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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This book is a historical study of the Tajiks in Central Asia from the ancient times to the post-Soviet period. For millennia, these descendants of the original Aryan settlers were part of many different empires set up by Greek, Arab, Turkic and Russian invaders, as well as their own, most notably during the Middle Ages. The emergence of the modern state of Tajikistan began after 1917 under Soviet rule, and culminated in the promulgation of independence from the moribund USSR in 1991. In the subsequent civil war that raged between 1992 and 1997, Tajikistan came close to becoming a failed state. The legacy of that internal conflict remains critical to understanding politics in Tajikistan a generation later. Exploring the patterns of ethnic identity and the exigencies of state formation, the book argues that despite a strong sense of belonging underpinned by shared history, mythology and cultural traits, the Tajiks have not succeeded in forming a consolidated nation. The politics of the Russian colonial administration, the national-territorial delimitation under Stalin, and the Soviet strategy of socio-economic modernisation contributed to the preservation and reification of sub-ethnic cleavages and regional identities. The book demonstrates the impact of region-based elite clans on Tajikistan’s political trajectory in the twilight years of the Soviet era, and identifies objective and subjective factors that led to the civil war. It concludes with a survey of the process of national reconciliation after 1997, and the formal and informal political actors, including Islamist groups, who compete for influence in Tajik society. “Tajikistan: A Political and Social History is the best source of information on this important country in the English language. Drs Nourzhanov and Bleuer present a comprehensive yet detailed account of the past and prospects of this emerging nation, and have filled one of the major gaps in Central Asian scholarship. This book must be read by those who wish to grasp the vagaries of Central Asia’s evolving political and cultural landscapes.” Reuel Hanks, Professor of Geography, Oklahoma State University, and Editor of the Journal of Central Asian Studies. “If Tajikistan is known outside its region, it is often for the civil war that gravely damaged it. This volume authoritatively provides the longer perspective to the unsettling events of the 1990s and skilfully explains them in terms of history, social structure, and sub-state identities. In addition to highlighting a wealth of local factors, it is insightful on the ways in which antagonists can be transformed into broader ethnic and regional blocs. Kirill Nourzhanov and Christian Bleuer are erudite guides to an understudied part of Central Asia, while astutely instructing us about larger patterns of state-society relations and their impact on the logic of conflict.” James Piscatori, Professor of International Relations, Durham University.
    Keywords: history ; tajikistan ; Central Asia ; Dushanbe ; Soviet Union ; Tajiks ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1F Asia::1FC Central Asia::1FCD Tajikistan (Tadzhikistan) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The story of the Communist Party of Australia has been told in various ways. Until now, however, archival collections that have borne on this story have been relatively inaccessible to the ordinary, interested reader. This book begins to redress that deficiency by bringing together 85 key documents from the Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (RGASPI), selected from a collection of thousands of documents concerning the relations between the Communist International and the Communist Party of Australia. The selection focuses on the relationship between the CPA and the Comintern because the activities of the CPA are essentially incomprehensible without understanding the international communist context within which the CPA operated. That context was dominated by the newly-created Soviet state and its decision to authorize and utilize a network of communist parties throughout the world. The documents in this work suggest three major propositions about the relationship between the CPA and the Comintern. First, that the Comintern was crucial in the formation of the CPA, via its emissaries, instructions and authority. Second, that the Comintern played a major role in directing the policies of the CPA in domestic matters (not to mention in international matters, where the Comintern’s decisions were supreme). And third, that the leadership of the CPA was, from 1929 onwards, shaped, trained and authorized by the Comintern. With access to the documents, readers now have a chance not just to hear the voices of the times, but to make their own judgements about the relationship between the CPA and Moscow. The book also includes two extended introductory essays that outline the development of the Comintern and its relations with the CPA, as well as supporting materials that provide information on individuals, organizations and tactics mentioned within the documents themselves.
    Keywords: politics and government ; relations ; australia ; history ; soviet union ; communism ; Capitalism ; Moscow ; Trade union ; Working class ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Volume 19 of the Australian Dictionary of Biography (ADB) contains concise biographies of individuals who died between 1991 and 1995. The first of two volumes for the 1990s, it presents a colourful montage of late twentieth-century Australian life, containing the biographies of significant and representative Australians. The volume is still in the shadow of World War II with servicemen and women who enlisted young appearing, but these influences are dimming and there are now increasing numbers of non-white, non-male, non-privileged and non-straight subjects. The 680 individuals recorded in volume 19 of the ADB include Wiradjuri midwife and Ngunnawal Elder Violet Bulger; Aboriginal rights activist, poet, playwright and artist Kevin Gilbert; and Torres Strait Islander community leader and land rights campaigner Eddie Mabo. HIV/AIDS child activists Tony Lovegrove and Eve Van Grafhorst have entries, as does conductor Stuart Challender, 'the first Australian celebrity to go public' about his HIV/AIDS condition in 1991. The arts are, as always, well-represented, including writers Frank Hardy, Mary Durack and Nene Gare, actors Frank Thring and Leonard Teale and arts patron Ian Potter. We are beginning to see the effects of the steep rise in postwar immigration flow through to the ADB. Artist Joseph Stanislaw Ostoja-Kotkowski was born in Poland. Pilar Moreno de Otaegui, co-founded the Spanish Club of Sydney. Chinese restaurateur and community leader Ming Poon (Dick) Low migrated to Victoria in 1953. Often we have a dearth of information about the domestic lives of our subjects; politician Olive Zakharov, however, bravely disclosed at the Victorian launch of the federal government’s campaign to Stop Violence Against Women in 1993 that she was a survivor of domestic violence in her second marriage. Take a dip into the many fascinating lives of the Australian Dictionary of Biography.
    Keywords: history ; biography ; Dictionary ; Australian ; ADB ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general::DNBZ Collected biographies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GB Encyclopaedias and reference works::GBC Reference works::GBCB Dictionaries of biography
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: While the economic involvement of early modern Germany in slavery and the slave trade is increasingly receiving attention, the direct participation of Germans in human trafficking remains a blind spot in historiography. This edited volume focuses on practices of enslavement taking place within German territories in the early modern period as well as on the people of African, Asian, and Native American descent caught up in them.
    Keywords: Slavery ; Germany ; Atlantic history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHD European history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTQ Colonialism and imperialism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTR National liberation and independence ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTS Slavery and abolition of slavery
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This monograph provides an overview of research into disasters from a historical perspective, making two new contributions. First, it introduces the field of ‘disaster studies’ to history, showing how we can use history to better understand how societies deal with shocks and hazards and their potentially disastrous outcomes. Second, we introduce historians to the topic of disasters and the field of disaster studies, and explicitly show the relevance of studying past disasters to better understand the social, economic, and political functioning of past societies.
    Keywords: history ; disaster studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: In 1937 and 1938 her journals give an interesting view of the networks between museumstafs, art dealers, art scholars and artists just before the outbreak of World War II.
    Description: Die Aufzeichnungen von 1937 und 1938 geben einen interessanten Überblick über die Netzwerke zwischen Museumsmitarbeitern, Kunsthändlern, Kunstgelehrten und Künstlern in der Zeit vor dem Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkriegs.
    Keywords: Vienna ; art ; culture ; history ; women ; jewish ; Wien ; Kunst ; Kultur ; Geschichte ; Frauen ; Jüdisch ; Tizian
    Language: German
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  • 7
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Refugee Journeys presents stories of how governments, the public and the media have responded to the arrival of people seeking asylum, and how these responses have impacted refugees and their lives. Mostly covering the period from 1970 to the present, the chapters provide readers with an understanding of the political, social and historical contexts that have brought us to the current day. This engaging collection of essays also considers possible ways to break existing policy deadlocks, encouraging readers to imagine a future where we carry vastly different ideas about refugees, government policies and national identities.
    Keywords: refugees ; Australia ; history ; Detention ; Immigration law ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSR Aid and relief programmes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVH Human rights, civil rights
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The Bukovina is the first crown land of this edition project situated completely outside today’s Austrian territory. On the basis of the land register of Francis I and using a proven analytic method, this volume is the first systematic edition of comprehensive sources of social, economic and societal history for an entire region and makes them available for further research.
    Description: Der Franziszeische Kataster war der erfolgreiche Versuch, in der Habsburgermonarchie erstmals einen einheitlichen Rechtsraum im Hinblick auf Bodenbewertung und Steuerwesen herzustellen. Die Bukowina ist das erste in dieser Form umfangreich dokumentierte Kronland, das sich vollständig außerhalb des heutigen Österreichs befindet. Unter Zugrundelegung des Franziszeischen Katasters wird diese Region in einer Quellenedition erstmals systematisch aufbereitet.
    Keywords: Cadastre ; Land Register ; Habsburg Monarchy ; Bukovina ; 19th Century ; Franz I ; Franziszeischer Kataster ; Bukowina ; Habsburgermonarchie ; Franz I. ; 19. Jahrhundert ; Czernowitz ; Rădăuți ; Sereth ; Suceava ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: Historiography and literature are verbal representations of actions and events that either have happened or could happen in the human lifeworld. As such, they possess an uncanny ‘family resemblance’ that has impelled theorists since Antiquity to define the limits of the two ‘sister arts.’ Historiographical texts, from one point of view, are liable to veer towards fiction.
    Keywords: history ; literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This edited collection understands exploration as a collective effort and experience involving a variety of people in diverse kinds of relationships. It engages with the recent resurgence of interest in the history of exploration by focusing on the various indigenous intermediaries – Jacky Jacky, Bungaree, Moowattin, Tupaia, Mai, Cheealthluc and lesser-known individuals – who were the guides, translators, and hosts that assisted and facilitated European travellers in exploring different parts of the world. These intermediaries are rarely the authors of exploration narratives, or the main focus within exploration archives. Nonetheless the archives of exploration contain imprints of their presence, experience and contributions. The chapters present a range of ways of reading archives to bring them to the fore. The contributors ask new questions of existing materials, suggest new interpretive approaches, and present innovative ways to enhance sources so as to generate new stories.
    Keywords: travel ; history ; indigenous people ; exploration ; Aboriginal Australians ; Bungaree ; James Cook ; Lindt & Sprüngli ; Noongar ; Tupaia (navigator) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history
    Language: English
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: In an article entitled “Per una nuova valutazione del Quattrocento francese” published in 1957 on the threshold of the first booklet of "Studi Francesi", Franco Simone affirmed that philological restitution of texts and understanding of their place inside the culture that had products were the premise essential, before any exegesis or critical interpretation, to achieve a redefinition of overly limited historiographical paradigms in which the French literature from the late Middle Ages had been located until that time. We know that the research of the Italian scientist has powerfully dissipated the historiographical myth of the 15th century Gothic opposed to the blooming of Italian culture, for the benefit of an enhancement of wealth and fertility a period which testifies, among other things, to an acute historical awareness and of great interest for the ancient tradition, as well as for the great founders of Italian Humanism; in the following decades, synergistic efforts specialists largely trained in French, Belgian and Italian schools have resulted in the publication of numerous studies and editions in the field of literature in French medium, in favor of the base for a imposing critical work that has refined, corrected and deepened the suggested perspective formerly by the author of La coscienza della rinascita negli umanisti francesi.
    Description: Dans un article intitulé « Per una nuova valutazione del Quattrocento francese » paru en 1957 au seuil du premier fascicule des « Studi Francesi », Franco Simone1 affirmait que la restitution philologique des textes et la compréhension de leur place à l’intérieur de la culture qui les avait produits étaient la prémisse indispensable, avant toute exégèse ou interprétation critique, pour parvenir à une redéfinition des paradigmes historiographiques trop limités dans lesquels la littérature française du Moyen Âge tardif avait été située jusqu’à cette époque. On sait que les recherches du savant italien ont contribué puissamment à dissiper le mythe historiographique d’un XVe siècle gothique opposé à l’efflorescence de la culture italienne, au profit d’une valorisation de la richesse et de la fécondité d’une période qui témoigne, entre autres, d’une conscience historique aiguë et d’un grand intérêt pour la tradition antique, ainsi que pour les grands fondateurs de l’Humanisme italien ; dans les décennies suivantes, les efforts synergiques de spécialistes formés en grande partie à l’école française, belge et italienne ont abouti à la publication de nombreuses études et éditions dans le domaine de la littérature en moyen français, en fournissant la base pour un travail critique imposant qui a affiné, corrigé et approfondi la perspective suggérée autrefois par l’auteur de La coscienza della rinascita negli umanisti francesi.
    Keywords: history ; Cicero ; 15th century ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBB Literary studies: ancient, classical and medieval ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHF Medieval Western philosophy
    Language: French
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  • 12
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This is the first monograph about the Austro-American Composer Max Steiner (1888-1971), one of the great pioneers of film music in the so-called Golden Age of Hollywood. In the early 1930ies with his visionary energy he helped to establish symphonic film music as an integrated part in the film production process. In contrary to many of his colleagues, Mr. Steiner had devoted himself completely to film music. Therefore the preoccupation with Max Steiner's music gives a very valuable insight into the craft of film composing. Supported by many quotes and music examples, the first part of this monograph shows how Mr. Steiner wrote his film music. From the first viewing and the spotting session to the final exact timing of the cues, the whole creative and technical process of his film composing is demonstrated. The music of Max Steiner has a couple of quasi formulaic elements: the regular use of leitmotifs, quotations from his own music and the accurate synchronisation of screen action and music cues (with its extreme form, the so-called mickey mousing). The principles of the subjective use of harmonies as well as the technique of instrumentation are shown. The reader will also learn about the special relationship between composer and orchestrator. This distinctive form of collaboration was typical for the Hollywood cinema of the 30ies and 40ies of the 20th century, the so called Golden Age and still is today. Because the studios wanted to save the precious time of their employed composers, they wanted them to write their music on sketch paper with two to four staves, with the themes, voice leadings, harmonies and basic requirements of instrumentation. Then the orchestrator had to transform this into a complete score. Throughout his whole career, Mr. Steiner had been working with three orchestrators. This collaboration reached such an intuitive level, that is was sufficient that Max Steiner wrote only rudimentary musical information. When these sketches had been transformed into scores, Steiner conducted the studio orchestra, where he normally used the click. The second part of the book is based to a big extent on Steiner's yet unpublished autobiography. Born at the end of the 19th century in Vienna, Max Steiner was considered a musical wunderkind. His father as well as his grandfather before him was a famous theatre impresario. One of his teachers was Gustav Mahler. Steiner's first career as composer, arranger and conductor of operettas and musicals led him from Vienna to London and New York and lasted about 30 years. Then, in 1929, he got a call from Hollywood where he fulfilled his determination as dean of film music (Bette Davis). In the 50ies, when the symphonic film music lost its acceptance also Max Steiner's amount of work decreased. In 1965 he wrote his last of more than 300 scores. With the help of original documents from the archive of Warner Bros., such as memos, letters or billings the reader will get a three dimensional insight not only about how the movie Casablanca was made but on the mechanisms of the movie industry as a whole. Parts of the original sketches and the score of the music for Casablanca have been carefully transformed into a piano reduction to demonstrate even more clearly the efficient use of his skills and the yet highly artistic approach of Mr. Steiner Furthermore an example of this film music is compared to an excerpt of Richard Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen. There the reader will see how film music was not only inspired by but precisely obtained musical tools from the late romantic music theatre. Or, in Max Steiner's own words: "If Wagner would have lived in this century, he would be the number one film composer". Max Steiner is an outstanding protagonist of a generation of European immigrants who formed the cultural life in the USA. He is an important link between his native city Vienna and his new homeland America and through composers such as Steiner the tradition of the late European romantic m
    Description: Dies ist die erste Monographie über den austro-amerikanischen Komponisten Max Steiner (1888-1971), einen der großen Pioniere der Filmmusik des so genannten Goldenen Zeitalters Hollywoods. Es ist Max Steiners Verdienst, in den frühen 1930ern die sinfonische Filmmusik als gleichberechtigten und dramaturgisch unerlässlichen Bestandteil im Produktionsprozess der Filmindustrie Hollywoods durchgesetzt und etabliert zu haben. Steiner hat sich, im Gegensatz zu vielen seiner Kollegen, gänzlich der Filmmusik verschrieben. Daher verschafft einem die Beschäftigung mit Max Steiner einen guten Einblick, wie Filmmusik wirklich funktioniert. Unterstützt von vielen Zitaten und Notenbeispielen wird im ersten Teil der Monographie gezeigt, wie Max Steiner seine Filmmusik geschrieben hat. Dies beginnt bei der ersten Annäherung an den fertig geschnittenen Film, der schrittweisen Einteilung des Filmes und dem Festsetzen der cues. Max Steiners Musik beinhaltet verschiedene gleichsam formulaische Gestaltungsmerkmale: umfassender Gebrauch von Leitmotiven, häufiges Zitieren eigener Musik, punktgenaues Synchronisieren von Leinwandaktion und Musik, bis hin zum so genannten Mickey Mousing. Der subjektive Gebrauch der Harmonien und die Grundprinzipien der Instrumentierung werden erläutert, sowie die für die Filmmusik auch heute noch typische Kooperation zwischen Komponist und Orchestrator, bei welcher die Komponisten nur die wichtigsten musikalischen Informationen in zwei- bis vierzeilige Notensysteme schreiben, und die Orchestrator dies dann in fertige Partituren ausarbeiten. Während seiner gesamten Karriere arbeitete Steiner lediglich mit drei Orchestrierern. Diese Zusammenarbeit erreichte ein sehr hohes intuitives Niveau, so dass Steiner oftmals nur noch rudimentäre Angaben in seinen Skizzen gemacht hat. Seine Filmmusiken dirigierte er stets selbst, wobei er nach eigenen Angaben fast immer mit Klick arbeitete. Der biographische Teil stützt sich im Wesentlichen auf die bisher unveröffentlichte Autobiographie Max Steiners. Steiner, geboren im Wien des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts, war nach heutigen Vorstellungen ein musikalisches Wunderkind. Sein Vater war, ebenso wie bereits sein Großvater, ein wichtiger Theaterimpresario. Einer seiner Lehrer war Gustav Mahler. Steiners erste Karriere als Komponist, Arrangeur und Dirigent von Operetten und Musicals dauerte an die dreißig Jahre und umfasste die Stationen Wien, London und New York, bevor ihn 1929 der Ruf nach Hollywood ereilte, wo sich seine Bestimmung als Dean of Film Music (Bette Davis) erfüllen sollte. In den fünfziger Jahren, als die Bedeutung der sinfonischen Filmmusik im Allgemeinen abzunehmen begann, verblasste auch langsam Steiners Stern. 1965 schrieb er die letzte von über 300 Filmmusiken. Im dritten Teil wird zum einen mit Hilfe von Originaldokumenten wie Memos oder Briefen und Abrechnungen die genaue Entstehungsgeschichte des Filmes Casablanca nachgezeichnet. Der Leser bekommt zudem aus erster Hand einen Einblick in die Mechanismen der Filmindustrie. Zum anderen wurden Teile der Originalskizzen Steiners sowie der fertigen Partitur zu dieser Filmmusik vom Autor dieses Buches in Klavierauszüge umgewandelt, um so anschaulich zu dokumentieren, wie ökonomisch und dennoch musikalisch stimmig und kunstvoll Max Steiner gearbeitet hat. Darüber hinaus wird durch einen Vergleich einer Passage dieser Filmmusik mit Auszügen aus Wagners Ring des Nibelungen dem Leser veranschaulicht, wie sehr die Filmmusik nicht nur ihre Inspiration, sondern ganz konkrete kompositorische Prinzipien vom spätromantischen Musiktheater übernommen hat. Oder, wie Steiner es einmal ausdrückte: "If Wagner would have lived in this century, he would be the number one film composer". Max Steiner ist einer der herausragenden Protagonisten einer Generation von europäischen Einwanderern, die das kulturelle Leben der USA nachhaltig geprägt haben. Er ist ein wichtiges Bindeglied zwischen seiner Geburtsstadt Wien und seiner neuen Heimat Amerika
    Keywords: Film Music ; Biography ; Cinema ; Musical science ; Musicology ; History of Music ; Casablanca ; Filmmusik ; Max Steiner ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The monograph focuses on the “genius” as a figure of knowledge and representation in two discoursive and medial settings: first, texts from the Humanities and theory of science, in particular published between 1890 and 1920, and, second, subset feature films since the mid-1980ties, which re-echo the ‘cult of the genius’. The “genius” is considered to be a figure by which newly constituted academic disciplines managed to build up their professional identity, legitimated their methodologies, and reassured themselves of their own intellectual and creative powers. Furthermore, the book shows how imaginations of “ingenious” artists and masterminds, that refer to this historical period, are depicted in selected movies since the mid 1980ties.
    Description: Die Frage, wem die Auszeichnung „Genie“ gebühre, wurde vor hundert Jahren in unterschiedlichen geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und in vielfältigen literarischen Texten überaus hitzig debattiert. Die Monographie wirft einen Blick auf die epistemologischen Funktionen sowie rassistischen und geschlechterspezifischen Implikationen der Wissensfigur „Genie“ und zeigt, wie sich der geisteswissenschaftliche Geniekult um 1900 in der späteren populären Filmkultur widerspiegelt.Die Frage, wem die Auszeichnung Genie gebühre, wurde vor hundert Jahren in geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen und in literarisch-philosophischen Texten, z. B. von Walter Benjamin, Jakob Wassermann, Otto Weininger und Edgar Zilsel, hitzig debattiert. Die Monographie wirft einen Blick auf die glorifizierenden Zuschreibungen und epistemologischen Funktionen, die der Wissensfigur „Genie“ in der damaligen Scientific Community zugewiesen wurden. Sie untersucht, wie sich Vertreter vor allem neuerer Fachdisziplinen mithilfe der Geniefigur ihrer eigenen intellektuellen und schöpferischen Potenz versicherten, welche politischen, rassistischen und geschlechterspezifischen Implikationen das „Genie“ in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts transportierte und wie sich der geisteswissenschaftliche Geniekult um 1900 in der späteren Populärkultur, ausgewählten Spielfilmen ab Mitte der 1980er Jahre, widerspiegelt.
    Keywords: Genius ; Cult of the Genius around 1900 ; History of Knowledge and Science ; Interdisciplinary Humanities ; Media Studies ; Contemporary History ; Cultural History ; Genie ; Geniekult um 1900 ; Wissens- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Interdisziplinäre Geisteswissenschaften ; Medienwissenschaft ; Zeitgeschichte ; Kulturgeschichte ; Genie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: ‘What I have sought to do in my work is to give voiceless people a voice, place and purpose, the sense of dignity and inner strength that comes from never giving up no matter how difficult the circumstances. History belongs as much to the vanquished as to the victors.’ — Brij V. Lal. ‘Professor Brij Lal is the finest historian of the Indian indentured experience and the Indian diaspora. His Girmitiyas is a classic.’ — Emeritus Professor Clem Seecharan, London Metropolitan University. ‘Brij Lal is a highly respected, versatile and imaginative scholar who has made a lasting contribution to the historiography of the Pacific.’ — Dr Rod Alley, Victoria University of Wellington. ‘Professor Brij Lal’s life is a remarkable journey of a scholar and an intellectual whose writings are truly transformative; a man of moral clarity and courage who also has deep pain at being cut off from his homeland.’ — Professor Michael Wesley, Dean of the College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University. ‘Brij Lal is a singular scholar, whose work has spanned disciplines – from history, political commentary, encyclopedia, biography and “faction”. Brij is without doubt the most eminent scholar in the humanities and social sciences Fiji has ever produced. He also remains one of the most significant public intellectuals of his country, despite having been banned from entering it in 2009.’ — Emeritus Professor Clive Moore, University of Queensland. ‘Brij Lal is an accomplished and versatile historian and true son of Fiji. Above all, there is affirmation here of the enduring worth of good literature and the value of good education that Lal received and wants others to experience. The world needs more Lals who speak out against ruling opinions and dare to stray into the pastures of independent thought.’ — Professor Doug Munro, historian and biographer, Wellington, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Queensland
    Keywords: Fiji ; history ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MK Oceania ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: This volume of the Peacebuilding Compared Project examines the sources of the armed conflict and coup in the Solomon Islands before and after the turn of the millennium. The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) has been an intensive peacekeeping operation, concentrating on building ‘core pillars’ of the modern state. It did not take adequate notice of a variety of shadow sources of power in the Solomon Islands, for example logging and business interests, that continue to undermine the state’s democratic foundations. At first RAMSI’s statebuilding was neither very responsive to local voices nor to root causes of the conflict, but it slowly changed tack to a more responsive form of peacebuilding. The craft of peace as learned in the Solomon Islands is about enabling spaces for dialogue that define where the mission should pull back to allow local actors to expand the horizons of their peacebuilding ambition.
    Keywords: ethnic conflict ; politics and government ; solomon islands ; history ; peace building ; Guadalcanal ; Honiara ; Peacebuilding ; Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTJ Peace studies & conflict resolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Digitale Technologien und Methoden haben in den vergangenen Jahren immer mehr Einfluss auf die geisteswissenschaftliche Forschung gewonnen. Dies gilt nicht minder fur das achtzehnte Jahrhundert: In allen einschlagigen Fachbereichen werden seit Jahren Texte, Bilder und Metadaten digital generiert, verarbeitet, analysiert und prasentiert. Ergebnis ist eine bisher nie dagewesene Konfrontation mit quantifizierenden Methoden auch in qualitativ arbeitenden Disziplinen sowie die Notwendigkeit einer Auseinandersetzung mit nationalen und globalen Datenstandards. Diese Standards entscheiden uber die Interoperabilitat - gewissermassen die internationale Anschlussfahigkeit - der Daten und somit uber die Nachhaltigkeit der eigenen Forschung. Die Osterreichische Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts widmet ihr 34. Jahrbuch 2019 dem Thema der digitalen Forschung zum 18. Jahrhundert in Zentraleuropa. Die einzelnen vorgestellten Beitrage sind nicht nur Projektberichte, sondern referieren die Ergebnisse digital durchgefuhrter Forschungsarbeit. Sie eroffnen ein Panorama der moglichen methodischen Zugange, von den Bildwissenschaften uber Netzwerkanalyse und -darstellung hin zu digitaler Edition, Korpuslinguistik und digitaler Sprachwissenschaft sowie der Vernetzung von Forschungsdaten mit den Daten von Kulturerbe-Institutionen.
    Keywords: History ; General ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 17
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The Balkans and the Near East share millennia of a shared history, which stretches from sedentarization in early history to the 20th century. In the Neolithic period, in Mesopotamia and in the Balkans basic techniques and skills were developed on which Europe and the Islamic world could be based later on. Thus, for example, in the centres of "Ancient Europe" - in the middle basin of the Danube River - already in the 5th millennium people experimented with early script systems, long before the first cuneiform texts in Mesopotamia and the hieroglyph texts in ancient Egypt became in use. The "division of labour" between the various scholarly disciplines in the fields of Balkan studies and Near (Middle) East studies resulted in the separation of a shared history into a Southeast European or Balkan history on the one hand and a history of the Near (Middle) East on the other hand. It is therefore the aim of the monograph to unite the separated histories to a joint one. Since this cannot be done by the simple operation of adding up two histories, the volume opens new perspectives. A comparable historiographical piece of work does not yet exist. The geographical space covered by the text extends between Bosnia in the west, the Iraq in the east and the Arabic Peninsula and Egypt in the south. The composition of the material is based on regional and temporal comparison. Specifically, temporal comparison constitutes a great challenge, because approximately 10,000 years are covered. The book is organized by topics and comprises 17 chapters, 455 manuscript pages and approximately 120 graphs and photographs. Conceptualized as an introductory text, the book may also interest a wider public. The style of writing is generally intelligible and addresses for instance the burning contemporary tensions between Islam and Europe. In addition, topics such as history of religion, historical-anthropological, economic, cultural as well as questions of gender relations are addressed on a principal basis.
    Description: Der Balkan und der Nahe Osten teilen eine Tausende von Jahren währende gemeinsame Geschichte, die von der Sesshaftwerdung in der Frühgeschichte bis in das 20. Jahrhundert reicht. In Mesopotamien und auf dem Balkan wurden in der Jungsteinzeit jene Techniken und Fertigkeiten entwickelt, auf denen später Europa und die islamische Welt aufbauen konnten. So wurde beispielsweise in den Zentren "Alteuropas" - entlang der mittleren Donau - ab dem 5. Jahrtausend bereits mit frühen Schriftsystemen experimentiert, ehe die ersten Keilschrifttexte in Mesopotamien und die Hieroglyphenschrift Ägyptens entwickelt werden sollte. Die "Arbeitsteilung" zwischen einzelnen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen hat es mit sich gebracht, dass diese gemeinsame Geschichte immer wieder aufs Neue gesondert geschrieben wurde: einerseits als Geschichte des Balkans oder des südöstlichen Europa, andererseits als Geschichte des Nahen Ostens. Das zur Publikation anstehende Buch hat das Ziel, diese gesondert betrachteten Geschichten zu einer gemeinsamen zusammenzuführen und entwirft somit eine völlig neue Perspektive. Eine vergleichbar konzipierte Darstellung wurde noch nicht unternommen. Geografisch gesehen erstreckt sich die Darstellung zwischen Bosnien im Westen, dem Irak im Osten und der Arabischen Halbinsel und Ägypten im Süden. Die Darstellung des Stoffes ist auf regionalen und temporalen Vergleichen aufgebaut. Insbesondere der temporale Vergleich stellt eine Herausforderung dar, weil der Zeitraum ca. 10000 Jahre umfasst. Das nach Themenbereichen geordnete Buch ist in 17 Kapitel gegliedert und umfasst 455 Manuskriptseiten mit rund 120 Abbildungen. Als eine Einführung für Studierende konzipiert, kann das Werk auch ein allgemein interessiertes Publikum ansprechen. Der Text ist allgemein-verständlich gehalten und geht insbesondere auch auf das gegenwärtige Spannungsverhältnis zwischen dem Islam und Europa ein. Des Weiteren werden religionsgeschichtliche, historisch-anthropologische, ökonomische, kulturelle wie auch Fragen der Geschlechtergeschichte grundsätzlich beleuchtet.
    Keywords: Balkans ; History ; Near East ; Religion ; Gender ; Historical Anthrolpology ; Osmanisches Reich ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 18
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Although small and not particularly peoples both Chechens and Palestinians became famous for suicide bomber attacks in recent years. This can - partly - be explained by the unrecognised collective traumas of the past. Both Chechens and Palestinians experienced collective traumas in the 1940ties. The entire Chechen population wad deported by Josef Stalin to Kasakhstan, Kirgysia and Sibiria in February 1944 under the pretext of collaboration with the Third Reich. Those who survived were allowed to return in 1957 to Chechenya. Half of the Palestinian Arab population was expelled from Palestine in 1947/48, when fighting erupted between Jews and Arabs. The refugees were never allowed to return. The memory of the deportation/expulsion was kept alive. The founding traumas contributed to the development of Chechen and Palestinian nationalism. Chechens and Palestinians till today suffer from their collective traumas, which stayed unrecognised and therefore create psychological and political problems for the following generations - and for their adverseries. The phenomenon of the "closed circle of violence" created a phobic collective behaviour, which led for example Chechens to the illusionary declaration of independence in 1991. It also led to the individual overreaction of young Chechens or Palestinians, who became living bombs. The collective Trauma, if untreated, poses a threat to any peaceful political solution.
    Description: 1. Einleitung Ausgehend von der Fragestellung, warum gerade bei Tschetschenen und Palästinensern der Selbstmordterrorismus in den letzten Jahren so populär geworden ist, analysiert die Autorin die Geschichte dieser beiden Völker. Einer der Gründe ist bisher wenig beachtet worden. Der Einfluss eines kollektiven Traumas, das als solches nicht anerkannt, behandelt und auch nicht einer politischen Lösung zugeführt wurde. 2. Geschichte der Palästinenser und Tschetschenen Im Zuge der Errichtung Israels im Unabhängigkeitskrieg 1948 verlor die Hälfte des palästinensischen Volkes - 750.000 Menschen - ihre Heimat. Unter der Führung von Jassir Arafat kämpften sie in den Jahrzehnten danach - mit Gewalt und am Verhandlungstisch - um einen eigenen Staat. Das Recht auf Rückkehr spielte dabei immer eine besondere Rolle. Die "Nakbah", die als Katastrophe empfundene Vertreibung 1948, wurde dabei Bezugs- und Angelpunkt mehrer Generationen von Flüchtlingen. Die Weigerung Israels, die Mitverantwortung für die Vertreibung der Palästinenser zu übernehmen und das kollektive Trauma der Palästinenser anzuerkennen - aus Angst vor einer Infragestellung des eigenen Staates - ist einer der Gründe, warum der Nahostkonflikt bisher nicht gelöst werden konnte. Auch die Tschetschenen durften jahrzehntelang über die Deportation ihres Volkes nicht einmal sprechen. Hatte Josef Stallin sie erst unter dem Vorwand der Kollaboration mit Nazi-Deutschland deportiert, waren sie zwar nach seinem Tod in die Heimat zurückgekehrt, lebten dort aber jahrzehntelang weiterhin als "unzuverlässiges Volk". Das kollektive Trauma der Deportation konnte nur mündlich überliefert werden. Mit dem Zusammenbruch der Sowjetunion brach der ungelöste Konflikt zwischen Tschetschenien und Russland sofort auf, das Land ging in blutigen Kriegen unter. 3. Zusammenfassung Die kollektive Erinnerung ist in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zu einem zentralen Forschungsthema geworden. Der vorsichtige Einsatz von in der Individualpsychologie gewonnenen Erkenntnissen in der Behandlung von kollektiven Traumata, um zu einer politischen Lösung zu kommen, ist eine Chance. Das Studium historischer Fakten in Kombination mit den Erkenntnissen der Psychologie und Psychiatrie bietet die Basis für eine politische Lösung. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass kollektive Traumata, die nicht behandelt werden, immer wieder, auch Generationen später, zu kollektiven Reaktionen führen können, die auf den ersten Blick irrational erscheinen. Die vielleicht radikalste Form des politischen Widerstandes, das Selbstmordattentat, ist dafür ein Beispiel.
    Keywords: Trauma ; Terror ; Palestinians ; Suicide attacks ; Recognition ; Chechens ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: A Time Bomb Lies Buried discusses the debates which took place in Suva and London as well as the politics and processes which led Fiji to independence in 1970 after 96 years of colonial rule. It provides an essential background to understanding the crises and convulsions which have haunted Fiji ever since in its search for a constitutional settlement for its multiethnic population.
    Keywords: politics and government ; independence movements ; history ; autonomy ; fiji ; Fijians ; Indo-Fijians ; London ; Open constituencies ; Suva ; United Kingdom ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Why we do what we do is a matter of great interest to everyone, and everyone seems to have had their say about it – philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, psychologists, economists, and historians perhaps the most, case by case. Occasionally the specialists have offered their ideas to a general readership, but mostly they prefer to speak to and with their fellows in their particular disciplines. To evaluate and compare their findings in a cross-disciplinary way is now for the first time attempted, by Ramsay MacMullen. Emeritus history professor from Yale University, he is the recipient of various academic awards, including a lifetime Award for Scholarly Distinction from the American Historical Association.
    Keywords: D1-2009 ; H1-99 ; emotions ; Motivation ; social sciences ; culture ; history ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Dr Parke’s monograph examines how Fijians, especially in western areas of Fiji, currently understand and explain the origins and development of the social and political divisions of late pre-colonial traditional Fijian society. It assesses the reasoning, consistency and, where possible, the historical accuracy of such understandings. The oral history research which forms the backbone of the study was conducted in either standard Fijian or one or other of the western Fijian dialects with which Dr Parke was familiar. The period on which the monograph concentrates is the two centuries or so immediately prior to the Deed of Cession on 10 October 1874. A number of the major chiefs of Fiji had offered to cede Fiji to Queen Victoria; and after the offer had been accepted, Fiji became a British Crown Colony on that day. The volume will be of interest to all archaeologists, anthropologists and historians with an interest in Fiji. It will also be of wider interest to Pacific Studies scholars and those of British colonial history as well as historians with a wider interest in indigenous traditional histories and their role in governance today.
    Keywords: culture ; history ; fiji ; Degei ; Fijians ; Mataqali ; Nadi ; Nawaka Scout Jamboree ; Polity ; Rakiraki District ; Terra Australis ; Yasawa Islands ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MK Oceania::1MKL Melanesia::1MKLF Fiji
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Anthropology; Archeology; Social life; Customs; History; Asia; Madagascar; Islands of the pacific
    Keywords: archeology ; history ; madagascar ; asia ; customs ; social life ; islands of the pacific ; anthropology ; Austronesian languages ; Austronesian peoples ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the year 1999 the project of the inventarisation of the historic gardens in Austria, financed by the Austrian Science Fund FWF was finished with the manuscript “Historic Gardens in Austria. Gardens and Parks from the Renaissance to 1930”. Since 1984 this project was in charge of the author with some other co-workers at the Technical University of Vienna, Department of Landscape Planning and Garden History. This first Austrian inventory tended to consider public and private gardens, parks and artistically formed landscapes of all nine Austrian states from the Renaissance to about 1930 in a systematic manner. In the years of the inventarisation over 1750 historic gardens and parks were discovered, photographed and described. For the publication this numerous and mostly unknown quantity of gardens and parks was arranged in typological groups: gardens and parks of ecclesiastic dwelling-houses as monasteries, convents and cloisters, episcopal and provost buildings, parsonages, gardens and parks of profane buildings as castles, chateaus, palaces, manor-houses, country-houses, villas, dwelling-buildings, development houses, farmhouses, mills, factories, public buildings (monumental buildings) of culture (museum, theatre), education (school, university, botanic garden, arboretum), healing and welfare work (hospital, sanatorium, old people´s home, residential home, youth welfare home), administration (office, embassy), catering and hotel industry and tourism ( hotel, inn, restaurant), sport, recreation and leisure ( swimming-bath, shooting-stand, amusement park, leisure centre), public gardens and parks (without any main-building) as green places, village parks, town parks, village woods, town woods, parks of a spa, memorial parks, promenades, green outside staircases. With the elaboration of the results of the inventarisation, with the consideration of the trade literature, historic maps, plans, views, pictures and other source materials it was possible to present the first documentation of the existing historic gardens and parks in Austria in three volumes, published 2002-2004 (Böhlau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar). This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic garden substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage. The second volume of the inventarisation of the historic gardens and parks in Austria presents the public and private gardens of the Austrian states Upper Austria, Salzburg, Vorarlberg, Carinthia, Styria and Tyrol. This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic gardens substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage.
    Description: Im zweiten Band der Bestandsaufnahme der historischen Gärten und Parks Österreichs werden die Gartenanlagen in Oberösterreich, Salzburg, Vorarlberg, Kärnten, Steiermark und Tirol vorgestellt. Die flächendeckende Übersicht macht den reichen Bestand an historischer Gartensubstanz bekannt, stellt erste Grundlagen für die weitere wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit der österreichischen Gartenkunst und Gartenkultur zur Verfügung und bietet erste Informationen für Maßnahmen zur Sicherung und Erhaltung dieses wichtigen kulturellen Erbes.
    Keywords: historic gardens ; historic parks ; public open spaces ; garden history ; garden art ; garden culture ; garden inventory ; cultural heritage ; garden preservation ; garden conservation ; historische Gärten ; historische Parks ; Inventarisierung historischer Gärten ; Erfassung historischer Gärten ; Gartenkunst ; Gartenkultur ; Barock ; Graz ; Salzburg ; Steiermark ; Villa ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 24
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: 1971 was a critical year for India and Pakistan and also for West and East Germany. The Third India–Pakistan War led to the independence of Bangladesh, at the same time that the German–German policy of détente sought to surmount the East–West conflict. The global Cold War influenced both regional conflicts and linked them to each other. However, at their points of intersection, they were also bounded by the influence of the great powers.
    Keywords: Cold War ; Bangladesh Liberation War ; Détente ; Diplomatic History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHB General and world history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHG Middle Eastern history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history
    Language: German
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  • 25
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "Photography has been a key means by which Australians have sought to define their relationships with Japan. From the fascination with all things Japanese in the late nineteenth century, through the era of ‘White Australia’, the bitter enmity of the Pacific War, the path to reconciliation in the post-war period and the culturally complicated bilateralism of today, Australians have used their cameras to express a divided sense of conflict and kinship with a country that has by turns fascinated and infuriated. The remarkable photographs collected and discussed here for the first time shed new light on the history of Australia’s engagement with its most important regional partner. Pacific Exposures argues that photographs tell an important story of cultural production, response and reaction—not only about how Australians have pictured Japan over the decades, but how they see their own place in the Asia-Pacific. ‘Pacific Exposures presents the first study of the photographic exchanges between Australia and Japan—its photographers, personalities, motivations, anxieties and tensions—based on a diverse range of archival materials, interviews, and well-chosen photographs.’ — Dr Luke Gartlan, University of St Andrews ‘[Pacific Exposures] will become a key text on Australia’s interactions with Japan, and the way that photographs can inform cross-cultural relations through their production, consumption and circulation.’ — Prof. Kate Darian-Smith, University of Tasmania"
    Keywords: Photography ; History ; Japan ; Australia ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1F Asia::1FP East Asia, Far East::1FPJ Japan ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MB Australia and New Zealand / Aotearoa::1MBF Australia ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AJ Photography and photographs ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Humanities; Research; History
    Keywords: history ; research ; humanities ; Australia ; Australian National University ; Canberra ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This book represents the first critical survey of a section of a rich Australian corpus of chamber music. The author has included various instrumental combinations with piano as well as vocal music with piano. The survey is chronological, as well as by composer. An appendix to the work provides source material for future research into this area. The research has concentrated on progressive modernist music by Australian composers. The commentary utilises the author’s rich experience as composer, pianist and educator.
    Keywords: australia ; music ; history ; chamber music ; AMC (TV channel) ; Cello ; Clarinet ; Piano ; Viola ; Violin ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AV Music ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This study is a first attempt to examine the part of women in the social networking at the court. My starting point is the thesis, that only a new phrasing of the concept of the distinction between "public" and "privacy" will adduce an useful model for interpretation of the role of women in the courtly society. This is the background of my examination of a group of women of the courtly society, the female officeholders at the court of Vienna in the first half of the 17th century. In the description of this group, I began with the study of motivations for the service in the Empress's entourage. Also I examined the regional and familial background of these women, the official duties and the everyday life at court. Finally I can show backed by many examples scopes of action for these women and their possibilities to make careers. As a result of my study I can make four major points: Firstly, I can observe at European courts at least two different types of entourages of princesses (Frauenhofstaate). Therein, the Viennese court was representative for the courts of the Holy Roman Empire and some others such as Denmark and Sweden. Secondly, I can demonstrate that the entourage of the Empress was included in the developing process of a Habsburgian courtly aristocracy (habsburgischer Hofadel) with regard to the families and to the regional origins of the female officeholders. Thirdly, the study describes for the first time the responsibilities of female officeholders and their place in the courtly norms system. Fourthly, I am able to describe the female officeholders in different forms of activity in family networks which were constitutive for the courtly society and for the protection of family careers, too. To complete my study, I have included an appendix of sources with the aim to stimulate further comparative researches. Besides this, the book includes short biographies for the 193 female officeholders whom I could identify for the first half of the 17th century. With these biographies I want to document the base of sources for the study and to make available this material for other researches about the Viennese court. The illustrations - many among them are now published for the first time - show some of the protagonists, but principally they show as a source sui generis the place of women in the frame of manifestations of the courtly society like celebrations, coronations or processions. In this way, this work has the nature of a pilot study for all European courts in early modern times.
    Description: Erstmals wird mit dieser Studie der Versuch unternommen, Handlungsspielräume von Frauen innerhalb der höfischen Adelsgesellschaft gezielt zu untersuchen. Ausgangspunkt ist dabei die Auffassung, dass nur eine Neuformulierung des - in der historischen Wissenschaft lange einseitig auf das bürgerliche Zeitalter bezogenen - Konzepts der Trennung von "Öffentlichem" und "Privatem" sinnvolle Erklärungsmuster für die Rolle von Frauen in der höfischen Gesellschaft erbringen kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird eine Gruppe dieser Frauen, die der Amtsträgerinnen am Wiener Hof in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts, genauer untersucht. Die Darstellung beginnt mit Motivationen für den Hofdienst, es folgen familiärer und regionaler Hintergrund der Frauen, deren Amtsobliegenheiten und der Alltag bei Hof, um schließlich anhand zahlreicher Beispiele auf Handlungsspielräume dieser Frauen sowie deren Karrieremöglichkeiten zurückzukommen. Als Ergebnisse der Untersuchung sind vier Aspekte besonders hervorzuheben: Zum einen die Beobachtung, dass sich an den europäischen Höfen mindestens zwei sehr unterschiedliche Typen von Frauenhofstaaten feststellen lassen, wobei der Wiener Hof als repräsentativ für die Höfe des Alten Reiches sowie mit diesen verbundene Höfe wie die in Dänemark und Schweden gelten muss. Zum zweiten wurde herausgearbeitet, dass das kaiserliche Frauenzimmer direkt in den Prozess der Herausbildung eines habsburgischen Hofadels einbezogen war, was die regionale und familiäre Zusammensetzung der Amtsträgerinnen betrifft. Zum dritten konnten erstmals Zuständigkeiten von Amtsträgerinnen sowie deren Position innerhalb des höfischen Normensystems differenziert beschrieben werden. Zum vierten wird das aktive Wirken von Amtsträgerinnen in familialen Netzwerken herausgearbeitet, die für das Funktionieren der höfischen Gesellschaft sowie für die Sicherung familialer Karrieren konstitutiv waren. Ergänzt wird die Darstellung durch einen Quellenanhang, der vor allem der Anregung weiterer, vergleichender Forschungen dienen soll. Außerdem enthält der Band Kurzbiographien der 193 ermittelten Amtsträgerinnen, mit denen die prosopographisch erfasste Materialgrundlage dokumentiert und das gesammelte Material für weitere Forschungen zur Wiener Hofgesellschaft zugänglich gemacht wird. Die Abbildungen, von denen viele noch nie publiziert wurden, stellen nicht nur einzelne der Akteurinnen vor, sondern visualisieren als Quelle sui generis den Platz von Frauen im Rahmen von Manifestationen der höfischen Gesellschaft wie Festen, Krönungen oder Prozessionen. In diesem thematischen und inhaltlichen Zuschnitt bildet die Arbeit eine Pilotstudie, wie sie für keinen anderen Hof Europas bislang vorliegt.
    Keywords: Viennese court ; women and politics ; Habsburg Monarchy ; ladies ; courtly nobility ; Wiener Hof ; Frauen und Politik ; Habsburgermonarchie ; Hofdamen ; höfischer Adel ; Harrach ; Hofmeister ; Hofstaat ; Oberst ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Until today, the death of Charles VI and Maria Theresia’s ascending the throne 1740 is seen as a major turning point in Austrian history. But now is the question of whether in different “layers” and “rooms” without doubt fundamental change between 1720 and 1780 not differentiated must be seen against the background of the concept of interface (“Sattelzeit”/Reinhart Koselleck). On the basis of the space “Viennese court”, where the change of rulers in its effects most likely can be documented, attempts from the perspective of different disciplines (the so called “Hofkünste” – literature/poetry, arts, theatre/dance, music) point out continuities and discontinuities.
    Description: Der Tiroler Adelige Oswald von Wolkenstein (um 1376-1445), ein einzigartiger Exponent spätmittelalterlicher deutscher Lyrik, hat neben seinem künsterischen Werk Briefe, Urkunden und Akten hinterlassen, die seine persönliche ritterliche Karriere und das standestypische Leben seiner Zeit (soziale Vernetzungen, ökonomische Grundlagen, rechtliche Möglichkeiten) bezeugen. Die Texte wurden in ca. 40 Archiven ausgehoben, beschrieben, transkribiert und von Kommentaren eingeleitet. Mit dem 5. Bd. betreffend 1443 – 1447 ist das Werk abgeschlossen.
    Keywords: Oswald von Wolkenstein – documents – Austrian history – Tyrolean history – lower nobility – chivalrous career – medieval life ; Oswald von Wolkenstein – Urkunden ; Akten – österreichische Geschichte – Geschichte Tirols – Niederadel – ritterliche Laufbahn – Leben im Mittelalter ; Brixen ; Département Ain ; Germanisches Nationalmuseum ; Meran ; Papier ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The fortieth anniversary of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre’s founding provided the opportunity to assemble many of Australia’s leading analysts and commentators to review some of the more significant issues that should define Australian defence policy. In the first 20 years after its establishment, SDSC scholars played a prominent role in shaping the ideas and aspirations that eventually found official expression in the 1987 Defence of Australia White Paper. This policy sustained a coherent balance between strategy, force structure and budgets for well over a decade. In recent years, however, the cumulative effects of the end of the Cold War and watershed events like the East Timor experience; the attacks on New York and Washington, D.C., in September 2001; the Bali bombings in October 2002; and the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 have fractured the former consensus on defence policy. These developments have eroded acceptance of the core judgements underpinning defence policy. This has led to a more tenuous connection between some recent major equipment acquisitions and declared policy. The unravelling of the consensus on the ‘defence of Australia’ policy means that we must again undertake a balanced, long-term assessment of the nature of Australia’s strategic interests. Only by doing so can we determine the kinds of armed forces that would contribute most effectively to protecting those interests. The papers collected in this volume are not informed by a common view of where Australia should focus its defence policy, but all address themes that should figure prominently in this difficult but essential task.
    Keywords: defence ; australia ; history ; national security ; military policy ; China ; United States ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHW Military history
    Language: English
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  • 31
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Mouton
    Publication Date: 2024-03-24
    Description: This study uncovers the traditions behind the formative Classic Shàngshū (Venerated Documents). It reveals a genre of “Shū” (Documents) practice that was used creatively by contrasting conceptual communities for socio-philosophical ends. Working from Warring States-manuscript texts, it shows how different communities rewrote old cultural capital, becoming political actors by expanding their scope of action through literary thought production.
    Keywords: Chinese Philosophy ; Genre ; Text formation ; Text Performance ; Warring Statets Period ; Zhou Dynasty ; Codicology ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This book explores the first encounters between Samoans and Europeans up to the arrival of the missionaries, using all available sources for the years 1722 to the 1830s, paying special attention to the first encounter on land with the Lapérouse expedition. Many of the sources used are French, and some of difficult accessibility, and thus they have not previously been thoroughly examined by historians. Adding some Polynesian comparisons from beyond Samoa, and reconsidering the so-called ‘Sahlins-Obeyesekere debate’ about the fate of Captain Cook, ‘First Contacts’ in Polynesia advances a hypothesis about the contemporary interpretations made by the Polynesians of the nature of the Europeans, and about the actions that the Polynesians devised for this encounter: wrapping Europeans up in ‘cloth’ and presenting ‘young girls’ for ‘sexual contact’. It also discusses how we can go back two centuries and attempt to reconstitute, even if only partially, the point of view of those who had to discover for themselves these Europeans whom they call ‘Papalagi’. The book also contributes an additional dimension to the much-touted ‘Mead-Freeman debate’ which bears on the rules and values regulating adolescent sexuality in ‘Samoan culture’. Scholars have long considered the pre-missionary times as a period in which freedom in sexuality for adolescents predominated. It appears now that this erroneous view emerged from a deep misinterpretation of Lapérouse’s and Dumont d’Urville’s narratives.
    Keywords: history ; customs ; social life ; samoan islands ; foreign relations ; europe ; Bougainville Island ; Ethnic groups in Europe ; James Cook ; Jean-François de Galaup ; comte de Lapérouse ; Polynesia ; Polynesians ; Tahiti ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Enele Ma`afu, son of Aleamotu`a, Tu`i Kanokupolu, grew up during a time of unprecedented social and political change in Tonga following the advent of Christianity. Moving to Lau, Fiji, in 1847 when he was about 21, he skilfully exploited kinship links to establish a power base there and in eastern Cakaudrove. His achievements were recognised in 1853 when his cousin King Tupou I appointed Ma`afu as Governor of the Tongans in Fiji. Acting as a putative champion of the lotu, Ma`afu undertook successful military campaigns elsewhere in Fiji and, after adding the Yasayasa Moala and the Exploring Isles to the nascent Lauan state, he was able to establish the Tovata ko Lau, a union of Lau, Cakaudrove and Bua, with himself as head. His power was formally recognised in 1869 when the Lauan chiefs appointed him as Tui Lau, a new title in the polity of Fiji. Ma`afu was now able to challenge Cakobau for the mastery of Fiji. After serving as Viceroy during the farcical planter oligarchy known as the Kingdom of Fiji, Ma`afu underwent a severe humiliation when, in order to maintain his power in Lau, he was forced to accede to the wishes of Fiji’s other great chiefs in offering their islands to Great Britain. He would end his days as Roko Tui Lau, a ‘subordinate administrator’ in the Crown Colony of Fiji, presiding over a province characterised by corruption and maladministration but where the legacy of his earlier innovative land reforms has endured.
    Keywords: history ; politics ; pacific ; fiji ; Demographics of Tonga ; Fijians ; Lakeba ; Levuka ; Lomaloma ; Seru Epenisa Cakobau ; Tonga ; Tongan language ; Tui Cakau ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book explores the factors behind – and the implications of – the 2006 coup. It brings together contributions from leading scholars, local personalities, civil society activists, union leaders, journalists, lawyers, soldiers and politicians – including deposed Prime Ministers Laisenia Qarase and Mahendra Chaudhry. The 2006 Military Takeover in Fiji: A Coup to End All Coups? is essential reading for those with an interest in the contemporary history of Fiji, politics in deeply divided societies, or in military intervention in civilian politics.
    Keywords: politics and government ; government ; history ; 21th century ; fiji ; Democracy ; Fijians ; Frank Bainimarama ; Laisenia Qarase ; Mahendra Chaudhry ; Republic of Fiji Military Forces ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 35
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The book is based on the research project „The Esterházy Landscape Garden in Eisenstadt“ funded by the Jubilee Fonds of the Austrian National Bank (no.5164) and was published with the aid of a printing subsidy granted by FWF. For the first time one of the outstanding historical gardens of Austria is presented in a comprehensive monography. The contributions cover a wide range of topics from aspects of cultural heritage preservation and the history of the shaping of the garden as well as the topochronological analysis of maps and plans by means of historical cartography to an in-depth study of plant history focussing on one of the most famous greenhouse plant collections of the first decades of the 19th century as well as on the varieties of trees and shrubs of the landscape garden itself. According to the outstanding importance of the greenhouses and their plant collections a specific focus is laid upon the exploration of the building history and the species-specific analysis of the collections. A detailed inventory of the historical composition of open ground species of trees and shrubs of the landscape garden provides insight into the stages of the shaping of the garden from a botanical view. This inventory is contrasted with the actual situation in regard to ecological, vegetation-scientific and floristic aspects. The second edition of the book is extended by a study of the formerly landscaped area of the so-called Gloriette (Temple of Mary) which is located outside the garden but represents an integral part of the original concept of a designed landscape. The final chapter serves as a detailed guide to the connoisseur by describing an annotated walk through the garden enriched by a wealth of remarks of general historical, of literary and plant-historical as well as garden-historical background.
    Description: Die Ergebnisse des vom Jubiläumsfonds der Österreichischen Nationalbank mit der Nr. 5164 geförderten Forschungsprojektes "Der Esterhazy'sche Schloßpark Eisenstadt." wurden mit Hilfe eines Druckkostenzuschusses des FWF in Buchform publiziert. Erstmals in Österreich wird einer der großen und bedeutenden historischen Gärten dieses Landes umfassend dargestellt. Der Bogen des monographischen Werkes spannt sich über Betrachtungen aus Sicht der Gartendenkmalpflege und eine chronologische Geschichte der Entwicklungsstufen des Gartens über die Analyse der Gartenpläne und Karten auf Grundlage kartographiegeschichtlicher Forschungen bis hin zu einer umfassenden Betrachtung der Geschichte der Pflanzenbestände des Gartens. Der europaweit überragenden Bedeutung der Orangerie und ihrer Pflanzensammlungen in den ersten Jahrzehnten des 19.Jahrhunderts gemäß folgt eine Untersuchung der Baugeschichte der Treibhausanlagen und eine umfassende artenspezifische Analyse der Pflanzensammlungen. Eine exakte Beschreibung der historischen Freilandpflanzenbestände zeigt wichtige und interessante botanikgeschichtliche Aspekte der Genese des Gartens auf Die aktuelle ökologische, vegetationskundliche und floristische Situation wird im Spiegel dieser historischen Ausgangslage dargestellt. Das außerhalb des Gartens liegende, gleichwohl in Kommunikation mit diesem gestaltete Areal des Marientempels (Gloriette) wird in der erweiterten 2.Auflage des Buches in einem eigenen Beitrag vorgestellt. Ein faktenreicher Führer durch den Garten für kundige Gartenliebhaber/innen in Form eines durch gartenkünstlerische, botanische, historische und literarische Anmerkungen bereicherten Spazierganges rundet das Werk ab.
    Keywords: History of garden art ; landscape garden ; Esterházy ; Gartenkunstgeschichte ; Landschaftsgarten ; Esterházy ; Baum ; Eisenstadt ; Gewächshaus ; Orangerie ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The first of five volumes presents the younger son of Tyrolean country gentry as a squire bustling striving for social advancement. After unsteady years as a noble warrior, crusader and expert for public administration with the Bishop of Brixen, with his admittance to the Service of King Sigmund of Luxemburg he achieves a special role between the sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire and the Tyrolean nobility which rebelled against his Austrian Duke Friedrich IV.
    Description: Der erste Band der fünfbändigen Buchreihe stellt den jüngeren Sohn aus landsässiger Tiroler Adelsfamilie als einen umtriebig um Aufstieg bemühten Junker vor. Nach unsteten Jahren als adeliger Krieger, Kreuzfahrer und Verwaltungsfachmann beim Bischof von Brixen gewinnt er mit seiner Aufnahme in die Dienste König Sigmunds von Luxemburg eine Sonderstellung zwischen dem Reichsoberhaupt und dem gegen seinen österreichischen Landesfürsten rebellierenden Tiroler Adel.
    Keywords: Nobility ; Tyrol ; Later Middle Ages ; Conflict - Peace ; History of Law ; Early New High German ; Medieval documents ; Pilgrims ; Knight Crusaders ; Bandvagn 206 ; Brixen ; Département Ain ; Oswald von Wolkenstein ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 37
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The relationship between the intellectual development of the young Georg Lukacs and the culture of Vienna around the turn of the century was investigated in the research project: Georg Lukacs and Vienna. Because of this the main point of interest was to investigate aspects of his work which stand in relation to Vienna around 1900. First of all the results of previous research about the theme 'Lukacs and Vienna' were held onto. After this, the methodical procedure from cultural studies about the turn of the century, which are treated as the standard works in this field, we re sketched out and the methods for contemporary works were laid down. The relevant biographical facts were laid out in two chapters about his life and his education - with special attention being paid to the question of his introduction to the problems of contemporary Austrian philosophy. The effect of Rudolf Kassner on Lukacs thoughts around 1910 seems to be very important. Lukacs' literature critical texts on modern Austrian drama especially the literature of Arthur Schnitzler and Richard Beer-Hofmann play a central role. The theories, which are developed in these texts, were made more precise in a discussion with Mihaly Babits as well as in the text: Aesthetic Culture. Following this Lukacs' aesthetical Heidelberg writings, which are relevant to the investigation of this project, were analyzed. The insight into the theories, which show up in Lukacs' texts, which was won in the research project through the aforementioned writings was then deepened with consideration to the Jewish Question as well as with an analysis of the concepts of liberalism, culture, and the Modern. At the same time Lukacs' activities were placed in the context of Central Europe. In addition the question was answered: what meaning did the relationship between Lukacs and Vienna have for his later development. The result of the project is that insight into Georg Lukacs must be viewed in the context of modernity and Central Europe, in order to understand his activity and, in a very concrete way, in order to understand his individual texts. If one doesn't take his contradictory relationship to Vienna around 1900 and to the Modern and Central Europe into account he remains a confused solitary person. Afurther and perhaps even more important result is: When one places Lukacs in the relation of these aforementioned intellectual-historical appearances, these appearances themselves win on dimensions, which first make their understanding possible.
    Description: Im Forschungsprojekt Georg Lukács und Wien wurde das Verhältnis zwischen der intellektuellen Entwicklung des jungen Georg Lukács und der Kultur der Wiener Jahrhundertwende untersucht. Schwerpunkt war es daher, Lukács' Tätigkeit nach Aspekten zu untersuchen, welche mit der Wiener Kultur um 1900 in Zusammenhang stehen. Als erstes wurde das über das Thema. 'Lukács und Wien' in der bisherigen Forschung Gesagte festgehalten. Es wurde anschließend das methodische Vorgehen der als Standardwerke geltenden Kulturstudien über die Wiener Jahrhundertwende skizziert und die Methode der vorliegenden Arbeit bestimmt. Die relevanten biographischen Fakten wurden in den zwei Kapiteln über Lukács' Leben und über seine Ausbildung mit Schwerpunkt auf der Frage nach der Vermittlung der Probleme der zeitgenössischen österreichischen Philosophie an ihn - festgehalten. Wesentlich erscheint die Wirkung von Rudolf Kassner auf Lukács' Denken um 1910 zu sein. Eine zentrale Stelle nehmen Lukács' literaturkritische Texte über das moderne österreichische Drama und insbesondere über die Literatur von Arthur Schnitzler und Richard Beer-Hofmann ein. Die in diesen Texten entwickelten Theorien wurden von Lukács in einer Diskussion mit Mihály Babits bzw. im Text Ästhetische Kultur präzisiert. Anschliegend wurden die für die Fragestellung des Projekts relevanten Thesen von Lukács' Heidelberger ästhetischen Schriften analysiert. Die Einsicht in die in Lukács-Texten erscheinenden Theorien, welche im Forschungsprojekt mit den soeben aufgezählten Schritten gewonnen worden ist, wurde mit Überlegungen zur 'jüdischen Frage' bzw. mit der Analyse der Begriffe 'Liberalismus', 'Kultur' und 'Moderne' vertieft. Gleichzeitig wurde Lukács' Tätigkeit in den Kontext von 'Mitteleuropa' gesetzt. Abschließend wurde die Frage beantwortet, welche Bedeutung Lukács' Verhältnis zu Wien für seine weitere Entwicklung hatte. Ergebnis des Projektes ist die Einsicht, daß Georg Lukács im Kontext von Modernität und Mitteleuropa betrachtet werden muß, um seine Tätigkeit, und auch ganz konkret seine einzelnen Texte verstehen zu können. Berücksichtigt man sein widersprüchliches Verhältnis zu Wien um 1900, zur Moderne und zu Mitteleuropa nicht, bleibt er ein verirrter Einzelner. Ein weiteres, und vielleicht noch bedeutenderes Ergebnis ist: Stellt man Lukács in den Zusammenhang mit jenen geistesgeschichtlichen. Erscheinungen, gewinnen diese Erscheinungen selbst an Dimensionen, welche ihr Verstehen erst ermöglichen.
    Keywords: Georg Lukacs ; Vienna around 1900 ; Ästhetik ; Impressionismus ; Österreich ; Philosophie ; Ungarn ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The Encyclopaedia of Slovenian cultural history in Carinthia (Austria) is conceaved as a pluridisciplinary and intercultural reference work with over 160 authors, some 1000 entries and in total over 2100 conceptual entries covering areas such as history, legal history, sociology, linguistics, dialectology, literature, ethnology, art history, biographic studies, terminology. It provides a cross-linked understanding of the geographical area as well as of the cultural and societal processes in the region from an innovative perspective.
    Description: Eine pluridisziplinäre und interkulturell konzipierte Enzyklopädie der regionalen Kulturgeschichte der Kärntner Slowenen in Österreich mit Beiträgen von über 160 Autoren unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen und ca. 1000 Schlagwörtern und insgesamt über 2100 konzeptuellen Einträgen aus den Bereichen Geschichte, Rechtsgeschichte, Soziologie, Sprachwissenschaft, Dialektologie, Literaturgeschichte, Ethnologie, Kunstgeschichte, Biographien, Terminologie u.a.m., das ein vernetztes Verständnis der geographischen und kulturhistorischen Räume und gesellschaftlichen Prozesse im Land aus einer innovativen Perspektive ermöglicht
    Keywords: Carinthia ; cultrual history ; Slovenes ; Slovenes from Carinthia ; intercultural studies. ; Kärnten ; Kulturgeschichte ; Slowenen ; Kärntner Slowenen ; interkulturelle Studien. ; Klagenfurt am Wörthersee ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: Slovenian , German
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  • 39
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Keywords: H1-99 ; JA1-92 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 40
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the last few decades, the discipline of Translation Studies has been characterized by a considerable increase of interdisciplinary approaches which both helped to sharpen its profiling and to promote its multilayered epistemological discussions. The contribution of this book to these developments is located on various levels. I claim that in view of its multifaceted forms, translation as practiced in the late Habsburg Empire to a high degree contributed to the construction of cultures in the pluri-cultural space of the Habsburg Monarchy: on the one hand, I have revealed the various layers of translation’s constructive character and then – on the basis of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological framework – shed light on the various construction processes on behalf of detailed analyses which focus on the agents involved in these processes. These considerations are then reflected in the delineation of a model which I call the “pluri-cultural communication space of the Habsburg Monarchy”. In terms of methodology, I have drawn on post-colonial theoretical frameworks. On such a basis, I have sketched a concept of culture which aims to correspond to the hybrid constellations characteristic to vast parts of the Monarchy and which claims to detect the symbolic forms of ethnically articulated dominance. The metaphorically inspired translation concept developed in the wake of these reflections (“cultural translation”) results in conceptualizing a typology of various translation forms which claim to do justice to the complexity of the Monarchy’s translatorial practices in the continuum between “communication” and “translation”. Primarily on the basis of archival sources, the analysis covers the translatorial practice in the various ministries (“Commission of Terminology “,“Bureau of Redaction of the Imperial Law Gazette”, “Section of Ciphering and Translatorial Work”), in court (sworn interpreters), and in the diplomatic service, among others. On the other hand, I have worked on extensive corpora analyzing the translation flows both between various languages of the crown lands and with countries outside the Monarchy by adopting numerous parameters (focus: translations into German). Finally, the focus is laid on the translations from Italian, with a particular emphasis on laying bare the construction processes operating in the selection, production, distribution and reception of these translations. The features which make up the construction of culture in the Habsburg context can be particularly detected in two instances: first, in the tensions related to national conflicts which are inscribed in all translation types dealt with in the period under investigation. Secondly, in the phenomenon of bi- and multilingualism which – according to the territory and the legal situation respectively – represented a basic prerequisite for the translation and interpreting activity and as such in many cases made a professional and qualitatively differentiated formation in translation at least at first sight avoidable. Nevertheless, it has been able to reconstruct a gradual institutionalization of the translatorial activity. English version of the book: http://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:786
    Description: Die Translationswissenschaft der vergangenen Jahre ist durch eine zunehmende interdisziplinäre Auseinandersetzung gekennzeichnet, die der Disziplin zu einer ausgeprägten Profilierung verhalf und vielschichtige wissenschaftstheoretische Diskussionen vorantrieb. Der Beitrag der vorliegenden Arbeit zu dieser Konturierung ist auf mehreren Ebenen zu orten: Zum einen werden, ausgehend von der These, dass das Phänomen der Übersetzung in seinen vielfachen Ausformungen wesentlich zur Konstituierung des plurikulturellen Raumes der Habsburgermonarchie beitrug, verschiedene Schichten des Konstruktcharakters von Übersetzung freigelegt, zum anderen auf der Grundlage des kultursoziologischen Theorierahmens von Pierre Bourdieu die einzelnen Konstruktionsprozesse vor dem Hintergrund detaillierter akteurInnenbezogener Analysen ausgeleuchtet und in die Skizzierung eines „plurikulturellen Kommunikationsraumes der Habsburgermonarchie“ übergeleitet. Zur Bestimmung des Beitrages des übersetzerischen Phänomens zur Konstruktion der habsburgischen Kultur im Untersuchungszeitraum 1848-1918 wird in der postkolonialen Theorie Anleihe genommen und ein Kulturkonzept skizziert, das der auf weite Teile der Monarchie zutreffenden hybriden Befindlichkeit zu entsprechen und die symbolischen Formen ethnisch artikulierter Herrschaft zu erfassen sucht. Unter Anwendung des daraus konzipierten metaphorischen Translationsbegriffs („kulturelle Übersetzung“) wird anschließend auf der Basis der translatorischen Praktiken der Habsburgermonarchie eine Typologie der verschiedenen Übersetzungsformen entworfen, die der Vielschichtigkeit dieser Praktiken entlang der Bandbreite von „Kommunikation“ bis „Translation“ entsprechen. Untersucht wird – vorrangig auf der Grundlage von Archivquellen – zum einen die translatorische Praxis in den Ministerien („Terminologiekommission“, „Redaktionsbureau des Reichsgesetzblattes“, „Sektion für Chiffrewesen und translatorische Arbeiten“), bei Gericht (gerichtliche beeidete Dolmetscher), im diplomatischen Dienst etc., zum anderen werden anhand umfangreicher Korpora die Übersetzungsströme zwischen den einzelnen Sprachen der Kronländer und auch mit Ländern außerhalb der Monarchie nach zahlreichen Parametern aufgearbeitet (Schwerpunkt: Übersetzungen ins Deutsche). Der Fokus dieser letztgenannten Untersuchungen wird schließlich auf die Übersetzungen aus dem Italienischen gelegt, wobei besonderes Augenmerk auf die durch Selektion, Produktion, Distribution und Rezeption dieser Übersetzungen vorgenommenen Konstruktionsprozesse gelegt wird. Der kulturkonstruierende Charakter der Translationspraktiken im habsburgischen Kontext ist an zwei wesentlichen Momenten festzumachen: Zum einen an den nationalitätenbezogenen Spannungen, die allen genannten Translationstypen im Untersuchungszeitraum eingeschrieben sind; zum anderen an der Bi- und Plurilingualität, die, je nach Territorium und jeweiliger gesetzlicher Lage, eine grundsätzliche Voraussetzung für die Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschtätigkeit darstellte und als solche eine professionelle und qualitativ differenzierte translatorische Ausbildung vordergründig nicht erforderlich machte. Dennoch ist eine sukzessiv erfolgende Institutionalisierung der translatorischen Tätigkeit rekonstruierbar. Englische Version des Buches: http://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:786
    Keywords: Habsburg Monarchy ; postcolonial theory ; translation and interpreting ; language and translation policy ; Pierre Bourdieu ; Italian-German translation ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 41
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Since the beginning of the 19th century, quantitative techniques have been used in literary and human sciences to describe, analyze and interpret texts. Such approaches were underrepresented until the end of the 20th century, but are becoming increasingly important in the digital humanities. The aim of the volume is to contextualize theories of theory, methodology and subject history on the one hand, and on the other hand to examine the significance of their results with a view to the digital present. In view of the innovative verve of digital humanities, it should not be forgotten that the idea of ​​juxtaposing interpretive close reading with descriptive-analytical, remote reading is not much younger than the idea of ​​close reading itself. Counting is by no means the first through the 'digital revolution' of the humanities. Rather, what has been determined by late Dilthey as the subject of the understanding and qualitatively oriented humanities has been declared 'measurable' for some 200 years.
    Description: Seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts werden in den Literatur- und Geisteswissenschaften quantitative Verfahren angewandt, um Texte zu beschreiben, zu analysieren und zu interpretieren. Bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts waren solche Ansätze unterrepräsentiert, gewinnen im Zuge der Digital Humanities jedoch sehr stark an Bedeutung. Ziel des Bandes ist es, quantifizierende Verfahren einerseits theorie-, methoden- und fachgeschichtlich zu kontextualisieren, andererseits aber auch mit Blick auf die digitale Gegenwart zu prüfen, welchen Stellenwert ihre Ergebnisse haben. Angesichts der innovativen Verve der Digital Humanities darf nicht vergessen werden, dass die Idee, einem interpretativen close reading ein (vermeintlich?) deskriptiv-analytisches distant reading gegenüberzustellen, nicht sehr viel jünger ist als die Idee des close reading selbst. Denn Zählen ist keinesfalls erst durch die 'digitale Revolution' der Geisteswissenschaften denkbar geworden. Vielmehr wird schon seit ungefähr 200 Jahren das, was vom späten Dilthey als Gegenstand der verstehenden und qualitativ orientierten Geisteswissenschaften bestimmt wurde, auch zum 'messbaren' Objekt erklärt.
    Keywords: Literature ; history ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory
    Language: German
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  • 42
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: To read this evocative book is to be thrust into a Fiji that has, for the moment, been snuffed out by military might: a Fiji of political parties, parliamentary politics, elections, manifestoes, campaigns, democractic defence of interests, party manoeuvres, and constitutional protection of rights and freedoms. It is a comprehensive and eloquent re-telling of the story of Fiji politics from independence in 1970 to 1999 through the perspective of Fiji’s greatest living statesman, Jai Ram Reddy, by one of the world’s most distinguished scholars of its history and politics.
    Keywords: 20th century ; politics and government ; history ; fiji ; Fiji Times ; Fijians ; Indo-Fijians ; Kamisese Mara ; National Federation Party ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: With the last volume of the „Regesta Imperii under Frederick I“ a project started in 1975 has come to its end. Thereby the whole existing sources concerning the period and the reign of Frederick Barbarossa are encompassed and made accessible by an index of proper names and a bibliography.
    Description: Mit dem letzten Teilband der „Regesta Imperii unter Friedrich I.“ ist ein 19675 begonnenes Forschungsprojekt abgeschlossen. Damit ist der gesamte Quellenbestand zu Ära und Regentschaft Kaiser Friedrich Barbarossas erfasst und mit Namenregister und Bibliographie erschlossen.
    Keywords: Medieval History, Records and Sources, Holy Roman empire, Frederick Barbarossa ; Mittelalterliche Geschichte, Überlieferungen und Quellen, Heiliges Römisches Reich, Friedrich Barbarossa ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 44
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    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Oldenbourg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Die Bezeichnung „Enklave“ wird für unterschiedliche Phänomene und Prozesse verwendet. Enklaven sind in sozialer, politischer oder wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht von den sie umgebenden Räumen wie Nationalstaaten, Städten oder Wirtschaftssektoren abgegrenzt. Enklaven umschließen soziokulturelle Minderheiten, „Staaten im Staate“ oder Produktionszonen, die den Interessen auswärtiger Akteure oder bestimmter Interessengruppen dienen. Innerhalb von Enklaven gelten eigene Regeln. Dieser Band beleuchtet Enklavenbildung am Beispiel der Förderung von Rohstoffen in Afrika.
    Keywords: Enclaves ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Following a bloody civil war, peace consolidated slowly and sequentially in Bougainville. That sequence was of both a top-down architecture of credible commitment in a formal peace process and layer upon layer of bottom-up reconciliation. Reconciliation was based on indigenous traditions of peacemaking. It also drew on Christian traditions of reconciliation, on training in restorative justice principles and on innovation in womens’ peacebuilding. Peacekeepers opened safe spaces for reconciliation, but it was locals who shaped and owned the peace. There is much to learn from this distinctively indigenous peace architecture. It is a far cry from the norms of a ‘liberal peace’ or a ‘realist peace’. The authors describe it as a hybrid ‘restorative peace’ in which ‘mothers of the land’ and then male combatants linked arms in creative ways. A danger to Bougainville’s peace is weakness of international commitment to honour the result of a forthcoming independence referendum that is one central plank of the peace deal.
    Keywords: politics and government ; papua new guinea ; peace ; history ; autonomy ; women ; independence ; bougainville island ; Australia ; Peacebuilding ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPF Political ideologies and movements
    Language: English
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  • 46
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: "War and Other Means describes and analyses the practices of war, the ‘objects of war’ and the conventions of the use of violence in Houaïlou, New Caledonia. It focuses on the colonial repression conducted in 1856 and after, the anti-sorcerer hunt in 1955, the independence mobilisation in the 1980s and the village feuds in the 2000s. Through this archaeology of violence, it reports on the practical inventiveness, intelligence and cunning of the Kanaks involved in social, often violent, conflicts. The use of archival material and recourse to the oral stories gathered from the inhabitants of Houaïlou restores the depth of these historical moments and the nested contexts of the political action that unfolded; it also questions the value and limits of fieldwork investigation. These episodes are moments of change in the social, administrative, land and political organisation of New Caledonia; they make it possible to understand, from France’s takeover to the present day, the real modalities of implementation of colonial and postcolonial governmentality. The attention given to the invention, the importation or the adaptation of repressive techniques, closely linked to the French experience in Algeria, opens up a geopolitics of colonisation. Through this detailed description of the social logics of conflict, Michel Naepels also invites us to reflect on the place of European fantasies on violence and on the representations of otherness."
    Keywords: history ; new caledonia ; colonialism ; Houaïlou ; Kanak people ; Protestantism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 47
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Part one of the book discusses political systems of Developing Countries. It suggests that the concept of neopatrimonialism is becoming more and more important. Neopatrimonial systems are characterized by three components: Personal rule, political clientelism and endemic corruption. The neopatrimonial state is essentially a weak state, where the production of public goods is very low and the road to the failure of the state open. For the transformation or improvement of a neopatrimonial system a developmental state is necessary. Part two tries to give a theory of the state. The state is understood as a set of complex institutions. Historical institutionalism seems therefore to be the correct approach. Four institutional complexes are needed for consolidated modern statehood: The military for the security of the state – the military revolution can be regarded as the most important factor in explaining the origin of the state. Territorial segmentation is at the same time the building principle for the international political system. As the professionalism of the military increases, a new institutional complex becomes necessary for the security of the citizens: the police, and the police is the institution for the monopoly of legitimate violence. The second institutional complex is taxation and the ordering of state finances (the budget). Taxes are historically a consequence of standing armies. Today taxation is an important dimension of state capabilities. The third complex is the bureaucracy – necessary for the production of decisions based on general rules. An effective bureaucracy is a precondition for the development of the welfare state. Corruption its main problem. The forth complex is placed at the top of the state – governing all the other institutions. It is essentially the government in combination with the parliament as a law-making institution. Part three tries to explain the process of democratization. Democracy needs three subsystems: the public sphere as the interaction of mass media and discourses of the citizens. A party system, where the parties are based on political ideologies. And a parliament, as the center of a representative government. Responsiveness can be explained as a consequence of general free elections.
    Description: Neben einem Überblick über die Modernisierungsprobleme von Entwicklungsländern untersucht der Autor den Konstitutionsprozeß des modernen Staates in Europa. Welche sind die zentralen "Institutionen des Staates"? In welcher Weise ist die Ausdifferenzierung der politischen Parteien an die ideologischen Strömungen der politischen Öffentlichkeit geknüpft, und sind es im wesentlichen die Prozesse der medialen Kommunikationsrevolutionen, welche die Sinnstiftungsmärkte der Gegenwart völlig verändern und damit u. a. die Parteien zu erheblichen Anpassungen zwingen? Die Zukunft der Demokratie, so der Schluß des Autors, hängt daher in hohem Maße von der Operationsweise der Subsysteme und ihren Interaktionseffekten ab
    Keywords: Neopatrimonialism ; theory of the state ; origins and development of the modern state in European history ; institutions of consolidated modern statehood ; subsystems of democracy ; Modernisierungsprobleme von Entwicklungsländern ; Parteien ; Politisches System ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The origins of World War I were different and varied. But it was Austria-Hungary which unleashed the war. After more than four years the Habsburg Monarchy was defeated and ended as a failed state.
    Description: Die Ursachen des Ersten Weltkriegs sind vielfältig. Die Entfesselung des Kriegs geschah jedoch durch Österreich-Ungarn. Nach mehr als vier Jahren zerfiel die Habsburgermonarchie als Folge innerer Auflösung und der militärischen Niederlage.
    Keywords: First World War, Austria-Hungary, Habsburg Monarchy, 1914-1918 ; Erster Weltkrieg, Österreich-Ungarn, Habsburgermonarchie, 1914-1918 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The vast shape-shifting continent of Australia enables us to take a long view of history. We consider ways to cross the great divide between the deep past and the present. Australia’s human past is not a short past, so we need to enlarge the scale and scope of history beyond 1788. In ways not so distant, these deeper times happened in the same places where we walk today. Yet, they were not the same places, having different surfaces, ecologies and peoples. Contributors to this volume show how the earth and its past peoples can wake us up to a sense of place as history – as a site of both change and continuity. This book ignites the possibilities of what the spaces and expanses of history might be. Its authors reflect upon the need for appropriate, feasible timescales for history, pointing out some of the obstacles encountered in earlier efforts to slice human time into thematic categories. Time and history are considered from the perspective of physics, archaeology, literature, western and Indigenous philosophy. Ultimately, this collection argues for imaginative new approaches to collaborative histories of deep time that are better suited to the challenges of the Anthropocene. Contributors to this volume, including many leading figures in their respective disciplines, consider history’s temporality, and ask how history might expand to accommodate a chronology of deep time. Long histories that incorporate humanities, science and Indigenous knowledge may produce deeper meanings of the worlds in which we live.
    Keywords: australia ; indigenous knowledge ; history ; timescales ; Aboriginal Australians ; Dreamtime ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 50
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Why is it that we so readily accept the boundary lines drawn around nations or around regions like ‘Asia’ as though they were natural and self-evident, when in fact they are so mutable and often so very arbitrary? What happens to people not only when the borders they seek to cross become heavily guarded, but also when new borders are drawn straight through the middle of their lives? The essays in this book address these questions by starting from small places on the borderlands of East Asia and looking outwards from the small towards the large, asking what these ‘minor pasts’ tell us about the grand narratives of history. In the process, it takes the reader on a journey from Renaissance European visions of ‘Tartary’, through nineteenth-century racial theorising, imperial cartography and indigenous experiences of modernity, to contemporary debates about Big History in an age of environmental crisis.
    Keywords: history ; Asia ; borders ; Tartary ; East Asia ; boundaries ; cartography ; indigenous experience ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1F Asia ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSL Ethnic studies::JBSL1 Ethnic groups and multicultural studies
    Language: English
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Family Experiments explores the forms and undertakings of ‘family’ that prevailed among British professionals who migrated to Australia and New Zealand in the late nineteenth century. Their attempts to establish and define ‘family’ in Australasian, suburban environments reveal how the Victorian theory of ‘separate spheres’ could take a variety of forms in the new world setting. The attitudes and assumptions that shaped these family experiments may be placed on a continuum that extends from John Ruskin’s concept of evangelical motherhood to John Stuart Mill’s rational secularism. Central to their thinking was a belief in the power of education to produce civilised and humane individuals who, as useful citizens, would individually and in concert nurture a better society. Such ideas pushed them to the forefront of colonial liberalism. The pursuit of higher education for their daughters merged with and, in some respects, influenced first-wave colonial feminism. They became the first generation of colonial, middle-class parents to grapple not only with the problem of shaping careers for their sons but also, and more frustratingly, what graduate daughters might do next.
    Keywords: australia ; history ; family ; new zealand ; colonial ; settlement ; Christchurch ; Melbourne ; Middle class ; University of Melbourne ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MB Australia and New Zealand / Aotearoa::1MBF Australia ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MB Australia and New Zealand / Aotearoa::1MBN New Zealand / Aotearoa ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history
    Language: English
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: biografiA gives on the basis of selected 6.367 biographies an overview over many centuries of austrian female history and various insights into the cultural and social contexts of the concerned eras both for experts and the interested public.
    Description: biografiA gibt auf der Basis von 6.367 Biografien einen Überblick über viele Jahrhunderte der österreichischen Frauengeschichte und gewährt vielfältige Einblicke in die kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhänge der jeweiligen Epoche.
    Keywords: Austrian History ; Cultural Science ; History of Science ; Women’s Studies ; Feminist Issues ; Gender Studies ; Österreichische Geschichte ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Frauenforschung ; Feministische Forschung ; Gender Studies ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This edition collects instructions, police ordinances, decrees and related normative sources concerning the economic activities of landlords and subjects of the estates Feldsberg (today Valtice in the Czech Republic) and Wilfersdorf in the north-eastern corner of Lower Austria from the end of the sixteenth century up to 1815. All this sources illustrate the social, cultural and economic microcosm created and imagined by the authorities and show how the landlords tried to dominate and control their subjects with the help of their administrative apparatus and through regulations.
    Description: Instruktionen, Ordnungen und Dekrete der niederösterreichischen Herrschaftskomplexe Feldsberg (heute CZ) und Wilfersdorf der Familie Liechtenstein verdeutlichen exemplarisch, welche Lebensbereiche adelige Grundherren der österreichischen Länder zu regeln versuchten. Die Quellen bieten einen Einblick in das Zusammenspiel von Grundherren, Herrschaftsbeamten und Untertanen von 1600 bis 1815.
    Keywords: seigneurial administration ; normative sources ; Lower Austria ; source edition ; administrative apparatus ; administrative history ; Verwaltungsgeschichte ; Grundherrschaft ; Herrschaftsbeamte ; Quellenedition ; Normative Quellen ; Niederösterreich ; Fürst ; Ihme ; Marginalie ; Valtice ; Wein ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 54
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In early modern times, the city of Seville was the most important entrepôt between the Old and the New World, attracting numerous merchants from all of Europe. They provided the American market with European merchandise, especially with textiles and metalware from Flanders and France. This book investigates the networks of Flemish and French merchants in Seville, displaying overall structures of trade as well as collective strategies of both merchant colonies.
    Description: Die Stadt Sevilla war in der frühen Neuzeit die wichtigste Schnittstelle zwischen der Alten und der Neuen Welt und zog zahlreiche Kaufleute aus ganz Europa an. Von Sevilla aus versorgten diese den amerikanischen Markt mit europäischen Produkten, wobei Textilien und Metallwaren aus Frankreich und Flandern besonders nachgefragt waren. Dieses Buch untersucht die Netzwerke der französischen und flämischen Kaufleute in Sevilla und zeigt dabei allgemeine Handelsstrukturen sowie kollektive Verhaltensstrategien der beiden Kaufmannskolonien auf.
    Keywords: History ; Spain ; America ; France ; Flanders ; Seville ; trade ; merchants ; early modern age ; networks ; social network analysis ; Geschichte ; Spanien ; Amerika ; Frankreich ; Flandern ; Sevilla ; Handel ; Kaufleute ; Frühe Neuzeit ; Netzwerke ; Soziale Netzwerkanalyse ; Antwerp ; Ducat ; Flemish people ; French people ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 55
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Poverty and beggars have always been a part of the city of Vienna. Between 1443 and 1693 only beggars with beggars’ badges („Stadtzeichen“) were authorised to beg. The contextualisation, edition and analysis of a beggars’ directory (“Stadtzeichnerbuch”) dating from the seventeenth century (1678–1685) reveals the living circumstances of more than 900 poor people which can hardly be found in other sources.
    Description: Armut und Bettel waren auch in der Vergangenheit ein Teil des Wiener Stadtbilds. Zwischen 1443 und 1693 durften nur die mit einem Bettelzeichen („Stadtzeichen“) versehenen „StadtzeichnerInnen“ offiziell betteln. Die Kontextualisierung, Edition und Auswertung eines von 1678 bis 1685 reichenden Bettlerverzeichnisses („Stadtzeichnerbuch“) präsentiert die Lebenswelten von 920 armen und bettelnden Menschen, die aus anderen Quellen kaum erschlossen werden können.
    Keywords: beggars ; beggars ’ directory ; poverty ; poor relief ; source edition ; Vienna ; Early Modern Period ; Bettler ; Bettlerverzeichnis ; Armut ; Armenfürsorge ; Quellenedition ; Wien ; Frühe Neuzeit ; Département Ain ; Khan ; Witwer ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This is an unchanged republication of the first historical account of the social work profession in Australia. It traces the development of social work education and professional social work in the larger, more industrialised societies overseas before the same developments began in Australia in the late 1920s, and it notes the part played by overseas influence in the subsequent 30-odd years. The book concentrates on the development of training bodies and their courses, the spread of qualified social workers into various fields of employment in Australia’s expanding health and welfare services, and the growth of professional associations and their programmes. The author assesses the occupational group in terms of accepted attitudes towards the established professions. He concludes with a discussion of major contemporary issues facing the Australian social work profession.
    Keywords: australia ; social work ; history ; Almoner ; Melbourne ; Sydney ; Welfare ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MB Australia and New Zealand / Aotearoa::1MBF Australia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work
    Language: English
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the Project P16901-G06 sponsored by the FWF, Camillo Sittes writings will be published for the first time in a "critical comprehensive edition", scheduled for six volumes. The basis for this edition is provided by the "Sitte Nachlass-Archiv" owned by the University of Technology, Vienna. The writings of volume four document Sittes writings in the field of pedagogy and school system. Camillo Sitte, who elsewise is predominantly known as urban theorist and urban planner only, earned his money as headmaster of vocational schools (i.e. Gewerbeschulen) and composed number of articles in journals, lectures and treatises. A central part in this volume consists of two lectures held for craftsmen and teachers in ceramics (1883) and cabinetmaking (1885). Those texts give ample evidence of Sitte's didactical methods in the fields of education in applied arts and complement the material provided in volume one about arts and crafts. Sitte combined several shorter articles and reviews with an unpublished paper of principles, the "Grundsätze zur Reform des Zeichenunterrichts", to a kind of draft for a systematics of drawing education. Moreover he takes a stand in a number of articles in newspapers and journals concerning the vocational school system, to whose formation and development he contributed vitally. Wolfgang Sonne and Ruth Hanisch put these texts into context, inform about the current state of research and establish connections to others of Camillo Sitte's fields of activity, which will be documented in the other volumes of this edition. The editorial work is done by Sonja Hnilica and Bernhard Langer. The Editors are Klaus Semsroth, Michael Mönninger and Christiane C. Collins.
    Description: Im Rahmen des vom FWF finanzierten Projektes P16901-G06 werden erstmals sämtliche Schriften Camillo Sittes in einer auf sechs Bände angelegten "kritischen Gesamtausgabe" herausgegeben. Als Grundlage der Herausgabe dient der Bestand des Sitte Nachlass-Archives, das sich im Eigentum der Technischen Universität Wien befindet. Die Schriften von Band 4 dokumentieren Camillo Sittes Schriften zu Pädagogik und Schulwesen. Camillo Sitte, der vorwiegend als Stadtbautheoretiker und Städtebauer bekannt ist, war im Brotberuf Gewerbeschuldirektor und verfasste in dieser Funktion zahlreiche Fachartikel, Vorträge und Abhandlungen. Einen zentralen Part des Bandes bilden für den Unterricht an der Salzburger Gewerbeschule bestimmte, photomechanisch reproduzierte und bisher unveröffentlichte Skripten zu Themen des Kunstgewerbes und seiner schulischen Vermittlung, die "Vorträge aus dem keramischen Fachlehrer-Curs" (1883) und "Vorträge aus dem Fachlehrer-Curse für Möbelindustrie" (1885). Diese Texte erlauben einen ausführlichen Blick auf Sittes didaktische Methoden im Bereich des Kunstgewerbeunterrichts und ergänzen die in Band 1 wiedergegebenen Texte zum Kunstgewerbe. Eine Reihe kürzerer Artikel und Rezensionen fasste Sitte mit einem bislang unveröffentlichten Grundsatzpapier zu einer Art Vorstudie für eine Systematik des Zeichenunterrichts zusammen. Darüber hinaus bezog er in einer Reihe von Artikeln in Tages- und Fachpresse Stellung zu aktuellen Fragen des gewerblichen Schulwesens in Österreich, an dessen Aufbau er als Schuldirektor der Gewerbeschule zunächst in Salzburg, dann in Wien an entscheidender Stelle mitwirkte. Wolfgang Sonne und Ruth Hanisch stellen die Texte in einen historischen Kontext, geben zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung Auskunft und stellen Verbindungen zu den anderen Wirkungsbereichen Camillo Sittes her, die in den anderen Bänden dokumentiert werden. Die redaktionelle Bearbeitung stammt von Sonja Hnilica und Bernhard Langer. Die Herausgeber der Gesamtausgabe sind Klaus Semsroth, Michael Mönninger und Christiane C. Collins.
    Keywords: Camillo Sitte ; Arts and Crafts ; Urban Planning ; Pedagogy ; Vienna late 19th century ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 58
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Historians have, until recently, been silent about sound. This collection of essays on talking and listening in the age of modernity brings together major Australian scholars who have followed Alain Corbin’s injunction that historians ‘can no longer afford to neglect materials pertaining to auditory perception’. Ranging from the sound of gunfire on the Australian gold-fields to Alfred Deakin’s virile oratory, these essays argue for the influence of the auditory in forming individual and collective subjectivities; the place of speech in understanding individual and collective endeavours; the centrality of speech in marking and negating difference and in struggles for power; and the significance of the technologies of radio and film in forming modern cultural identities.
    Keywords: australia ; social aspects ; history ; sounds ; oral communication ; Elocution ; Modernity ; Sound film ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTC Communication studies
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The submitted manuscript for Vol. I. comprises the learned correspondence of the Benedictine historians Bernhard and Hieronymus Pez of Melk abbey from the years 1709 to 1715. The edition and commentary were prepared between 2004 and 2008 within FWF project P-16940 under the direction of Prof. Winfried Stelzer by Thomas Wallnig and Thomas Stockinger at the Institute for Austrian Historical Research, Vienna. The submission of the work for publication is being filed concurrently with the final report on the project to the FWF. The significance of the Pez letters, of which the submitted volume will make roughly one quarter available to the public for the first time, is twofold. On the one hand, the European scope of the correspondence leads to a re-evaluation of the position of Austria and southern Germany within European intellectual history of the early 18th century and within the erudite practice and culture of communication in the Republic of Letters. On the other hand, the prosopographical orientation of the brothers' project (a collection of bio-bibliographical data on Benedictine authors of the 16th to 18th century) provides the beginnings of an inventory and topography of a nearly undiscovered intellectual landscape. The volume contains: an introduction sketching the various monastic and erudite contexts of the correspondence, presenting learned letters as a literary genre, and setting out the principles of the edition; the edition itself, which gives 261 extant letters in the original Latin with critical notes, German summaries and commentary, and which also registers 211 lost letters; an appendix with biographical information on the 82 correspondents and four tables (letters by correspondents, letters in chronological order, items enclosed with the letters, mentioned letters between third persons); sources and bibliography; finally a cumulative bio-bibliographical index. Publication is envisioned within the series "Quelleneditionen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung" (Böhlau publishing house) as the first of four planned volumes of the correspondence. The publication is primarily aimed at researchers in Austrian history, intellectual history and history of education, and ecclesiastical history, but is also potentially of interest to the disciplines of art history, history of publishing, and also to medievalists in view of the numerous mentions of the location and usage of manuscripts. Volume 2: https://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:824 and https://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:825
    Description: Der eingereichte Band beinhaltet die gelehrte Korrespondenz der Melker Geschichtsforscher Bernhard und Hieronymus Pez OSB aus den Jahren 1709 bis 1715. Die kommentierte Edition wurde im Rahmen eines FWF-Projekts (P-16940) in den Jahren 2004 bis 2008 unter der Leitung von Prof. Winfried Stelzer am Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung von Thomas Wallnig und Thomas Stockinger erarbeitet. Dieser Antrag um Druckförderung ergeht parallel zum Endbericht dieses Projekts an den FWF. Die Bedeutung der Pez-Korrespondenz, von der mit dem vorliegenden Band rund ein Viertel erstmals der wissenschaftlichen Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht wird, liegt in zwei Bereichen. Zum einen erlaubt die europäische Dimension des Briefwechsels eine grundlegende Neuverortung Österreichs und Süddeutschlands innerhalb der europäischen Geistesgeschichte des frühen 18. Jahrhunderts sowie im Rahmen der gelehrten Praxis und Kommunikationskultur der Res publica literaria. Zum anderen ermöglicht die prosopographische Ausrichtung der Korrespondenz - sie zielt auf die Sammlung bio-bibliographischer Daten zu gelehrten Benediktinern des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts ab - einen ersten wissenschaftlichen Zugang zu diesem nahezu unbekannten intellektuellen Kulturraum. Der Band gliedert sich in folgende Teile: die Einleitung, in der an die verschiedenen monastischen und gelehrten Kontexte der Korrespondenz herangeführt wird, die weiters die Gelehrtenkorrespondenz als Quellengattung in den Blick nimmt und die Editionsgrundsätze darlegt; den Hauptteil, der die 261 erhaltenen Briefe im lateinischen Original mit kritischem Apparat, deutschen Regesten und Sachkommentaren enthält, dabei zudem Hinweise auf 211 erschlossene Stücke; einen Anhang mit bio-bibliographischen Notizen zu den 82 Pez-Korrespondenten sowie vier Tabellen (Briefe nach Autoren, Briefe chronologisch gereiht, Briefbeilagen, in der Korrespondenz erwähnte Briefe von und an Dritte); schließlich das Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein kumulatives Register. Der Band erscheint in der Reihe "Quelleneditionen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung" bei Böhlau als erster von voraussichtlich vier Bänden der Pez-Korrespondenz. Die Edition richtet sich an Forschende aus den Bereichen Österreichische Geschichte, Gelehrsamkeits- und Kirchengeschichte, im weiteren Feld aber auch an Vertreter der Fächer Buchgeschichte, Kunst- und Literaturgeschichte sowie an Mediävisten, die an der Rezeptionsgeschichte mittelalterlicher Texte in der Frühen Neuzeit interessiert sind und aus Hinweisen zur Überlieferung einzelner Handschriften Nutzen ziehen können. Band 2: https://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:824 und https://e-book.fwf.ac.at/o:825
    Keywords: historical research ; Benedictines ; res publica litteraria ; manuscripts ; republic of letters ; auxillary sciences ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 60
    facet.materialart.
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Indonesia’s President Soeharto led one of the most durable and effective authoritarian regimes of the second half of the twentieth century. Yet his rule ended in ignominy, and much of the turbulence and corruption of the subsequent years was blamed on his legacy. More than a decade after Soeharto’s resignation, Indonesia is a consolidating democracy and the time has come to reconsider the place of his regime in modern Indonesian history, and its lasting impact. This book begins this task by bringing together a collection of leading experts on Indonesia to examine Soeharto and his legacy from diverse perspectives. In presenting their analyses, these authors pay tribute to Harold Crouch, an Australian political scientist who remains one of the greatest chroniclers of the Soeharto regime and its aftermath.
    Keywords: politics and government ; australia ; history ; soeharto ; economic condtions ; B. J. Habibie ; Democracy ; Indonesia ; Suharto ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Mickey Dewar made a profound contribution to the history of the Northern Territory, which she performed across many genres. She produced high‑quality, memorable and multi-sensory histories, including the Cyclone Tracy exhibition at the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory and the reinterpretation of Fannie Bay Gaol. Informed by a great love of books, her passion for history was infectious. As well as offering three original chapters that appraise her work, this edited volume republishes her first book, In Search of the Never-Never. In Dewar’s comprehensive and incisive appraisal of the literature of the Northern Territory, she provides brilliant, often amusing insights into the ever-changing representations of a region that has featured so large in the Australian popular imagination.
    Keywords: Northern Territory ; history ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1M Australasia, Oceania, Pacific Islands, Atlantic Islands::1MB Australia and New Zealand / Aotearoa::1MBF Australia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history
    Language: English
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  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: History; Timor; East timor
    Keywords: east timor ; timor ; history ; Indonesia ; Indonesian National Armed Forces ; United Nations ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Three members of the Milan-born Angielini family have bequeathed plans and views of fortified places at the border to the Ottoman Empire around 1570, amongst them three maps of Vienna. This basis serves for an analysis of Vienna’s development into a fortress city. Written sources and archaeological evidence are also used, as are insights from environmental history. Early modern fortress-construction in theory and practice and the cartographic documentation of the Hungarian area and Vienna, both seen in a supraregional context, compose further important chapters of the book.
    Description: Drei Mitglieder der aus Mailand stammenden Familie Angielini haben Pläne und Ansichten von 50 Festungen an der Grenze zum Osmanischen Reich aus der Zeit um 1570, darunter auch drei Pläne von Wien, hinterlassen. Auf dieser Basis wird der Ausbau Wiens zur Festungsstadt untersucht, wobei archivalische Quellen und archäologische sowie umweltgeschichtliche Erkenntnisse einbezogen werden. Der frühneuzeitliche Festungsbau in Theorie und Praxis wie auch die kartografische Erfassung des ungarischen Raumes und Wiens, beides in überregionalem Rahmen, bilden weitere wichtige Kapitel des Buchs.
    Keywords: History of Vienna ; Fortress-construction ; History of Cartography ; Wiener Stadtgeschichte ; Festungsbau ; Kartographiegeschichte ; Dresden ; Natale Angielini ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The study describes the process of gradual inclusion of the Jews into the ‚Heimatrecht‘ and citizenship in the Austrian monarchy since the Josephine reforms. The stony path of integration of the Jews into general citizenship which spans centuries and is marked by numerous setbacks allows to shed new light on the act of expatriation of the Austrian Jews during the Nazi regime.The stony path of integration of the Jews into general citizenship spans many centuries and is marked by numerous setbacks. It stretches from special royal protection of the Jews ('Judenregal') via Tolerance or 'Familienstelle' all the way to full citizenship. A description of this development allows to shed new light on the previously dimly lit act of expatriation of the Austrian Jews during the Nazi regime. This was a complex process running in several stages which, although similar to the rest of the German Reich, occurred at a somewhat later stage and already under the sign of flight and expulsion. However, the disenfranchisement and – literally and legally - depersonalization of the Austrian Jews was - so the argument - not just an act of targeted Nazi persecution, but the systematic reversal in rapid motion of the Jews' emancipation which had started at the end of the 18th century. What at first glance appears to have been an abstruse and cluttered convolution of Nazi regulatory activity turns out, on closer analysis, to have been a meticulous reversal of the historical process of 'Jewish emancipation'. Numerous case studies and three major biographical studies towards the end of the book show to what extent the 'Heimatrecht' and citizenship or, by contrast, the fate of statelessness determined the lives and identities of people - far beyond the time of the Austrian monarchy.
    Description: Vor dem Hintergrund der Entrechtung und Ausbürgerung der österreichischen Juden während der NS-Zeit wird hier der umgekehrte Prozess der stufenweisen Inklusion von Juden in Heimatrecht und Staatsbürgerschaft der österreichischen Monarchie seit den josephinischen Toleranzedikten beschrieben. Dabei zeigt sich nicht nur die Bedeutung der Erlangung der vollen staatsbürgerlichen Rechte für den gesellschaftlichen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Aufstieg der Juden, sondern auch wie sehr Heimatrecht und Staatsbürgerschaft - oder umgekehrt: Staatenlosigkeit - Leben und Identität von Menschen prägten, noch weit über die Monarchie hinaus.Vor dem Hintergrund der Entrechtung und Ausbürgerung der österreichischen Juden und Jüdinnen während der NS-Zeit wird hier der umgekehrte Prozess der stufenweisen Inklusion von Juden in Heimatrecht und Staatsbürgerschaft der österreichischen Monarchie seit den josephinischen Toleranzedikten beschrieben. Die Studie belegt nicht nur die Bedeutung der Erlangung der vollen staatsbürgerlichen Rechte für den gesellschaftlichen, ökonomischen und kulturellen Aufstieg der Juden, sondern ermöglicht zugleich auch einen neuen Blick auf die nationalsozialistische Judengesetzgebung, die hier als systematische, fast spiegelbildliche Rückführung der historischen „Judenemanzipation“ erscheint. Mit zahlreichen Fallbeispielen und biografischen Studien wird gezeigt, wie sehr Heimatrecht und Staatsbürgerschaft - oder umgekehrt: Staatenlosigkeit - Leben und Identität von Menschen prägten, noch weit über die Monarchie hinaus.
    Keywords: Citizenship ; jews ; jewish emancipation ; Austrian Jews ; Austrian Monarchy ; Josephine reforms ; tolerance ; Ausbürgerung ; Nazi regime ; Holocaust ; statelessness ; Austrian republic ; Heimatrecht ; Staatsbürgerschaft ; Juden ; Österreichische Juden ; Judenemanzipation ; Toleranz ; Josephinische Reformen ; Österreichische Monarchie ; Ausgleich ; Österreich-Ungarn ; Erste Republik ; Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung ; Ausbürgerung ; Holocaust ; Staatenlosigkeit ; Zweite Republik ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the year 1999 the project of the inventarisation of the historic gardens in Austria, financed by the Austrian Science Fund FWF was finished with the manuscript “Historic Gardens in Austria. Gardens and Parks from the Renaissance to 1930”. Since 1984 this project was in charge of the author with some other co-workers at the Technical University of Vienna, Department of Landscape Planning and Garden History. This first Austrian inventory tended to consider public and private gardens, parks and artistically formed landscapes of all nine Austrian states from the Renaissance to about 1930 in a systematic manner. In the years of the inventarisation over 1750 historic gardens and parks were discovered, photographed and described. For the publication this numerous and mostly unknown quantity of gardens and parks was arranged in typological groups: gardens and parks of ecclesiastic dwelling-houses as monasteries, convents and cloisters, episcopal and provost buildings, parsonages, gardens and parks of profane buildings as castles, chateaus, palaces, manor-houses, country-houses, villas, dwelling-buildings, development houses, farmhouses, mills, factories, public buildings (monumental buildings) of culture (museum, theatre), education (school, university, botanic garden, arboretum), healing and welfare work (hospital, sanatorium, old people´s home, residential home, youth welfare home), administration (office, embassy), catering and hotel industry and tourism ( hotel, inn, restaurant), sport, recreation and leisure ( swimming-bath, shooting-stand, amusement park, leisure centre), public gardens and parks (without any main-building) as green places, village parks, town parks, village woods, town woods, parks of a spa, memorial parks, promenades, green outside staircases. With the elaboration of the results of the inventarisation, with the consideration of the trade literature, historic maps, plans, views, pictures and other source materials it was possible to present the first documentation of the existing historic gardens and parks in Austria in three volumes, published 2002-2004 (Böhlau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar). This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic garden substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage.
    Description: 1999 konnte das vom Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung finanzierte Projekt "Inventarisierung der historischen Gärten Österreichs" mit der Vorlage des Manuskriptes "Historische Gärten Österreichs. Erste Erfassung der Garten- und Parkanlagen von der Renaissance bis um 1930" beendet werden. Seit dem Jahr 1984 wurde dieses Projekt am Institut für Landschaftsplanung und Gartenkunst der Technischen Universität Wien gemeinsam mit Mitarbeitern durch die Verfasserin bearbeitet. Diese erstmals für Österreich durchgeführte Bestandsaufnahme hatte zum Ziel, öffentliche und private Parks, Gärten und künstlerisch gestaltete Landschaftsteile aller österreichischen Bundesländer in einem zeitlichen Entstehungsrahmen von der Renaissance bis gegen 1930 systematisch zu erfassen. Bisher lag eine solche Übersicht der noch erhaltenen Anlagen in Österreich nicht vor; es konnten im Laufe der Bestandsaufnahme vor Ort über 1700 historische Gärten und Parks inventarisiert werden. Dieser Gartenbestand wurde für die vorgesehene Veröffentlichung in typologischen Gruppen erschlossen: Gärten und Parks zu kirchlichen Wohnbauten: Stift, Kloster, Bischofshof, Stiftshof, Dechanthof, Propstei, Pfarrhof; Gärten und Parks zu weltlichen Bauten: Burg, Schloß, Ansitz, Edelsitz, Herrenhaus, Freisitz, Freihof, Sitz, Schlößl, Landsitz, Palast (Palais), Stadtpalais, Gartenpalais, Landhaus, Gutshaus, Villa, Wohnhaus (städtisches Wohnhaus, Mehrfamilienhaus, Einfamilienhaus, Siedlung, Bauernhaus, Mühle, Forsthaus, Fabrik, Werk; öffentliche Bauten (Monumentalbauten): Kultur: Museum, Theater; Bildung: Schule, Universität (Botanischer Garten, Dendrologischer Garten/Arboretum, Lehrgarten, Versuchswirtschaft); Heilung und Fürsorge: Krankenhaus (Spital), Sanatorium (Kuranstalt), Altersheim, Wohnheim, Kinderheim; Verwaltung: Amtsgebäude, Verwaltungsgebäude, Bürogebäude, Botschaft; Gastgewerbe und Fremdenverkehr: Hotel, Gasthof; Sport, Erholung und Freizeit: Bad, Schießstand, Vergnügungspark; öffentliche Gärten und Parks (Anlagen ohne Bindung an ein bauliches "Mutterobjekt"): Anger, Ortsplatz, Stadtplatz, Ortspark, Stadtpark, Ortswald, Stadtwald, Kurpark, Naturpark, Gedenkpark, Promenade, Treppenanlage; sonstige Grünanlagen und Begrünungen (z.B.Gedenkstätte). Mit der Ausarbeitung der Ergebnisse der Erfassung, mit der Bearbeitung der Primär- und Sekundärliteratur, historischer Karten, Pläne und Ansichten und sonstiger Quellen kann somit die erste Dokumentation des vorhandenen Bestandes an historischen Gärten und Parks in Österreich vorgewiesen werden. Diese flächendeckende Übersicht macht den reichen Bestand an historischer Gartensubstanz bekannt, stellt Grundlagen für die weitere wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit der österreichischen Gartenkunst und Gartenkultur zur Verfügung und bietet Informationen für Maßnahmen zur Sicherung und Erhaltung dieses wichtigen kulturellen Erbes.
    Keywords: Historic gardens ; historic parks ; public open spaces ; garden history ; garden art ; garden culture ; garden inventory ; cultural heritage ; garden preservation ; garden conservation ; historische Gärten ; historische Parks ; Inventarisierung historischer Gärten ; Erfassung historischer Gärten ; Gartenkunst ; Gartenkultur ; Barock ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Up to the 1980s prisoners of war were hardly even mentioned in military history. Only in recent years have scientists acknowledged the importance of this topic. For their investigations some of them chose the First World War, especially the Eastern front, where more than 5 million soldiers were captured until the revolutionary events of 1917/18. Contrary to the few existing studies, the present publication concentrates more on the evaluation of captivity in the historical background rather than on the description of "POW-fates" in "the hands of their enemies". It therefore focuses on the meaning of captivity and repatriation during the Russian Revolution and the establishment of the Communist International. Based on documents of the central archives in Vienna and Moscow, the thesis comes to the following results: On the one hand, conflicts between the soldiers of the Central Powers in the former Tsarist empire, in particular between the Austro-Hungarian nationalities, for example between the "Bolshevik internationalists" and the "Czech Legion", played a decisive role in the beginning of an Eastern European "period of confusion" which can hardly be entitled a "Russian Civil War". On the other hand, former prisoners functioned as founders of the Comintern and leaders of the first communist parties outside Soviet Russia. The activities of POWs thus marked the starting point of the international cadrerecruitment for the Comintern, which became a significant aspect in the foreign politics of the "first proletarian republic" and consequently in the so called "short 20th century" defined by the existance of the USSR and its "satellite states".
    Description: Zwischen 1914 und 1918 gerieten 1,4 Millionen "Soldaten des Zaren" in Gewahrsam der deutschen Truppen. Mindestens eine knappe Million brachten die österreichisch-ungarischen Streitkräfte ein. In Rußland, Turkestan und Sibirien wiederum wurden ungefähr zwei Millionen Heeresangehörige der Mittelmächte festgehalten; der überwiegende Teil davon stammte aus der Donaumonarchie. Erstmals ist es nun möglich, dieses Massenphänomen des Ersten Weltkrieges zu überblicken. In mehr als fünfjähriger Forschungsarbeit haben die Autoren Material aus insgesamt fünfzehn russischen und österreichischen Archiven zusammengetragen. Unter Einbeziehung gedruckter Quellen, allen voran mehr als 80 Zeitungen und Zeitschriften sowie rund 150 Memoiren, kann nun ein facettenreiches Gesamtbild der Kriegsgefangenenproblematik in Mittel- und Osteuropa gezeichnet werden. Neben dem Ziel, der Historiographie wissenschaftliches Neuland zu erschließen, ging es allerdings bei den Untersuchungen auch darum, die politische Bedeutung der Thematik in der revolutionären Epoche von 1917 bis 1920 zu bewerten. Eine Frage rückte dabei immer mehr in den Mittelpunkt: Welchen Einfluß haben die "in Feindeshand geratenen Soldaten" auf die frühe Entwicklung des Kommunismus ausgeübt? Abgesehen von ihrer Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Versuche sozialrevolutionärer und nationaler Kräfte, die Gefangenen ideologisch zu beeinflussen, sind die Verfasser in dieser Hinsicht vor allem bemüht, zwei Aspekte hervorzuheben: Erstens ist die Anwesenheit hunderttausender deutscher, österreichischer und ungarischer Soldaten auf dem Territorium des untergegangenen Romanovimperiums eng mit dem Ausbruch jener Konflikte verknüpft, die sich bei vorliegendem Kenntnisstand nur schwer unter dem Begriff "russischer Bürgerkrieg" subsumieren lassen. Zweitens bildet das Netzwerk probolschewistischer Gefangenen- und Heimkehrervereinigungen inner- und außerhalb des Machtbereichs der Bol´seviki den Kern der entstehenden Kommunistischen Internationale. Studien zu den Anfängen der Sowjetunion und der Komintern haben in Hinkunft Aspekte der Kriegsgefangenschaft und ihrer Folgewirkungen größeren Stellenwert einzuräumen
    Keywords: First Wold War ; Eastern front ; prisoners ; Erster Weltkrieg ; Ostmitteleuropa ; Kommunismusforschung ; Kriegsgefangenenforschung ; Russland ; Ungarn ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 67
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    De Gruyter
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Keywords: H1-99 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: This volume explores the questions related to the theory, practice, and policy of the well-being and well-becoming of children. It does so in a truly interdisciplinary way with a focus on the social sciences and philosophy, giving therefore justice to the growing insight that studying and promoting the well-being of children has a strong ethical component. It is dependent on the questions of good life, its conditions and cannot be separated from the concept of social justice and moral entitlements of children and their families. In this book, philosophers and social scientists, in close dialogue, shed light on some of the most challenging matters involved.
    Keywords: D1-2009 ; QA1-939 ; H1-99 ; emotions ; culture ; motivation ; history ; social science ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: This book offers a new approach to the extraordinary story of Timor-Leste. The Indonesian invasion of the former Portuguese colony in 1975 was widely considered to have permanently crushed the Timorese independence movement. Initial international condemnation of the invasion was quickly replaced by widespread acceptance of Indonesian sovereignty. But inside Timor-Leste various resistance networks maintained their struggle, against all odds. Twenty-four years later, the Timorese were allowed to choose their political future and the new country of Timor-Leste came into being in 2002. This book presents freedom in Timor-Leste as an accomplishment of networked governance, arguing that weak networks are capable of controlling strong tyrannies. Yet, as events in Timor-Leste since independence show, the nodes of networks of freedom can themselves become nodes of tyranny. The authors argue that constant renewal of liberation networks is critical for peace with justice – feminist networks for the liberation of women, preventive diplomacy networks for liberation of victims of war, village development networks, civil society networks. Constant renewal of the separation of powers is also necessary. A case is made for a different way of seeing the separation of powers as constitutive of the republican ideal of freedom as non-domination. The book is also a critique of realism as a theory of international affairs and of the limits of reforming tyranny through the centralised agency of a state sovereign. Reversal of Indonesia’s 1975 invasion of Timor-Leste was an implausible accomplishment. Among the things that achieved it was principled engagement with Indonesia and its democracy movement by the Timor resistance. Unprincipled engagement by Australia and the United States in particular allowed the 1975 invasion to occur. The book argues that when the international community regulates tyranny responsively, with principled engagement, there is hope for a domestic politics of nonviolent transformation for freedom and justice. John Braithwaite and Hilary Charlesworth work in the Centre for International Justice and Governance, Regulatory Institutions Network, The Australian National University. Adérito Soares is the Anti-Corruption Commissioner for Timor-Leste.
    Keywords: politics and government ; relations ; australia ; timor-leste ; history ; autonomy ; East Timor ; Fretilin ; Indonesia ; United Nations ; Xanana Gusmão ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: The main theme of this volume is a discussion of the ways in which legal mechanisms, such as the Land Groups Incorporation Act (1974) in PNG, and the Native Title Act (1993) in Australia, do not, as they purport, serve merely to identify and register already-existing customary indigenous landowning groups in these countries. Because the legislation is an integral part of the way in which indigenous people are defined and managed in relation to the State, it serves to elicit particular responses in landowner organisation and self-identification on the part of indigenous people. These pieces of legislation actively contour the progressive evolution of landowner social, territorial and political organisation at all levels in these nation states. The contributors to this volume provide in-depth anthropological case studies of social structural and cultural transformations engendered by the confrontation between states, developers and indigenous communities over rights to customarily owned land.
    Keywords: australia ; land tenure ; social aspects ; aboriginal australians ; papua new guinea ; history ; land use ; anthropology ; Customary land ; Independent Label Group ; Indigenous Australians ; Portable Network Graphics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In Kärnten steht man der katholischen Kirche distanzierter gegenüber als in anderen österreichischen Bundesländern. Vieles deutet darauf hin, dass dies eng mit den politischen und gesellschaftlichen Eigenheiten des Landes zu tun hat. So staunt man außerhalb Kärntens über ungewöhnliche Wahlergebnisse, den Konflikt um die slowenische Sprache oder den hohen Anteil an unehelichen Kindern. Johannes Thonhauser zeigt in seiner historischen Untersuchung, inwiefern diese Phänomene mit einer weitverbreiteten Kirchenskepsis zusammenhängen. Als Schlüsselphase dafür beschreibt er die Zeit vor dem „Anschluss" 1938, in der sich der Nationalsozialismus im Widerstand gegen eine autoritäre Kirche formierte. Zugleich verfestigten sich in dieser Zeit zentrale Erinnerungstraditionen des Landes, die bis heute die „Kärntner Seele" prägen. Als Belegmaterial dienen dem Autor nicht nur bislang unveröffentlichtes Archivmaterial, sondern auch zahlreiche Auszüge aus Literatur und Kunst des Landes.
    Keywords: History ; Kärnten ; Austrofaschismus ; Habitus ; Nationalsozialistische Bewegung ; Religionssoziologie ; Österreich ; 20. Jahrhundert ; Christliche Theologie ; Religionsgeschichte ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: In Signs of the Wali, Dr Tommy Christomy focuses on the one of the early founders of Islam on Java, Shakyh Abdul Muhyi, whose burial site at Pamijahan in Tasikmalaya is a place of contemporary ziarah. This study initially conceived of as a philological exploration of historical manuscripts has been transformed into a study of ‘living manuscripts’ – the contemporary narratives of the custodians at Pamijahan. As elsewhere in the Islamic world, tarekat and ziarah intersect in popular practice at Pamijahan. Dr Christomy explores this intersecting world, explaining the steps of his own research investigations that enfold as a journey of discovery as he proceeds. This investigation involves the search for traces of Tarekat Shattiriyyah in Pamijahan, given the pervasive presence of Tarekat Qadirriyah-Nashabandiyyah throughout Tasikmalaya. That Tarekat Shattiriyyah survives to this day is itself evidence of the tenacity that its historical roots have established in a particular place.
    Keywords: islam ; culture ; history ; indonesia ; rites ; java ; ceremonies ; Allah ; Javanese historical texts ; Sufism ; Sundanese people ; Tariqa ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: “Visualizations of cult“ deals with the strategies of visual representations of cult as well as with concretisations of its visualization, in the perspective of historical and cultural studies. Cult is understood in a broad sense, describing modes of collective veneration and auratization, in religious, quasi-religious or trivial-profane connections. Cult practice and experience and their manifestations are treated under five aspects: (1) objects: staging of cult, (2) subjects: experiences of cult, (3) cult of persons, (4) spaces of cult, (5) manifestations of cult practice.
    Description: “Visualisierungen von Kult” behandelt die Strategien visueller Darstellung von Kult sowie Konkretisierungen seiner Visualisierung aus historisch-kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Kult ist weit gefasst und beschreibt Formen der kollektiven Verehrung und Auratisierung, in religiösen, quasi-religiösen oder trivial-profanen Zusammenhängen. Es werden Praktiken und Erfahrung von Kult und ihre Manifestationen in fünf Themenkomplexen untersucht: (1) Objekte: Inszenierungen von Kult, (2) Subjekte: Erfahrungen von Kult, (3) Personenkult, (4) Kulträume sowie (5) Manifestationen von Kultpraxis.
    Keywords: Visual and cultural studies ; visual communication ; symbolic communication ; media studies ; self-representation ; cult ; cult of persons ; votive practice ; religion ; sacred space ; iconography ; narration ; Classical Archaeology ; History of Art ; History ; History of Science ; European Ethnology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Numismatics ; Geology ; film studies ; television ; politics ; architecture ; antiquity ; middle ages ; 20th century ; Vienna ; Pöggstall ; Austria ; Athens ; Byzantium ; Serbia ; Kosovo ; Ukraine ; Portugal ; Soma Morgenstern ; Antonio Salazar ; Slobodan Milošević ; Theo Angelopoulos ; Anna Stainer-Knittel ; Geier-Wally ; heroes ; churches in Vienna ; votive terracottas ; Erechtheum ; foundation sacrifices. ; Visuelle Kulturgeschichte ; visuelle Kommunikation ; symbolische Kommunikation ; mediale Inszenierung ; Selbstdarstellung ; Kult ; Personenkult ; Votivpraxis ; Religion ; sakrale Räume ; Ikonographie ; Narration ; Klassische Archäologie ; Kunstgeschichte ; Geschichte ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Europäische Ethnologie ; K ; António de Oliveira Salazar ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: In the early decades of the 19th century, Indigenous Australians suffered devastating losses at the hands of British colonists, who largely ignored their sovereignty and even their humanity. At the same time, however, a new wave of Christian humanitarians were arriving in the colonies, troubled by Aboriginal suffering and arguing that colonists had obligations towards the people they had dispossessed. These white philanthropists raised questions which have shaped Australian society ever since. Did Indigenous Australians have rights to land, rationing, education and cultural survival? If so, how should these be guaranteed, and what would people have to give up in return? Would charity and paternalism lead to effective government or dismal failure – to a powerful defence of an oppressed people, or to new forms of oppression? In Good Faith? paints a vivid picture of life on Australia’s first missions and protectorate stations, examining the tensions between charity and rights, empathy and imperialism, as well as the intimacy, dependence, resentment and obligations that developed between missionary philanthropists and the people they tried to protect and control. In this work, Mitchell brings to life hitherto neglected moments in Australia’s history, and traces the origins of dilemmas still present today.
    Keywords: politics and government ; australia ; social conditions ; aboriginal australians ; colonization ; 19th century ; Church Mission Society ; Indigenous Australians ; Indigenous peoples ; Missionary ; Philanthropy ; WMMS ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 75
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Brody, a town today lying in Western Ukraine, became part of the Habsburg Empire following the First Partition of Poland in 1772. Until Austria-Hungary's collapse at the end of the First World War the town was right on the border with Poland (until 1795) and later with Russia (until 1918). This book embraces a timespan of almost 150 years, excluding the First World War. It examines Brody's economic and social history in the first two sections; the third section is dedicated to the perception of the town's Austrian past. The most important material which serves as the basis for this work are archival sources mainly holdings in L'viv, Vienna, Paris and Kraków as well as published sources such as statistics, administrative handbooks and travel reports. During the 18th and the early 19th century Brody was a major commercial hub in Central and Eastern Europe. Only in the last decades of the 19th century the city transformed from a centre of international trade and cultural importance into a peripheral town at the Galician-Russian border. Whether we should consider the case of Brody as a history of failure depends on one's perspective: From a macroeconomic point of view Brody's performance would not qualify as a success story, because the city failed to embrace an urbanisation and modernisation that was so characteristic for cities in this period. From the Galician perspective, however, the economical transformation of Brody was desirable, because the city's former international orientation had led to a certain self isolation from its Galician surroundings. Thus, from a regional point of view Brody's shrinking proved the city's successful integration into the social and political realities of the Crownland. Several features distinguished Brody from other Galician towns even at the beginning of the twentieth century. No other Austro-Hungarian town was so predominantly Jewish, with Roman-Catholic Poles and Greek-Catholic Ukrainians never accounting for more than a third of the total population. Moreover Brody continued to play a certain role in Jewish thinking, in Rabbinic-Talmudic scholarship as well as in the spread of the Haskalah in east central Europe. In close connection with the strong support of Brody's Jewish elites for the Enlightenment, the German language kept its importance many decades longer than in other Galician cities. However, by the outbreak of the First World War even Brody's Jewish elites had switched from an orientation towards the German-speaking centre of the Empire to a certain degree of auto-polonisation. Special to Brody was also the strong commitment of the city and its environs to Russophile currents, whereas in the rest of Galicia the Ukrainian national movement rapidly gained popularity at the turn of the century. The dichotomy between the extraordinary Brody and the typical Galician Brody wittingly or unwittingly shaped the city's perception in travel reports, literature and mental images. Today there are different ways of remembering Habsburg Brody. They mostly but not exclusively run along ethnic lines and omit the non-national. Sometimes the national narratives differ so much that we get the impression that they talk about completely different cities. Besides partly overlapping Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish, Austrian and Soviet lieux de mémoire we also find places where we can trace the town's former economic, administrative or cultural functions in present day Brody.
    Description: Das heute in der Westukraine gelegene Brody wurde im Zuge der Ersten Teilung Polens 1772 Teil der Habsburgermonarchie und war rund 150 Jahre lang die nordöstlichste Grenzstadt des Landes, zunächst zu Polen (bis 1795) danach zu Russland. Das vorliegende Buch behandelt die gesamte österreichischer Zeit exklusive des Ersten Weltkriegs. Die ersten beiden Teile analysieren Brody aus wirtschafts- bzw. gesellschaftsgeschichtlicher Sicht, während im dritten Teil die unterschiedlichen zeitgenössischen und heutigen Wahrnehmungen Brodys thematisiert werden. Die ersten beiden Abschnitte entsprechen einer klassischen historischen Herangehensweise, bestehend aus der Analyse von Archivmaterial (v.a. aus Lemberg, Wien, Krakau und Paris), publizierten Quellen (Statistiken, Schematismen, Reiseberichte) und Sekundärliteratur. Der letzte Teil ist hingegen literatur- bzw. kulturwissenschaftlich gearbeitet und umfasst eine Analyse von Erinnerungsbüchern, Reiseberichten und Belletristik, sowie einen Bildteil. Brody war im 18. und frühen 19. Jhd. eine der wichtigsten Handelsdrehscheiben Ost(mittel)europas. Erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten des 19. Jhd. entwickelte sich Brody von einer Handelsstadt europäischen Formats zu einer peripheren galizischen Kleinstadt an der österreichisch-russischen Grenze. Ob man diesen Bedeutungsverlust als Misserfolgsgeschichte wertet oder nicht, hängt vom jeweiligen Blickwinkel ab: Aus makroökonomischer Perspektive ist der Niedergang offensichtlich, da Brody den von Technisierung und Industrialisierung geprägten Urbanisierungs- und Modernisierungstendenzen der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jhd. diametral entgegen steht. Aus galizischer Sicht hingegen war die Redimensionierung Brodys wünschenswert, da die einstige internationale Ausrichtung Brodys zu einer gewissen Abkapselung der Stadt von ihrer Umgebung geführt hatte. Brodys Bedeutungsverlust war gleichsam der Beweis für die erfolgreiche Integration der Stadt in die gesellschaftlichen und politischen Verhältnisse des Kronlands. Brody hatte zu Beginn des 20. Jhd. Eigenheiten, die es von anderen galizischen Städten klar unterschied. Keine andere Stadt Österreich-Ungarns kannte ein derartiges Übergewicht der jüdischen Bevölkerung über die römisch-katholischen Polen und griechisch-katholischen Ukrainer. In der jüdischen Geistesgeschichte, sowohl als Ort rabbinischer Gelehrsamkeit, als auch als Zentrum der Haskala, so wie als Zufluchtsort für Pogromopfer, spielte Brody eine bedeutende Rolle. In den höheren Bildungsschichten dominierte die deutsche Sprache auffallend lange; erst Jahrzehnte später als andere jüdische Gemeinden Galiziens gaben die Brodyer Eliten ihre Orientierung am deutschsprachigen Zentrum zugunsten einer Selbstpolonisierung auf. Die starke Verankerung der russophilen Bewegung in Brody ist ebenfalls ungewöhnlich im Galizien des frühen 20. Jhd., wo die ukrainische Nationalbewegung rasant an Boden gewann. Die Gegensätzlichkeit zwischen dem ungewöhnlichen Brody und dem typisch galizischen Brody prägte, bewusst oder unbewusst, die damalige und heutige Wahrnehmung dieser Stadt in Reiseberichten, Belletristik und geistigen Bildern. Die Erinnerung an das habsburgische Brody ist nicht einheitlich und verläuft heute meist entlang nationaler Linien, was zuweilen den Eindruck erweckt es handle sich um gänzlich unterschiedliche Städte. Man findet im heutigen Brody neben sich teilweise überlagernden ukrainischen, polnischen, jüdischen, österreichischen und sowjetischen Gedächtnisorte auch solche die auf das wirtschaftliche, kulturelle oder administrative Erbe der Stadt verweisen.
    Keywords: Transeuropean Economic History ; Failure ; Galician Jewry ; Multicultural Lebenswelten ; Border Town ; Perception in the Longue Durée ; Brody (Ukraine) ; Galizien ; Juden ; Polen ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This volume of abstracts of charters Emperor Frederick´s III in the series Regesta Imperii focusses on the last decade of his rule, in particular on the years between 1483 and 1488. They are based on the original charters in the Allgemeine Urkundenreihe and Familienurkunden in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna and its collections of copies of those charters that have not come down to us in the original, all of which serve to illustrate a number of major historical aspects: Defension of hereditary territories against the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus, consolidation of the empire in the West, the joint rule of the Emperor and his son Maximilian I.
    Description: Der Band Regesten Kaiser Friedrichs III., in der Reihe der Regesta Imperii nimmt das letzte Regierungsjahrzehnt des Habsburgischen Kaisers – im Speziellen den Zeitraum von 1483 bis 1488 – in den Blick. Inhaltlich bilden die für die Untersuchung herangezogenen Diplome aus der Allgemeinen Urkundenreihe des Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchivs in Wien, aus den Familienurkunden sowie aus den nur abschriftlich vorhandenen Diplomen einige historisch wesentliche Themenkreise ab: Verteidigung der Erbländer gegen Matthias Corvinus, Sicherung des Reiches im Westen, Doppelregierung mit Maximilian I.
    Keywords: late middle age ; diplomacy ; Emperor Frederick III ; Spätmittelalter ; Diplomatik ; Kaiser Friedrich III. ; Graz ; Lehnswesen ; Perg ; Pfleger (Mittelalter) ; Revers (Numismatik) ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 77
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    ANU Press | ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The years 1921–57 marked a period of immense upheaval for Australia as the nation navigated economic crises, the threat of aggressive Japanese expansion and shifting power distributions with the world transitioning from British leadership to that of the US. This book offers a reassessment of Australia's foreign policy origins and maturation during these tumultuous years. Successive Australian governments carefully observed these global and regional forces. The policy that developed in response was an integrated one—that is, one that sought to balance Australia's particular geopolitical circumstances with great power relationships and, in assessing the value of these relationships, ensure that the nation’s trade, security and diplomatic interests were served. Amid the economic and strategic uncertainty of the interwar years, the Australian government acknowledged the shifting power distributions in the global and Asia-Pacific orders and that neither the policies of Britain nor the US completely served the national interest. The nation, accordingly, sought to intervene within the policies of the great powers to ensure its particular interests were secured. This geopolitically informed, interventionist approach, which had its genesis in the 1930s, is traced throughout the 1940s and 1950s, highlighting Australia’s gradual and uneven transition from the British world order to that of the US and the frank assessments made about which relationship best served Australia’s interests. The Genesis of a Policy identifies a comprehensive and pragmatic approach—albeit not always effectively executed—in Australian foreign policy tradition that has not been previously examined.
    Keywords: foreign policy ; history ; National Interest ; Asia Pacific ; Australia ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHM Australasian and Pacific history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3M c 1500 onwards to present day::3MP 20th century, c 1900 to c 1999 ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Non governmental organizations; Women; History; Papua new guinea
    Keywords: papua new guinea ; history ; non governmental organizations ; women ; Australian Aid ; Bougainville Island ; Buka Island ; Conflict resolution ; Non-governmental organization ; Peacebuilding ; Women's rights ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJV Ownership and organization of enterprises::KJVX Non-profitmaking organizations
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This monograph on Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer (1719-1775) consists of forteen chapters, that after having given an overall curriculum, depict the various stations in the painter's working process. Special emphasis has been given to such criteria as the socio-economic, political and esthetic impacts, that shaped the development of this intriguing artist. Mildorfer was born into a distinguished family of painters in Innsbruck, where he was taught the basics of his profession. However, he was also exposed to the newly imported paintings from southern Germany, which at this time sparked Tyrolian tradition with international flavor. Partly due to those early stimuli, the young painter managed to instantly gain the renowned "big prize" of the Academy, upon his arrival in Imperial Vienna. This distinction was a prerequisite to any further career. Praised by his contemporaries as the most prodigious pupil of Paul Troger, Mildorfer soon was offered remarkable employments. His first major task, the complete decoration of the pilgrimage church at Hafnerberg near Vienna, comprising works in fresco and oil was soon to be followed by a commission from the Imperial court. But Austria was plagued by a raging War of Succession, which cast its shadow upon the job market, forcing Mildorfer to venture out into alternative fields. This he found in the painting of battlescenes. In this genre the young artist produced works of such rebellious intenseness that surpassed all his colleagues' endeavors and saved him a special niche. It might well be that those particular paintings drew the attention of the last great sponsers of the monarchy to Mildorfer, resulting in his being appointed painter of the court to the Duchess of Savoy, neé Maria Theresia Princess of Liechtenstein. (By way of scholarly work in the Princely Archives of Liechtenstein we have now established answers to questions regarding character and extend of Mildorfers work for the Duchess, that up till now has been obscured). In addition this period marked the beginning of a long lasting relationship with various branches of the Esterházy family, culminating in Mildorfer's appointment to Esterháza. Here he was commissioned to paint al fresco in Duke Nikolaus Esterházy's castle, one of the last manifestations of feudal style, the elaborate adornment of which promted the Duke with the attribute "The Magnificent". When Mildorfer was elected Professor at the Academy (kaiserlich-königliche Hofakademie der Mahler, Bildhauer und Baukunst) this not only marked the zenith of his career but also had major impact on one of the most thrilling phenomena within eighteenth century Viennese art. It was under his leadership that a movement took center stage, that was aprostophized the "Einheitsstil der Wiener Akademie". Carried out by an array of his scholars, notably Franz Anton Maubertsch this faszinating manifestation had Mildorfer's ideas at its core. With his contributions in the Crown Lands of the Habsburg monarchy in mind, his work makes him a typical Central-European artist of the eighteenth century. However some of his lesser graspable traits can only be understood out of the "Zeitgeist" and must be explained under the term of "painter of the sensibility". Since Mildorfer is the link between Paul Troger, his teacher and Franz Anton Maulbertsch, his student, a comprehensive biography of this artist is an absolute must. Only that makes a profound understanding of the third generation of Austrian barock-painting possible.
    Description: Die vorliegende Monographie über den Maler Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer (1719-1775) umfasst vierzehn Kapitel, die mit dem Lebenslauf beginnend die verschiedenen Etappen im Werk des Malers veranschaulichen. Dabei wurde grosser Wert auf die soziologischen, politischen und ästhetischen Kriterien gelegt, welche die Entwicklung dieses eigenwilligen Künstlers bestimmten. In eine angesehene Malerfamilie in Innsbruck geboren, erlebte Mildorfer neben seiner konventionellen Ausbildung in der väterlichen Werkstatt hier auch den Beginn einer internationalen Monumentalmalerei, die erst durch den Import süddeutscher Maler auf tiroler Boden um sich griff. Mit diesen frühen Anregungen versehen, gelang es dem jungen Maler bei seiner Ankunft in der Kaiserstadt denn auch mit erstaunlicher Sicherheit den, für eine erfolgreiche Karriere imperativen, grossen Preis der Wiener Akademie zu gewinnen. Im Fahrwasser Paul Trogers, als dessen begabtester Schüler er von den Zeitgenossen gerühmt wurde, stellten sich in rascher Folge prestigereiche Angebote ein. Dem erstaunlich grossen Erstlingswerk, der malerischen Gesamtausstattung der Wallfahrtskirche am Hafnerberg, schloss sich bald der erste kaiserliche Auftrag an. Doch Österreich befand sich im Erbfolgekrieg, der die künstlerische Auftragssituation ernstlich bedrohte und auch Mildorfer zwang, nach Alternativen zu suchen. Und solche fand er in der Schlachtenmalerei. In diesem Genre schuf der junge Künstler Werke von einer aufrührenden Intensität, die ihn weit über seine Kollegen an der Akademie herausragen liessen, und ihm eine eigene Nische boten. Sicherlich machten gerade diese Bilder die letzten grossen Mäzene der Monarchie auf Mildorfer aufmerksam, was zu seiner Berufung als Hofmaler der Herzogin Maria Theresia von Savoyen, geborener Prinzessin von Liechtenstein führte, und eine lang anhaltende Zusammenarbeit mit den verschiedenen Zweigen der Familie Esterházy nach sich zog. Als Krönung rief Nikolaus Fürst Esterházy Mildorfer schliesslich nach Esterháza, um jenes Schloss zu freskieren, dessen aufwendige Gestaltung seinem Besitzer den Beinamen "der Prachtliebende" bescherte. (Die gründliche Aufarbeitung des Fürstlich Liechtensteinischen Archivs in Vaduz beantwortet nun endlich die Frage nach Art und Ausmass des tradierten, aber nie geklärten Arbeitsverhältnisses unseres Malers mit dem Hause Liechtenstein). Mildorfers Wahl zum wiener Akademieprofessor markierte nicht nur den Höhepunkt dieses Künstlerlebens, sondern spielte auch ganz wesentlich in eines der spannendsten Kapitel der wiener Kunst des 18. Jahrhunderts hinein. Unter seiner Ägide nämlich entstand hier der vielzitierte "Einheitsstil der Wiener Akademie", der von der Fülle seiner Schüler, allen voran Franz Anton Maulbetsch getragen wurde und Mildorfer zum Urheber dieses faszinierenden Phänomens macht. Die Arbeiten in den ehemaligen Kronländern kompletieren sein Werk als das eines typischen Mitteleuropäers des 18. Jahrhunderts. Manche, der oft schwer nachvollziehbaren Eigenschaften dieses kontroversen Malers müssen allerdings aus dem Zeitgeist gedeutet, und unter dem Begriff "Maler der Empfindsamkeit" verständlich gemacht werden. Mildorfer umfassend zu bearbeiten ist ein Desideratum, denn ohne ihn als Verbindungsglied zwischen Paul Troger, seinem Lehrer und Franz Anton Maulbertsch, seinem Schüler voll zu erfassen, wird immer ein Baustein im Gefüge der österreichischen Barockmalerei fehlen.
    Keywords: Painter of the court Liechtenstein-Savoy ; Professor at the Academy ; Tirolian Painter ; Student of Paul Troger ; Co-founder of the "Einheitsstil der Wiener Akademi ; Teacher of Franz Anton Maulbertsch ; Fresko ; Innsbruck ; Malerei ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Why do people become criminals? What causes delinquent behavior? Such questions occupy experts as well as the general public – and there is more reciprocal exchange of ideas between them than one might at first imagine. Sabine Freitag examines both the sites of knowledge production and the spaces in civil society where expert hypotheses are debated.
    Keywords: DA1-995 ; HV1-9960 ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 81
    facet.materialart.
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Radical Spaces explores the rise of popular radicalism in London between 1790 and 1845 through key sites of radical assembly: the prison, the tavern and the radical theatre. Access to spaces in which to meet, agitate and debate provided those excluded from the formal arenas of the political nation–the great majority of the population–a crucial voice in the public sphere. Radical Spaces utilises both textual and visual public records, private correspondence and the secret service reports from the files of the Home Office to shed new light on the rise of plebeian radicalism in the metropolis. It brings the gendered nature of such sites to the fore, finding women where none were thought to gather, and reveals that despite the diversity in these spaces, there existed a dynamic and symbiotic relationship between radical culture and the sites in which it operated. These venues were both shaped by and helped to shape the political identity of a generation of radical men and women who envisioned a new social and political order for Britain.
    Keywords: radicalism ; politics and government ; customs ; social life ; 18th century ; great britain ; London ; Public sphere ; Working class ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Australia has a proud history of being an international leader in electoral administration, and Australian electoral commissions continue to have a professional, non-partisan approach to the management of elections. Yet their independence is constrained by the electoral laws they need to administer, and parliamentary committees charged with the oversight of the conduct of elections do so with a clear partisan bias. Elections are all about winners, but who decides who the winners will be? Voters definitely have a big say, but it is the electoral system that determines how votes translate into seats in parliament. Any changes to the electoral system require the support of those in power, and it is important to question who benefits from electoral reforms. It is not surprising that partisanship plays a role and that governing parties usually benefit, although that is not always the case. This book assesses Australian electoral reforms of the past 30 years using personal interview data and parliamentary debates, to provide a picture of the reform process as well as the outcomes. These issues, such as who gets to vote, the use of postal voting, party registration and vote weighting, have a profound impact on who wins elections. The book also examines Australia’s electoral administration, testing for professionalism, independence and integrity.
    Keywords: politics and government ; australia ; history ; elections ; Northern Territory ; Postal voting ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This publication, which includes contributions from German, French and American academics, pays tribute to the multi faceted researcher Ernst Kris (1900 Vienna -1957 New York) from the perspective of different disciplines. In fact one needs three job descriptions to chart his output: art historian, psychoanalyst and communication scientist. At 22, Kris had concluded his art history studies at Vienna University with a doctoral thesis on the technique of casting from life in the late Renaissance, and had worked as a curator at the Kunsthistorisches Museum. By the middle of the 1920s he had already met Sigmund Freud and started an analysis – which made him slowly turn away from classical art history. In this period he developed his most interesting and fruitful texts, which founded his reputation as an art psychologist: his studies on the early classicist sculptor Franz Xaver Messerschmidt (1932/33), the text “On the psychology of caricature” (1934) and the small book he co-authored with Otto Kurz: “The Legend of the Artist” (1934). In 1938, immediately after the “Anschluss”, Kris followed Freud into exile in London, and in 1940 he moved with his family to New York. Here he initially devoted himself primarily to questions of communication science, setting up working groups to analyse the propaganda of the Axis alliance with astonishing speed. Later he taught at the New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, concentrating on child psychology. He set up research units at the Yale Child Study Center and from 1945 he edited the newly founded journal “The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child”. He died in New York, highly respected as an important advocate of Ego-Psychology. Thus Kris developed, partly through choice and partly by force of circumstance, a multi-disciplinary approach which is more in demand than ever today: due to the broadening of art history into a science of images, the questions that a psychologically aware communication science is confronted with today, and the recent understanding of psychoanalysis as a form of cultural investigation. Bearing this view of Kris in mind, the contributions to this publication review his writing in a newly critical way, place it in its historical context and highlight what it predicts. The publication opens up Kris’ work, which is still, unjustly, only known through some key terms in the disciplines he covers.
    Description: Der Band mit Aufsätzen von deutschen, französischen und amerikanischen Wissenschaftlern würdigt den facettenreichen Forscher Ernst Kris (Wien 1900–1957 New York) aus den Blickwinkeln verschiedener Disziplinen. Tatsächlich muss man, um sein Schaffen zu umreißen, drei Berufsbezeichnungen bemühen: Kunsthistoriker, Psychoanalytiker und Kommunikationsforscher. Mit 22 Jahren hatte Kris sein Kunstgeschichtsstudium an der Wiener Universität mit einer Promotionsschrift zum Naturabgussverfahren in der Spätrenaissance abgeschlossen und war als Kurator am Kunsthistorischen Museum angestellt worden. Bereits Mitte der 20er Jahre begegnete er Sigmund Freud und begann eine Lehranalyse – wodurch er sich langsam von der klassischen Kunstgeschichte abwandte. Dabei entstanden seine interessantesten und fruchtbarsten Texte, die seinen Ruf als Kunstpsychologe begründeten, die Studien zum frühklassizistischen Bildhauer Franz Xaver Messerschmidt (1932/33), der Aufsatz „Zur Psychologie der Karikatur“ (1934) und die mit Otto Kurz verfasste Schrift „Die Legende vom Künstler“ (1934). 1938, gleich nach dem „Anschluss“, folgte Kris Freud ins Exil nach London, 1940 ging er mit seiner Familie nach New York City. Hier widmete er sich zunächst vor allem kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen, indem er mit erstaunlichem Tempo Abteilungen zur Analyse der Achsenpropaganda aufbaute. In der Folge lehrte er am New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute und konzentrierte seine Energie auf die Psychologie des Kindes. Er richtete Forschungsgruppen am Yale Child Study Center ein und gab ab 1945 die neu gegründete Zeitschrift „The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child“ heraus. Hochgeachtet als wichtiger Vertreter der Ich-Psychologie starb er in New York. Kris entwickelte somit, halb freiwillig, halb erzwungen, eine Multidisziplinarität, die heute gefragter ist denn je – aufgrund der Ausweitung der Kunstgeschichte zu einer Bildwissenschaft als ästhetischer Leitdisziplin; aufgrund der Anforderungen, die heute an eine psychologisch informierte Kommunikationswissenschaft gestellt werden; sowie aufgrund des aktuellen Verständnisses der Psychoanalyse als Kulturanalyse. Die Beiträge des vorliegenden Bandes tragen dieser Sicht auf Kris Rechnung, indem sie seine Texte einer neuen kritischen Sichtung unterziehen, sie in ihrer Zeit würdigen und auf das Vorausschauende in ihnen hinweisen. So erschließen sie ein Werk, von dem in den betreffenden Fächern zu Unrecht meist nur einige Kernbegriffe bekannt sind.
    Keywords: Psychoanalysis ; Psychiatry ; Art History ; Communication Science ; Ernst Kris ; Karikatur ; Propaganda ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: ‘The Ayes Have It’ is a fascinating account of the Queensland Parliament during three decades of high-drama politics. It examines in detail the Queensland Parliament from the days of the ‘Labor split’ in the 1950s, through the conservative governments of Frank Nicklin, John Bjelke- Petersen and Mike Ahern, to the fall of the Nationals government led briefly by Russell Cooper in December 1989. The volume traces the rough and tumble of parliamentary politics in the frontier state. The authors focus on parliament as a political forum, on the representatives and personalities that made up the institution over this period, on the priorities and political agendas that were pursued, and the increasingly contentious practices used to control parliamentary proceedings. Throughout the entire history are woven other controversies that repeatedly recur – controversies over state economic development, the provision of government services, industrial disputation and government reactions, electoral zoning and disputes over malapportionment, the impost of taxation in the ‘low tax state’, encroachments on civil liberties and political protests, the perennial topic of censorship, as well as the emerging issues of integrity, concerns about conflicts of interest and the slide towards corruption. There are fights with the federal government – especially with the Whitlam government – and internal fights within the governing coalition which eventually leads to its collapse in 1983, after which the Nationals manage to govern alone for two very tumultuous terms. On the non-government side, the bitterness of the 1950s split was reflected in the early parliaments of this period, and while the Australian Labor Party eventually saw off its rivalrous off-shoot (the QLP-DLP) it then began to implode through waves of internal factional discord.
    Keywords: australia ; politics ; history ; parliament ; Joh Bjelke-Petersen ; National Party of Australia ; Queensland ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 85
    facet.materialart.
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: In this absorbing collection of papers Aboriginal, Maori, Dalit and western scholars discuss and analyse the difficulties they have faced in writing Indigenous biographies and autobiographies. The issues range from balancing the demands of western and non-western scholarship, through writing about a family that refuses to acknowledge its identity, to considering a community demand not to write anything at all. The collection also presents some state-of-the-art issues in teaching Indigenous Studies based on auto/biography in Austria, Spain and Italy.
    Keywords: aboriginal australians ; history ; biography ; Autobiography ; Dalit ; Indigenous Australians ; Nelson Mandela ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DN Biography and non-fiction prose::DNB Biography: general ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This represents the second volume of a three-volume undertaking. Volume I (M.V. Schwarz und P. Theis, Giottos Leben (Giotto´s life), Vienna 2004) critically examined Giotto´s biography and the corpus of his documented works. Volume 2 presents these works in their respective contexts and attempts to gather information about dating and sequence.
    Description: Es handelt sich um Band 2 eines dreibändigen Unternehmens. Band 1 (M.V. Schwarz und P. Theis, Giottos Leben, Wien 2004) hat Giottos Biographie und das Corpus der nach den Schriftquellen sicheren Werke kritisch erarbeitet. Diese Werke präsentiert nun Band 2 in ihren jeweiligen Kontexten und versucht Aufschluß über Datierung und Abfolge zu gewinnen. Den Anfang macht die Arena-Kapelle, als das umfangreichste und am besten dokumentierte Werk. Diese Dokumentation konnte durch eine von Michaela Zoeschg durchgeführte Kampagne in Archiven und Bibliotheken von Padua und Venedig noch weiter verbessert werden. Einige Umstände aus der Frühgeschichte der Kapelle erscheinen nun in einem anderen Licht. Bei den Malereien wird stärker als bisher herausgearbeitet, daß sie die Betrachter in dezidiert verschiedener Weise ansprechen. Diese klassischen "Bilder" (im Sinn Hetzers) sind Sonderfälle, deren Konzept erst allmählich entwickelt wird. Diese These kann auch deshalb formuliert werden, weil die letzte Restaurierung der Kapelle neue Einsichten über die Arbeitsabfolge erbrachte. Der zweite Teil ist jenen Werken gewidmet, welche die Voraussetzungen für die Bildlichkeit der Arena-Kapelle schufen. Damit verbunden sind die Entscheidungen, den Isaak-Meister mit dem jungen Giotto gleichzusetzen und die Navicella (quellenkonform) früh zu datieren. Dies vorausgesetzt sind die frühen Werke einheitlich in ihrer Herkunft aus der stadtrömischen Malerei mit ihrer spätbyzantinischen und ihrer antikisierenden Komponente. Ihr gemeinsamer Zug ist das Bemühen um eine höchstmögliche Präsenz der Bildgegenstände, quasi an die Welt der Betrachter angelagert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Bildlichkeit, die in der Arena-Kapelle erarbeitet wird, als eine Form von Rücknahme kenntlich: Statt weiterhin in der Welt der Betrachter gegenwärtig zu sein, erhalten die Bildgegenstände immer perfektere eigene Bildwelten. Der dritte Teil reagiert auf den urkundlich belegten Umstand, daß Giotto bald nach Abschluß seiner Paduaner Aufträge in Assisi tätig war. Dabei ist unklar welcher der giottesken Freskenkomplexe in S. Francesco dieser Phase zugeordnet werden kann. Dies gibt Gelegenheit, die Komplexe durchzugehen und zu zeigen, daß sie verschiedene Phasen von Giottos Schaffen reflektieren - so in den jüngeren Bildern der Franzlegende - überlagern sich sogar mehrere Schichten aus dem Giotto-Oeuvre und seiner Rezeption. Mit Giottos Assisi-Aufenthalt von 1308 wird die Magdalenen-Kapelle identifiziert. Der vierte Teil ist den Werken nach der Magdalenen-Kapelle bis zur Bardi-Kapelle gewidmet, die nach der frühen Nutzungsgeschichte von S. Croce auf ca. 1318-20 datiert wird. Es wird gezeigt, wie das Bildkonzept sich neuerlich verändert, indem Giotto die Bildräume zum Betrachter hin öffnet. Dieser Phase werden u.a. die Badia Fresken und die Tafeln für Ognissanti zugeordnet. Der fünfte Teil behandelt die Werke ab ca. 1320. Dieser Phase werden alle architektonisch gerahmten Polyptchen zugewiesen (auch der meist früh datierte Badia-Altar). Sie stehen im Wettbewerb mit den sienesischen Polyptychen in der Nachfolge der Maesta und antworten diesen mit einem stark von cisalpiner Gotik geprägten Entwurf. Überhaupt prägt der Wettbewerb mit den Sienesen diese Werkphase. In der Peruzzi-Kapelle wird nochmals an neuen Bildkonzepten gearbeitet. Extreme Offenheit gegen den Betrachter im einen Fresko (Tanz der Salome) steht gegen einen Fenstereffekt, der auf Albertis Konzept vorauszuweisen scheint, im anderen (Erweckung der Drusiana). Das Schlußkapitel versucht Giottos Werk in die Medienlandschaft der Jahrzehnte um 1300 einzuordnen und zu zeigen, wo er genommen und wo er gegeben hat. In einem Anhang wird dann die Campanile-Planung untersucht. Es kann erstens gezeigt werden, daß der Sienser Campanile-Riß den Polyptychon-Rahmen und gemalten Architekturen Giottos nahesteht und also wohl wirklich Giottos Plan reproduziert. Zweitens wird deutlich, wie viel der nach Giottos Tod weiterwachsende Turm mit
    Keywords: Italian Art ; Giotto ; Visual Culture ; Assisi ; Cappella degli Scrovegni ; Florenz ; Fresko ; Kapelle (Kirchenbau) ; Malerei ; Padua ; Rom ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2022-05-12
    Description: The Australian Council for International Development is the peak body of Australian international development NGOs. This book explores ACFID’s history since its founding in 1965, drawing on current and contemporary literature as well as extensive archival material. The trends and challenges in international development are seen through the lens of an NGO peak body: from the heady optimism of the first Development Decade of the 1960s, through the growth in government support of NGOs in the 1980s, to the challenges of the 2010s. The major themes of ACFID are presented: human rights; gender justice; humanitarianism; NGO codes of conduct; and influencing government policy both broadly and as it relates to NGOs. Each of these themes is placed in a global context and in relation to what other NGO networks are doing internationally.
    Keywords: australia ; history ; non-government organisations ; international development ; Human rights ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWH Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
    Language: English
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: "Through a series of essays on key events in recent years in Russia, the western ex-republics of the USSR and the countries of the one-time Warsaw Pact, John Besemeres seeks to illuminate the domestic politics of the most important states, as well as Moscow’s relations with all of them. At the outset, he takes some backward glances at the violent suppression of national life in the ‘bloodlands’ of Europe during World War II by the Stalinist and Nazi regimes, which helps to explain much about the region’s dynamics since. His concern throughout is that a large area of Europe with a combined population well in excess of Russia’s could again be consigned by the West to Moscow’s care, not this time by more and less malign forms of collusion, but by distracted negligence or incomprehension. ‘This is a wonderful collection of essays from a leading Eastern Europe specialist. John Besemeres brings a lifetime of experience, profound insights, and an incisive style to subjects ranging from wartime and post-war Poland through contemporary Ukraine to Putin’s Russia. At a time when doublespeak has become the new normal, his refreshing honesty has never been in greater need.’ — Bobo Lo"
    Keywords: russia ; politics ; history ; eastern europe ; international relations ; Moscow ; Poland ; Ukraine ; Viktor Yanukovych ; Vladimir Putin ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DT Eastern Europe ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1D Europe::1DT Eastern Europe::1DTA Russia ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations
    Language: English
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Australian agricultural company; Correspondence; Pioneers; History
    Keywords: australian agricultural company ; history ; correspondence ; pioneers ; Bank of Australia ; Esquire ; Excellency ; George Bunn ; Port Stephens (New South Wales) ; Sydney ; William Parry (explorer) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: When a group of brilliant young scientists arrived in Australia’s national capital after World War II to take up leading roles in the establishment of national research institutions, they commissioned Australia’s leading architects to design their private houses. The houses that resulted from these unique collaborations rejected previous architectural styles and wholeheartedly embraced modernist ideologies and aesthetics. The story of how these progressive clients contributed to the innovative design of their houses brings fresh insights to mid-twentieth-century Australian domestic architecture and to Canberra’s rich cultural history.
    Keywords: australia ; modern architecture ; history ; architecture ; domestic architecture ; buildings ; canberra ; Melbourne ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This volume is the last and final part of a trilogy on a detailed history of Vienna. It covers the period from 1790 until the present times. For the decisive forces as well as the inhabitants of the city this era of the urban development of Vienna has to be counted among the most dramatic periods characterised by a great number of real breaks in history. Napoleonic occupation, the revolution of 1848, the constitutional as well as the economic and social changes from the middle of the 19th century onwards, the final end of the position as "Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt" (capital and residential city of the Austro-Hungarian empire) at the end of World War I, the challenging and complicated inter-war-period, Vienna's fate under Nazi-domination, the air raid of World War II and its end as well as the years after 1945 so far never described in such a comprehensive manner - all these events establish the chronological screen for the description and mark decisive incidents being treated here. In a chronological framework six authors arrange a pattern of Vienna's political, social, economic and cultural history. An innovative step is marked by the attempt to give a description of the ever so decisive periods like the "Fin-de-Siècle" and the complicated years after 1918 considering the intellectual mainstream and including men of letters and their works as contemporary witnesses and references. Vienna's development after 1945 - regarding the political history until the elections of 2001, the social and economic history in some aspects even furthermore - has not been treated in such a profound manner so far. This volume - as its predecessors - imparts the latest state of research to a wide public, supported by many illustrations and a large bibliography as well as a useful register of place names and persons.
    Description: Der dritte und abschließende Band einer auf drei Bände konzipierten Stadtgeschichte beschäftigt sich mit dem Zeitraum von 1790 bis zur Gegenwart. Diese Epoche der Wiener Stadtentwicklung zählt für die gestaltenden Kräfte in der Stadt wie auch für deren Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner zweifellos zu den besonders dramatischen, von vielen regelrechten Brüchen charakterisierten Zeitspannen. Napoleonische Besetzung, die Revolution des Jahres 1848, die konstitutionellen wie die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Veränderungen ab der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, das Ende der Stellung als Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt mit dem Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges, die schwierige Epoche der Zwischenkriegszeit, die Geschicke Wiens unter der NS-Herrschaft, die Bombenjahre des Zweiten Weltkrieges und dessen Ende wie natürlich auch die bislang noch niemals derart umfassend behandelten Jahre seit 1945 - all das bildet die Zeitfolie, vor der die Darstellung abläuft, markiert einschneidende Geschehnisse, denen sie sich widmet. Sechs Autorinnen und Autoren vermitteln in einem vom Grundsatz her chronologischen Aufbau ein Bild, das verwoben in die (politische) Ereignisgeschichte der sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Entwicklung breiten Raum einräumt. Dabei stellt der Versuch, die für Wien so prägenden Epochen des "Fin-de-Siècle" und dann der so ungemein schwierigen Jahre nach 1918 unter starker Berücksichtigung geistesgeschichtlicher Strömungen und mehrfach mittels des Einbaus literarischer Zeitzeugen bzw. -zeugnisse zu behandeln, einen methodisch durchaus innovativen Weg dar. Die Jahre der Wiener Entwicklung nach 1945, im Hinblick auf die politische Geschichte bis zur Gemeinderats- und Landtagswahl von 2001, bezüglich der sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in Ansätzen sogar noch darüber hinaus, haben bislang noch niemals in derart eingehender Form Darstellung gefunden. Wie schon bei den 2001 und 2003 vorgelegten Bänden 1 und 2 dieses dreibändigen Werkes gilt auch für den letzten Band das Bemühen, eine auch breiteren Kreisen zugängliche Darstellung zu bieten. Dies wird durch eine reiche Bebilderung, eine umfangreiche Bibliographie sowie ein Register der Orts- und Personennamen unterstützt.
    Keywords: history of Vienna ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Since the 1970s, highly educated families in Austria have employed Au-pairs for taking care of their children. Why have these families preferred Au-pairs to kindergartens with qualified teachers? Were Au-pairs just a flexible substitute or did they have additional functions in the family? Which social and political climate has favoured this private form of childcare? The empirical basis of the work was the documentation of one of the major Austrian Au-pair agencies for the period 1978 - 2000, particularly 298 self-descriptions from guest families and the agency´s annual reports. The material was supplemented by interviews with ten guest families and by interviews with two experts. Thus is possible to analyze the socio-demographic characteristics of guest-families in Vienna and its suburbs, their motivations for taking Au-pairs, and their expectations. The findings indicate that Au-pairs usually serve several roles within the families: for instance, one very important role is to "double" mothers in order to free their minds to continue their social and work life. The pair system is also discussed in view of its two historic threads: one is a long European "education abroad" tradition for rather upper class children. The other thread is a "work-migration" tradition for lower class childs that had to go to cities to work as domestic servants. Which of the two traditions dominates the Au-pair market depends on the economic situation of the countries from which the Au-pairs come. Consequently, the economic and political changes around 1989 in Eastern Europe have had major impacts on the characteristics of Au-pair jobs in Austria
    Description: Meine zentrale Forschungsfrage ist, welche Familien aus welchen Gründen und mit welchen Erwartungen Au-Pairs für die Betreuung ihrer Kinder herangezogen haben statt außerhäusliche Betreuungsformen zu suchen. Waren es nur fehlende Alternativen oder gab es andere Gründe, warum diese Familien Au-Pairs aufgenommen haben? Warum haben diese Familien seit den 1970er Jahren eine Strategie zur Erfüllung ihrer an sich selbst gestellten Erwartungen und zur Bewältigung der vielfältigen Anforderungen an moderne städtische Familien aufgegriffen, die auf eine gänzlich private Lösung der Vereinbarkeitsproblematik setzt? Warum wurde dieses Modell innerhalb eines Vierteljahrhunderts in ganz Europa so populär und politisch letzten Endes auch unterstützt? In der Literatur wird von einem "klassichen Au-Pair" und einer "neuen Au-Pair-Generation" gesprochen, zwischen denen ein großer qualitativer und quantitativer Unterschied besteht. Die restliche Zäsur liegt mit dem neuen "Au-Pair-Gesetz im Jahr 2001, die faktische, jedoch gleitende Zäsurum 1995, dem EU-Beitritt von Österreich, Finnland und Schweden und dem großen Interesse von jungen Frauen aus den ehemaligen Ostblockstaaten an einer Au-Pair Stelle im Westen. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf Grund der vorliegenden Quellen auf die "traditionellen Au-Pairs" im Zeitraum von 1980 - 2000 und das Untersuchungsgebiet auf Wien und Wien-Umgebung. Das Au-Pair Programm wird an den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen im Untersuchungszeitraum und den Aktivitäten des Auslandssozialdienstes des Katholischen Jugendwerkes (ASD) als Pionier in der (nicht-profitorientierten) Vermittlung von Au-Pairs in Österreich beschrieben. Das Au-Pair Programm wird in einen historischen Rahmen als Entwicklungsstufe einerseits bezahlter häuslicher Dienstleistungen und andererseits als Möglichkeit zur informellen Ausbildung gestellt. Dazu wird die Situation von Dienstmädchen in Wien um 1900 in jenen Punkten beleuchtet, an denen sich Paralellen und Unterschiede der beiden Dienstverhältnisse zeigen lassen. Die Darstellung der über die letzten beiden Jahrhunderte in Europa praktizierten Austauschbeziehungen zum Spracherwerb zeigt das Au-Pair-Programm in einem bildungsgeschichtlichen historischen Kontinuum. Nach einer institutionellen Verankerung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes gehe ich der Frage nach, wie viele Au-Pairs im Untersuchungszeitraum nach Österreich gekommen sind, und wie sich die Nachfrage nach Au-Pairs entwickelt hat. Auch die Frage, woher die Au-Pairs gekommen sind und was ihre Motive waren, soll auf Grund der Aufzeichnungen in den ASD-Jahresberichten, meiner für den quantitativen Teil der Arbeit wichtigsten Quelle, beantwortet werden. Die "Gastfamilien" werden zuerst nach ihren soziogemographischen Merkmalen beschrieben, um dann zu der zentralen Frage dieser Arbeit zu kommen, was ihre Motive waren, ein Au-Pair zur Unterstützung bei den familiären Aufgaben heranzuziehen und was sie daher von den Au-Pairs erwarteten, welche Funktionen ihnen zugedacht waren. Auch das Leben mit und als Au-Pair in Österreich sowie die den Au-Pairs zugedachte Stellung im Familienverband und häufig wiederkehrende Probleme sind beschrieben.
    Keywords: au-pair ; child-care ; servants ; Dienstbote ; Österreich ; Rur ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: In the year 1999 the project of the inventarisation of the historic gardens in Austria, financed by the Austrian Science Fund FWF was finished with the manuscript “Historic Gardens in Austria. Gardens and Parks from the Renaissance to 1930”. Since 1984 this project was in charge of the author with some other co-workers at the Technical University of Vienna, Department of Landscape Planning and Garden History. This first Austrian inventory tended to consider public and private gardens, parks and artistically formed landscapes of all nine Austrian states from the Renaissance to about 1930 in a systematic manner. In the years of the inventarisation over 1750 historic gardens and parks were discovered, photographed and described. For the publication this numerous and mostly unknown quantity of gardens and parks was arranged in typological groups: gardens and parks of ecclesiastic dwelling-houses as monasteries, convents and cloisters, episcopal and provost buildings, parsonages, gardens and parks of profane buildings as castles, chateaus, palaces, manor-houses, country-houses, villas, dwelling-buildings, development houses, farmhouses, mills, factories, public buildings (monumental buildings) of culture (museum, theatre), education (school, university, botanic garden, arboretum), healing and welfare work (hospital, sanatorium, old people´s home, residential home, youth welfare home), administration (office, embassy), catering and hotel industry and tourism ( hotel, inn, restaurant), sport, recreation and leisure ( swimming-bath, shooting-stand, amusement park, leisure centre), public gardens and parks (without any main-building) as green places, village parks, town parks, village woods, town woods, parks of a spa, memorial parks, promenades, green outside staircases. With the elaboration of the results of the inventarisation, with the consideration of the trade literature, historic maps, plans, views, pictures and other source materials it was possible to present the first documentation of the existing historic gardens and parks in Austria in three volumes, published 2002-2004 (Böhlau Verlag, Wien-Köln-Weimar). This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic garden substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage. The third volume of the inventarisation of the historic gardens and parks in Austria presents the public and private gardens of the Austrian capital Vienna This first survey makes known the rich existence of historic gardens substance, is available to further scientific research on Austrian garden art and garden culture and affords first informations to protect and preserve this important cultural heritage.
    Description: 1999 konnte das vom Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung finanzierte Projekt "Inventarisierung der historischen Gärten Österreichs" mit der Vorlage des Manuskriptes "Historische Gärten Österreichs. Erste Erfassung der Garten- und Parkanlagen von der Renaissance bis um 1930" beendet werden. Seit dem Jahr 1984 wurde dieses Projekt am Institut für Landschaftsplanung und Gartenkunst der Technischen Universität Wien gemeinsam mit Mitarbeitern durch die Verfasserin bearbeitet. Diese erstmals für Österreich durchgeführte Bestandsaufnahme hatte zum Ziel, öffentliche und private Parks, Gärten und künstlerisch gestaltete Landschaftsteile aller österreichischen Bundesländer in einem zeitlichen Entstehungsrahmen von der Renaissance bis gegen 1930 systematisch zu erfassen. Bisher lag eine solche Übersicht der noch erhaltenen Anlagen in Österreich nicht vor; es konnten im Laufe der Bestandsaufnahme vor Ort über 1700 historische Gärten und Parks inventarisiert werden. Der dritte Band umfaßt über vierhundert Anlagen in Wien. Dieser Gartenbestand wurde für die vorgesehene, dreibändige Veröffentlichung in typologischen Gruppen erschlossen: Gärten und Parks zu kirchlichen Wohnbauten: Stift, Kloster, Bischofshof, Stiftshof, Dechanthof, Propstei, Pfarrhof ; Gärten und Parks zu weltlichen Bauten: Burg, Schloß, Ansitz, Edelsitz, Herrenhaus, Freisitz, Freihof, Sitz, Schlößl, Landsitz, Palast (Palais), Stadtpalais, Gartenpalais, Landhaus, Gutshaus, Villa, Wohnhaus (städtisches Wohnhaus, Mehrfamilienhaus, Einfamilienhaus, Siedlung, Bauernhaus, Mühle, Forsthaus, Fabrik, Werk; öffentliche Bauten (Monumentalbauten): Kultur: Museum, Theater; Bildung: Schule, Universität (Botanischer Garten, Dendrologischer Garten/Arboretum, Lehrgarten, Versuchswirtschaft); Heilung und Fürsorge: Krankenhaus (Spital), Sanatorium (Kuranstalt), Altersheim, Wohnheim, Kinderheim; Verwaltung: Amtsgebäude, Verwaltungsgebäude, Bürogebäude, Botschaft; Gastgewerbe und Fremdenverkehr: Hotel, Gasthof; Sport, Erholung und Freizeit: Bad, Schießstand, Vergnügungspark; öffentliche Gärten und Parks (Anlagen ohne Bindung an ein bauliches "Mutterobjekt"): Anger, Ortsplatz, Stadtplatz, Ortspark, Stadtpark, Ortswald, Stadtwald, Kurpark, Naturpark, Gedenkpark, Promenade, Treppenanlage; sonstige Grünanlagen und Begrünungen (z.B.Gedenkstätte). Mit der Ausarbeitung der Ergebnisse der Erfassung, mit der Bearbeitung der Primär- und Sekundärliteratur, historischer Karten, Pläne und Ansichten und sonstiger Quellen kann somit die erste Dokumentation des vorhandenen Bestandes an historischen Gärten und Parks in Österreich vorgewiesen werden. Diese flächendeckende Übersicht macht den reichen Bestand an historischer Gartensubstanz bekannt, stellt Grundlagen für die weitere wissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit der österreichischen Gartenkunst und Gartenkultur zur Verfügung und bietet Informationen für Maßnahmen zur Sicherung und Erhaltung dieses wichtigen kulturellen Erbes.
    Keywords: historic gardens ; historic parks ; public open spaces ; garden history ; garden art ; garden culture ; garden inventory ; cultural heritage ; garden preservation ; garden conservation ; historische Gärten ; historische Parks ; Inventarisierung historischer Gärten ; Erfassung historischer Gärten ; Gartenkunst ; Gartenkultur ; Villa ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The biography of Gustavus G. Zertfi (1820-1892) is the first analytical introduction to the Habsburg secret service in the 1850s and 1860s through the case study of a secret agent. By strange coincidence, it is also a major contribution to the. beginnings. of modem Japanese historiography as Zerffi's The Science of History provided the first basic text for Japanese scholars on modem European history and historians after the Meiji revolution of 1868. Though. probably the most formidable. secret agent in the ."neo-absolutistic" Habsburg Empire of the mid-19th century, G. G. Zerffi was an obscure and relatively little known figure in his own time. Over a period. of close to 16. years, Zerffi sent some 2,000 numbered intelligent reports to the Habsburg government in Vienna from Serbia, the Ottoman Empire, Paris, and, mainly, from London (1849-1865). The. biography serves as an introduction to all the available secret reports by Zerffi collected from Austrian and, to a smaller extent, Russian archives, publishing them in the Get-man original as an appendix of his work. Through the life and activities. of one particular figure the book opens up. several chapters of 19th century Europe, Britain, and Japan and contributes significantly to the understanding of the revolutions of 1848-1849 and. their dreadful suppression in the whole continent of Europe. It provides particularly new insight in the working and methods of authoritarian, "pre-dictatorial" Central and East. European secret police systems, censorship, and thought control. All over Europe the police preferred to use highly qualified agents. with, the knowledge of several languages, as well as the history and culture of many regions in order to collect reliable and. varied information. This. in turn was used by the governments to maintain their control over practically the whole of the European continent in much of the 1850s and 1860s.. Several of these well paid police. agents were. prominent professionals such as G. G. Zerffi who came to be one of the founders and first chairmen of the Royal Historical Society in London. It was in this capacity that he contributed to the humanities in Britain as well as to the rise of modem Japanese historiography. This is the first book to provide a thorough introduction to G. G. Zerffi's basically unknown British scholarship from the late 1860s through the early 1890s. A relevant and topical contribution to the understanding of the nature and making of Central and East European autocracies in the mid-19th century, the book will also help the reader to assess the prehistory and early development of modem dictatorial systems in the region. Most of the book is based on primary sources scattered all over Europe in dozens of archives in Vienna, Budapest, London, Moscow, Amsterdam, and Bonn.
    Description: Die Tätigkeit des österreichischen Geheimagenten Gustav G. Zerffi (1820-1892) erlaubt eine neuartige Darstellung des Polizeisystems des Neoabsolutismus. Der zweisprachige ungarische Journalist, der später zum Spion wurde, machte eine spektakuläre Karriere. Nach dem ungarischen Freiheitskampf hatte er die Aufgabe, Beziehungen zu den Anführern der internationalen politischen Emigration in der Türkei, Frankreich und England zu knüpfen. Er stand mit Lajos Kossuth, Karl Marx und Gottfried Kinkel in direkter Verbindung und war Sekretär des Deutschen Nationalvereins in London. In seinen fast 2000 Geheimberichten an den jeweiligen Innen- und Polizeiminister über die Pläne und Aktionen der ungarischen und internationalen revolutionären Emigrationsszene zeigt er sich nicht nur als eifriger Beobachter und Informant, sondern auch als Werkzeug der zielbewussten Zersetzung der Emigration "von innen her". Vom Geheimdienst entlassen, wirkte der hochbegabte Zerffi dann fast drei Jahrzehnte in London als Historiker.
    Keywords: Gustavus G. Zertfi ; Habsburg secret service ; England ; Lajos Kossuth ; London ; Ungarn ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 95
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    Böhlau | Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Dogface Soldiers is an interdisciplinary and image centered cultural history of the Army of the United States‘ infantry riflemen in the Mediterranean- and European Theaters of Operations of World War II. Its methods transcend the boundaries of conventional historiography and make use of Clifford Geertz’s anthropological method of thick description as well as military used comprehensive analysis methods.
    Description: Dogface Soldiers ist eine interdisziplinäre und bildbasierte Kulturgeschichte US-amerikanischer Infanterieschützen des europäischen Zweiten Weltkriegs. Methodisch werden konventionelle Grenzen der Histriogarpahie überschritten und Anleihen bei Clifford Geertz und seiner anthropologischen „Thick Description“, sowie bei comprehensive analysis-Modellen militärisch-operativer Provenienz genommen.
    Keywords: World War II ; Army of the United States ; Infantry Riflemen ; European Theater of Operations ; Mediterranean Theater of Operations ; Bill Mauldin ; Cartoons ; Willie & Joe ; Zweiter Weltkrieg ; US Army ; Infanterie ; Frontsoldaten ; Bill Mauldin ; Cartoons ; Nordwesteuropa ; Mittelmeerraum ; Willie & Joe ; Dogface (military) ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Prince Eugene of Savoy, contemporary and companion in arms of the first Duke of Marlborough, was the architectural patron of two of the most important buildings of the Viennese baroque, viz. the Stadtpalais (city mansion) and the Belvedere, a suburban garden palace. In spite of the common patron, so far the two buildings were considered quite separately by the research on the Viennese baroque, presumably because of the emphasis on the two different, very prominent architects, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. In the unified view presented in the present work, attention is focussed not only on the architecture but also on the sequences of rooms, on their interior decoration, and - in the case of the Belvedere - on the conceptual relationship between garden and buildings. Starting point is the question: "What was the self-representation intended by the Prince, who had not been raised in the Habsburg monarchy but at the French court?" The investigation of the origins of the various elements of the interior decoration and of the messages going with their provenance was helped by the fortunate circumstance that not only are the buildings well preserved but that, through the contemporary engravings and drawings of Salomon Kleiner, we are well informed on the original interiors of the buildings. Together with newly discovered written sources, this has allowed the complicated plannings, construction and decoration history of the two palaces to be clarified. The main results may be summarized as follows. Prince Eugene of Savoy wished to conform, on a high level, to the traditions and the style of the Viennese nobility but without foregoing the French achievements in living comfort and elegance he was acquainted with from his time at the French court. As his carrier progressed, this 'French component' was enhanced and made increasingly visible. Little prominence was given to the relationship of the Prince to the ruling house of Savoy, presumably because he wanted to leave no doubt that he owed his position as one of the leading military and political leaders of the time not to family connections but to his own achievements.
    Description: Die beiden Wiener Bauten des Prinzen Eugen von Savoyen, das Stadtpalais in der Himmelpfortgasse und die Vorstadtanlage Belvedere, wurden bislang, ungeachtet des gemeinsamen Auftraggebers, nicht als Einheit behandelt. Dies dürfte an der künstlermonographisch dominierten Wahrnehmung dieser für den Wiener Barock sehr bedeutsamen Bauten als Werke der beiden prominenten Architekten, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach und Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, gelegen haben. Ausgangspunkt der gemeinsamen Betrachtung im vorliegenden Werk ist die Frage nach der vom Prinzen Eugen, der ja nicht in der Habsburger Monarchie aufgewachsen war, intendierten Selbstdarstellung. Zu ihrer Beantwortung werden die Raumfolgen, die Ausstattung der Räume und - für das Belvedere - der konzeptionelle Zusammenhang von Wohngebäuden und Garten gleichberechtigt mit der Architektur herangezogen. Dabei erwies es sich als Glücksfall, daß beide Anlagen sehr gut erhalten und insbesondere die zeitgenössisch überaus wichtige Innenausstattungen durch die Stiche und Stichvorzeichnungen des Augsburger Vedutenzeichners Salomon Kleiner gut dokumentiert sind. Die architekturikonologische Vorgehensweise, bei der die Herkunft der einzelnen Ausstattungselemente erforscht und die mit der Herkunft seinerzeit möglicherweise einhergehende Bedeutung untersucht wird, hat zu einer Fülle von neuen Erkenntnissen vor allem zur zeitgenössischen Wahrnehmung der Räume geführt und, zum Teil mit Hilfe bisher unbekannter Schriftquellen, die komplizierte und bislang nur unvollständig verstandene Bau- und Ausstattungsgeschichte der beiden Anlagen erhellt. Als übergeordnete Erkenntnis ergibt sich, daß sich Prinz Eugen auf hohem Niveau in die Wiener Gegebenheiten und Traditionen einordnete, dabei aber nicht auf die ihm aus seiner Pariser Jugendzeit vertrauten französischen Wohn- und Ausstattungserrungenschaften verzichtete. Die "französische Komponente" wurde im Laufe des Werdegangs des Prinzen zunehmend verstärkt und zunehmend nach außen getragen. Die Eigenständigkeit seiner politischen und militärischen Leistungen unterstrich der Prinz unter anderem dadurch, daß in seiner Repräsentation seine Zugehörigkeit zum regierenden Haus Savoyen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielte.
    Keywords: Prince Eugene of Savoy ; Viennese baroque ; Prinz Eugen ; Wiener Barock ; Eugen von Savoyen ; Frankreich ; Schloss Belvedere ; Stadtpalais ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 97
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    Unknown
    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: Dr. Franz von Ottenthal served as a General Practitioner in Sand, in the South Tyrolean Tauferer Ahrntal from 1847 to 1899, over a period lasting more than 50 years. From 1861 until 1882, in a period of great regional and imperial tensions, he even was member of the Tyrolean Landtag (diet). In 1837/8 he began his medical studies at the University of Vienna, where important physicians from the "Zweite Wiener Medizinische Schule" like Carl von Rokitansky, Joseph Skoda and Philipp Semmelweis were teaching. Ottenthal worked as a medical expert in Windisch-Matrei (East Tyrol) for almost two years. Then he went back home and became a General Practitioner in Neumelans, the residence of his family. This biography treats particularly the career as a physician, his engagement in the medical service and the difficulties during the collaboration with medical authorities. On the other side it contains further an analysis of the medical records and the letters of his patients for a better patient view. Further this biography discusses open questions like medical development, fees, properties of a noble rural physicians in the second part of the 19 century and the competition with other physicians and healers. A big space is dedicated to the treatment of mental illness. Ottenthal wasn't a 'psychiatrist', but he was as well responsible for the care and the treatment of persons with mental disease. With a report by a physician began - crossing a lot of other institutions - the way in the asylum. The Ottenthal family, whose everyday life has tried to be reconstructed along private correspondence, is a typical example of a family from the second part of the 19th century between nobility and bourgeoisie characterized on the one hand by qualification, know-how and a lucrative job and on the other by a nobility title, fortune and landed property. Franz von Ottenthal wasn't a famous physician like Rudolf Virchow, Robert Koch or Carl von Rokitansky. Nevertheless he was a modern, political engaged, self-confident practitioner and he is a very good example for the fusion of nobility and bourgeoisie in a rural life of the 19th century. This publication should be a contribution to the exploration of rural medical practice, which is little known and often poor of sources. It will even be a starting-point for further comparative studies of other medical biographies and legacies.
    Description: Franz von Ottenthal war ein Landarzt in Sand in Taufers, im Tiroler (heutigen Südtiroler) Tauferer-Ahrntal, und von 1861 bis 1883, also in einer Zeit großer landes- und reichspolitischer Spannungen, als Abgeordneter im Tiroler Landtag tätig. Ab dem Studienjahr 1837/38 studierte er Medizin an der Universität Wien. Unter seinen Lehrern und Studienkollegen finden sich einige große Namen der "Zweiten Wiener Medizinischen Schule", wie Carl von Rokitansky, Joseph Skoda oder Philipp Semmelweis. Nach einer ersten fast zweijährigen Berufserfahrung als Gerichts- und Gemeindearzt in Windisch-Matrei (heute Matrei in Osttirol) kehrte Franz von Ottenthal in seinen Heimatort Sand in Taufers zurück, wo er in dem von seiner Familie geerbten Ansitz Neumelans eine Ordination eröffnete. Hier wirkte er knapp mehr als 50 Jahre lang von 1847 bis 1899 ununterbrochen als Privatarzt. Die vorliegende Biografie befasst sich vorrangig mit dem Werdegang des Arztes, mit seinem sanitätspolitischen Engagement sowie mit den Schwierigkeiten in der Zusammenarbeit mit den vorgesetzten Sanitätsbehörden. Auf der anderen Seite wurde aber versucht, durch die Analyse der Krankengeschichten und besonders der PatientInnenbriefe auch die noch unterbelichtete Sicht der PatientInnen und das Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis zu erfassen. Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich weiters mit den bisher teilweise noch offenen Fragen der ärztlichen Ausbildung, des Arzthonorars und des Vermögens eines adeligen Landarztes der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts sowie der Konkurrenz durch andere Ärzte und Laienheiler. Einen großen Raum nimmt das Thema der Behandlung von Geisteskrankheiten ein. Ottenthal war, obwohl "psychiatrisch" nicht ausgebildet, zuständig für die Versorgung und Behandlung von psychisch Kranken. Mit seinem Gutachten begann meistens, über mehrere Institutionen, der Weg in die Anstalt. Mit Hilfe der spärlichen Privatkorrespondenz wurde zudem versucht, Einblick in den Alltag der Landarztfamilie von Ottenthal zu nehmen. Dieses typische Beispiel einer adeligen Familie bürgerlichen Stils setzte sich aus Personen zusammen, die im "Schwebezustand" zwischen Adel und Bürgertum waren, die einerseits durch Leistung, Qualifikation, Bildung und einem "Brotberuf" und andererseits durch Adelstitel, Vermögen und Grundbesitz charakterisiert waren. Franz von Ottenthal war keine berühmte Arztpersönlichkeit wie Rudolf Virchow, Robert Koch oder Carl von Rokitansky. Dennoch stellt er - und das zu zeigen ist Ziel dieser Biografie - einen modernen, politisch engagierten, selbstbewussten Arzt dar und ist ein prägendes Beispiel für die Vermischung von Adel und Bürgertum in einem ländlichen Leben des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die vorliegende Publikation soll einen Beitrag zur Erforschung der noch wenig beachteten und teilweise quellenarmen Medizin am Lande besonders der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts leisten. Sie versteht sich als Ausgangspunkt für neue Vergleichsstudien mit ähnlich gut erforschten Arztbiografien bzw. ärztlichen Nachlässen.
    Keywords: physician ; politician ; biography ; medical life ; 19th century ; rural medicine ; Arzt ; Innsbruck ; Taufers im Münstertal ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 98
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    ANU Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: How did climbers from the world’s flattest, hottest continent become world-class Himalayan mountaineers, the equal of any elite mountaineer from countries with long climbing traditions and home ranges that make Australia’s highest summit look like a suburban hill? This book tells the story of Australian mountaineering in the great ranges of Asia, from the exploits of a brash, young colonial with an early British Himalayan expedition in the 1920s to the coming of age of Australian climbers in the 1980s. The story goes beyond the two remarkable Australian ascents of Mt Everest in 1984 and 1988 to explore the exploits of Australian climbers in the far-flung corners of the high Himalaya. Above all, the book presents a glimpse into the lives – the successes, failures, tragedies, motivations, fears, conflicts, humor, and compassion – themselves to the ultimate limits of survival in the most spectacular and demanding mountain arena of all.
    Keywords: australia ; mountains ; history ; himalaya mountains ; mountaineering ; japan ; mount everest ; china ; Himalayas ; Mount Everest ; Mountaineering ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The hundred years from 1750 to 1850 were characterised by great changes, often associated with even greater catchphrases. In this study, these profound and radical changes are being looked at from a special point of view, from the perspective of a periphery that is usually not considered to be typical of the transformation processes of the so called saddle period. Multiple sources make it obvious that, on the one hand, the lived in worlds of the inhabitants of the Tyrolean Stubaital were widely and inevitably affected by “big history“ (ranging from reforms of the educational system to the Napoleonic Wars and the beginning industrialisation); but that they still were, on the other hand, presented with scopes of action which they dealt with in different ways.
    Description: Die hundert Jahre der Sattelzeit zwischen 1750 und 1850 waren geprägt von großen Veränderungen, die mit noch größeren Schlagworten in Verbindung gebracht werden. Diese tiefgreifenden Umwälzungen werden in dieser Untersuchung aus einem besonderen Blickwinkel betrachtet, aus der Perspektive einer Peripherie, die landläufig als nicht typisch für die Transformationsprozesse der Sattelzeit angesehen wird. Dabei zeigt sich aus einer Vielzahl von Quellen einerseits, wie die Lebenswelten im Tiroler Stubaital von der „großen Geschichte“ – von bildungspolitischen Reformen über die Napoleonischen Kriege bis hin zu den Auswirkungen der beginnenden Industrialisierung spannt sich hier der Bogen – beeinflusst wurden, andererseits jedoch auch, welche Handlungsspielräume sich für die Zeitgenossen eröffneten und wie diese genutzt wurden.
    Keywords: Saddle Period ; Bourgeoise and Peasants ; Tyrol ; Microhistory ; 1809 ; Tyrolean Insurrection ; Michael Pfurtscheller ; Andreas Hofer ; Stubaital ; Stubai tools ; Sattelzeit ; Bürger und Bauern ; Tirol ; Mikrogeschichte,1809 ; Tiroler Aufstand ; Michael Pfurtscheller ; Andreas Hofer ; Stubaital ; Stubaier Kleineisenindustrie ; Fulpmes ; Innsbruck ; Mieders ; Wien ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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  • 100
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    Böhlau
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This book examines the financial circumstances of Jewish men and women in Vienna from the turn of the century to 1938, focusing on gender as a social category. The central issue is the extent to which the amount and, above all, the category of assets were structured according to gender. Furthermore, the gender specifics of financial withdrawals by the National Socialists and restitution and compensation payments after 1945 shall be examined. Three subject areas will be carefully covered for the period before 1938, in which structured relevance is accorded to the category of gender. These are economic activity, which includes gainful employment and entrepreneurial activity, inheritance practices, and marriage as an influential financial factor. The study is based on a sample of 788 individuals (337 women, 451 men), who were affected by National Socialist proprietary measures, i.e. looting policy, in 1938. The sample was drawn for a study by the Austrian Historical Commission. It includes the assets of these 788 people on April 27, 1938 as they were recorded in the so-called assets declaration with which all people defined as Jewish had to declare their property to the authorities. The sample, which has been entered into a database, includes further data on restitution and compensation. This paper will evaluate the data in terms of gender for the first time. Moreover, the financial situation of 78 of the 788 individuals (Sample II) and their familial environment, in particular their parents and siblings, are researched through further sources including inheritance files, wills, marriage contracts, and commercial and land registers. One of the objectives is to investigate the origin of the assets declared in 1938. Based on the selection of individuals, which was dependent upon the existence of a minimum asset level, there are no significant differences between the asset volume of men and women from the sample. Nevertheless, the study points out that the composition of the assets, which means the occurrence and scope of different categories of assets, was determined by gender specific factors. Inheritance practices and segregated access to asset acquisition, particularly in economic activity, are identified as reasons for this. Gender specifics in real estate and business as well as asset transfers between generations and married couples are elaborated upon in detail. Dowries not only influenced the financial situation of the wife or widow and her husband, but also presented essential financial resources for companies. The possibility of economic activity and thereby acquisition of assets is of particular importance; this possibility is primarily decided in the family, as is shown in the individual case histories. Although gender specific differences can hardly be verified in National Socialist asset withdrawal, they can be documented in the National Socialists' approach to mixed couples. The restitution results are influenced by several factors; among these are also the claimed asset categories. In a comparative evaluation of men and women, the restitution results reflect the success of the respective asset categories.
    Description: Dieses Buch untersucht die Vermögensverhältnisse von Wiener Juden und Jüdinnen von der Jahrhundertwende bis 1938 mit dem Fokus auf Geschlecht als sozialer Kategorie. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, inwieweit die Höhe und vor allem die Art von Vermögen nach Geschlecht strukturiert waren. Weiters werden die Entziehung von Vermögen durch die Nationalsozialisten und die Restitutionen und Entschädigungszahlungen nach 1945 auf Geschlechterspezifika hin untersucht. Für die Zeit vor 1938 werden drei Themenbereiche besonders behandelt, in denen der Kategorie Geschlecht strukturierende Bedeutung zukommt, dazu gehören ökonomisches Handeln, worunter vor allem unternehmerische Tätigkeit verstanden wird, Vererbungspraktiken sowie die Ehe als Vermögen beeinflussender Faktor. Die Studie gründet sich auf ein Sample von 788 Personen (337 Frauen, 451 Männer), die 1938 von vermögensrechtlichen Maßnahmen der Nationalsozialisten, d.h. deren Raubpolitik betroffen waren. Das Sample war für eine Studie der Historikerkommission der Republik Österreich erstellt worden. Es beinhaltet Vermögenswerte dieser 788 Personen zum Stichtag 27. April 1938, wie sie in der so genannten Vermögensanmeldung, mit der alle als jüdisch definierten Personen, ihr Eigentum den Behörden deklarieren mussten, erfasst waren. Das in eine Datenbank eingespeiste Sample umfasst ferner Daten zu Restitution und Entschädigung. Diese Daten werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals geschlechtsspezifisch ausgewertet. Darüber hinaus werden mittels weiterer Quellen, darunter Verlassenschaftsakten, Testamente, Eheverträge, Handelsregister und Grundbücher, die Vermögenssituation von 78 der 788 Personen (Sample II) und ihrem familiären Umfeld, insbesondere ihrer Eltern und Geschwister erforscht. Ziel ist es unter anderem, die Herkunft des 1938 deklarierten Vermögens zu ergründen. Begründet durch die Auswahl der Untersuchungspersonen, die vom Vorhandensein eines gewissen Mindestvermögens abhängig war, lagen die Unterschiede zwischen den Männern und Frauen des Samples weniger in den Vermögensvolumina begründet, als vielmehr in der Zusammensetzung des Vermögens. Das heißt, das Vorkommen und der Umfang von verschiedenen Vermögensarten waren geschlechtsspezifisch determiniert. Als Ursachen dafür werden in der vorliegenden Studie Vererbungspraktiken und ein segregierter Zugang zum Vermögenserwerb, insbesondere im Bereich des ökonomischen Handelns, des Unternehmertums, identifiziert. Im Detail herausgearbeitet werden Geschlechterspezifika bei Grundbesitz und Unternehmen sowie Vermögenstransfers zwischen den Generationen sowie zwischen Eheleuten. Heiratsgüter beeinflussten nicht nur die Vermögenssituation der Ehefrau bzw. Witwe und des Ehemannes, sondern stellten auch essentielle Finanzierungsquellen für Unternehmen dar. Als besonders bedeutsam stellt sich die Möglichkeit zum ökonomischen Handeln und damit zum Vermögenserwerb heraus, diese Möglichkeit wird, wie die einzelnen Fallgeschichten zeigen, vorrangig in der Familie entschieden. Beim nationalsozialistischen Vermögensentzug war eine Unterscheidung nach Geschlecht kein vorrangiges Kriterium, so ein Ergebnis, jedoch können Geschlechtereffekte im Vorgehen der Nationalsozialisten gegenüber "Mischehepaaren" dokumentiert werden. Die Restitutionsergebnisse werden von mehreren Faktoren beeinflusst, darunter auch die beanspruchten Vermögenskategorien. Nach Männern und Frauen im Vergleich ausgewertet, spiegeln die Restitutionsergebnisse die Erfolgsquoten der jeweiligen Vermögenskategorien und indirekt die dahinter stehenden geschlechterspezifischen Vermögensstrukturen.
    Keywords: gender ; Vienna ; Jews ; property ; Interwar period ; National Socialism ; Geschlecht ; Wien ; Juden ; Eigentum ; Zwischenkriegszeit ; National Sozialismus ; Kotányi (Unternehmen) ; Mitgift ; Reichsmark ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Language: German
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