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  • AEROSPACE MEDICINE  (279)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1975-1979  (279)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1975  (279)
  • 1
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    Medical care of spacecrews, (Medical care, equipment, and prophylaxis) (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Treatment and prevention of the physiologic problems of spacecrews are discussed. Preflight procedures, inflight monitoring and medication, and postflight examination are described. Specific factors covered include: medical screening and astronaut selection; health stabilization and exposure prevention; preflight medical examinations and training; biomedical data; medical kits; diagnosis and treatment; and implications of postflight findings.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA, Washington Found. of Space Biol. and Med., Vol. 3; p 345-371
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  • 2
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    Bioelectric activity of skeletal muscle under conditions of alternating action of g-Forces and weightlessness (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: The bioelectric activity of the musculature of animals and man was studied during alternating g-forces and weightlessness. The appropriate conditions were reproduced in flight along a parabolic curve; in this case, weightlessness lasting 25-30 sec alternated with g-forces of about 2 g magnitude. Quite regular changes in the bioelectric activity of various groups of muscles were disclosed under g-forces and in weightlessness. Thus, muscle biopotential amplitudes of 130-180 microvolt in horizontal flight, increased to 190-330 microvolt under g-forces. In the subsequent weightlessness, an abrupt reduction in oscillation voltage was observed and, in a number of cases, phenomena, similar to the picture of bioelectric silence were noted.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 239-245
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  • 3
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    Motor activity under weightless conditions (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: The material presented on the motor activity under weightless conditions (brief and long) leads to the conclusion that it is not significantly disrupted, if those being examined are secured at the workplaces. Some discoordination of movement, moderately expressed disruption of the precision of reproduction of assigned muscular forces, etc., were observed. Motor disorders decrease significantly in proportion to the length of stay under weightless conditions. This apparently takes place, as a consequence of formation of a new functional system, adequate to the conditions of weightlessness. Tests on intact and labyrinthectomized animals have demonstrated that signaling from the inner ear receptors is superfluous in weightlessness, since it promotes the onset of disruptions in the combined work of the position analyzers.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 245-265
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  • 4
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    Methods of body orientation in space in the absence of support under weightless conditions (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: The experience accumulated in training subjects in methods of body orientation in space indicates the necessity of clear planning of the training process. After theoretical familiarization with the principles of body orientation in space and reviewing training films, practical mastery of the body orientation methods begins with working out of the individual elements on the Zhukovskiy stool. Then, the correctness and sequence of movements are carefully mastered in water, and the motor skills are then reinforced under time deficit conditions, on the vaulting bars, trampolines, and, in the concluding stage of training, the methods of orienting the body in space in weightlessness are worked out in laboratory-aircraft, with and without the spacesuit and with and without a load.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 216-228
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  • 5
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    Astronaut activity in weightlessness and unsupported space (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: For the purpose of study of the performance ability of a human operator in prolonged weightless conditions was studied by the following methods: (1) psychophysiological analysis of certain operations; (2) the dynamic characteristics of a man, included in a model control system, with direct and delayed feedback; (3) evaluation of the singularities of analysis and quality of the working memory, in working with outlines of patterned and random lines; and (4) biomechanical analysis of spatial orientation and motor activity in unsupported space.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 383-429
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  • 6
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    Problem of artificial gravity from the point of view of experimental physiology (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: Artificial gravity in spacecraft and orbital stations is considered as prophylactic method for preventing disorders under weightlessness conditions and for readaptation of astronauts to the gravity of earth. The creation of 0.28 to 0.31 g artificial gravity during weightlessness is adequate to orient the human body in space, to preserve movement coordination, as well as to maintain the necessary level of certain physiological indices. This range of artificial weightiness can be reached by various angular accelerations of the satellite rotation as a function of the radius or orientation.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 351-357
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  • 7
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    Prophylaxis of unfavorable effect of weightlessness on the body (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: Artificial gravitation is judged to be the most effective universal method of prophylaxis for the negative effects of weightlessness on the human body.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 314-335
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  • 8
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    Means and methods of physical conditioning of man in long space flights (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: Methods of prophylaxis for disorders caused predominantly by reduction or absence of hydrostatic blood pressure in weightlessness and in experimental stimulation of it (readjustment of the watersalt metabolism, relative dehydration, disruption of competence of the cardiovascular system with respect to orthostatic loads, etc.), are adequately substantiated. Two theoretically possible approaches to prophylaxis of this type of disorder are examined: The use of methods of simulation of the effect of hydrostatic blood pressure in flight and the decrease in the gravitational redistribution of blood to the lower part of the body in the postflight period. In particular, the method of negative pressure in the lower region of the body gave favorable results. A significant decrease in orthostatic disorders after completion of such experiments was achieved by use of g-suits or other types of special clothing.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 335-351
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  • 9
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    Effect of weightlessness on mineral saturation of bone tissue (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: X-ray photometry of bone density established dynamic changes in mineral saturation of bone tissues for Soyuz spacecraft and Salyut orbital station crews. Calcaneus optical bone densities in all crew members fell below initial values; an increase in spacecrew exposure time to weightlessness conditions also increased the degree of decalcification. Demineralization under weightlessness conditions took place at a higher rate than under hypodynamia.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 208-215
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  • 10
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    Urea, sugar, nonesterified fatty acid and cholesterol content of the blood in prolonged weightlessness (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-09
    Description: Biochemical blood composition studies on astronauts during weightlessness flight simulation tests and during actual space flights showed some disturbances of metabolic processes. Increases in blood sugar, fatty acid and cholesterol, and urea content are noted.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Weightlessness: Med. and Biol. Res. (NASA-TT-F-16105); p 196-207
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