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  • Articles  (12,827)
  • Springer  (9,535)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3,292)
  • Blackwell Publishers Ltd
  • Emerald
  • International Union of Crystallography
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (12,827)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1976  (6,443)
  • 1975  (6,384)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (5,454)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (2,941)
  • Economics  (2,272)
  • Computer Science  (1,415)
  • Geography  (1,195)
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  • Articles  (12,827)
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  • 1995-1999
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  • 1975-1979  (12,827)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    QUARTERLY ESTIMATES OF CAPITAL STOCKS IN THE U.S. PRIVATE DOMESTIC ECONOMY, BY MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUPS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper describes a study designed to provide quarterly estimates of the real capital stock of the United States by sector and industry, which is being undertaken by the Conference Board. It surveys the history of wealth estimation in the United States, and goes on to describe work now in progress both in the Bureau of Economic Analysis and by private researchers. It then continues with a description of the methodology being used in the Conference Board study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00841.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RELIABILITY CRITERIA FOR NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 21 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The reliability of national accounts is determined by the adequacy of a great variety of data sources and estimating methods. This inquiry focuses on major conceptual and methodological problems, and while it does not solve the reliability problem, it provides a framework for reliability analysis and suggests criteria for the evaluation of results; it also assists the producers of national accounts in determining the major trade-offs between different areas of possible data improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1975.tb00823.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SYNTHETIC ESTIMATE OF THE NATIONAL WEALTH OF JAPAN 1885–1973 (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 21 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article present estimates, in current prices, of the national wealth of Japan and of about a dozen components for twelve benchmark dates between 1885 and 1973, the distance ranging, with one exception, from five to twelve years. The estimates are derived by a combination of (a) Ohkawa's perpetual inventory estimates of reproducible fixed assets for the period from 1885 to 1940 and Economic Planning Agency censuses for 1950 to 1965, roughly extrapolated to 1973; with (b) estimates of other components of national wealth (land, inventories, consumer durables and net foreign assets) taken for the pre-war period chiefly from census-type data and derived for the postwar period from miscellaneous, mainly official, sources.As in most countries the current value of Japan's national wealth increased until World War II considerably more slowly than its national product, which expanded with extraordinary rapidity. In the postwar period, however, the ratio showed a slight upward trend reaching by 1973 fully 3 1/2. The ratio of all reproducible assets to national product showed a similar pattern at a lower level, reaching 2 1/2 in 1973. In contrast the ratio of so-called productive assets (non-residential buildings, equipment and inventories) failed to show a definite secular trend remaining between 1.5 and 2.2 at all but one benchmark date.Changes in the structure of national wealth over the past century were pronounced, but very different before and after World War II. Up to the 1940's, the share of land declined sharply from about one-half to less than one-fourth, to the benefit primarily of producer durables and non-residential structures. In the last quarter of a century, in contrast, the extraordinary rise in urban land prices brought the share of land in national wealth back to one-third (though the share of agricultural land continued to decline rapidly), while that of producer and consumer durables continued to increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1975.tb00686.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL INCOME AND PRODUCT ACCOUNTS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANALYTICAL TOOL (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 21 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this article is to record the history of the national income and product accounts of the United States, concentrating on the period 1932–47. During that period the single national income aggregate evolved into a set of accounts and the estimates emerged as an important analytical tool. Interviews with participants in these developments were extensively utilized to trace the events, people, ideas, and other factors which shaped the history of the accounts.The generally recognized need for economic information during the Great Depression stimulated the request that the Department of Commerce undertake what became the first official continuing series on national income in the United States. These estimates were prepared with the cooperation of the National Bureau of Economic Research and were published in 1934. By the late 1930's, estimates were extended to include income by state and a monthly series. World War II was the impetus for the development of product, or expenditure, estimates. By the mid-1940's, the estimates had evolved into a set of income and product accounts–a consolidated production account, sector income and outlay accounts, and a consolidated saving-investment account–designed to provide a bird's-eye-view of the economy. During this period uses of the accounts widened; analysis of wartime production goals and anti-inflation policy are noteworthy examples. The National Income, 1947 Edition was the culmination of a period of intensive conceptual discussion, extension of data sources, and improvement of estimating techniques. Thereafter the mainlines of development are more familiar, encompassing refinement and elaboration of the estimates and proliferation of uses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1975.tb00687.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPACT OF TAX, TRANSFER, AND EXPENDITURE POLICIES OF GOVERNMENT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERSONAL INCOME IN CANADA (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 21 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This is a study of the first order incidence of government taxation and expenditure policies on the incomes of families and unattached individuals in Canada in 1970. The specific purposes of the study are twofold. The first is to estimate for calendar year 1970 the first order incidence of governments’actual tax, transfer, and expenditure policies on spending units. The second objective is to simulate the changes in this incidence that would have occurred in 1970 if the new federal personal income tax, unemployment insurance, old age sccurity and family allowance programs had been in operation during that year. The methodology is similar to that used by W. Irwin Gillespie in his pioneering 1964 study for the Royal Commission on Taxation.It is concluded that the 1970 incidence of the combined tax and transfer programs of all levels of government is broadly redistributive, with net incidence of federal government programs being considerably more redistributive than that of provincial and local governments. In general, the public sector provides large net benefits to families and individuals with incomes of less than $4,000, declining net benefits to families earning from $4,000 to $11,000 and levies small but increasing levels of net tax on families and individuals with incomes in excess of $11,000. This general conclusion is relatively insensitive to the precise assumptions made about the shifting of taxes and the distribution of expenditures on pure public goods. From simulation experiments, recent reforms of the federal income tax, unemployment insurance, old age security and family allowance systems were estimated to increase the amount of redistribution from the rich to the poor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1975.tb00704.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE MEASUREMENT OF REAL INCOME (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is about the theory of the measurement of real income. By “theory of measurement” I mean the characterization of statistical terms as variables in a model, just as real consumption is characterized as an indicator of utility and the consumer price index is characterized as the cost of attaining a given level of utility in the economic theory of index numbers developed by Konus, Frisch and others half a century ago. I identify five logically distinct and internally-consistent concepts of real income: maximum sustainable consumption, consumption plus the output of new capital goods, consumption plus the increase in the capital stock where capital can be measured in two quite separate ways, and the sum of actual consumption and consumption forgone in the investment process. The last of these concepts is the most appropriate as a guide to producing long time series of real income for measuring a country's rate of economic growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00839.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CAPITAL STOCK AND CAPITAL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES BY INDUSTRIES IN THE SWEDISH NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper gives a general description of the principles and methods in connection with making estimates of capital stock and capital consumption in the Swedish National Accounts, with breakdowns into industries and purposes of government services. The first section of the paper deals with definitions, principles and related questions. The major part of the estimates have been made according to the perpetual inventory method. The principles of this method are summarized. A number of problems relating to price indices are also described, as well as problems of valuation of capital for net worth and capital consumption estimates. The second section describes the methods of estimation and sources of data. The calculations have been made on a level of disaggregation into 41 industries and 13 purposes of government services. Three methods are used, i.e., direct estimates for capital objects, where some form of current stock data has been available, insurance values as proxy for replacement values, and perpetual inventory estimates. Comparisons between estimates according to the various methods are made in a number of cases.In the third section a few special problems regarding the quality of the estimates and the possibilities of improving the estimates are explored. The main problems refer to the lack of gross fixed capital formation data, in the form of detailed series which are consistent, cover a long period, and are deflated with an adequate set of price indices. The lack of information on survival curves and durabilities of various types of capital objects is also a severe set-back. Direct inventories would improve the level of the estimates, but they would also be difficult and costly to undertake. The change in capital stock would in any case have to be determined on the basis of gross fixed capital formation data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00840.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DATA SOURCES ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN BANGLADESH, INDIA, PAKISTAN AND SRI LANKA: AN EVALUATION (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the data base available in four South Asian countries, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, for the examination of trends in real inequality and poverty. Taking the position that sample surveys of household income and consumption are the only really adequate bases on which size distributions of income for a less developed country can be constructed, the paper examines in Section I the reliability of the surveys available in the four countries. Section II evaluates available price data. Section III looks at directions for future development of data collection. The conclusion is reached that sample surveys regularly conducted in these countries do not provide a particularly good basis for this type of analysis. Needed alterations include permitting access to the primary data (or redesign of published tabulations to meet the needs of this type of analysis), use of per capita rather than total household income and consumption, better coverage of regions and occupations, and exploitation of the price data implicit in the survey data collected. Further, the surveys themselves need to be overhauled, especially with regard to timing of interviews. The paper concludes with a short discussion of alternatives to estimates of inequality that can be used to measure absolute deprivation, such as the QUAC stick for identifying nutritional insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00832.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CORRECTION: JAPAN IS DIFFERENT (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 22 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1976.tb00836.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACCOUNTING FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 21 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to set out in some detail an accounting structure for the public sector of developing countries which will provide the information essential for development planning. The public sector is of course of special importance in planning because of its sheer size and its pivotal position for altering the contours of the entire economy. Yet the information available for this strategic area often falls far short of what is needed, and also of what could be provided with more effort.The paper is divided into a number of sections, the first two of which are concerned with demarcating the public sector and with the nature of the accounting framework proposed. These are followed by sections dealing with the distinction between development and other expenditures; the need for separate financial information; public enterprises; the grouping of expenditures according to the purposes served; and income distribution. A final section touches briefly on some of the data problems involved in implementing the system. In addition, a full set of accounts for the public sector and its components is appended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1975.tb00827.x
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