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  • Scanning electron microscopy  (33)
  • bone marrow  (25)
  • Springer  (58)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Institute of Physics
  • Taylor & Francis
  • Wiley
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (58)
  • 2008
  • 1977  (29)
  • 1976  (29)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (58)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Institute of Physics
  • Taylor & Francis
  • Wiley
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (58)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SEM analysis of amphibian mesodermal migration (1977)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 181 (1977), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Cell migration ; Mesoderm ; Gastrulation ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary At the end of gastrulation, the lateral mesoderm of amphibian embryos migrates ventrally between the ectoderm and the endoderm. The present study is an examination of the morphology of the leading cells of the mesodermal sheet and of the substratum over which they move (the inner surface of the ectoderm). The cells of the leading edge of the mesoderm are generally round, with very short and narrow flattened projections in the forward direction. These projections do not have a “ruffled” morphology, regardless of whether fixation is carried out before or after the ectoderm and mesoderm are dissected away from the endoderm. The inner surface of the ectoderm is covered with fine (450–500A) filamentous extracellular material and the ectoderm cells sometimes extend cytoplasmic processes (approx. 0.1 μ wide) onto the leading surface of the mesoderm or onto adjacent ectoderm cells. These studies indicate that the morphology of cell migration in amphibians is closer to that seen inFundulus than to that characteristic of chick or mammalian cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00857266
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of α-galactomannan on the surface of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells by scanning electron microscopy (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 112 (1977), S. 123-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bandeiraea simplicifolia ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Colloidal gold ; Cytochemistry ; α-Galactomannan-lectin ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Galactomannan was localized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy on the cells and cell walls of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The markers were prepared from colloidal gold granules labelled with an α-galactopyranosyl-binding lectin isolated from the seeds of Bandeiraea simplicifolia. Part or all of this α-galactomannan was present in the outer layer of the cell wall and was uniformly distributed even on the fission scars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of dissociated pancreatic acinar cell surfaces (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Acinar cells ; Cell surface ; Dissociation ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pancreatic acinar cell surfaces have been studied by SEM with a dissection technique and correlated with results obtained by TEM. The SEM results demonstrate characteristic arrangement of microplicae which in some areas are densely packed. In many areas, the microplicae are distributed in such a manner that they create zones with typical geometrical shapes and show a relatively smooth surface. These smooth areas may coincide, as indicated by correlated TEM results, with the limits of intimate contact between adjacent acinar cells which, in turn, represent part of the junctional complex. Another aspect revealed by these SEM preparations concerns the presence of groups of densely packed microplicae, arranged in regular rows and distributed along some grooves and/or infoldings of the cellular surface. On the basis of SEM and TEM information, it is likely that these structures correspond to intercellular (and possibly, in some cases, intracellular) canaliculi which topographically form a kind of extensive microlabyrinthine arrangement running along all the cell sides. One final point revealed by fractured samples concerns the finding of spherical zymogen droplets within the vesicles of the Golgi complex. Because in many scanning images these vesicles appear connected by small openings, it is suggested that they may represent a system of intercommunicating chambers (vacuoles) through which the zymogen droplets can be continuously accumulated and discharged into the acinar lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The third ventricle of monkeys (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 177 (1977), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Third ventricle ; Mature monkeys ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Ependyma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surface features of the ependymal lining of the third ventricle in mature male and female monkeys have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Broad aspects of third ventricular morphology from three species of monkey are similar regardless of sex. The lateral walls are heavily ciliated whereas the ventral floor and most ventral parts of the lateral walls are not. Clumps of cilia on the lateral walls are so dense that underlying surface details are usually obscured. There is a transition zone between the ciliated lateral wall and nonciliated ventral floor. The floor and lower part of the lateral walls of the third ventricle exhibit a characteristic polygonal pattern upon which surface specializations such as microvilli, blebs and polymorphous membrane protrusions are superimposed. Ependyma of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle also display membrane specializations. Supraependymal cells are more visible in nonciliated regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional development of luminal projections and junctional complexes in the developing central nervous system blood vessels of the rat (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1977), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood vessels ; High voltage electron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The luminal surface features and Junctional complexes from developing blood vessels in the rat central nervous system have been studied by high-voltage electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Developing blood vessels exhibit three types of luminal projections; marginal folds or ridges at Junctional complexes, ridges not at Junctional complexes and microvilli. Both types of ridges are associated with troughs or depressions in the luminal surface of the endothelial cell. Those ridges not associated with Junctional complexes take part in the production of enclosed tunnels in the endothelial cell cytoplasm. Fusion of the external leaflets of Junctional complexes between adjacent endothelial cells occurred, initially, near the luminal surface of the blood vessel with other small fusion sites forming in the direction of the basal lamina secondarily. Further fusion activity to produce the zonula occludens type junction appeared to spread outwards from the smaller fusion sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreceptor-like outer segments in the pineal organ of the lovebird, Uroloncha domestica (Aves: Passeriformes) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Uroloncha domestica (Aves, Passeriformes) ; Photoreceptor-like cells ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the pineal organ of the lovebird, Uroloncha domestica, bulbous, cup-shaped and elongated outer segments of photoreceptor-like pinealocytes are demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. These scarce outer segments, 4–11 μm in length, extend into the pineal lumen. The present structural observations speak in favor of photosensitive pinealocytes in the pineal organ of Uroloncha domestica. The relation of the photoreceptor-like pinealocytes to acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve cells and a nervous connection between the pineal and the brain indicate that the pineal organ of this passeriform species may be the site of neuroendocrine and photoreceptive functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222062
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of bone marrow cells during fractionated x-ray irradiation (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: x-ray irradiation ; blood ; bone marrow ; mitotic cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The harmful action of fractionated x-ray irradiation (12 rad daily, total dose 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 1500 rad) on hematopoiesis was studied in guinea pigs. The dynamics of the changes in erythro- and myelopoiesis after irradiation was phasic in character. In the first phase activation of proliferative processes was manifested as an increase in the mitotic index, shortening of the mitotic cycle of cells of the erythroid and myeloid series, and their more rapid differentiation, so that as a result a sufficient number of cells entered the blood stream and maintained a near-normal number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in peripheral blood. In the second phase weakening of proliferative processes was observed in the bone marrow, the mitotic index was reduced, the duration of the mitotic cycle was increased, and differentiation of cells of the erythroid and myeloid series was slowed, with the development of anemia and leukopenia in the peripheral blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799438
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of antibody formation by bone marrow T cells activated by histocompatibility antigens (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 341-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; suppressor T cells ; antibody formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The suppressive action of bone marrow T cells activated by histocompatibility antigens on antibody formation was studied. The bone marrow of CBA mice was shown to contain thymus-dependent lymphocytes which, on hyperactivation by repeated transplantation into F1 recipients, have a suppressive action on the development of the cooperative immune response to sheep's red cells. Preliminary treatment of the bone marrow cells with antithymocytic globulin and complement abolished the suppressive effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799356
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hybrid resistance of bone marrow stroma to precursor cells (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 390-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: heterotopic transplantation ; bone marrow ; stromal precursor cells ; hybrid resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The focus of hematopoiesis arising after transplantation of a fragment of bone marrow from a C57BL mouse beneath the capsule of the kidney of a syngeneic mouse contains more hematopoietic cells than if transplanted into a semisyngeneic (CBA x C57BL)F1 recipient. Experiments with repopulation of the graft, when depopulated by irradiation, by injected hematopoietic cells of the same genotype as the graft (C57BL) showed that these differences are due to the smaller size of the hemotopoietic microenvironment in the focus formed in the hybrid than in the syngeneic system. Hybrid resistance is thus manifested not only against hematopoietic cells, but also against stromal precursors transferring the hematopoietic microenvironment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799373
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of hematopoiesis in nude mice (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 545-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: nude mice ; peripheral blood ; bone marrow ; thymus ; spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The state of the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and spleen was studied from the age aspect in nude mice, characterized by the presence of the recessive nu mutation. In athymic homozygous (nu/nu) individuals, various features were found in the blood system the distinguished them from heterozygous (nu/+) animals: a low lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen, inhibition of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, and hyperplasia of erythroid elements in the spleen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807502
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative ability of nucleated rat bone marrow cells after freezing and thawing (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 557-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; proliferative activity ; freezing-thawing ; radiation chimeras
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The proliferative power of rat bone marrow myelokaryocytes after freezing and thawing under the protection of hydroxyethyl derivative of tetrahydric alcohol (HEDTA) was studied in experiments on mouse-rat radiation chimeras. Rat bone marrow cells were shown to preserve their proliferative power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807506
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proliferation and differentiation of albino mouse bone marrow cells caused by heparin (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 876-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: heparin ; bone marrow ; labeled mitoses ; mitotic cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on noninbred albino mice after daily injection of heparin (250 units/kg) for 2 weeks showed that the leukocyte count in the peripheral blood increased by 30%, the number of nucleated cells in the femoral marrow was unchanged, and the leukoerythroblastic ratio rose from 4.1 to 7.6. Autoradiographic studies showed that the duration of the mitotic cycle and of its various periods were unchanged by the action of heparin: T=13 h, S=8 h, G2=1 h, G1+M=4 h. In heparinized animals the shape of the curve of labeled mitoses was close to the ideal theoretical curve. It is postulated that under the influence of heparin cell division is synchronized in the bone marrow and differentiation is shifted toward myelopoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00798903
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the main sections of the hematopoietic system in radiation chimeras (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1190-1192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hematopoietic stem cells ; bone marrow ; proliferation ; radiation chimeras
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the first 3 days after irradiation of mice and transplantation of syngeneic bone marrow into them the number of hematopoietic stem cells (CFUs) does not increase (about 0.5% of the number of injected cells) although induction of proliferation in these cells starts as early as 24 h after transplantation. It was shown by the “thymidine suicide” method that after 24 h all CFU were in a mitotic cycle. Conversely, the buffer section of the hematopoietic system—the section of committed cells or precursors of granulopoiesis (CFUc) immediately went into the logarithmic phase of growth. An exponential increase in the number of CFUs was observed after the 4th day, at the same times as increased proliferation of CFUc and the beginning of restoration of the total number of bone marrow cells. In late radiation chimeras (1 month after irradiation and transplantation) the number of stem cells was 50–70% of its initial value. The remaining hematopoietic parameters were within normal limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799217
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The surface fine structure of the ependymal lining of the lateral ventricle in rats with hereditary hydrocephalus (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lateral ventricle, rat ; Hydrocephalus ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ependyma of the lateral ventricle of rats with hereditary hydrocephalus was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Normal rats from the same litters were used as control animals. The surface morphology of the lateral ventricle of normal rats corresponded to results reported by other authors. The most prominent changes in the surface morphology of the ependyma of the hydrocephalic rats were seen in the cilia. They were shortened, fewer in number and clumped or matted. The surface of the ependymal cells was flattened and contained small, irregular projections. The number of large supraependymal cells, regarded as neurons, appeared to have diminished in the hydrocephalic rats. The number of supraependymal macrophages was greatly increased in these rats, suggesting the existence of an ependymitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278467
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciliary function of the frog oro-pharyngeal epithelium (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated epithelium, frog ; Cilia ; Coordination ; Mucous transport ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The palate epithelium of the frog was examined by scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and high speed cine micrography. The cilia remain stationary for much of the time in the end-of-effective stroke position. Each beat cycle begins with a forwardly-directed recovery stroke lasting about 60 ms, followed by an effective stroke towards the oesophagus lasting about 12 ms. Activity can often be correlated with the presence of mucus, which is carried as strands on the tips of the ciliary effective strokes whilst the recovery strokes move beneath the mucus. Coordination of ciliary activity was very variable; local antiplectic metachrony of the recovery strokes could almost always be seen, and on very active epithelia effective strokes were associated with approximately diaplectic waves (either to left or right), but any particular pattern of coordinated activity was transient and quickly transformed to another pattern. Beating and coordination of these short cilia were compared with those of cilia propelling water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219053
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface morphology of taste buds in catfish barbels (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 375-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Taste buds ; Fishes ; Neuroepithelium ; Microvilli ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary External taste buds abound on barbels of the adult catfish Corydoras arcuatus. When examined by scanning electron microscopy, they are visualized as a series of punctate, conical elevations projecting from the general surface epithelium. All taste buds were found to be of one type. Both their external and internal surface features could be clearly elucidated on intact barbels and in barbels fractured transversely at various positions along their length. An extensive nerve terminal network penetrates the base of each taste bud. Two populations of elongated cells bearing prominent microvilli project through the central pore at the tip of each bud. One set of microvilli is thicker, longer and more club-shaped than its counterpart. While both are randomly distributed within each central pore, the small, short microvilli appear to outnumber the larger ones. A third population of cells, devoid of any apical microvilli, was also seen in some of the taste buds examined internally. These cells do not project to the external surface and are interpreted as “basal” cells described in previous light and transmission electron microscope studies of taste buds in other vertebrate species. The functional significance of some of these morphological findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218701
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascularization of the pars distalis of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, pars distalis ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascularization of the pars distalis of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.), was studied by the traditional method of injecting a mixture of India-ink and gelatine into the circulatory system of the head via the arteria carotis communis. Further, methyl-methacrylate corrosion casts of the brains were made; the hypothalamo-adenohypophysial region of these corrosion casts was studied with the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the portal vessels which arise from the median eminence do not supply distinct areas in the pars distalis as is supposed by the point-to-point-hypothesis. The portal vessels enter the ventro-median region of the pars distalis and branch off into a three-dimensional network of the secondary capillary plexus of the pars distalis. The plexus is made up mostly by four- to six-sided meshes. This angioarchitecture guarantees an optimal supply of the glandular cells of the pars distalis with nutritional factors and releasing hormones, on the one hand, and facilitates the removal of the hormones which are released by these cells, on the other hand. The venous drainage of the pars distalis is exerted mainly by two large veins, which bilaterally leave the dorso-lateral region (venous pole) of the pars distalis and by a few small veins, which drain into the wide, sinus-like vessel, which curves around the dorso-caudal region of the pars distalis and joins bilaterally the vena hypophysea transversa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278459
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scanning electron microscopic survey of the brain ventricular system of the female armadillo (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 531-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ventricles ; Armadillo ; Ependyma ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The scanning electron microscope was used to survey the brain ventricular system of the female armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) with emphasis on the third ventricle. The walls of the lateral ventricles, aqueduct, and fourth ventricle are covered by long cilia. In the lateral ventricle, the cilia are arranged in groups; but in the aqueduct and fourth ventricle, they are evenly placed over the cellular surfaces. The ependymal cells of the third ventricle are densely ciliated except for the organum vasculosum and infundibular recess. The non-ciliated luminal surface of these areas has a pebblestone appearance punctuated by numerous microvilli and two types of supraependymal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225665
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Observations on the marginal ruffles of an established fibroblast-like cell line (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Marginal ruffles ; Fibroblast-like cells ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary LW13K2 cells, a clone of a spontaneously in vitro transformed derivative of embryonic Lewis rat fibroblastic cells, were studied by phase contrast cine-light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ruffles found at the advancing edge of cells grown on glass substrates in vitro form and recede in a period of less than one min if they do not make an attachment of the substrate. If they fail to make an attachment they may form pinocytotic channels near the leading edge as described by Price (1972) and/or collapse, generally backwards, towards the cell body. The ‘spines’ which appear to reinforce the membranous ruffles are the last structures to disappear, and accumulate in an irregular array behind the ruffling edge; this area is behind that in which pinocytosis occurs. In comparison with the sparse numbers of ribosomes found in the trailing edge, they are present in notable concentrations near the leading, ruffling edge of the cell. No membrane vesicles have been found in or near the ruffling edges at the ruffle-spine concentration zone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219798
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  • 20
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    Vascularization of the pars intermedia of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 179 (1977), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, pars intermedia ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascularization of the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) was studied by injection of a mixture of India-ink and gelatine into the circulatory system of the head via the arteria carotis communis. Further methyl-methacrylate corrosion casts of brains were made and the hypophysial region of the corrosion casts was examined with the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the vascularization of the pars intermedia of the toad hypophysis consists of a single-layered vascular network, which is located on the ventral surface of the pars intermedia. The network is formed by capillaries, which primarily run caudally in a fan-like manner and which show only a few cross-connections. In the rostral region of the pars intermedia this network lies rather superficially, while in the caudal region it slightly penetrates the parenchyma. The vascular network originates from vessels of the neural stalk and from wide capillaries of the rostro-ventral region of the neurointermediate junction. The venous drainage of the pars intermedia is exerted by veins, which leave the caudal region and drain into the veins leaving the venous pole of the pars distalis. The fiat, wide meshed vascular net on the ventral side of the pars intermedia, demonstrated in this study, fits into the concept that the pars intermedia of the anuran hypophysis is under the control of nerve fibers coming from the hypothalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278460
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  • 21
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    The human vocal cord surface (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 279-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vocal cord epithelium (Human) ; Microridges ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of the vocal cord from children and adults is analysed with SEM and TEM. Scanning micrographs show that the apical cell membrane is furnished with microvilli and microridges of various patterns. The function of microridges is discussed in relation to the distribution and retention of mucus on the vocal cord.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220671
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  • 22
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    Some morphological observations on osteoclasts (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 185 (1977), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Resorption ; Bone ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts of the peripheral portions of the endocranial aspect of young rat parietal and frontal bones were studied by scanning electron microscopy of glutaraldehyde fixed, critical point dried specimens. These studies show Osteoclasts to have a much more complicated form than has previously been realised. Extensively branching, elongated, smooth-surfaced cells, which are for the most part elevated above the level of the surrounding bone matrix surface and sometimes above portions of osteoblasts or other osteoclasts, were identified as motile non-resorbing cells. Portions of the former and other entire cells may be embowered in Howship's lacunae, have microvilli on their dorsal surface, and are surrounded by a serrated border of microprojections which have an apparently firm attachment to the matrix surface. Osteoclasts in short term culture show additional free surface ruffles which are not encountered in specimens taken fresh from the animal. No evidence of recruitment of osteoblasts or osteocytes into osteoclasts was found. Disinterred osteocytes retained an ability to migrate from their lacunae on to surrounding bone matrix surface.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220298
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    Ultrastructural alterations in ciliary cells exposed to ionizing radiation (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 421-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ciliated cells ; Trachea ; Radiation effects ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early effects of ionizing radiation were investigated in an experimental in vitro system using the ciliary cells of the tracheal mucous membrane of the rabbit, irradiated at 30° C and at more than 90% humidity. The changes in physiological activities of the ciliary cells caused by irradiation were continuously registered during the irradiation. The specimens were examined immediately after irradiation electron microscopically. The morphological changes in irradiated material after 10–70 Gy are compared with normal material. After 40–70 Gy, scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of vesicles on cilia, and club-like protrusions and adhesion of their tips. After 30–70 Gy, a swelling of mitochondrial membranes and cristae was apparent transmission electron microscopically. The membrane alterations caused by irradiation are assumed to disturb the permeability and flow of ATP from the mitochondria, which in turn leads to the recorded changes in the activity of the ciliated cells.
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    The vascularization of the neural stalk and the pars nervosa of the hypophysis in the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (amphibia, anura) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis, neural stalk, pars nervosa ; Bufo bufo (L.) ; Vascularization ; Corrosion casts ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The angioarchitecture of the neural stalk and the encephalo-posthypophysial portal system of the hypophysis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.), was studied using three different methods. The neural stalk is mainly supplied by branches of the arteria infundibularis superficialis which form a widemeshed vascular network. Dorsally this network continues into the plexus of the pars nervosa. The vascularization of the pars nervosa is made up of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal system. This portal system consists of a hypothalamic branch (=portion), a mesencephalic and a mesencephalic-bulbar branch (=portion). The hypothalamic branch was found to drain the pars ventralis of the tuber cinereum as well as more dorsal regions of the diencephalon. The mesencephalic-bulbar trunk enters the hypothalamic branch. The resulting common stem of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal vein then curves around the retroinfundibular communicating artery, crosses its ventral side and runs caudally. The secondary capillary plexus of the pars nervosa is characterized by well defined capillary networks which are located at the periphery of the parenchyma of the pars nervosa, thus forming a rostral, dorsal and ventro-caudal net. The central region of the parenchyma of the pars nervosa is supplied only by main branches of the encephalo-posthypophysial portal vein. The venous drainage of the pars nervosa is via the vena hypophysea transversa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220166
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    Cytotoxic serum against B lymphocytes prepared by immunization with bone marrow cells (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 203-205 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: anti-B serum ; bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By immunization of rabbits with bone marrow cells of intact mice antisera reacting selectively with cells of bone marrow origin are obtained. The method of obtaining anti-B sera by immunizing animals directly with bone marrow cells makes it unnecessary to subject the mice to irradiation or thymectomy, which are necessary when methods described previously are used.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799423
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    Two populations of bone marrow cells creating an ectopic hematopoietic focus (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 218-221 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; heterotopic transplantation ; osteogenic precursor cells ; radiosensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A fragment of bone marrow transplanted beneath the capsule of the kidney creates a focus of ectopic hematopoiesis the size of which, measured according to the number of hematopoietic cells, is proportional to the size of the implant. In irradiated recipients the focus was 1.5–2.5 times larger than in intact recipients. Cells creating a focus of heterotopic hematopoiesis in intact and irradiated recipients differed in their radiosensitivity: their D0 values were about 160 and 350 rad, respectively. In this connection it is postulated that two populations of precursor cells participate in the creation of the focus. Their possible relations with predetermined and inducible osteogenic precursor cells are discussed.
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    Opsonins and erythrophagocytosis (1977)
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1609-1612 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: erythophagocyosis ; opsonins ; bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of the granulocytes and reticulum cells of the rat bone marrow to phagocytose mouse erythrocytes under the influence of opsonins was investigated. Phagocytosis of mouse erythrocytes, both untreated and treated with formaldehyde, was compared. By the use of untreated erythrocytes and uninactivated rat immune serum, moderate phagocytosis was observed, and it was weaker if inactivated serum was used. No phagocytosis was observed with rat immune serum. Conversely, if formaldehyde-treated erythrocytes and these same sera were used, much stronger phagocytosis was observed.
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    Effect of poly-4-vinylpyridine on the number of colony-forming cells in mouse bone marrow and spleen (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 560-563 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: synthetic polymer ; colony-forming units ; bone marrow ; spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Injection of poly-4-vinylpyridine in the maximal tolerated dose into mice doubles the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the bone marrow and reduces the number of nucleated cells by 22%. The increase in the CFU pool takes place from the second through the seventh day. The number of bone marrow cells starts to decrease 2 h after injection of the polymer and remains below the initial level for 5 days; after the second day, however, it starts to return gradually to normal, which it reaches by the seventh day. The number of CFU in the spleen increases ninefold, and this is accompanied by the development of marked splenomegaly on account of the increase in the number of cells.
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    Origin of hematopoietic cells in syngeneic and semisyngeneic foci of heterotopic hematopoiesis (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 693-695 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; heterotopic transplantation ; hematopoietic stem cells ; chromosomal labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Foci of heterotopic hematopoiesis were obtained by transplanting bone marrow of C57BL/6 or (CBAxC57BL)F1 mice beneath the kidney capsule of (CBA/T6T6xC57BL)F1 mice carrying a chromosomal translocation. Cytogenetic analysis of hematopoietic cells from these foci 20–120 days after transplantation showed that only the recipient's hematopoietic cells proliferate in 40% of the grafts, whereas the rest are mosaic and contain on average less than 20% of the donor's cells in both syngeneic and semisyngeneic systems. These characteristics remain stable for at least 4 months. It is concluded that the heterotopic focus is populated in one stage by a very small number (fewer than 10) hematopoietic stem cells. The stability of the clones is evidence that in the dynamic equilibrium of hematopoiesis the exchange of cells between different parts of the hematopoietic system is extremely small or is absent altogether.
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    Localization of mannan at the surface of yeast protoplasts by scanning electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 9-14 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Candida utilis ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Colloidal gold ; Cytochemistry ; Mannan ; Plasma membranes ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The β(1→3)glucanase of Basidiomycete QM 806 was used to prepare Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida utilis protoplasts. Plasma membranes isolated from S. cerevisiae contained a small amount of mannose and traces of glucose and ribose. Randomly distributed α-mannan was detected by scanning electron microscopy at the surface of prefixed protoplasts using colloidal gold labelled with Concanavalin A as a marker. C. utilis protoplasts were also marked with anti-mannan antibodies. Again the distribution of mannan was random. This experiment indicated also that plasma membrane mannan has the same immunochemical determinants as cell wall mannan. It is hypothesized that mannan is mainly located in the outer layer of plasma membranes.
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    Mating in Chlamydomonas eugametos (1976)
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    Archives of microbiology 109 (1976), S. 31-35 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Chlamydomonas ; Cell agglutination ; Cell fusion ; Flagella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A technique has been developed by which mating gametes of Chlamydomonas eugametos can be studied in the Scanning Electron Microscope. A detailed description of the mating process, from the initial flagellar agglutination until the release of free vis-à-vis pairs, is presented. Flagella appear to agglutinate at random points on their surface. This is followed by a rapid increase of the contact area such that they “line-up” tip to tip. Flagella always exhibit a typical position prior to cell fusion. After cell fusion the flagella of a pair separate rapidly while the female have shortened about 33%. In a vis-à-vis pair the plasma bridge has contracted. The observations are interpreted in terms of a specific reorganization of the sexuale aggregate.
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    Scanning electron microscopic studies on the development of the chick retina (1976)
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    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 145-159 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurogenesis ; Retina ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fixed retinae of chick embryos and chicks of the first week after hatching were fractured and examined with the scanning electron microscope. The matrix cells of the retina proliferate up to the beginning of the second week. The migrating cells are oriented in cell cords. This columnar organization prevails up to the development of the plexiform layers formed as a consequence of the outgrowth of the dendritic and axonal cell processes. Special attention was paid to the differentiation of the ganglion, bipolar and receptor cells, and the radial fibers (Müller cells). Two main morphological patterns are significant for the organization of the retina during neurogenesis: a) the cell to cell contacts of migrating cells and b) the spatial arrangement of Müller cells which could provide guidelines for migration of neuronal elements.
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    A combined scanning and transmission electron microscopic study and electron probe microanalysis of human pineal acervuli (1976)
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    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 129-137 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ, human ; Acervuli ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Electron probe microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Untreated, decalcified and trypsinized acervuli from human pineal bodies were studied with the scanning and transmission electron microscope as well as by electron probe microanalysis. The mulberry-like acervuli are composed of a various number of spherical lobes (135–800 μm) between which clustered groups of globuli (4–14 urn in diameter) are observed. The acervular lobes are very probably formed by an aggregation of these globuli. Small round particles 125–500 Å in diameter are observed on the surface of the pineal concretions. These are not influenced by either decalcification or trypsin treatment. The acervular mineral corresponds morphologically to hydroxyapatite. The electron probe microanalysis reveals the existence of calcium and phosphorus as main components of the acervuli. Small quantities of magnesium and strontium were also detected.
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    Morphology, morphometry and electron microscopy of HeLa cells infected with bovine Mycoplasma (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 1-16 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tissue culture cells ; Mycoplasma ; Light microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The host-parasite relationship of HeLa M cells artificially infected with a bovine species of Mycoplasma was studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The use of morphometry to quantitate some of the findings was explored. The parasites were seen in locations extracellular to the cell surface. The detection of small numbers of organisms by light microscopy was well demonstrated by use of the fluorescent antibody technique. Scanning electron microscopy proved to be an excellent method for revealing the surface details of cell-parasite morphology. Ultra-thin sections showed that the parasites are aligned mostly parallel to the plasma membrane of the host cell but separated by a gap of 10 nm. Morphometry indicated an average of 69 organisms per cell surface occupying 1.7% of the surface area. An increase of 26% in diameter of the HeLa cells, possibly as a result of infection, was observed.
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    A scanning electron microscope study of the development of free axonal sprouts at the cut ends of dorsal spinal nerve roots in the rat (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 507-513 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axons ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Neurones, afferent ; Nerve regeneration ; Spinal nerve roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat dorsal spinal nerve roots were cut and the tip on the ganglionic side of the cut was examined by scanning electron microscopy at 0, 7, 20 and 48 h after operation. Seven hours after cutting, free axonal sprouts had started to protrude from the cut end of the nerve. After 20 h the free sprouts were more profuse than at 7 h but were smaller and had a rougher surface. At both 7 and 20 h many of the sprouts consisted of a stalk 2–7 μm in diameter with a bulbous end 5–20 μm in diameter. A few branching sprouts were seen. At 48 h the sprouts were shrunken with a deeply furrowed surface. The significance of the surface structure of the sprouts is discussed.
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    Effects of castration and androgen-substitution on the morphology of the epididymal epithelium of the Japanese monkey, Macacus fuscatus, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 170 (1976), S. 515-521 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymal epithelium ; Castration ; Androgen-substitution ; Japanese monkey ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The caput epididymidis from castrated and androgen-supplemented, castrated Japanese monkeys was observed with the scanning electron microscope. The experimental findings were compared with the normal structures in control animals. The epididymal lumen of control animals was lined by a tall, pseudostratified columnar epithelium possessing long, slender stereocilia which were densely arranged in a tuft-like form. After castration, the epididymal epithelium was decreased in height to one-fifth of controls. The stereocilia were also considerably reduced in length and in number, resulting in a flattened epithelial surface with polygonal boundaries. Frequent projection of a long, single cilium from an epithelial cell into the lumen was also a prominent feature in the epididymal ducts of the castrated animals. Administration of testosterone to the castrated animals resulted in almost complete recovery of the epididymal epithelium as well as regeneration of the stereocilia which regained a tuft-like arrangement.
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    The aesthetes of chitons (1976)
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    Cell & tissue research 172 (1976), S. 379-388 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chitons ; Receptors ; Shell surface ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The shells of the chitons Lepidochitona cinereus, Sypharochiton pelliserpentis, Amaurochiton glaucus and Onithochiton neglectus were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In all species the surface terminations of the megalaesthete and micraesthete organs could be identified lying flush with the shell surface, as well as, lenses of the shell eyes in O. neglectus. Periostracal debris and encrusting diatoms were a usual feature of the shell surfaces. The micraesthete subsidiary caps normally appear featureless, but the megalaesthete apical caps sometimes appear to be perforated. The reasons for this perforate appearance are discussed and it is concluded that it provides no evidence for the normal passage of substances out of or into the megalaesthete.
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    Scanning electron microscopy of bone cells in culture (1976)
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    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 65-70 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen ; Bone ; Cell culture ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Embryonic and young rat bone cells have been grown in culture and examined in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared with cells fixed in situ and taken directly from the animal, the cultured osteoblastic cells were smoother, flatter and more extensive and showed tighter intercellular contacts. Some matrix is formed in culture and undergoes at least partial mineralization as judged by the accumulation of Ca and P measured by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Findings concerning the morphology of the collagen arrangement were indecisive. Some superficial cells, free of surrounding matrix, resembled osteocytes in normal in vivo bone. This may indicate that a proportion of the extracellular matrix produced by the cultured cells failed to polymerise into recognizable bone matrix, and that osteocytic morphology is not dependent upon the physical characteristics of the bone matrix.
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    Interaction of rabbit sperm and egg (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 277-287 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit gametes ; Cryofractography ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Zona pellucida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rabbit ova fertilized in vitro were prepared for scanning electron microscopy by ethanol-cryofracturing and critical-point drying methods and were also embedded and sectioned for transmission electron microscopy. Study of a region of interaction between sperm and zona pellucida with scanning electron microscopy reveals the latter to be composed of a complex network of fibers interspersed with numerous pores. Transmission electron microscopy of the same region reveals a “typical” homogeneous composition of the zona pellucida. Ultrastructural observations of thin sections passing through the region of sperm-egg interactions or through other regions of the ovum or its investments reveals very little methodological distortion of the various intracellular organelles or matrix. Application of the procedures described provides not only an elucidation of surface detail but also reveals intracellular cytoplasmic information about the same specimen during in vitro fertilization.
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    Experimental study of changes in osteoblastic shape induced by calcitonin and parathyroid extract in an organ culture system (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 169 (1976), S. 449-465 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteoblasts ; Cell surface ; Cell shape ; Calcitonin ; Parathyroid extract ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neonate rat endocranial osteoblasts were cultured on their bone surfaces in control medium (CC) or medium to which either parathyroid extract (PTE) or calcitonin (CT) had been added for 2, 4, 8 or 24 h. Some were cultured for 24 h in CC, then for 2, 4, 8 or 24 h in either CT or PTE medium; or for 24 h in PTE, then for 2, 4, 8 or 24 h in either CC or CT; or 24 h in CT and 2, 4, 8 or 24 h in CC. The dorsal ruffling of the cells in CC was found to be suppressed by later culturing with PTE and the disoriented cells reorganized to form arrays of parallel cells. The effects of PTE were also reversed by CC or CT: the osteoblasts in the second culture (CC) lost elongation and order, and proceeded through a proliferative phase before exhibiting the ruffling form similar to a single CC 24 h culture. PTE-cultured osteoblasts showed an increase in cell overlap and contact so that a more competent barrier was formed separating the bone from the medium. In control or CT medium, however, intercellular gaps were greater than in vivo.
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    A critical reevaluation of the structure of the rat uriniferous tubule as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 91-100 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney (rat) ; Uriniferous tubule ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of luminal surface of clearly identified portions of uriniferous tubules has been studied by scanning electron microscopy to elucidate some controversies concerning the topography of certain surface formations. The results show a characteristic pattern of the luminal surface in the region of Henle's loop, which was assumed by previous authors, to belong to the collecting tubule. Furthermore it is demonstrated that no cilia are present within the terminal portion of the collecting tubules.
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    Aggregation-induced alterations in fibroblast morphology (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 174 (1976), S. 499-518 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fibroblast ; Human ; Transmission electron microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The different stages during aggregation of diploid human skin fibroblasts have been examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. As a result of aggregation, fibroblasts form a complex tissue configuration. Numerous intercellular junctions can be observed, while the cells remain polygonal and do not develop an organised intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell division occurs only rarely. After aggregation, signs of progressive auto-digestion develop. Adhesion to a substrate results in outgrowth of the cells and monolayer formation, even when extensive cell damage had occurred. The morphology of fibroblasts in aggregates and in the monolayers, from which they were derived, is compared and the contribution of the aggregate system to the study of fibroblast behavior is discussed.
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    Scanning electron microscopy of the glomerular filtration membrane in the rat kidney (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 166 (1976), S. 299-314 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Renal glomerulus (Rat) ; Endothelial cells ; Blood capillaries ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rat kidney was perfused with saline and glutaraldehyde, treated with Murakami's tannin-osmium impregnation method, ethanol-freeze cracked and dried by the critical point method. Gold-palladium evaporated specimens were observed in a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The glomerular filtration membrane, fractured in different planes was observed with the following results: 1. Adjacent pedicles originate from different podocytes. No interpedicular bridges of apparent cytoplasmic nature could be found. 2. The basement membrane, in grazing fractures shows a horizontally layered architecture. 3. The attenuated endothelial sheet (lamina fenestrata) is divided into compartments, which we suggest should be called “areolae fenestratae”, by cytoplasmic crests radiating from the nucleated portion of the endothelial cell. A crest also occurs along the cell margin, which contacts a similar crest at the margin of the adjacent cell. 4. The pores in the areolae fenestratae are variable in size (30−150 nm diameter). A knob-like projection from the apparently naked basement membrane is found in a portion of the pores. 5. Numerous microvilli may occur on the endothelium. Some of them anastomose and fuse with one another to form a net whose meshes appear identical with the endothelial pores. Domes and shelves formed of a fenestrated cytoplasmic sheet also occur above the ordinary level of the endothelial lining. A hypothesis implicating microvilli in partial renewal of the endothelial sheet is proposed. This study was assisted by Mr. K. Adachi of the SEM Laboratory at the Niigata University School of Medicine.
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    Surface morphology of lens fibers from eyes of normal and microphthalmic (Browman) rats (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 167 (1976), S. 425-438 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Crystalline lens ; Microphthalmos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface features of cortical fibers from lenses of normal adult rats and microphthalmic rats of the Browman strain have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. In the normal lenses, superficial cortical fibers follow a straight course from inner to outer pole whereas the deeper cortical fibers, while straight near the poles, pursue an undulating or zig-zag course at and near the equator. Almost all of the fibers are hexagonal in cross section and all fibers throughout their entire length are bound by interdigitating processes at each corner of the hexagon to corners of two adjacent fibers. Some fibers are also affixed by a single row of ball and socket junctions located on their broad outer and inner surfaces. Lens fibers from Browman rats display both minor and major abnormalities. These included segmentation, formation of incisures and lateral protrusions, corrugation and villous-like alteration of the broad fiber surface and development of parallel ridges on broad surfaces in a basket-weave pattern.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215175
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    Scanning electron microscopy of photoreceptor cells in the light- and dark-adapted retina of Haplochromis burtoni (Cichlidae, Teleostei) (1976)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 175 (1976), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retina ; Haplochromis burtoni ; Photoreceptor cells ; Light-adaption, dark-adaption ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The photoreceptor layer in the retina of Haplochromis burtoni (Cichlidae, Teleostei) was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Three types of receptors were identified: rods, single-cones and double-cones. The three-dimensional arrangement of these photoreceptors is described in the light- and dark-adapted retina. The surface of the inner segment of the photoreceptor cells displays fine vertical fissures which give rise to slender processes. These so called calycal processes which are of different lengths in rods and cones, surround the beginning of the smooth-surfaced outer segment. The myoid, the contractile part of the receptor, which is located beneath the ellipsoid, was examined in the single-cones of the dark-adapted retina. It is a slender structure with surface infoldings. The myoid, studied by transmission electron microscopy, contains bundles of parallel myofilaments, which are thought to be contractile.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220828
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    Cloning of canine hematopoietic cells in vitro (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 588-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: precursors of granulocytes and macrophages ; bone marrow ; colony-stimulating factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Culture of canine hematopoietic cells in agar by a method enabling the number of committed precursor cells of granulocytopoiesis and of humoral factors causing their proliferation to be determined, is described. Canine serum in a concentration of 20% was used as the source of colony-stimulating activity. A linear relationship was established between the number of explanted cells and the number of colonies developing within the range of 0.25·105 and 8·105 cells/ml.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00797577
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    Proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells During hypokinesia (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 630-632 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: hematopoietic stem cells ; hypokinesia ; bone marrow ; spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Expgenous cloning of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow and spleen in the femur and spleen of recipient mice showed that during hypokinesia the kinetics of the stem cell population differs in the two organs (spleen and bone marrow). The character of differentiation of the transplantation stem cells from the different sources was undisturbed in the recipients' spleen. Bone marrow stem cells, settling in the femur, changed their character of differentiation toward an increase in erythropoietic function, whereas the direction of differentiation of the splenic stem cells was unchanged.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00797589
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    Diurnal rhythm of mitotic activity, DNA synthesis, and duration of mitoses in mouse bone marrow cells (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 741-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitotic index ; DNA synthesis ; diurnal rhythm ; bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cells of the myeloid and erythroid series of mouse bone marrow are characterized by a well-defined diurnal rhythm of mitotic activity and of DNA synthesis, with coincidence between the times of maxima of the number of mitoses and of DNA-synthesizing cells (in the afternoon and night) and of their minima (in the morning and evening). The increase in mitotic activity is connected with the entry of large numbers of cells into mitosis and not with an increase in the duration of mitosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00797150
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    Changes in the number of stem cells during cultivation of mouse bone marrow on a bed of fibroblast-like cells (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 892-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; hematopoietic stem cell ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The number of colonies was counted in the spleen of irradiated mice after injection of a culture of mouse bone marrow cells. The colony-forming units were found to persist in the culture only for a short time. The use of a previously grown bed of fibroblasts of bone-marrow origin did not affect the preservation of the colony-forming units or the dynamics of the change in their number.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00803014
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    Distribution of colony-forming cells in the bone marrow and spleen of irradiated mice (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1028-1030 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: fractionf ; bone marrow ; spleen ; stem cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two hours after transplantation of 2×105 bone marrow cells, 1.7–2.8% and 14–16% of colonyforming units (CFU) were retained respectively in the femoral bone marrow and spleen of the recipients. After 24 h, 1–2% and 21–26% of CFU respectively remained in these organs. If 2.5×106–1.7×107 bone marrow cells were transplanted, the fractionf in the bone marrow and spleen of the recipients (under saturation conditions) was unchanged during the 24-h period. The value for CFU settling in the spleen was 20–22%, whereas for CFU settling in the femoral marrow the value off was 2.4–2.7%. It is postulated that the same number of CFU settles in the whole volume of the bone marrow as in the whole spleen. The total number of CFU settling in the spleen and in the whole volume of the bone marrow averages 40–50%. The fate of the remaining CFU is unknown.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789861
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    Effect of exogenous DNA on content and biosynthesis of endogenous DNA in rat bone marrow (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1186-1187 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Exogenous DNA ; bone marrow ; rate of DNA biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of exogenous DNA on the content and rate of biosynthesis of endogenous DNA in rat bone marrow was studied. After injection of high-polymer homologous DNA into intact rats the endogenous DNA content per gram bone marrow was found to be reduced for the first 3 days (the decrease was most marked after 3 days, namely by 36%) and it returned to normal by the 6th day. The rate of DNA biosynthesis in rat bone marrow was increased after 18 h (when it was twice as high as in the control) and after 6 days (by 58%), and it was close to normal again 1–3 days after injection of DNA.
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    Suppression of interferon synthesis during the graft versus host reaction in (CBA×C57BL/6) F1 mice (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1375-1377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: graft versus host reaction ; bone marrow ; interferon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the development of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR) in (CBA×C57BL/6) F1 mice after transplantation of spleen cells from mice of the parental C57BL/6 strain, production of serum interferon induced by intraperitoneal injection of Newcastle disease virus was sharply reduced. Interferon production was reduced and later completely abolished in cultures of bone marrow cells from mice during development of the GVHR. This phenomenon can serve as a criterion of the development of the GVHR.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799481
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    Isolation of cells most actively synthesizing DNA from hematopoietic organs by fractionation in an albumin density gradient (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1673-1676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: DNA biosynthesis ; DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase ; aspartate-carbamoyl transferase ; bone marrow ; spleen ; fractionation ; bovine serum albumin gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fractionation of suspensions of rat bone marrow or spleen cells yielded fractions in which activity of DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase and aspartate-carbamoyl transferase and incorporation of14C-thymidine were two or three times greater than in the initial suspension. Depending on the osmotic concentration of the original 35% solution of bovine serum albumin, the cells synthesizing DNA most actively were concentrated in fractions Nos. 5–6 (370 milliosmoles) or Nos. 2–3 (380 milliosmoles).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00790382
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    Proliferative activity of clonogenic bone marrow stromal precursor cells (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 67-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; monolayer culture ; proliferation ; stromal precursors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The proliferative activity of precursors of bone marrow stromal cells forming colonies (clones of fibroblasts) in monolayer cultures was studied by the thymidine-suicide method in vitro. Clonogenic cells of native bone marrow were shown not to be inhibited by thymidine-H3 with high specific activity, i.e., they virtually do not proliferate in vivo. Having started to proliferate 24 h after explantation, they then give rise to colonies of fibroblasts. In 6–14-day bone marrow cultures 39±4% of clonogenic cells die under the influence of thymidine-H3. Hence it follows that, unlike precursor cells in native bone marrow, clonogenic cells in primary cultures proliferate actively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00800170
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    Effect of mechanical injury to bone marrow in irradiated mice on dispersion of endogenous colony-forming units (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 88-89 
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mice ; irradiation ; bone marrow ; colony-forming units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The femur was fractured in mice irradiated in a dose of 600 R and the fragments united by a metal pin. Under these conditions, when part of the bone marrow was destroyed, the number of endogenous colonies in the spleen was increased.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00800177
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    Radiosensitivity and direction of differentiation of colony-forming cells in the spleen (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 92-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: spleen ; bone marrow ; colony-forming units ; radiosensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The radiosensitivity of splenic colony-forming units (CFUs) settling in the bone marrow and spleen does not differ significantly. The value of D0 for CFUs forming colonies in the spleen varies between 105 and 120 R. D0 for CFUs forming colonies in bone marrow is 120–135 R. It is postulated that two fractions for CFUs are represented in bone marrow, one radiosensitive, the other radioresistant. In the spleen mainly the radiosensitive fraction of CFUs is found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00800179
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    Relations between hematopoiesis and osteogenesis in some species of rodents (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 259-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: bone marrow ; extramedullary transplantation ; xenogeneic grafts ; osteogenesis ; hematopoiesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Different relations between hematopoiesis and osteogenesis were observed in bone marrow grafts from rats, guinea pigs, and striped hairy-footed hamsters, transplanted beneath the renal capsule of irradiated mice. Active osteogenesis took place in grafts from rats and guinea pigs whereas hematopoiesis was observed irregularly (rats) or it ceased to occur (guinea pigs). In grafts from the hamsters, on the other hand, intensive hematopoiesis was maintained but the osteogenic properties of the stroma were weak. In some species the presence of bone tissue is considered to be not strictly essential for the normal maintenance of myeloid hematopoiesis whereas in others the initial development of a bony stroma is an essential condition for subsequent functioning of the hematopoietic tissue.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00801090
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    Use of autologous bone marrow taken from a shielded area at various times after irradiation (1976)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1855-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: irradiation ; shielding ; autografting ; bone marrow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Shielding the leg saves the life of 32% of animals irradiated with x rays in an absolutely lethal dose (850 R). Autografting of bone marrow from the protected area, if carried out immediately after irradiation, greatly increases the shielding effect. This protective action on autografting continues if it is carried out during the first 5 days after irradiation. Later (on the 7th to 10 th day after irradiation) autografting of bone marrow from the shielded area becomes less effective.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00785718
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