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  • Ultrastructure  (54)
  • pharmacokinetics  (29)
  • Scanning electron microscopy  (15)
  • Lepidoptera
  • Springer  (98)
  • 1975-1979  (98)
  • 1975  (98)
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  • Springer  (98)
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  • 1975-1979  (98)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of di-n-propylacetate in epileptic patients (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Di-n-propylacetate ; 2-propyl-valeric acid sodium salt ; pharmacokinetics ; anti-epileptic ; drug monitoring ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of the anti-epileptic drug di-n-propylacetate (DepakineR) have been studied in 7 patients, in whom plasma concentrations were determined during and following subchronic treatment. Elimination of the drug appeared to follow a monophasic exponential course; biological half lives were 8 to 15 hours. The data supported the assumption that an open one-compartment model can be used to describe the kinetics of dipropylacetate in man. The drug appeared to have a relatively restricted distribution: calculated relative distribution volumes ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 1/kg. There were large interindividual differences in clearance rate. The therapeutic range was considered to be between 50 and 100 mg/1 plasma. Plasma levels of phenobarbital were markedly raised during treatment with dipropylacetate for an unknown reason. Determination of the plasma concentrations of drugs at accurately fixed times appears to be a reliable method for pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of epileptic patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561557
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Concentrations of the vasodilator isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in the blood of human subjects (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Isosorbide dinitrate ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; pharmacological action ; nitrates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An oral dose of 5 mg of14C-isosorbide dinitrate was rapidly absorbed, biotransformed and excreted by human subjects. Peak whole blood concentrations of radioactivity were reached after 1.5 to 2 hours and declined relatively slowly. The radioactivity in whole blood mainly represented metabolites, isosorbide mononitrates. The peak concentrations found were 4.5, 11.7 and 34.3 ng/ml of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 2-mononitrate and isosorbide 5-mononitrate, respectively, in the blood of one subject and 5.9, 15 and 61.3 ng/ml, respectively, in the blood of another subject. However, concentrations of the metabolites declined relatively slowly during 6 h after the oral dose. Up to 99% of an oral dose of isosorbide dinitrate was excreted during 5 days, mainly in the urine of the first day (ca. 78%). The results showed that isosorbide mononitrates were available to contribute to the pharmacological action.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567108
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics — Uses and abuses (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; experimental design
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary It is apparent from studying recent articles on pharmacokinetics that a number of misunder-standings exist, both about the design of experiments and the analysis of results. The purpose of this paper is to outline many of the common pitfalls associated with the design of experiments and also the limitations upon the analysis of results. The paper describes mathematical, laboratory and clinical aspects which must be examined in designing a protocol for pharmacokinetic experiments. Simulated data is presented to demonstrate the dangers of using standard computer programs for parameter estimation. Even when convergence is obtained the answers may be dependent on the method employed. A mathematical model is of little use unless a reasonable amount of good, accurate data is obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567122
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and side-effects of clonazepam and its 7- amino-metabolite in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Clonazepam ; 7-amino-clonazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; side-effects ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Clonazepam (CNP) and its principal metabolite in plasma, 7-amino-CNP (ACNP), have been investigated in a prospective study of 27 newly diagnosed epileptics and correlated with specified side-effects. At a daily dose of 6 mg, the average plasma levels of both substances were about 50ng/ml, and individual values ranged from 30 to about 80ng/ml. There was a linear correlation between changes in dose and the resulting plasma levels, which indicates first order elimination kinetics. Side-effects were frequent, but neither their severity nor their occurrence could be related to plasma levels or to the rate of increase in plasma concentration of the drug. Three out of five patients who developed serious dysphoria had significantly high CNP levels. The concentration of ACNP was considerably increased in four patients who subsequently suffered from withdrawal symptoms. Drug interaction with diphenylhydantoin, i.e. decreased CNP level, was observed in all five patients who received both compounds. In general it is not yet possible to define an upper limit for the plasma levels of CNP and ACNP at which toxicity occurs. In patients treated with conventional doses of CNP, measurement of plasma concentration is not required, except in special circumstances, because of the lack of correlation between plasma level and side-effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567123
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anticoagulant effect and plasma kinetics of fluorophenindione after a single dose in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Fluorophenindione ; vitamin K antagonist ; pharmacokinetics ; loading dose ; anticoagulant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After administration of a single loading dose (80 mg p.o.) of fluorophenindione, the prothrombin level decreased to 37 % in 24 h, and the effect lasted for 48 h. Accordingly, fluorophenindione can be classified as an anticoagulant with an “intermediate” effect. Its elimination half-life was 31 h, which is longer than that of phenindione, because of the greater stability of the fluorinated derivate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567127
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of nortriptyline in man according to a two compartment model (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Nortriptyline ; pharmacokinetics ; man ; two compartment model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma concentrations of nortriptyline have been assayed in four subjects after intravenous infusion of 57 mg nortriptyline hydrochloride. The data were evaluated according to a two compartment open model. The calculated best-fitting curves were in good agreement with the experimental data, better than could be expected from a simpler model. This justifies the assumption that the kinetics of nortriptyline in man may be described by this model with an appropriate input function. The data permitted estimation of all the parameters of the model. The meaning of the parameters is discussed, particularly in relation to individual variation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562660
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Disposition of placentally transferred carbamazepine (Tegretol®) in the newborn (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 283-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Newborn infants ; carbamazepine ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The plasma elimination of carbamazepine (Tegretol®) was studied in five newborns who had got the drug transplacentally from their epileptic mothers. The half-lives ranged from 8.2 – 27.7 hours which is comparable or even shorter than those found in adults after a single oral dose, but in the same range as those found in adults after multiple oral doses. This suggests that the newborns' drug metabolizing capacity has been induced during fetal life.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567129
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The serum level approach to individualization of drug dosage (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Serum concentrations ; individual drug dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; individual variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The importance of individualizing the dosage of potent drugs in order to maximize their therapeutic effectiveness and safety is generally accepted. Whenever possible the dosage of a drug should be “titrated” directly in each patient against the intensity of its therapeutic or toxic actions. Unfortunately, for many drugs convenient clinical yardsticks of the intensity of their pharmacologic effects are lacking. Determination of the serum concentration of such compounds can help to guide adjustment of dosage during their therapeutic use. By measuring the serum level of drugs one bypasses the largest source of individual differences in doseeffect relationships — the pharmacokinetic variation between subjects. However, the relationship between the serum concentration of a drug and the intensity of its pharmacodynamic action is influenced by many other factors, which must always be considered in interpretation of serum levels. Therapeutic decisions should never be based solely on the serum concentration of a compound, nor can such measurements ever substitute for careful medical observation and judgement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613423
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the fate of furosemide in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Furosemide ; gastrointestinal absorption ; diuretics ; glucuronides ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 35S-furosemide was administered orally (n=7) or i.v. (n=2) to healthy subjects. The average gastrointestinal uptake estimated by comparison of the urinary recovery of label and the areas under the plasma curves after the two routes of administration was 65%. The half life of radioactivity in the plasma after oral35S-furosemide was 90 ± 17 min (estimated on the slope between 2 and 6 h); the corresponding figure after35S-furosemide i.v. was 47–53 min (slope 0.5–4 h). There was probably a slower phase after 4–6 h. Fractionation of labelled material in urine from two subjects demonstrated that approximately two thirds of the label recovered at 24 h had the same chromatographic properties as furosemide. A major part of the metabolite(s) was probably furosemide glucuronide. There was no evidence that 4-chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid was formed in man. The total urinary recovery of label (5–7 d) after oral and intravenous administration was 55.1±3.2 (mean±SD) and 82–84%, respectively. After35S-furosemide i.v., 6–9% of the label was recovered in faeces, and it could not be accounted for solely by biliary excretion of furosemide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613429
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serum concentrations of ampicillin and probenecid and ampicillin excretion after repeated oral administration of a pivampicillin-probenecid salt (MK-356) (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1975), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Pivampicillin ; ampicillin ; probenecid ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twenty male volunteers received oral doses (2100, 1050, and 525 mg) of a pivampicillin-probenecid salt in a 1 to 1 molar ratio (MK-356) at 12 hour intervals. After each dose peak serum concentrations of probenecid were observed 2 hours later than peak concentrations of ampicillin. Following the first dose of MK-356 the apparent elimination rate of ampicillin was dose-dependent and did not follow first order kinetics, as it showed a longer apparent half life after a higher dose. An equal dose of MK-356 administered 12 hours later caused an increase in the peak serum ampicillin level greater than expected from the concentration of ampicillin after the preceding dose. In twelve male volunteers who received at random 525 mg of MK-356 or 350 mg of pivampicillin, each three times daily for 4 days, the areas under the ampicillin concentration curve were the same after the first or last dose of either drug. When 2100 or 1050 mg of MK-356 was taken as an initial dose, 30 to 40 per cent of the ampicillin was recovered from urine in the ensuing 12 hours. The results indicate that when at least 400 mg probenecid was coadministered twice daily with 700 mg pivampicillin (MK-356), the peak serum concentrations of ampicillin were increased and its elimination rate slowed following successive doses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614008
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