines ; pleiotropic effects ; gene transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Co-isogenic lines of a common wheat, Triticum aestivum, cv. S-615 with each of the following ten major genes were produced by repeated backcrosses; The gene C on 2D chromosome for the compactum character, s on 3D for the sphaerococcum character, Hd on 4B, B1 on 5A, and B2 on 6B for awn suppression, Hg on 1A for glume hairiness, Hp on 4A for peduncle hairiness, Ne1 on 5B and Ne2 on 2B for hybrid necrosis, and v1 on 3B for virescence. Seven of them showed the typical mendelian fashion of inheritance, while three others (C, s and v1) were transmitted at lower frequencies than their corresponding normal alleles. The effects of those major genes on 24 characters of cv. S-615 were investigated, which are summarized as follows: C: Increased node diameter, number of spikelets per ear and spike density, but decreased lengths of all ear rachis, awn, anther, empty and outer glumes, and grain, and grain index. s: Increased culm diameter and thickness, and spike density, reduced lengths of all 1st and 2nd internodes, culm, flag leaf, rachis, awn, anther, empty and outer glumes, and grain, and grain index, and accelerated heading. Hd: Increased number of spikelets per ear and anther length, while decreased length of awn, and empty and outer glumes. B1: Increased 1st internode, rachis, and anther lengths, and grain index, but decreased spike density, awn length and grain thickness. B2: Increased rachis length, number of spikelets per ear, empty and outer glume lengths and grain index, but reduced awn length and grain thickness. Hg: No effects. Hp: Increased number of spikelets per ear. Ne1: Accelerated heading, and increased empty glume length. Ne2: Increased node and culm diameters. v1: No effects. Two species-specific genes, C and s, affected a large number of characters expressed in various developmental stages. These genes were found to have pleiotropic effects, namely, they influenced, at least, two groups of interdependent characters. Three awn suppressors influenced a limited number of characters, but no evidence of their pleiotropic effects was obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038924
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    Investigation of the role of prolonged emotional stress in the genesis of hypercholesteremia and hypertension (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 23-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: emotional stress ; hypercholesteremia ; hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In experiments on freely moving rabbits, exposed to prolonged (for 2 h) interrupted stimulation of negative emotiogenic zones of the hypothalamus through implanted electrodes daily for 4 months, the development of a lasting endogenous hypercholesteremia and of a mild but lasting hypertension was observed. Changes in the cholesterol concentration were greater if stimulation continued in conjunction with daily feeding of the rabbits with small doses of methylthiouracil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00800155
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    Analysis of hemodynamic responses to hypothalamic stimulation in waking animals (1979)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 88 (1979), S. 981-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Hypothalamic stimulation ; hypertension ; baroreceptor reflexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on waking cats showed that electrical stimulation of “protective” zones of the hypothalamus leads to development of hypertension and inhibits baroreceptor reflexes. In animals with divided carotid sinus and aortic nerves, threshold hypothalamic stimulation leads to the appearance of depressor responses, whereas above-threshold stimulation evoked depressor-pressor responses. It is suggested that depression of baroreceptor reflexes is one of the mechanisms of the development of hypertension in response to hypothalamic stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799259
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