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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (2,224)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (1,607)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (3,831)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1979  (1,281)
  • 1978  (1,438)
  • 1976  (1,112)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (3,831)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Sensitivity of solar-cell performance to atmospheric variables. 2: Dissimilar cells at several locations (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26624.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 259-270
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  • 2
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    Problems in photoresponse distribution measurement (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Photoresponse distribution measurement by scanning a light spot across the surface of a semiconductor device is examined. The technqiue is used for solar cell characterization because the measured quantity is the direct expression of the distribution of the desired performance of the device. An apparatus for measuring the photoresponse distribution was set and used in the development of polysilicon thin film solar cells. A schmeatic diagram of the apparatus and an example of measurement are shown.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 355-362
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  • 3
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    On the determination of series resistance and diode quality factor of solar cells (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: The series resistance and diode quality factor are used for evaluation of solar cell performance. These parameters are normally deduced from the terminal I-V characteristics under forward bias. The method produces a smaller series resistance and a larger value for diode quality factor than appropriate for the device when operating as a solar cell. It is suggested that the diode quality factor be determined from measured saturated photocurrent, open circuit voltage characteristics and the series resistance be measured with an r-f bridge or calculated from a measurement of the surface sheet resistance.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 347-354
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  • 4
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    Silicon solar cell testing in concentrated sunlight and simulated sunlight (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: A method is described for testing silicon solar cells in concentrated sunlight and simulated sunlight. Concentrated sunlight is obtained by using an acrylic Fresnel lens; the simulated sunlight source is a short arc Xenon lamp. Average illumination levels during the tests are inferred from an assumed linear relationship between short circuit current and illumination. The linearity assumption is investigated for 0.3 alpha cm base resistivity silicon cells and found to be valid. Some typical results are presented to illustrate the type of information obtained during the testing.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 337-354
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  • 5
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    Indoor and outdoor measurements of performance of photovoltaic arrays (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26626.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 309-322
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  • 6
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    Recommendations for the performance rating of flat plate terrestrial photovoltaic solar panels (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: A review of recommendations for standardizing the performance rating of flat plate terrestrial solar panels is given to develop an international standard code of practice for performance rating. Required data to characterize the performance of a solar panel are listed. Other items discussed are: (1) basic measurement procedures; (2) performance measurement in natural sunlight and simulated sunlight; (3) standard solar cells; (4) the normal incidence method; (5) global method and (6) definition of peak power.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 323-336
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  • 7
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    Cell and module test procedures seen from the manufacturer and the user point of view (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: The problems encountered by manufacturers and users of solar modules are summarized. Related measurement of the rated power of the module is included, and a temperature test is suggested to define the actual performance of a module. Other suggestions are given for environmental module and array tests.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 301-308
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  • 8
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    Introduction to basic solar cell measurements (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26625.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 275-300
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  • 9
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    Consideration of design and calibration of terrestrial reference solar cells (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26621.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 203-222
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  • 10
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    Sensitivity of solar cell performance to atmospheric variables. 1: Single cell (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26623.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 247-258
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  • 11
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    The effect of atmospheric parameters on silicon cell performance (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26619.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 93-108
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  • 12
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    Solar excitation of CdS/Cu2S photovoltaic cells (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Solar radiation of five typical clear weather days and under a variety of conditions is used to determine the spectral distribution of the photonflux at different planes of a CdS/Cu2S solar cell. The fractions of reflected and absorbed flux are determined at each of the relevant interfaces and active volume elements of the solar cell. The density of absorbed photons is given in respect to spectral and spatial distribution. The variance of the obtained distribution, with changes in insolation and absorption spectra of the active solar cell layers, is indicated. A catalog of typical examples is given in the appendix.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 109-150
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  • 13
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    Test facility for solar-cell reference conditions (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: For abstract, see N77-26618.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 67-78
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  • 14
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    The effects of spectral variations on silicon cell output (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: Spectral measurements of daily, total horizontal radiation were analyzed to determine the magnitude and character of the effects in silicon cell output. Data for different seasons and weather conditions are included. Techniques and results are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Terrest. Photovoltaic Meas., 2; p 79-92
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  • 15
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    DSN energy data base preliminary design (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-01
    Description: The design and implementation of a computerized data base created to support the DSN Energy Conservation Project with data relating to energy use at Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex are described. The results of development work to date, are presented along with work currently in progress or in the planning stage.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 167-181
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  • 16
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    How much energy does energy cost? (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: Estimating the energy cost of producing and delivering an energy product involves the quantitative determination of all relevant energy flows and the aggregation of these flows into meaningful indices of system performance. Five emerging energy technologies are subjected to energy analysis. The energy delivered by each is substantially greater than the energy consumed during construction and lifelong operation of the system. Net energy analysis can provide interesting and perhaps useful information regarding specific technologies, but it does not necessarily provide additional information essential to the making of decisions regarding those technologies.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States; p 117-134
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  • 17
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    The impact of municipal refuse utilization on energy and our environment (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: The incinerator/boiler configuration is stressed as the most reliable method of waste utilization. It is also pointed out that the high cost of refuse disposal and the ever increasing cost of energy, have made this method attractive. A plan is outlined for operating a waste utilization plant. Community participation is encouraged in investigating the feasibility of refuse to energy facilities in their area.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States; p 95-116
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  • 18
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    Conservation as an alternative energy source (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: A speech is given outlining the energy situation in the United States. It is warned that the existing energy situation cannot prevail and the time is fast running out for continued growth or even maintenance of present levels. Energy conservation measures are given as an aid to decrease U.S. energy consumption, which would allow more time to develop alternative sources of energy.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States; p 87-94
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  • 19
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    Agricultural and industrial process heat (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: The application of solar energy to agricultural and industrial process heat requirements is discussed. This energy end use sector has been the largest and it appears that solar energy can, when fully developed and commercialized, displace from three to eight or more quads of oil and natural gas in U.S. industry. This potential for fossil fuel displacement in the agricultural and industrial process heat area sector represents a possible savings of 1.4 to 3.8 million barrels of oil daily.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States; p 59-86
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  • 20
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    Impact of novel energy sources: OTEC, wind, goethermal, biomass (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: Alternate energy conversion methods such as ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), wind power, geothermal wells and biomass conversion are being explored, and re-examined in some cases, for commercial viability. At a time when United States fossil fuel and uranium resources are found to be insufficient to supply national needs into the twenty-first century, it is essential to broaden the base of feasible energy conversion technologies. The motivations for development of these four alternative energy forms are established. Primary technical aspects of OTEC, wind, geothermal and biomass energy conversion systems are described along with a discussion of relative advantages and disadvantages of the concepts. Finally, the sentiment is voiced that each of the four systems should be developed to the prototype stage and employed in the region of the country and in the sector of economy which is complimentary to the form of system output.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for Southeastern States; p 39-57
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  • 21
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    Wood energy-commercial applications (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: Wood energy is being widely investigated in many areas of the country because of the many obvious benefits of wood fuel such as the low price per million Btus relative to coal, oil, and gas; the wide availability of noncommercial wood and the proven ability to harvest it; established technology which is reliable and free of pollution; renewable resources; better conservation for harvested land; and the potential for jobs creation. The Southeastern United States has a specific leadership role in wood energy based on its established forest products industry experience and the potential application of wood energy to other industries and institutions. Significant questions about the widespread usage of wood energy are being answered in demonstrations around the country as well as the Southeast in areas of wood storage and bulk handling; high capitalization costs for harvesting and combustion equipment; long term supply and demand contracts; and the economic feasibility of wood energy outside the forest products industry.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States; p 27-38
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  • 22
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    Alternatives in solar energy (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: Although solar energy has the potential of providing a significant source of clean and renewable energy for a variety of applications, it is expected to penetrate the nation's energy economy very slowly. The alternative solar energy technologies which employ direct collection and conversion of solar radiation as briefly described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Southeastern States; p 19-25
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  • 23
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    An overview of the energy situation (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-25
    Description: Beginning with a historical review of the domestic pattern of energy usage, the current dependence of the United States upon dwindling petroleum resources is examined. The possible limit of petroleum usage is discussed, and recent oil production trends are presented. Coupling these with projected analyses of OPEC oil productive capability in the early 1980's indicates a serious worldwide as well as American energy problem in the next decade. The need for conservation and rapid development of application of alternative energy resources is discussed including quantitative projections of significant conservation efforts as well as estimates of domestic alternative energy resource capabilities.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Emerging Energy Alternatives for the Sourtheastern States; p 7-18
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  • 24
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    IUE flight experience (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Nickel cadmium batteries were designed to provide an alternate booster energy source to the IUE satellite during eclipse periods. Data shows the spacecraft can operate over the three year design life and a five year design goal.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 229-237
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  • 25
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    Single cell recongidioning test (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Reconditioning the voltage and current profiles, capacity discharge and current, and charge and discharge cycles are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 171-181
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  • 26
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    Microprocessor controlled advanced battery management systems (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The advanced battery management system described uses the capabilities of an on-board microprocessor to: (1) monitor the state of the battery on a cell by cell basis; (2) compute the state of charge of each cell; (3) protect each cell from reversal; (4) prevent overcharge on each individual cell; and (5) control dual rate reconditioning to zero volts per cell.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 287-299
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  • 27
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    Tadiran-Plainview Electronics presentation (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Various environmental, mechanical, vibration, shock, etc., test were run on the manufacturer's lithium cells. The data obtained from these tests are graphically presented and briefly discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 531-538
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  • 28
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    High rate of reversal in Nicd cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Pressure response to reverse current, pressure decay after reversal, and discharge performance of nickel cadmium cells are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 183-198
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  • 29
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    Tradeoff analysis with lithium cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Characteristic data, primarily on high rate lithium sulfur dioxide design (basically in the D and DD cell configuration), both before and after much exposure to environmental conditions are discussed. The environmental as opposed to signle cells. Discussion was generated among the Workshop participants and comments and questions are reported. Graphical representations of the test data are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space FLight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 475-487
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  • 30
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    Hazards of lithium thionyl chloride batteries (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Two different topics which only relate in that they are pertinent to lithium thionyl chloride battery safety are discussed. The first topic is a hazards analysis of a system (risk assessment), a formal approach that is used in nuclear engineering, predicting oil spills, etc. It is a formalized approach for obtaining assessment of the degree of risk associated with the use of any particular system. The second topic is a small piece of chemistry related to the explosions that can occur with lithium thionyl chloride systems. After the two topics are presented, a discussion is generated among the Workshop participants.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 449-458
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  • 31
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    Life test of NiH2 flight battery (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Life cycle tests being run on the 50 A lightweight nickel hydrogen flight battery are discussed and the preliminary results are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 341-346
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  • 32
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    USAF nickel hydrogen cell (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Air Force activities in nickel hydrogen battery research were summarized. The latest developments for the past year were discussed and applications of the nickel hydrogen batteries were reviewed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 317-329
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  • 33
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    HCMM/SAGE test results (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The salient features of the nickel cadmium batteries used in the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission spacecraft and the SAGE satellite are presented. Life tests, battery profiles, and recommendations for structural improvement are reported.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 271-285
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  • 34
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    NTS-2 battery after 1 year and 3 eclipse seasons (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The performance of the nickel hydrogen batteries on board the NTS-2 satellite was determined after being in orbit for several months. The effects of the eclipses were presented as well as the power loading operations.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 309-315
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  • 35
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    RCA Satcom in orbit: Reconditioning and flight experience (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The performance of the nickel cadmium batteries on the SATCOM in orbit, and the effects of aging and changes in temperature due to eclipses are described. A description of the battery reconditioning is presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 253-265
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  • 36
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    Standard cell data (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Performance tests of the mechanical designs of nickel cadmium cells are presented. The framework of the manufacturing and processing of these cells is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 163-170
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  • 37
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    Synchronous orbit models (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The NASA guidelines for synchronous orbits are presented. Mathematical models are developed which encompass all test variables and systems engineering.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 149-154
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  • 38
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    Safety characteristics of the lithium SO2 system (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Extensive tests were conducted to quantitatively define the safety characteristics of high-rate SO2 multicell batteries under various discharge and temperature profiles, which closely simulated actual field-use conditions. The resulting behavior patters of the multicell batteries and the corrective action which can be implemented to minimize or prevent hazardous battery performance are briefly summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 539-548
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  • 39
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    Life testing of Mallory cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Tests were performed to assess the effects of storage time, storage temperature, vibration, discharge rate and temperature, and capacity of high-rate, D size, lithium sulfur dioxide cells. Data from these tests are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 489-497
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  • 40
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    Characteristics of Li-SOCl2 cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A general discussion of the characteristics of Li-SOC12 cells is presented. Three different shaped cells were selected for study; prismatic, cylindrical, and disc. The characteristics of the cells were obtained through nondestructive and destructive testing which are discussed. Graphs are presented which represent the various parameters investigated. Workshop participant comments and questions are also included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA Goddard Space FLight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 465-474
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  • 41
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    Seal problems of lithium cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The problem of leakage through a seal in lithium cells is addressed. The use of ceramic and glass-to-metal seals is briefly discussed. Comments are presented from the Workshop participants.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 459-464
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    US Army lithium cell applications (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The how, why and where the Army is applying lithium batteries are addressed. The Army is committing its efforts to the utilization of lithium batteries in new equipment that will be going into the field possibly from FY-80 and thereafter. The Army's philosophy is to guide their users and the equipment designers, to use battery packs are opposed to singel cells. After a detailed description of the battery types that are being considered, a discussion is presented in which questions and comments are exchanged among the Workshop participants.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space FLight Center, 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 441-448
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  • 43
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    Common pressure vessel battery performance (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Performance tests run on two common pressure vessel type nickel hydrogen batteries are described and the results presented. The study included: (1) charge retention tests, (2) synchronous eclipse season cycling tests, and (3) temperature differential tests.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 361-370
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  • 44
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    NASA lithium cell applications (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The advantages of lithium systems are described and a general summary of their application in present and future NASA programs is presented. Benefits of the lithium systems include an increased payload weight and an increased cost effectiveness to the customer. This also allows for more flexibility in the design of future space transportation systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 395-410
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  • 45
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    Silver hydrogen voltage/pressure performance (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: High pressure tests were run on silver hydrogen cells in order to determine: (1) the self discharge characteristics at 1000 and 2000 psig; (2) the state of charge parameters; and (3) the trickle charge rates. These results were then compared with pressure test results from a nickel hydrogen cell.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 383-391
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  • 46
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    Configuration analysis of nickel hydrogen cell (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The significance of various stack configurations and components on the cycle life for nickel hydrogen cells for synchronous orbit used was evaluated. Failure modes of electrolyte management and 02 management were solved by modifications in the reservoir, the wick, and/or the stack configuration.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 347-359
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  • 47
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    Acceptance test data on Hughes-USAF lightweight nickel hydrogen cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Cell capacity, stabilization cycling, and failure analysis data on 50 A hour lightweight nickel hydrogen cells is presented and discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 331-340
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  • 48
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    Parallel battery test results (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The effects of disabling and enabling the charger on one of two batteries that are operating in a parallel mode are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 201-211
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  • 49
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    Hughes/GE improved NiCd cell design (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Synchronous orbit and elliptical orbit life tests are used to make improvements in cell design for spacecraft application. The test increased the electrolyte volume and the surface area in cells to reduce the current density on charge and discharge.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 155-162
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  • 50
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    Data analysis for the accelerated test (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Test variables discussed graphically include the effects of: (1) ambient temperature; (2) depth of the discharge; (3) discharge rate; (4) percent of recgargel (5) KOH concentration; (6) KOH volume; (7) charge rate and (8) negative per charge.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 110-117
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  • 51
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    Ceramic-metal seals for advanced battery systems (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The search for materials which are electrochemically compatible with the lithium sulfur and sodium sulfur systems is discussed. The use liquid or braze alloys, titanium hydrite coatings, and tungsten yttria for bonding beryllium with ceramic is examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 87-100
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  • 52
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    Comparison of cells with Pellon 2503 and 2505 separator (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Unlike the 2505 nonwoven nylon separator material which has fibers in a random direction, the 2503 material has fibers oriented all in one direction. Properties of the two materials discussed include density, porosity, absorptivity, electrolyte retention, capacity, and charge voltage pressure. With only 1,000 test cycles completed, it is not possible to determine whether 2503 is a suitable substitute.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 57-63
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  • 53
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    Accelerated test program at Crane (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Statistical analysis of work performed, the present status, and the future plans of the program are summarized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 103-109
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  • 54
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    Characterization of degraded nickel cadmium cells (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Various cells were cycled until degradation and then tested to determine the electrochemical characterization of the cells with regard to charge control. A constant voltage charged to a temperature-biased voltage, using up to an 8-voltage limit was used for the evaluation. Graphs show severe discharge voltage degradation with cycling and periodic capacity discharge; voltage extremes for cells with and without periodic capacity discharges; voltage extremes for cells with high rate discharge; voltage-temperature levels used for charge control; end of charge current and discharge voltage for 5 percent DOD cycling; cell capacity following 5 percent DOD cycling; and the end of discharge voltage and typical charge current profiles for the 20 percent DOD cycling.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 65-74
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  • 55
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    Lightweight porous plastic plaque (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The porosity and platability of various materials were investigated to determine a suitable substrate for nickel-plated electrodes. Immersion, ultrasonics, and flow-through plating techniques were tried using nonproprietary formulations, and proprietary phosphide and boride baths. Modifications to the selected material include variations in formulation and treatment, carbon loading to increase conductivity, and the incorporation of a grid. Problems to be solved relate to determining conductivities and porosities as a function of amount of nickel plated on the plastics; loading; charge and discharge curves of electrodes at different current densities; cell performance; and long-term degradation of electrodes.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 31-42
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  • 56
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    Accelerated test modeling (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Cycle life regression model, cycle life prediction model, and acceleration factors are discussed. A method was presented to: (1) select a mathematical model; (2) determine model coefficients using accelerated test data; (3) test model fit of the accelerated test data; and (4) predict normal packs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 119-133
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  • 57
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    Dynamics of cell degradation (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The use of chemical and physical data as a supplement to linear regression models in the prediction of cell failure is discussed. Principal factors to be considered are the positive thickness and weight, and the negative thickness. A model for cell degradation and failure in accelerated life test cells is presented and predictions based on a teardown analysis are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 75-85
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  • 58
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    Potential prediction needs in support of energy systems (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The relationship between emerging energy systems and the natural environment is discussed, including selected examples to show that energy systems are tied to global solar terrestrial processess. The interdependence of resources, technology, and environmental impact is considered in terms of needed geophysical, atmospheric, and solar terrestrial data inputs. The need for long term basic research on the solar terrestrial system is emphasized.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar-Terrest. Predictions Proc., Vol. 2; p 198-202
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  • 59
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    Applications and safety data (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A general overview of activities involving lithium batteries, which shows the various applications and data that were performed for numerous industry and government sponsors is presented. Brief discussions on electrochemical criteria selection, and typical storage and performance data obtained from three systems being developed are presented. Current safety work being done on high-rate, D, SO2 cells is also discussed. Three chemistries were developed and are discussed: lithium vanadium pentoxide, lithium sulfur dioxide, and lithium thionyl chloride. Storage, performance and safety data are graphically presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 511-530
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  • 60
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    Large cells and their performance (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Some of the large primary cells presently made, ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 ampere-hours are discussed. Performance data obtained on a 2,000 ampere-hour cell are graphically presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 499-503
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  • 61
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    NASA's lithium cell technology program (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Briefly outlined are the activities of the various research centers involved in the NASA program. Graphs are presented for: (1) the initial results on SOCl2 decomposition rate; (2) effect of rate on output of Li-SOCl2 cells; (3) comparison of high and low rate Li-SOCl2 cells; and (4) effect of temperature on output of Li-SOCl2 cells. Abusive test results and a description of secondary lithium cells are also presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 431-440
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  • 62
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    Silver hydrogen batteries (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The feasibility of silver hydrogen batteries was investigated. Cell configurations and cell cycling were discussed. Energy density was found to be 65 to 100 watt hours per kilogram. Electrolyte management was considered critical to the cell's performance. Factors of electrolyte management which were particularly important were: (1) the nature of the separator system, and (2) the amount of electrolyte.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 371-381
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  • 63
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    US Navy lithium cell applications (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Applications of lithium systems that are already in the fleet are discussed. The approach that the Navy is taking in the control of the introduction of lithium batteries into the fleet is also discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop 411-420 (SEE N79-28669 19-44)
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  • 64
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    Air Force electrochemical impregnation process results (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The status of the Air Force Electrochemical program was reviewed. The performance characteristics of the system was attributed to the use of an electrochemical impregnation process. The electrode improvements, the prototype equipment designs, and the actual construction of a production facility are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 303-308
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  • 65
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    Synopsis of Viking flight data (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The temporary failure of the data collection hardware along with the fifty percent degradation on the batteries in lander 1 were discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 249-251
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  • 66
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    Canadian Technology Satellite, an update (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: An update on the performance of the nickel cadmium batteries on the Communications Technology Satellite is presented. The wattage and capacity during the winter and summer solstices are pointed out.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 267-269
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  • 67
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    Viking flight data after 24 months on Mars surface (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: An update of the Viking landers after two years of operation is presented along with an evaluation of the battery system aboard the spacecrafts which supplied them with an alternate booster energy source.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 239-247
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  • 68
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    Safety and abuse testing (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A series of abuse tests on large lithium thionyl chloride cells was initiated. Performance data obtained in testing rectangular 2,000 and 10,000 ampere-hour cells are discussed and graphically presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 505-510
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  • 69
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    Nonlinear prediction modeling for accelerated testing (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Empirical equation derived from cycles-to-failure, temperature cells, and prediction of normal packs are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 135-147
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  • 70
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    Cell design and manufacturing changes during the past decade (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Eight of the most important changes that occurred in the GE 12 AH cell over the past ten years, which are currently being used are evaluated, and a systematic approach to compare their relative merits is presented. Typical positive thickness, typical negative thickness, positive loading, negative loading, final KOH quantity, and precharge as adjustment are shown for the control cell, and the following variables: Teflon treatment; silver treatment; light loading; no PQ treatment; polypropylene separator; the A.K. 1968 plate design no PQ, old elec process, no decarb process and the A.K. 1968 plate design, no PQ, present aerospace processes. The acceptance test cell voltage and cell pressure performance and capacity test results are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 49-56
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  • 71
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    Voltage/temperature charge characteristics (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A series of nickel cadmium batteries were tested to determine the effects of boltages and various temperatures on the charge discharge ratios and the recharge percentage. It was concluded that the selection of a proper temperature should consider the satellite orbit characteristics, the cell operating characteristics, the battery operating temperature range, and the final taper charge current.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 213-228
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  • 72
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    Chemical analysis of positive and negative plates, a survey (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Regular arrays of 1 inch discs cut from chemically impregnated positive and negative plates were sent to various contractors and government organizations for chemical analysis in order to determine whether there is consistency in analysis. Techniques used included NASA procedures as specified, variations, wet chemical techniques, and atomic absorption. The weight, thickness of disc, and active material quantity as measured by four respondents are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 43-48
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  • 73
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    Lightweight electrodes (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: The fabrication of a lightweight composite nickel hydroxide electrode based on nickel-coated graphite is described and its effect on the load to failure and electrical resistivity of nickel cadmium and nickel zinc systems was evaluated. The use pure lead in lead acid batteries for submarines is also discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 11th Ann. Battery Workshop; p 17-30
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  • 74
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    Thermodynamic cycle analysis (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis was made of Rankine cycle efficiency in nuclear power plants with and without reheat capabilities. In addition, temperatures and pressures at certain selected locations were carried out to optimize plant efficiency. It was determined that plant efficiency without reheat was 39.03%, with reheat, a maximum efficiency of 4.44% was obtained at a pressure of 435.12 psia. Data also indicate efficiency appears to increase for pressures greater than 720 psia. However, higher pressures cannot be used because calculations indicate these pressure reheat temperatures exceed 1650 R, which is not allowed due to material limitations.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Analysis of UF6 Breeder Reactor Power Plants; p 73-78
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    Solar central electric power generation - A baseline design (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper presents the conceptual technical baseline design of a solar electric power plant using the central receiver concept, and derives credible cost estimates from the baseline design. The major components of the plant - heliostats, tower, receiver, tower piping, and thermal storage - are discussed in terms of technical and cost information. The assumed peak plant output is 215 MW(e), over 4000 daylight hours. The contribution of total capital investment to energy cost is estimated to be about 55 mills per kwh in mid-1974 dollars.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 76
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    Energy consumption program: A computer model simulating energy loads in buildings (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The JPL energy consumption computer program developed as a useful tool in the on-going building modification studies in the DSN energy conservation project is described. The program simulates building heating and cooling loads and computes thermal and electric energy consumption and cost. The accuracy of computations are not sacrificed, however, since the results lie within + or - 10 percent margin compared to those read from energy meters. The program is carefully structured to reduce both user's time and running cost by asking minimum information from the user and reducing many internal time-consuming computational loops. Many unique features were added to handle two-level electronics control rooms not found in any other program.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 288-289
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  • 77
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    Cogeneration power systems (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Cogeneration is defined as the combination of electrical generation and process heat for more efficient use of fuel. Comparisons of energy utilization in conventional electric power plants and cogeneration electric power plants are presented. Characteristics of various cogeneration systems are also presented. Systems are analyzed for use in utility systems and industrial systems. Economic and cost analysis are reviewed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proc. of the Alternate Energy Systems Seminar; p 68-96
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  • 78
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    Prospects for pipeline delivery of hydrogen as a fuel and as a chemical feedstock (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The possibility of using hydrogen for storing and carrying energy obtained from nonfossil sources such as nuclear and solar energy is examined. According to the method proposed, these nonfossil raw energy sources will be used to obtain hydrogen from water by three basically distinct routes: (1) electrical generation followed by electrolysis; (2) thermochemical decomposition; and (3) direct neutron or ultraviolet irradiation of hydrogen bearing molecules. The hydrogen obtained will be transmitted in long-distance pipelines, and distributed to all energy-consuming sectors. As a fuel gas, hydrogen has many qualities similar to natural gas and with only minor modifications, it can be transmitted and distributed in the same equipment, and can be burned in the same appliances as natural gas. Hydrogen can also be used as a clean fuel (water is the only combustion product) for automobiles, fleet vehicles, and aircraft.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: American Gas Association Monthly; 58; Nov. 197
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  • 79
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    Design application using solar energy to control the environment in a major office building (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 80
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    The dilemma of future electric power demand (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Dim prospects are held out for continued exponential growth rates in the generation and use of electric power worldwide and in many local areas, extrapolating from current trends and common projections. While acknowledging the unique advantages of electric power use, the article points out the 30% level of efficiency in conversion of other forms of energy to electrical energy, with huge volumes of wasted energy plus thermal pollution. Even growth at a fixed rate is found problematical, with future needs exhausting water and land resources and fossil fuels in time. Alleviation of the situation by shifting much of the load to still unproven technologies is considered cautiously
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Energy Quarterly; 6; Apr. 1
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    Clean fuels from biomass (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper discusses the U.S. resources to provide fuels from agricultural products, the present status of conversion technology of clean fuels from biomass, and a system study directed to determine the energy budget, and environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Conversion processes are discussed relative to pyrolysis and anaerobic fermentation. Pyrolysis breaks the cellulose molecules to smaller molecules under high temperature in the absence of oxygen, wheras anaerobic fermentation is used to convert biomass to methane by means of bacteria. Cost optimization and energy utilization are also discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Energy Quarterly; 6; Jan. 1
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  • 82
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    Dynamic modeling for evaluation of solar collector performance (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Dynamic modeling is being developed to provide a tool for systematic analysis of performance characteristics in energy systems where time-dependent behavior is important. A dynamic model program designed to aid in the understanding of solar collector behavior over the full range of operating conditions was constructed and tested in the evaluation of a conceptual collector design.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 141-146
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  • 83
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    Mechanical design (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Design concepts for a 1000 mw thermal stationary power plant employing the UF6 fueled gas core breeder reactor are examined. Three design combinations-gaseous UF6 core with a solid matrix blanket, gaseous UF6 core with a liquid blanket, and gaseous UF6 core with a circulating blanket were considered. Results show the gaseous UF6 core with a circulating blanket was best suited to the power plant concept.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Analysis of UF6 Breeder Reactor Power Plants; p 90-105
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  • 84
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    Background (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An analysis was made of the UF6 fueled gas core reactor as a function of cavity reactor criticality and fluid mechanics tests, investigations of uranium optical emission spectra, and radiant heat transfer power plant studies. Data are also given on nuclear and thermodynamic cycle analysis.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Analysis of UF6 Breeder Reactor Power Plants; p 6-33
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  • 85
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    The thermal efficiency and cost of producing hydrogen and other synthetic aircraft fuels from coal (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A comparison is made of the cost and thermal efficiency of producing liquid hydrogen, liquid methane and synthetic aviation kerosene from coal. These results are combined with estimates of the cost and energy losses associated with transporting, storing, and transferring the fuels to aircraft. The results of hydrogen-fueled and kerosene-fueled aircraft performance studies are utilized to compare the economic viability and efficiency of coal resource utilization of synthetic aviation fuels.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Miami Univ. First World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Proc., Vol. 3; 28 p
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  • 86
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    Solar radiation measurement - Techniques and instrumentation (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A general survey is presented of solar radiation measurement, techniques, and instrumentation. The importance of determining the total and spectral irradiance of the sun is examined in the context of the energy crisis and utilization of solar energy. The survey includes the extraterrestrial solar fluxes, their possible variations, problems relating to energy received by collecting surfaces on the ground, major types of instrumentation, and the radiation scales to which the measurements are referred. The type of insolation data available is reviewed. Alternate techniques of deriving insolation data with high space-time resolution are discussed with reference to solar energy conversion requirements. Energy received on the ground can be computed from known values of the extraterrestrial solar spectrum and of the spectral absorption parameters of the atmosphere. Another technique is based on measurements made by meteorological satellites of the cloud-cover and of the solar energy reflected and scattered back to space by the earth-atmosphere system.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 87
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    Thermal alteration of young kerogen in relation to petroleum genesis (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Kerogen, humic acid, and lipid material were separated from a young marine sediment and heated in sealed tubes in a nitrogen atmosphere at 150 and 410 C. Gaseous and liquid products generated during heating, and also the residual organic material, were characterized by gas-liquid chromatography, elemental analysis, infrared and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Nature; 264; Nov. 25
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  • 88
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    Thermodynamic analysis of alternate energy carriers, hydrogen and chemical heat pipes (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Hydrogen and chemical heat pipes were proposed as methods of transporting energy from a primary energy source (nuclear, solar) to the user. In the chemical heat pipe system, primary energy is transformed into the energy of a reversible chemical reaction; the chemical species are then transmitted or stored until the energy is required. Analysis of thermochemical hydrogen schemes and chemical heat pipe systems on a second law efficiency or available work basis show that hydrogen is superior especially if the end use of the chemical heat pipe is electrical power.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Miami Univ. 1st World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Proc., Vol. 2; 15 p
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  • 89
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    Energy storage possibilities of atomic hydrogen (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Several recent experiments designed to produce and store macroscopic quantities of atomic hydrogen are discussed. The bulk, ground state properties of atomic hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium systems are calculated assuming that all pair interactions occur via the atomic triplet potential. The conditions required to obtain this system, including inhibition of recombination through the energetically favorable singlet interaction, are discussed. The internal energy, pressure, and compressibility are calculated applying the Monte Carlo technique with a quantum mechanical variational wavefunction. The system studied consisted of 32 atoms in a box with periodic boundary conditions. Results show that atomic triplet hydrogen and deuterium remain gaseous at 0 K; i.e., the internal energy is positive at all molar volumes considered.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Miami Univ. First World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Proc., Vol. 3; 18 p
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  • 90
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    Some early perspectives on ground requirements of liquid hydrogen air transports (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The introduction of liquid hydrogen as a fuel for large, long haul air transports requires an integrated approach involving the air terminal authorities and the liquid hydrogen suppliers, as well as the airline operators and the air transport manufacturers. To illustrate the scope of the requirements necessary to support large air transports at the air terminals, perspectives are drawn to surface some concerns each of the principals may have to face, and to identify those that will require cooperative efforts to obtain integrated solutions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Miami Univ. First World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Proc., Vol. 3; 24 p
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  • 91
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    A two-dimensional finite difference solution for the transient thermal behavior of tubular solar collector (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A numerical procedure was established using the finite-difference technique in the determination of the time-varying temperature distribution of a tubular solar collector under changing solar radiancy and ambient temperature. Three types of spatial discretization processes were considered and compared for their accuracy of computations and for selection of the shortest computer time and cost. The stability criteria of this technique was analyzed in detail to give the critical time increment to ensure stable computations. The results of the numerical analysis were in good agreement with the analytical solution previously reported. The numerical method proved to be a powerful tool in the investigation of the collector sensitivity to two different flow patterns and several flow control mechanisms.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 110-127
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  • 92
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    High-efficiency solar concentrator (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new type of solar concentrator is presented using liquid lenses and simple translational tracking mechanism. The concentrator achieves a 100:1 nominal concentration ratio and is compared in performance with a flat-plate collector having two sheets of glazing and non-selective coating. The results of the thermal analysis show that higher temperatures can be obtained with the concentrator than is possible with the non-concentrator flat-plate type. Furthermore, the thermal efficiency far exceeds that of the comparative flat-plate type for all operating conditions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 99-109
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  • 93
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    Public policy for solar heating and cooling (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent analyses indicated that solar heating and cooling systems for residential buildings are nearly economically competitive with conventional fossil fuel or electric systems, the former having higher initial cost but a lower operating cost than the latter. The paper examines obstacles to the widespread acceptance and use of solar space conditioning systems and explores some general policies which could help to overcome them. The discussion covers such institutional barriers limiting the adoption of solar technologies as existing building codes, financing constraints, and organizational structure of the building industry. The potential impact of financial incentives is analyzed. It is noted that a tax incentive of 25% could speed the use of solar energy by 7 to 8 years and produce an 8% reduction in fossil fuel use by 1990. A preliminary incentive package which could be helpful in promoting solar energy both at federal and state levels is proposed, and the necessary incentive level is analysed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists; 32; Oct. 197
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  • 94
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    Toward a mathematical model of solar radiation for engineering analysis of solar energy systems (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The currently most-used insolation model and what improvements might be made in it to better suit it for use in designing energy systems is discussed. An approach to constructing an upgraded model is sketched.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 147-151
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  • 95
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    High performance flat plate solar collector (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The potential use of porous construction is presented to achieve efficient heat removal from a power producing solid and is applied to solar air heaters. Analytical solutions are given for the temperature distribution within a gas-cooled porous flat plate having its surface exposed to the sun's energy. The extracted thermal energy is calculated for two different types of plate transparency. Results show the great improvement in performance obtained with porous flat plate collectors as compared with analogous nonporous types.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Deep Space Network; p 90-99
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  • 96
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    Nuclear analysis (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The MACH-1 and the THERMOS codes and their use as computational tools in nuclear analysis are examined. One dimensional survey calculations were carried out for a UF fueled core surrounded by a molten blanket; two dimensional calculations were made later with r-z geometry using the EXTERMINATOR program. Results and comparisons of the calculations are given in tabular form.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Analysis of UF6 Breeder Reactor Power Plants; p 46-72
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  • 97
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    Heat transfer and fluid flow (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Heat transfer and flow characteristics of UF6 flowing in a gas core reactor were analyzed through solution of the energy equation. The thermal-physical properties of UF6 are given.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Analysis of UF6 Breeder Reactor Power Plants; p 73-78
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  • 98
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    ECAS Phase I fuel cell results (1978)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This paper summarizes and discusses the fuel cell system results of Phase I of the Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS). Ten advanced electric powerplant systems for central-station baseload generation using coal were studied by NASA in ECAS. Three types of low-temperature fuel cells (solid polymer electrolyte, SPE, aqueous alkaline, and phosphoric acid) and two types of high-temperature fuel cells (molten carbonate, MC, and zirconia solid electrolyte, SE) were studied. The results indicate that (1) overall efficiency increases with fuel cell temperature, and (2) scale-up in powerplant size can produce a significant reduction in cost of electricity (COE) only when it is accompanied by utilization of waste fuel cell heat through a steam bottoming cycle and/or integration with a gasifier. For low-temperature fuel cell systems, the use of hydrogen results in the highest efficiency and lowest COE. In spite of higher efficiencies, because of higher fuel cell replacement costs integrated SE systems have higher projected COEs than do integrated MC systems. Present data indicate that life can be projected to over 30,000 hr for MC fuel cells, but data are not yet sufficient for similarly projecting SE fuel cell life expectancy.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Journal of Energy; 2; Jan
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  • 99
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    Status of photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen and electrical energy (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The efficiency for conversion of electromagnetic energy to chemical and electrical energy utilizing semiconductor single crystals as photoanodes in electrochemical cells was investigated. Efficiencies as high as 20 percent were achieved for the conversion of 330 nm radiation to chemical energy in the form of hydrogen by the photoelectrolysis of water in a SrTiO3 based cell. The SrTiO3 photoanodes were shown to be stable in 9.5 M NaOH solutions for periods up to 48 hours. Efficiencies of 9 percent were measured for the conversion of broadband visible radiation to hydrogen using n-type GaAs crystals as photoanodes. Crystals of GaAs coated with 500 nm of gold, silver, or tin for surface passivation show no significant change in efficiency. By suppressing the production of hydrogen in a CdSe-based photogalvanic cell, an efficiency of 9 percent was obtained in conversion of 633 nm light to electrical energy. A CdS-based photogalvanic cell produced a conversion efficiency of 5 percent for 500 nm radiation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Princeton Univ. Partially Ionized Plasmas, Including the 3rd Symp. on Uranium Plasmas; p 244-247
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  • 100
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    ERDA-NASA wind energy project ready to involve users (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The NASA contribution to the Wind Energy Project is discussed. NASA is responsible for the following: (1) identification of cost-effective configurations and sizes of wind-conversion systems, (2) the development of technology needed to produce these systems, (3) the design of wind-conversion systems that are compatible with user requirements, particularly utility networks, and (4) technology transfer obtained from the program to stimulate rapid commercial application of wind systems. Various elements of the NASA program are outlined, including industry-built user operation, the evaluation phase, the proposed plan and schedule for site selection and user involvement, supporting research and technology (e.g., energy storage), and component and subsystem technology development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Energy; 1; Winter 1
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