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  • Articles  (5)
  • dosimetry  (3)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
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  • 1980-1984  (5)
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  • Articles  (5)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Elsevier
  • Springer Nature
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  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1975-1979
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  • Physics  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 81-90 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: dosimetry ; far-fields/near-fields ; inhomogeneous dielectric properties ; SAR distribution ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The advances made in quantifying electromagnetic absorption and its distribution for various exposure profiles are described. The conditions that have been studied extensively are: free-space irradiation and its variations, such as the presence of ground and reflecting surfaces and other humans in close proximity. Using an inhomogeneous block model of man, work has recently been extended to leakage-type near-fields such as those from RF heat sealers and other electronic equipment. Projections are made for the extension of this work to evaluate coupled near-fields, design of multielement near-field applicators to obtain physician-prescribed uniform or nonuniform rates of regional heating, and for the inverse scattering problem necessary for electromagnetic biomedical imaging. Accurate information about the dielectric properties of various tissues becomes increasingly important for proper inhomogeneous modeling of man.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 253-274 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: radiofrequency ; nearfield ; hyperthermia ; dosimetry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A homogeneous, lossy circular cylinder is used as a simple model of a biological object in which interior heating is produced by the absorption of electromagnetic waves. For this model, we determined the optimum frequency, polarization, orientation and shape of applicators. Analytical and numerical results are given for both electric and magnetic line sources, with three different polarizations relative to the cylinder. Coupling efficiencies and contour plots are presented for a range of parameters. One particularly interesting result is the production of maximum energy deposition at the center of a cylinder of muscle tissue when exposed in the 100-MHz frequency range by the use of four applicators surrounding the cylinder.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 285-291 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: mice ; microwaves ; body mass ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Time-bred CD-1 mice (100) were sham-irradiated or irradiated with 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves at 28 mW/cm2 for 100 minutes daily from the 6th through 17th day of gestation. The offspring were examined either as fetuses after hysterotomy on the 18th day of gestation or as naturally born neonates on the 1st and 7th day of age. Fetuses of half of the dams were examined on the 18th day of gestation. The incidence of pregnancy and the numbers of live, dead, resorbed, and total fetuses were similar in both groups. The mean weight was significantly lower (10%) in live microwave-irradiated fetuses, and ossification of sternal centers was significantly delayed. In the offspring that were born naturally, the mean weight of microwave-irradiated 7-day-old suckling mice was significantly lower (10%) than that of the sham-irradiated group. Survival rates of neonates in these two groups were not different. These data demonstrate that the decreased fetal weight seen in microwave-irradiated mice is retained at least 7 days after birth. Evidence from other published studies is presented to show that the retarded growth is persistent and might be interpreted as permanent stunting.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 275-283 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: microwaves ; 2.45 GHz ; heat stress ; hyperthermia ; in vivo ; mouse ; preimplantation embryos ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The development of preimplantation embryos after exposure to microwave radiation was studied. Female CD-1 mice were induced to superovulate, mated, and exposed to 2.45-GHz microwave or sham radiation for 3 h at power densities of 9 mW/cm2 and 19 mW/cm2 on either day 2 or 3 of pregnancy (plug day was considered day 1). Another group of mice was exposed to heat stress by placing the dams in an environmental room at an ambient temperature of 38 °C and relative humidity at 62% for 3 h on day 2 of pregnancy. All groups were euthanized on day 4 of pregnancy and embryos were recovered by flushing excised uterine horns. Embryos were examined for abnormalities and classified by the developmental stages. They were then treated with hypotonic solution and dissociated for counting blastomeres. Heat stress caused stunted development of embryos, but no remarkable effect of microwave radiation could be found on the development of preimplantation embryos.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 3 (1982), S. 401-412 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 2,450 MHz ; exposure system ; circular waveguide ; anechoic chamber ; mice ; dosimetry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Two systems for exposing mice to 2,450-MHz electromagnetic fields are described. In a waveguide system, four mice were placed in a Styrofoam cage and exposed dorsally to circularly polarized electromagnetic fields. The temperature and humidity in the mouse holder were kept constant by forced-air ventilation. For 1-W input power to the waveguide, the average specific absorption rate (SAR) was determined by twin-well calorimetry to be 3.60 ± 0.11 (SE) W/kg in 27-g mice. The maximum SAR at the skin surface determined thermographically was 8.36 W/kg in the head of the mouse. The second system was a miniature anechoic chamber. Six mice were irradiated dorsally to far field plane waves. Copper shielding and high-temperature absorbing material were lined inside the chamber to accommodate the high input power. The air ventilation at the location of the mice was separately controlled so that any heating in the absorber would not affect the animals. For 1-W input power, the average SAR was 0.17 ± 0.01 W/kg and the maximum SAR at the skin surface was 0.41 W/kg in the animal when irradiated with body axis parallel to the E field; the SARs were 0.11 ± 0.01 W/kg and 0.64 W/kg, respectively, when irradiated perpendicular to the E field.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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