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  • Chemistry  (5,638)
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY
  • 1970-1974  (5,799)
  • 1974  (5,799)
  • 1
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    Technical evaluation of the Aerospace Medical Panel Specialists Meeting on Escape Problems and Manoeuvres in Combat Aircraft (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: A technical evaluation of the papers presented at a conference on escape systems for helicopters and V/STOL aircraft was made. The subjects discussed include the following: (1) bioengineering aspects of spinal injury during ejection, (2) aerodynamic forces acting on crewman during escape, (3) operational practicality of fly away ejection seats, (4) helicopter survivability requirements, (5) ejection experience from V/STOL aircraft, and (6) research projects involving escape and retrieval systems.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AGARD Escape Probl. and Manoeuvres in Combat Aircraft; 6 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Raw Liquid Waste Treatment System and Process (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: A raw sewage treatment process is disclosed in which substantially all the non-dissolved matter, suspended in the sewage water is first separated from the water, in which at least organic matter remains dissolved. The non-dissolved material is pyrolyzed to form an activated carbon and ash material without the addition of any conditioning agents. The activated carbon and ash material is added to the water from which the non-dissolved matter was removed. The activated carbon and ash material adsorbs the organic matter dissolved in the water and is thereafter supplied in a counter flow direction and combined with the incoming raw sewage to at least facilitate the separation of the non-dissolved settleable materials from the sewage water. Carbon and ash material together with the non-dissolved matter which was separated from the sewage water are pyrolyzed to form the activated carbon and ash material.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The deadly triad (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The contributions of a design deficiency, supervisory shortcoming, and pilot error to the occurrence of a major accident involving a mechanically intact fighter aircraft during VFR weather are analyzed. The need for physiologically oriented flight surgeons to exercise critical judgment about the adequacy of the man-machine interface is pointed out.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Medical legacy of Apollo (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Since Apollo crews enjoyed freedom of movement and experienced many of the same problems as earlier crews, confinement had to be ruled out in the etiology of space flight-related changes. Apollo was a mission of physiological firsts: the first inflight illnesses were reported, and a series of cardiac arrhythmias occurred. The most important physiological changes were decreased cardiovascular responsiveness, reduced red blood cell mass, and musculoskeletal deterioration. Vestibular-related problems were also noted for the first time. Crewmen lost weight as a result of a hypocaloric regimen inflight and a tendency to lose body tissue under hypogravic conditions. Aldosterone production increased causing some intracellular fluid loss. Very few of the crewmen experienced any psychological problems after Apollo.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: Aerospace Medicine; 45; Sept
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Integrated water and waste management system for future spacecraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Over 200 days of continuous testing have been completed on an integrated waste management-water recovery system developed by General Electric under a jointly funded AEC/NASA/AF Contract. The 4 man system provides urine, feces, and trash collection; water reclamation; storage, heating and dispensing of the water; storage and disposal of the feces and urine residue and all of other nonmetallic waste material by incineration. The heat required for the 1200 deg F purification processes is provided by a single 420-w radioisotope heater. A second 836-w radioisotope heater supplemented by 720 w of electrical heat provides for distillation and water heating. Significant test results are no pre-or-post treatment, greater than 98 per cent potable water recovery, approximately 95 per cent reduction in solids weight and volume, all outflows are sterile with the water having no bacteria or virus, and the radioisotope capsule radiation level is only 7.9 mrem/hr unshielded at 1 m (neutrons and gamma).
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: ASME PAPER 74-ENAS-10 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 29, 1974 - Aug 01, 1974; Seattle, WA; US
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Skylab medical technology utilization (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: To perform the extensive medical experimentation on man in a long-term, zero-g environment, new medical measuring and monitoring equipment had to be developed, new techniques in training and operations were required, and new methods of collecting and analyzing the great amounts of medical data were developed. Examples of technology transfers to the public sector resulted from the development of new equipment, methods, techniques, and data. This paper describes several of the examples that stemmed directly from Skylab technology.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AAS PAPER 74-175 , Annual Meeting; Aug 20, 1974 - Aug 22, 1974; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Skylab biomedical hardware development (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The development of hardware to support biomedical experimentation and operations in the Skylab vehicle presented unique technical problems. Designs were required to enable the accurate measurement of many varied physiological parameters and to compensate for zero g such that uninhibited equipment operation would be possible. Because of problems that occurred during the orbital workshop launch, special tests were run and new equipment was designed and built for use by the first Skylab crew. Design concepts used in the development of hardware to support cardiovascular, pulmonary, vestibular, body, and specimen mass measuring experiments are discussed. Additionally, major problem areas and the corresponding design solutions, as well as knowledge gained that will be pertinent for future life sciences hardware development, are presented.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AAS PAPER 74-174 , Annual Meeting; Aug 20, 1974 - Aug 22, 1974; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Skylab food system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Skylab food program was a major effort involving a complex spectrum of activities necessary for the preparation of a crew feeding system. Approximately 17,000 individual food packages and support items, weighing more than 1225 kg, were launched into space as a single unit on board the orbital workshop. This unit provided the three (three-man) Skylab crews with nourishing foods and beverages for a total of 156 days, as well as with eating utensils and accessory items. Additionally, provisions for 5 days (15 man-days) were provided in each of the three command and service modules in a manner similar to that of the Apollo flights. The Skylab food system not only provided the crew with a palatable balanced diet in a familiar and acceptable manner but also supported the formidable mineral balance medical experiment series (M070).
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AAS PAPER 74-173 , Annual Meeting; Aug 20, 1974 - Aug 22, 1974; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Skylab Experiment T020 preliminary results concerning a foot-controlled maneuvering unit (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Skylab Experiment T020 was developed to study the performance capabilities of astronauts using a relatively simple device maneuvering in an actual zero gravity environment. The experimental test bed, used as the maneuvering unit, employed foot-operated controls for translation along only the vertical or head-to-foot axis and for rotation about all three axes. The control thrusters were operated by direct mechanical linkage to the foot controls, and no stabilization system was employed. The results showed that subjects could successfully perform a number of relatively simple maneuvers but had some difficulties with unplanned or unrehearsed maneuvers of a more complex nature. Precise maneuvering within the confines of the orbital workshop was limited primarily by an inadequate body-restraint harness system and by lack of translation capability along the other two axes.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: AAS PAPER 74-138 , Annual Meeting; Aug 20, 1974 - Aug 22, 1974; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Design, fabrication and acceptance testing of a zero gravity whole body shower (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent research and development programs have established the ability of the zero gravity whole body shower to maintain a comfortable environment in which the crewman can safely cleanse and dry the body. The purpose of this program was to further advance the technology of whole body bathing and to demonstrate technological readiness including in-flight maintenance by component replacement for flight applications. Three task efforts of this program are discussed. Conceptual designs and system tradeoffs were accomplished in task 1. Task 2 involved the formulation of preliminary and final designs for the shower, while task 3 included the fabrication and test of the shower assembly. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation and correction of test anomalies during the final phase of the program.
    Keywords: BIOTECHNOLOGY
    Type: ASME PAPER 74-ENAS-51 , Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems; Jul 29, 1974 - Aug 01, 1974; Seattle, WA; US
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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