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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Structural optimization  (5)
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  • 1975  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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  • Springer  (8)
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  • 1975-1979  (8)
  • 1970-1974
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  • Mathematics  (8)
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  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 7 (1975), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; lognormal theory ; sampling ; simulation ; statistics ; transformations ; economic geology ; mining ; sedimentology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A logarithmic transformation may be used to improve the efficiency of estimates of the mean when observations follow the lognormal distribution. But if this transformation is applied to observations that follow another distribution, bias may be introduced. We consider some consequences of erroneously applying lognormal estimation theory and demonstrate that biased estimates may be obtained for certain classes of distributions. Illustrations of bias obtained in gold sampling are given.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 7 (1975), S. 47-61 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: Markov processes ; simulation ; cyclothems ; stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Banff Formation (Mississippian) is a sequence of limestone and shale exposed in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains and underlying the adjacent plains. It was chosen as a vehicle to evaluate Markov-inspired techniques in sedimentary sequences where repetition of rock types is typical but a pattern of cyclicity is not obvious. Distributions of rock-unit thickness in two outcrop sections of the Banff Formation are not all exponential, therefore a one-step Markov model using an equal observational interval is not valid. Memory is indicated by the embedded-chain model. The most likely pattern of recurrence is delineated; shale is the most independent lithologic type and therefore the initial lithology in any ideal pattern. Neither factoring nor powering a probability matrix for the Banff Formation revealed geological cyclicity as defined by W. Schwarzacher. Several problems limit the application of Markov models to sedimentary sequences. Statistical validity requires a minimum number of observations, and in the attainment of a sound statistical basis, geological pertinence may be seriously reduced. Treatment of the probability matrix, by principal components analysis or by powering, yields an exacting criterion for cyclicity.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: data processing ; discriminant analysis ; graphics ; mapping ; sampling ; simulation ; geochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The exploration geochemist faces a serious problem in reconciling theoretical statistics with the empirical distribution of elements in materials in the earth's crust. The results of computer-simulation experiments being conducted by the Exploration Geochemistry Group at the University of New Brunswick illustrate some of the problems of the relation between frequency distributions and spatial distributions of elements and raise some interesting questions about sampling patterns and physical size of samples. Most importantly, the simulation experiments and empirical examples support the contention that attempts to make an assumption of normality more efficient by performing log transformations on positively skewed data may defeat the purpose of statistical analysis for exploration work. New developments in computer-data presentation and interpretation, including population sorting and classification, illustrate the increasing use of the computer in exploration geochemistry.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 15 (1975), S. 13-26 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Structural optimization ; dynamic programming ; minimum weight design ; minimum of maximum deviation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The optimal design of elastic trusses is discussed from a dynamic programming point of view. Emphasis is placed on minimum volume design of statically determinate trusses with displacement and stress constraints in the discrete case, i.e., when the cross-sectional areas of the bars are available from a discrete set of values. This, a design constraint usually very difficult to handle with standard nonlinear programming algorithms, is naturally incorporated in the present formulation. In addition, the functional equation approach is shown to furnish a direct solution to the problem of determining a design, among all possible ones satisfying certain volume and displacement constraints, for which the maximum stress is a minimum. A successive approximation approach is briefly indicated as an extension of the method to solve statically indeterminate trusses. Finally, several numerical examples are presented and the main features of the methods are briefly exposed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 15 (1975), S. 119-129 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Structural optimization ; optimization theorems ; structural design ; solid mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A general criterion of structural optimality is presented and discussed. It applies to multipurpose structures subjected to multiple or movable loadings, the design of which is defined by several design functions. The cost is assumed to be a convex function of the various specific energies associated with the respective behavioral constraints. This criterion is shown to include most (if not all) criteria used up to now.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 16 (1975), S. 119-133 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Structural optimization ; minimum-weight design ; control theory ; distributed parameter problems ; two-point boundary-value problems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents an application of two solution methods to the least-weight optimization of a simple sandwich beam with a frequency constraint. The first method, an adaptation of a numericalshooting technique used in optimal control, is found to give good results if unknown initial conditions can be reasonably approximated. The second method, a perturbation method used widely in theoretical mechanics and aerodynamics, yields approximate analytical expressions. These expressions can be used in turn to estimate starting values for the numerical technique. Converged numerical results are presented for a least-weight cantilever beam with fixed fundamental frequency and for a beam on simple supports with fixed fundamental frequency.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 15 (1975), S. 85-101 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Structural optimization ; engineering design ; optimality conditions ; calculus of variations ; structural mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The conditions for optimal location of supports are derived for the case of elastic design for specified mean compliance and plastic design for given safety factor of plastic collapse. The optimal design problem is next formulated including position-dependent cost of support into the design procedure. Both rigid and flexible or yielding supports are considered.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 15 (1975), S. 157-166 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Structural optimization ; frequency constraints ; minimum-mass design ; axial vibration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Governing equations for the optimal design of a rod with tip mass subject to several constraints on natural frequency are developed. The relation of this mass distribution to the globally optimum design for lowest frequency is discussed. A numerical example for two frequencies is presented. Some continuity results concerning the optimal mass distribution are presented.
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