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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 45-53 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 91-106 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Summary Let ℱ be the first order theory of diagonalizable algebras. We define a bijection ϕ from the atomic formulas of ℱ (identities) to the open formulas of ℱ. ϕ is an algebraic analogous of ≒. We prove that ϕ, ϕ-1 preserve the validity.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 377-385 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 433-445 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 191-201 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 213-217 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper can be treated as a simplification of the Gentzen formalization of SCI-tautologies presented by A. Michaels in [1].
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 279-283 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 273-278 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 323-326 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 240-240 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 257-269 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 247-248 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 285-299 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 237-237 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 241-244 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 271-283 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 407-426 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 19-43 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The class Matr(C) of all matrices for a prepositional logic (ℒ, C) is investigated. The paper contains general results with no special reference to particular logics. The main theorem (Th. (5.1)) which gives the algebraic characterization of the class Matr(C) states the following. Assume C to be the consequence operation on a prepositional language induced by a class K of matrices. Let m be a regular cardinal not less than the cardinality of C. Then Matr (C) is the least class of matrices containing K and closed under m-reduced products, submatrices, matrix homomorphisms, and matrix homomorphic counter-images.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 99-99 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 125-141 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In the modal literature various notions of “completeness” have been studied for normal modal logics. Four of these are defined here, viz. (plain) completeness, first-order completeness, canonicity and possession of the finite model property — and their connections are studied. Up to one important exception, all possible inclusion relations are either proved or disproved. Hopefully, this helps to establish some order in the jungle of concepts concerning modal logics. In the course of the exposition, the interesting properties of first-order definability and preservation under ultrafilter extensions are introduced and studied as well.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 237-243 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract G is the result of adjoining the schema □ (□qA→A)→□qA to K; the axioms of G* are the theorems of G and the instances of the schema □qA→A and the sole rule of G* is modus ponens. A sentence is ω-provable if it is provable in P(eano) A(rithmetic) by one application of the ω-rule; equivalently, if its negation is ω-inconsistent in PA. Let ω-Bew(x) be the natural formalization of the notion of ω-provability. For any modal sentence A and function ϕ mapping sentence letters to sentences of PA, inductively define A ωϕ by: p ωϕ = ϕ(p) (p a sentence letter); ⊥ωϕ= ⊥; (A→B)suωϕ}= (A ωϕ→Bωϕ); and (□qA)ωϕ= ω-Bew(⌜A ωϕ⌝)(⌜S⌝) is the numeral for the Gödel number of the sentence S). Then, applying techniques of Solovay (Israel Journal of Mathematics 25, pp. 287–304), we prove that for every modal sentence A,⊢ G A iff for all ϕ, ⊢ PA A ωϕ; and for every modal sentence A, ⊢ G* A iff for all ϕ, A ωϕ is true.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 297-310 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Model-theoretic methods are used to extend Craig's Interpolation Theorem to the loop-free portion of Pratt's dynamic logic of programs with simple assignments.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Using ideas from Murskii [3], Tokarz [4] and Wroński [7] we construct some strongly finite consequence operation having 2%0 standard strengthenings. In this way we give the affirmative answer to the following question, stated in Tokarz [4]: are there strongly finite logics with the degree of maximality greater than ℵ0?
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 415-423 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract LetN. be the set of all natural numbers (except zero), and letD n * = {k ∈N ∶k|n} ∪ {0} wherek¦n if and only ifn=k.x f or somex∈N. Then, an ordered setD n * = 〈D n * , ⩽ n , wherex⩽ ny iffx¦y for anyx, y∈D n * , can easily be seen to be a pseudo-boolean algebra. In [5], V.A. Jankov has proved that the class of algebras {D n * ∶n∈B}, whereB =,{k ∈N∶ ⌉ $$\mathop \exists \limits_{n \in N} $$ (n 〉 1 ≧n 2 k)is finitely axiomatizable. The present paper aims at showing that the class of all algebras {D n * ∶n∈B} is also finitely axiomatizable. First, we prove that an intermediate logic defined as follows: $$LD = Cn(INT \cup \{ p_3 \vee [p_3 \to (p_1 \to p_2 ) \vee (p_2 \to p_1 )]\} )$$ finitely approximatizable. Then, defining, after Kripke, a model as a non-empty ordered setH = 〈K, ⩽〉, and making use of the set of formulas true in this model, we show that any finite strongly compact pseudo-boolean algebra ℬ is identical with. the set of formulas true in the Kripke modelH B = 〈P(ℬ), ⊂〉 (whereP(ℬ) stands for the family of all prime filters in the algebra ℬ). Furthermore, the concept of a structure of divisors is defined, and the structure is shown to beH D n * = 〈P (D n * ), ⊂〉for anyn∈N. Finally, it is proved that for any strongly compact pseudo-boolean algebraU satisfying the axiomp 3∨ [p 3→(p1→p2)∨(p2→p1)] there is a structure of divisorsD * n such that it is possible to define a strong homomorphism froomiH D n * ontoH D U . Exploiting, among others, this property, it turns out to be relatively easy to show that $$LD = \mathop \cap \limits_{n \in N} E(\mathfrak{D}_n^* )$$ .
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  • 30
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 139-158 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We introduce here and investigate the notion of an alternative tree of decomposition. We show (Theorem 5) a general method of finding out all non-alternative trees of the alternative tree determined by a diagram of decomposition.
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  • 31
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 197-221 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We study a modal system ¯T, that extends the classical (prepositional) modal system T and whose language is provided with modal operators M inn (nεN) to be interpreted, in the usual kripkean semantics, as “there are more than n accessible worlds such that...”. We find reasonable axioms for ¯T and we prove for it completeness, compactness and decidability theorems.
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  • 32
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 265-283 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract With each sentential logic C, identified with a structural consequence operation in a sentential language, the class Matr * (C) of factorial matrices which validate C is associated. The paper, which is a continuation of [2], concerns the connection between the purely syntactic property imposed on C, referred to as Maehara Interpolation Property (MIP), and three diagrammatic properties of the class Matr* (C): the Amalgamation Property (AP), the (deductive) Filter Extension Property (FEP) and Injections Transferable (IT). The main theorem of the paper (Theorem 2.2) is analogous to the Wroński's result for equational classes of algebras [13]. It reads that for a large class of logics the conjunction of (AP) and (FEP) is equivalent to (IT) and that the latter property is equivalent to (MIP).
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  • 33
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 321-351 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The aim of the article is to outline the historical background and the present state of the methodology of deductive systems invented by Alfred Tarski in the thirties. Key notions of Tarski's methodology are presented and discussed through, the recent development of the original concepts and ideas.
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  • 34
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 405-422 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is concerned with formal aspects of the logic of theory change, and in particular with the process of shrinking or contracting a theory to eliminate a proposition. It continues work in the area by the authors and Peter Gärdenfors. The paper defines a notion of “safe contraction” of a set of propositions, shows that it satisfies the Gärdenfors postulates for contraction and thus can be represented as a partial meet contraction, and studies its properties both in general and under various natural constraints.
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  • 35
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 165-186 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract By the term ‘nominalization’ I mean any process which transforms a predicate or predicate phrase into a noun or noun phrase, e.g. ‘feminine’ is transformed into ‘feminity’. I call these derivative nouns abstract singular terms. Our aim is to provide a model-theoretic interpretation for a formal language which admits the occurrence of such abstract singular terms.
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  • 36
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 87-89 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We make use of a Theorem of Burris-McKenzie to prove that the only decidable variety of diagonalizable algebras is that defined by ‘τ0=1’. Any variety containing an algebra in which τ0≠1 is hereditarily undecidable. Moreover, any variety of intuitionistic diagonalizable algebras is undecidable.
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  • 37
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 109-124 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is a continuation of investigations on Galois connections from [1], [3], [10]. It is a continuation of [2]. We have shown many results that link properties of a given closure space with that of the dual space. For example: for every ω-disjunctive closure space X the dual closure space is topological iff the base of X generated by this dual space consists of the ω-prime sets in X (Theorem 2). Moreover the characterizations of the satisfiability relation for classical logic are shown. Roughly speaking our main result here is the following: a satisfiability relation in a logic L with, a countable language is a fragment of the classical one iff the compactness theorem for L holds (Theorems 3–8).
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  • 38
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, a semantics for predicate logics without the contraction rule will be investigated and the completeness theorem will be proved. Moreover, it will be found out that our semantics has a close connection with Beth-type semantics.
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  • 39
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 237-256 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract For a complete Heyting lattice ℒ, we define a category Etale (ℒ). We show that the category Etale (ℒ) is equivalent to the category of the sheaves over ℒ, Sh(ℒ), hence also with ℒ-valued sets, see [2], [1]. The category Etale(ℒ) is a generalization of the category Etale (X), see [1], where X is a topological space.
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  • 40
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 423-437 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract A foundational algebra ( $$\mathfrak{B}$$ , f, λ) consists of a hemimorphism f on a Boolean algebra $$\mathfrak{B}$$ with a greatest solution λ to the condition α⩽f(x). The quasi-variety of foundational algebras has a decidable equational theory, and generates the same variety as the complex algebras of structures (X, R), where f is given by R-images and λ is the non-wellfounded part of binary relation R. The corresponding results hold for algebras satisfying λ=0, with respect to complex algebras of wellfounded binary relations. These algebras, however, generate the variety of all ( $$\mathfrak{B}$$ ,f) with f a hemimorphism on $$\mathfrak{B}$$ ). Admitting a second hemimorphism corresponding to the transitive closure of R allows foundational algebras to be equationally defined, in a way that gives a refined analysis of the notion of diagonalisable algebra.
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  • 41
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 446-446 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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  • 42
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 121-135 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In the paper all countable Boolean algebras with m distinguished. ideals having countably-categorical elementary theory are described and constructed. From the obtained characterization it follows that all countably-categorical elementary theories of Boolean algebras with distinguished ideals are finite-axiomatizable, decidable and, consequently, their countable models are strongly constructivizable.
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  • 43
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 87-109 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is an attempt to develop the many-valued first-order fuzzy logic. The set of its truth, values is supposed to be either a finite chain or the interval 〈0, 1〉 of reals. These are special cases of a residuated lattice 〈L, ∨, ∧, ⊗, →, 1, 0〉. It has been previously proved that the fuzzy propositional logic based on the same sets of truth values is semantically complete. In this paper the syntax and semantics of the first-order fuzzy logic is developed. Except for the basic connectives and quantifiers, its language may contain also additional n-ary connectives and quantifiers. Many propositions analogous to those in the classical logic are proved. The notion of the fuzzy theory in the first-order fuzzy logic is introduced and its canonical model is constructed. Finally, the extensions of Gödel's completeness theorems are proved which confirm that the first-order fuzzy logic is also semantically complete.
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 149-160 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, semi-Post algebras are introduced and investigated. The generalized Post algebras are subcases of semi-Post algebras. The so called primitive Post constants constitute an arbitrary partially ordered set, not necessarily connected as in the case of the generalized Post algebras examined in [3]. By this generalization, semi-Post products can be defined. It is also shown that the class of all semi-Post algebras is closed under these products and that every semi-Post algebra is a semi-Post product of some generalized Post algebras.
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  • 45
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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  • 46
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that the implicational fragment of Anderson and Belnap's R, i.e. Church's weak implicational calculus, is not uniquely characterized by MP (modus ponens), US (uniform substitution), and WDT (Church's weak deduction theorem). It is also shown that no unique logic is characterized by these, but that the addition of further rules results in the implicational fragment of R. A similar result for E is mentioned.
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  • 47
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 265-274 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We show that the class of all isomorphic images of Boolean Products of members of SR [1] is the class of all archimedean W-algebras. We obtain this result from the characterization of W-algebras which are isomorphic images of Boolean Products of CW-algebras.
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  • 48
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 279-282 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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  • 49
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 113-120 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In the paper A. I. Malcev's problem on the characterization of axioms for classes with strong homomorphisms is being solved.
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  • 50
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 343-345 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Using the semantic embedding technique the theorem announced by the title is proved.
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 187-192 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The modal completeness proofs of Guaspari and Solovay (1979) for their systems R and R − are improved and the relationship between R and R − is clarified.
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  • 52
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 275-278 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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  • 53
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 291-309 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract A logic with normal modal operators and countable infinite conjunctions and disjunctions is introduced. A Hilbert's style axiomatization is proved complete for this logic, as well as for countable sublogics and subtheories. It is also shown that the logic has the interpolation property.
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  • 54
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 321-327 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this note is to formulate some weaker versions of the so called Ramsey test that do not entail the following unacceptable consequence If A and C are already accepted in K, then “if A, then C” is also accepted in K. and to show that these versions still lead to the same triviality result when combined with a preservation criterion.
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  • 55
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 371-382 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We introduce subsystems WLJ and SI of the intuitionistic propositional logic LJ, by weakening the intuitionistic implication. These systems are justifiable by purely constructive semantics. Then the intuitionistic implication with full strength is definable in the second order versions of these systems. We give a relationship between SI and a weak modal system WM. In Appendix the Kripke-type model theory for WM is given.
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  • 56
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 383-393 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We present a class of normal modal calculi PFD, whose syntax is endowed with operators M r (and their dual ones, L r), one for each r ε [0,1]: if a is α sentence, M rα is to he read “the probability that a is true is strictly greater than r” and to he evaluated as true or false in every world of a F-restricted probabilistic kripkean model. Every such a model is a kripkean model, enriched by a family of regular (see below) probability evaluations with range in a fixed finite subset F of [0,1]: there is one such a function for every world w, P F(w,-), and this allows to evaluate M ra as true in the world w iff p F(w, α) 〉 r. For every fixed F as before, suitable axioms and rules are displayed, so that the resulting system P FD is complete and compact with respect to the class of all the F-restricted probabilistic kripkean models.
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  • 57
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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  • 58
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 129-137 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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  • 59
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 391-410 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Our purpose is to formulate a complete logic of propositions that takes into account the fact that propositions are both senses provided with truth values and contents of conceptual thoughts. In our formalization, propositions are more complex entities than simple functions from possible worlds into truth values. They have a structure of constituents (a content) in addition to truth conditions. The formalization is adequate for the purposes of the logic of speech acts. It imposes a stronger criterion of propositional identity than strict equivalence. Two propositions P and Q are identical if and only if, for any illocutionary force F, it is not possible to perform with success a speech act of the form F(P) without also performing with success a speech act of the form F(Q). Unlike hyperintensional logic, our logic of propositions is compatible with the classical Boolean laws of propositional identity such as the symmetry and the associativity of conjunction and the reduction of double negation.
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 63-87 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We continue a series of papers on a family of many-valued modal logics, a family whose Kripke semantics involves many-valued accessibility relations. Earlier papers in the series presented a motivation in terms of a multiple-expert semantics. They also proved completeness of sequent calculus formulations for the logics, formulations using a cut rule in an essential way. In this paper a novel cut-free tableau formulation is presented, and its completeness is proved.
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 113-127 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Chang's MV algebras are the algebras of the infinite-valued sentential calculus of Łukasiewicz. We introduce finitely additive measures (called states) on MV algebras with the intent of capturing the notion of ‘average degree of truth’ of a proposition. Since Boolean algebras coincide with idempotent MV algebras, states yield a generalization of finitely additive measures. Since MV algebras stand to Boolean algebras as AFC*-algebras stand to commutative AFC*-algebras, states are naturally related to noncommutativeC*-algebraic measures.
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  • 62
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 259-271 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Schlagwort(e): Primary 03B45, 06E25 ; Secondary 18C10
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We show that (contrary to the parallel case of intuitionistic logic, see [7], [4]) there does not exist a translation fromS42 (the propositional modal systemS4 enriched with propositional quantifiers) intoS4 that preserves provability and reduces to identity for Boolean connectives and □.
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  • 63
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 421-448 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The main result is that is no effective algorithmic answer to the question:how to recognize whether arbitrary modal formula has a first-order equivalent on the class of finite frames. Besides, two known problems are solved: it is proved algorithmic undecidability of finite frame consequence between modal formulas; the difference between global and local variants of first-order definability of modal formulas on the class of transitive frames is shown.
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 99-112 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we find an algebraic equivalent of the Hallden property in modal logics, namely, we prove that the Hallden-completeness in any normal modal logic is equivalent to the so-called super-embedding property of a suitable class of modal algebras. The joint embedding property of a class of algebras is equivalent to the Pseudo-Relevance Property. We consider connections of the above-mentioned properties with interpolation and amalgamation. Also an algebraic equivalent of of the principle of variable separation in superintuitionistic logics will be found.
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 129-179 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Theabstract variable binding calculus (VB-calculus) provides a formal frame-work encompassing such diverse variable-binding phenomena as lambda abstraction, Riemann integration, existential and universal quantification (in both classical and nonclassical logic), and various notions of generalized quantification that have been studied in abstract model theory. All axioms of the VB-calculus are in the form of equations, but like the lambda calculus it is not a true equational theory since substitution of terms for variables is restricted. A similar problem with the standard formalism of the first-order predicate logic led to the development of the theory of cylindric and polyadic Boolean algebras. We take the same course here and introduce the variety of polyadic VB-algebras as a pure equational form of the VB-calculus. In one of the main results of the paper we show that every locally finite polyadic VB-algebra of infinite dimension is isomorphic to a functional polyadic VB-algebra that is obtained from a model of the VB-calculus by a natural coordinatization process. This theorem is a generalization of the functional representation theorem for polyadic Boolean algebras given by P. Halmos. As an application of this theorem we present a strong completeness theorem for the VB-calculus. More precisely, we prove that, for every VB-theory T that is obtained by adjoining new equations to the axioms of the VB-calculus, there exists a model D such that ⊢T s=t iff ⊨D s=t. This result specializes to a completeness theorem for a number of familiar systems that can be formalized as VB-calculi. For example, the lambda calculus, the classical first-order predicate calculus, the theory of the generalized quantifierexists uncountably many and a fragment of Riemann integration.
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 301-317 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We give a set of postulates for the minimal normal modal logicK + without negation or any kind of implication. The connectives are simply ∧, ∨, □, ◊. The postulates (and theorems) are all deducibility statements ϕ ⊢ ψ. The only postulates that might not be obvious are $$\diamondsuit \varphi \wedge \square \psi \vdash \diamondsuit (\varphi \wedge \psi )\square (\varphi \vee \psi ) \vdash \square \varphi \vee \diamondsuit \psi $$ . It is shown thatK + is complete with respect to the usual Kripke-style semantics. The proof is by way of a Henkin-style construction, with “possible worlds” being taken to be prime theories. The construction has the somewhat unusual feature of using at an intermediate stage disjoint pairs consisting of a theory and a “counter-theory”, the counter-theory replacing the role of negation in the standard construction. Extension to other modal logics is discussed, as well as a representation theorem for the corresponding modal algebras. We also discuss proof-theoretic arguments.
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 55-70 
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    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 127-138 
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 139-162 
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 17-44 
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 203-211 
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 243-247 
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 351-362 
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 323-349 
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    Studia logica 36 (1977), S. 301-307 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
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    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is a reaction to G. Küng's and J. T. Canty's ‘Substitutional Quantification and Leśniewskian quantifiers'Theoria 36 (1970), 165–182. I reject their arguments that quantifiers in Ontology cannot be referentially interpreted but I grant that there is what can be called objectual — referential interpretation of quantifiers and that because of the unrestricted quantification in Ontology the quantifiers in Ontology should not be given a so-called objectual-referential interpretation. I explain why I am in agreement with Küng and Canty's recommendation that Ontology's quantifiers not be substitutionally interpreted even if Leśniewski intended them to be so interpreted. A notion of an interpretation which is referential but yet which does not interpret ∃ as an assertor of existence of objects in a domain is developed. It is then shown that a first order version of Ontology is satisfied by those special kind of referential interpretations which read ∃ as ‘Something’ as epposed to ‘Something existing’.
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 219-226 
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    Studia logica 35 (1976), S. 227-241 
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 159-202 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper is part of a general programme of developing and investigating particular first-order modal theories. In the paper, a modal theory of propositions is constructed under the assumption that there are genuinely singular propositions, ie. ones that contain individuals as constituents. Various results on decidability, axiomatizability and definability are established.
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 245-256 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
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    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Global properties of canonical derivability predicates (the standard example is Pr() in Peano Arithmetic) are studied here by means of a suitable propositional modal logic GL. A whole book [1] has appeared on GL and we refer to it for more information and a bibliography on GL. Here we propose a sequent calculus for GL and, by exhibiting a good proof procedure, prove that such calculus admits the elimination of cuts. Most of standard results on GL are then easy consequences: completeness, decidability, finite model property, interpolation and the fixed point theorem.
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 325-333 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract LetL be any modal or tense logic with the finite model property. For eachm, definer L (m) to be the smallest numberr such that for any formulaA withm modal operators,A is provable inL if and only ifA is valid in everyL-model with at mostr worlds. Thus, the functionr L determines the size of refutation Kripke models forL. In this paper, we will give an estimation ofr L (m) for some linear modal and tense logicsL.
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 361-369 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This note deals with the prepositional uniformity principlep-UP: ∧p ∈ Κ ∨x ∈N A (p, x) → ∨x ∈N ∧p ∈ Κ A (p, x) (Ω species of all propositions) in intuitionistic mathematics.p-UP is implied by WC and KS. But there are interestingp-UP-cases which require weak KS resp. WC only. UP for number species follows fromp-UP by extended bar-induction (ranging over propositions) and suitable weak continuity. As corollaries we have the disjunction property and the existential definability w.r.t. concrete objects. Other consequences are: there is no non-trivial countable partition ofΩ;id is the only injective function fromΩ toΩ; there are no many-place injective prepositional functions; card (Ω) is incomparable with the cardinality of all metric spaces containing at least three elements.
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 371-374 
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    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown that there is no constructive extensional truth-value mapping from the speciesP of all propositions into known constructive structures ≠ P.
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 311-324 
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    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Montague [7] translates English into a tensed intensional logic, an extension of the typed λ-calculus. We prove that each translation reduces to a formula without λ-applications, unique to within change of bound variable. The proof has two main steps. We first prove that translations of English phrases have the special property that arguments to functions are modally closed. We then show that formulas in which arguments are modally closed have a unique fully reduced λ-normal form. As a corollary, translations of English phrases are contained in a simply defined proper subclass of the formulas of the intensional logic.
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    Studia logica 39 (1980), S. 355-359 
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    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The undecidability of the first-order theory of diagonalizable algebras is shown here.
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    Studia logica 44 (1985), S. 389-403 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Contemporary historians of logic tend to credit Bernard Bolzano with the invention of the semantic notion, of consequence, a full century before Tarski. Nevertheless, Bolzano's work played no significant rôle in the genesis of modern logical semantics. The purpose of this paper is to point out three highly original, and still quite relevant themes in Bolzano's work, being a systematic study of possible types of inference, of consistency, as well as their meta-theory. There are certain analogies with Tarski's concerns here, although the main thrust seems to be different, both philosophically and technically. Thus, if only obliquely, we also provide some additional historical perspective on Tarski's achievement.
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  • 86
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 37-54 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The Joint Non-Trivialization Theorem, two Definability Theorems and the generalized Quantifier Elimination Theorem are proved for J 3-theories. These theories are three-valued with more than one distinguished truth-value, reflect certain aspects of model type logics and can. be paraconsistent. J 3-theories were introduced in the author's doctoral dissertation.
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  • 87
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We say that a semantical function Г is correlated with a syntactical function F iff for any structure A and any sentence ϕ we have A ⊧ Fϕ ↔ Γ A ⊧ ϕ. It is proved that for a syntactical function F there is a semantical function Г correlated with F iff F preserves propositional connectives up to logical equivalence. For a semantical function Г there is a syntactical function F correlated with Г iff for any finitely axiomatizable class X the class Г −1X is also finitely axiomatizable (i.e. iff Г is continuous in model class topology).
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  • 88
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 209-225 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract A connection between Aristotle's syllogistic and the calculus of relations is investigated. Aristotle's and Gergonne's syllogistics are considered as some algebraic structures. It is proved that Gergonne's syllogistic is isomorphic to closed elements algebra of a proper approximation relation algebra. This isomorphism permits to evaluate Gergonne's syllogisms and also Aristotle's syllogisms, laws of conversion and relations in the “square of oppositions” by means of regular computations with Boolean matrices.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract There is given the proof of strict embedding of Leśniewski's elementary ontology into monadic second-order calculus of predicates providing a formalization of the class of all formulas valid in all domains (including the empty one). The elementary ontology with the axiom ∃ S (S ɛ S) is strictly embeddable into monadic second-order calculus of predicates which provides a formalization of the classes of all formulas valid in all non-empty domains.
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  • 90
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 347-370 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract A structure which generalizes formulas by including substitution terms is used to represent proofs in classical logic. These structures, called expansion trees, can be most easily understood as describing a tautologous substitution instance of a theorem. They also provide a computationally useful representation of classical proofs as first-class values. As values they are compact and can easily be manipulated and transformed. For example, we present an explicit transformations between expansion tree proofs and cut-free sequential proofs. A theorem prover which represents proofs using expansion trees can use this transformation to present its proofs in more human-readable form. Also a very simple computation on expansion trees can transform them into Craig-style linear reasoning and into interpolants when they exist. We have chosen a sublogic of the Simple Theory of Types for our classical logic because it elegantly represents substitutions at all finite types through the use of the typed λ-calculus. Since all the proof-theoretic results we shall study depend heavily on properties of substitutions, using this logic has allowed us to strengthen and extend prior results: we are able to prove a strengthen form of the firstorder interpolation theorem as well as provide a correct description of Skolem functions and the Herbrand Universe. The latter are not straightforward generalization of their first-order definitions.
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  • 91
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    Studia logica 46 (1987), S. 227-238 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract If X is set and L a lattice, then an L-subset or fuzzy subset of X is any map from X to L, [11]. In this paper we extend some notions of recursivity theory to fuzzy set theory, in particular we define and examine the concept of almost decidability for L-subsets. Moreover, we examine the relationship between imprecision and decidability. Namely, we prove that there exist infinitely indeterminate L-subsets with no “more precise” decidable versions and classical subsets whose unique shaded decidable versions are the L-subsets almost-everywhere indeterminate.
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  • 92
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 199-230 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The λII-calculus, a theory of first-order dependent function types in Curry-Howard-de Bruijn correspondence with a fragment of minimal first-order logic, is defined as a system of (linearized) natural deduction. In this paper, we present a Gentzen-style sequent calculus for the λII-calculus and prove the cut-elimination theorem. The cut-elimination result builds upon the existence of normal forms for the natural deduction system and can be considered to be analogous to a proof provided by Prawitz for first-order logic. The type-theoretic setting considered here elegantly illustrates the distinction between the processes of normalization in a natural deduction system and cut-elimination in a Gentzen-style sequent calculus. We consider an application of the cut-free calculus, via the subformula property, to proof-search in the λII-calculus. For this application, the normalization result for the natural deduction calculus alone is inadequate, a (cut-free) calculus with the subformula property being required.
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  • 93
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 149-171 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we introduce connectification operators for intuitionistic and classical linear algebras corresponding to linear logic and to some of its extensions withn-contraction. In particular,n-contraction (n≥2) is a version of the contraction rule, wheren+1 occurrences of a formula may be contracted ton occurrences. Since cut cannot be eliminated from the systems withn-contraction considered most of the standard proof-theoretic techniques to investigate meta-properties of those systems are useless. However, by means of connectification we establish the disjunction property for both intuitionistic and classical affine linear logics withn-contraction.
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  • 94
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 231-249 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Both logic and philosophy of science investigate formal aspects of scientific discourse, i.e. properties of (non-monotonic) consequence operations for discursive logic. In the present paper we handle two of them: paraconsistency and enthymematycity.
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  • 95
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 303-332 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a monotonic system of Post algebras of order ω+ω* whose chain of Post constans is isomorphic with 0≤1≤2≤ ... ≤-3≤-2≤-1. Besides monotonic operations, other unary operations are considered; namely, disjoint operations, the quasi-complement, succesor, and predecessor operations. The successor and predecessor operations are basic for number theory.
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  • 96
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 267-301 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present some results instit theory, a theory of agency proposed by N. Belnap and M. Perloff. We will establish a correspondence between the numbers ofstit modalities and the complexity degrees ofbusy choice sequences in semantic structures, and consequently, a correspondence between the number of modes of actions/inactions instit theory and the complexity degrees ofbusy choice sequences in semantic structures.
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  • 97
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 33-60 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract We expose the main ideas, concepts and results about Jaśkowski's discussive logic, and apply that logic to the concept of pragmatic truth and to the Dalla Chiara-di Francia view of the foundations of physics.
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 79-88 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract In [Ono 1987] H. Ono put the question about axiomatizing the intermediate predicate logicLFin characterized by the class of all finite Kripke frames (Problem 4,P41). It was established in [Skvortsov 1988] thatLFin is not recursively axiomatizable. One can easily show that for any finite posetM, the predicate logic characterized byM is recursively axiomatizable, and its axiomatization can be constructed effectively fromM. Namely, the set of formulas belonging to this logic is recursively enumerable, since it is embeddable in the two-sorted classical predicate calculusCPC 2 (the definition of the truth in a Kripke model may be expressed by a formula ofCPC 2). Thus the logicLFin is II 2 0 -arithmetical. Here we give a more explicit II 2 0 -description ofLFin: it is presented as the intersection of a denumerable sequence of finitely axiomatizable Kripke-complete logics. Namely, we give an axiomatization of the logicLB n P m + characterized by the class of all posets of the finite height ⩽m and the finite branching ⩽n. A finite axiomatization of the predicate logicLP m + characterized by the class of all posets of the height ⩽m is known from [Yokota 1989] (this axiomatics is essentially first-order; the standard propositional axiom of the height ⩽m is not sufficient [Ono 1983]). We prove thatLB n P m + =(LP m + +B n),B n being the propositional axiom of the branching ⩽n (see [Gabbay, de Jongh 1974]). Our terminology and notations mainly correspond to [Ono 1987].
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  • 99
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    Studia logica 54 (1995), S. 173-198 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract Wajsberg and Jankov provided us with methods of constructing a continuum of logics. However, their methods are not suitable for super-intuitionistic and modal predicate logics. The aim of this paper is to present simple ways of modification of their methods appropriate for such logics. We give some concrete applications as generic examples. Among others, we show that there is a continuum of logics (1) between the intuitionistic predicate logic and the logic of constant domains, (2) between a predicate extension ofS4 andS4 with the Barcan formula. Furthermore, we prove that (3) there is a continuum of predicate logics with equality whose “equality-free fragment” is just the intuitionistic predicate logic.
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  • 100
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    Studia logica 55 (1995), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Philosophie
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