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  • Electron microscopy  (103)
  • Histochemistry
  • Springer  (109)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1970-1974  (109)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
  • 1974  (109)
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Publisher
  • Springer  (109)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1970-1974  (109)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Microsporon audouinii ; Pyrrolnitrin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that a ceiling quantity (1.56 mcg) of antifungal antibiotic Pyrrolnitrin caused heavy damage to dermathophyteMicrosporon audouinii Gruby CBS 313-54in vitro. Suitable preparation technique made it clear that the changes involved consisted of hyphal collapse on the edge of the culture, with loss of euplasmic organelles identity and cell autolysis. The cell wall, however, was apparently undamaged. These findings fit in with the suggestion that the mode of action of the antibiotic leads to generalised lipoproteic membranes damage. They must, however, be considered as representing the result of the terminal phase of cell distress.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 93-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dentinogenesis ; Globules ; Pyrophosphatase ; Calcification ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three-day-old rats were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde and thin slices were cut of the first molar germs. The slices were treated with EDTA and “activated” with buffered solutions containing Mg2+, Ca2+ or Zn2+. Incubation was carried out in buffered solutions (pH 8.5) containing inorganic pyrophosphate and Pb2+. In the Mg2+-activated specimens incubation products were localized to the plasma membranes in the stratum intermedium and the subodontoblastic area. Lead deposits were found on the periphery of the dentinal globules. Incubation products were more randomly distributed in Ca2+-activated specimens whereas those activated with Zn2+ displayed a deposition of lead precipitates mainly corresponding to that seen after activation with Mg2+. The findings are discussed in reference to the localization of alkaline phosphatase in the dentin-producing tissues and it is proposed that the results are indicative of the presence of an inorganic pyrophosphatase in these tissues.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 16 (1974), S. 169-182 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Histochemistry ; Alkaline phosphatases ; Calcification ; Bone ; Teeth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Activity of alkaline phosphatases in unfixed cold microtome setions from the lower first molar area of newborn mice was recorded by histochemical methods. A substrate specificity test included the following phosphate compounds: ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP, ADP, AMP, GP, PPi, MDP and naphthol AS-TR phosphate. Intense staining was obtained in osteoblasts, stratum intermedium of the enamel organ and odontoblasts with all the substrates, except PPi and MDP. Staining of skeletal muscle fibres was obtained only with triphosphates as substrates. Addition of-SH groups decreased the hydrolysis of triphosphate compounds in cells involved in mineralization while the hydrolysis of monophosphate was inhibited. In contrast triphosphatase activity in striated muscle was enhanced when-SH compounds were added. Demineralization with EDTA diminished the cytoplasmic staining but induced a nuclear staining in hard tissue forming cells when triphosphates were used as substrates. No cytoplasmic and only slight nuclear staining was seen with GP or AMP as substrates. The triphosphate hydrolyzing capacity of tongue muscle fibres was, however, increased after the decalcification treatment. Addition of Mg2+ ions to the incubation media distinctly lowered the hydrolysis of triphosphates in the investigated tissues whereas the hydrolysis of ADP, AMP, GP and naphthol AS-TR phosphate remained unchanged. In view of the findings the triphosphatase activities at alkaline pH of muscle fibres and of cells related to hard tissue formation are considered to be due to activity of separate enzymes. The orthophosphate liberating enzyme activities at alkaline pH in osteoblasts, stratum intermedium and odontoblasts may be expressions of the catalytic functions of one common enzyme. Furthermore, the results indicate that CaATP might be the substrate used by the alkaline ATPase in mineralizing areas.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cartilage ; Mineralization ; Histochemistry ; Matrix vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les expériences portent sur la minéralisation de la plaque épiphysaire tibiale du rat de souche Long-Evans, étudiée après traitement à la cortisone, propylthiouracile ou après jeûn prolongé. Dans des conditions normales, le calcium et le phosphate augmentent au niveau de la matrice extracellulaire, alors que les mucopolysaccharides sulfonés diminuent. Par contre, les vésicules de la matrice au niveau desquels se forment les cristaux d'hydroxyapatite, augmentent. Dans les rats ayant subi un traitement à la propylthiouracile, les cristaux d'hydroxyapatite sont très apparents. Ceci est du à une augmentation du dépôt en calcium, et à une diminution des granules des mitochondries qui contiennent probablement du calcium et du phosphate. En outre, une augmentation du nombre des vésicules de la matrice est visible ainsi qu'une décroissance de la quantité des mucopolysaccharides sulfonés. Dans les rats traités à la cortisone, les cristaux d'hydroxyapatite sont présents, mais dans une quantité moindre que dans les rats ayant subi l'effet du propylthiouracile. Le dépôt en calcium est légèrement réduit; les granules des mitochondries sont plus nombreuses que dans les groupes précédents, le nombre des vesicules de la matrice est plus faible, et les mucopolysaccharides sulfonés sont plus apparents que dans les rats traités à la propylthiouracile. Dans les rats ayant subi l'effet du jeûn, les cristaux d'hydroxyapatite sont fortement réduits ou entièrement absents. Ceci est du à une réduction de dépôt du calcium, une augmentation du nombre des granules des mitochondries (ce qui semble indiquer que les phénomènes de transport vers la matrice extracellulaire sont ralentis), alors que les vésicules de la matrice sont présentes dans des quantités réduites. Les mucopolysaccharides sont plus apparents que dans les animaux traités à la cortisone ou à la propylthiouracile.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung beruht auf einem Vergleich der Mineralisation in der hypertrophischen Zone in der Epiphysealplatte von Long Evans Ratten die mit Kortison, Propylthiourazil oder einfachem Fasten behandelt wurden. Unter Normalbedingungen lassen sich in der extrazellulären Matrix der Calcifikationszone die folgenden Veränderungen beobachten: der Gehalt an Calcium und Phosphat nimmt zu, derjenige an Mukopolysacchariden nimmt ab, während die Matrixvesiclen, in denen sich die Bildung des Hydroxylapatits vollzieht, zunehmen. In Ratten die mit Propylthiourazil behandelt wurden, treten die Hydroxylapatitskristalle besonders hervor. Dies hängt mit einer Zunahme der Calciumablagerung zusamen sowie einer Abnahme der Mitochondriengranulation (in denen vermutlich Calcium und Phosphat enthalten sind). Ferner hängt damit zusammen eine numerische Zunahme der Matrixvesiceln sowie ein starke Abnahme des Gehalts an sulfonierten Mucopolysacchariden. In den mit Kortison behandelten Ratten sind Hydroxylapatikristalle nachweisbar, wenn auch weniger zahlreich als in den mit Propylthiourazil behandelten. Dem entspricht auch eine leicht reduzierte Calciumablagerung sowie eine Mitochondrialgranulation die derjenigen der anderen Ratten überlegen ist; Matrixvesiceln sind weniger zahlreich und sulfonierte Mucopolysaccharide sind deutlicher nachweisbar als in den Tieren, die Propylthiourazil erhielten. Fasten führt zu einem auffallenden Verlust an Hydroxylapatitkristallen. Diese können sogar nicht mehr zu erkennen sein. Dies hängt mit verminderter Calciumablagerung zusammen sowie einer Zunahme der Mitochondrialgranulation. Dies ist vermutlich Ausdruck einer Transportverzögerung zur extrazellularen Matrix. Nach Fasten ist auch die Anzahl der Matrixvesiceln auffallend herabgesetzt, und der Gehalt an sulfonierten Mucopolysacchariden ist größer als in den mit Kortison bzw. Propylthiourazil behandelten Tieren.
    Notes: Abstract Comparison of mineralization in the hypertrophic zone of the tibial epiphyseal plate in immature rats was carried out after treatment with cortisone, propylthiouracil, or after fasting. Under normal conditions, in the extracellular matrix at the calcification front, calcium and phosphate increased, sulfated mucopolysaccharides decreased, and matrix vesicles, which serve as the locus for the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, increased. In propylthiouracil-treated rats, hydroxyapatite crystals were prominent, related to an increase in calcium deposition, a decrease of mitochondrial granules (thought to contain calcium and phosphate), an increase in the number of matrix vesicles, and to a marked decrease in the amount of sulfated mucopolysaccharide. In cortisone-treated rats, hydroxyapatite crystals were present but they were not as numerous as in the propylthiouracil-treated rats. Correspondingly, calcium deposition was slightly reduced, mitochondrial granules were more numerous than in the previous groups of rats, matrix vesicles were less numerous, and sulfated mucopolysaccharide were more prominent than in the propylthiouracil-treated rats. In fasted rats, hydroxyapatite crystals were markedly reduced or absent, and related to a decrease in calcium deposition, an increase in the number of mitochondrial granules (suggesting a delay in transport to the extracellular matrix). Matrix vesicles were markedly reduced in number, and sulfated mucopolysaccharide much more prominent than in either the cortisone or the propylthiouracil-treated rats.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Acid phosphatase ; Electron microscopy ; Shell Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Acid phosphatase activity was mainly localized in the lysosomes in all the regions of the outer epithelium. The transitional portion of the outer epithelium showed more intense activity than the other regions. During shell regeneration the activity of this portion decreased to a minimum level at 12 hours and was restored to normal at 72 hours. The other regions showed no change of activity during shell regeneration. It is postulated that the acid phosphatase in the transitional protion is responsible for conferring calcifiability to the organic matrix of the shell.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 589-593 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ommatidium ; Apis mellifica ; Ninth retinula cell ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Rhabdom im Ommatidium der Arbeitsbiene wird von 9 Retinulazellen aufgebaut. Die exzentrische Zelle = Zelle Nr. 9 (ca. 50–75 μ lang) liegt im distalen Bereich des Ommatidiums, unterhalb der Zelle Nr. 4 (nach Varela und Porter, 1969), die ihrerseits den Rhabdomverband verläßt und als Axon zur Basalmembran zieht.
    Notes: Summary The rhabdom in the ommatidium of the worker honey bee is built up of 9 retinula cells. The eccentric cell = cell No. 9 (approx. 50–75 μ long) is situated in the distal region of the ommatidium beneath the fourth cell (numbered according to Varela and Porter, 1969), which in its turn leaves the rhabdom and runs as an axon towards the basement membrane.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 397-406 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; “Nude” mouse ; Ciliogenesis ; Ciliary anomalies ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The thymus of the “nude” mouse is composed of ciliated cysts. In the adult mouse, different steps of ciliogenesis can be observed. The ciliated cells exhibit several anomalies in the centriole and in the cilium itself; the most important ones are the half-centriole and the compound cilia. An explanation for the occurrence of frequent anomalies in ciliated cells is suggested. Finally, some single cilia are described in fat cells.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 499-504 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Urethra (rat) ; Chromaffin cells ; Sensory neurons ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urethra of the rat was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Under a transmission electron microscope flask-shaped chromaffin cells containing membrane-bound osmiophilic granules were seen to possess microvilli at their apical surfaces. The microvilli projected into large extracellular spaces which were apparently in continuity with the lumen of the urethra. Using scanning electron microscopy, a surface view of the lumen of the urethra was obtained. It showed a gently undulating surface with distinct intercellular boundaries. Scattered over the surface were numerous deep depressions between individual cells. These were thought to correspond with the large extracellular spaces into which microvilli had been seen to project. It is suggested that urethral chromaffin cells may “trigger” the afferent part of a reflex causing contraction of the urethral longitudinal muscle.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 535-550 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptosomes ; Rat brain stem ; Synaptogenesis ; Development ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure and protein content of the five subfractions of the crude mitochondrial fraction from the brain stem of the 1-day old and adult rat was examined. The morphological composition of the subfractions after fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmiumtetroxide in the adult rat brain stem resembled that previously reported for the whole brain; synaptosomes sedimented in a sucrose gradient in subfractions C and D. In the 1-day old rat, mature synaptosomes were found in subfractions A, B, C and D; E contained mainly free mitochondria. 80–95% of the processes in the adult and 10–30% in the 1-day old rat contained synaptic vesicles which were of four types: (1) small agranular vesicles (2) large dense core vesicles (3) large agranular vesicles (4) coated vesicles. Pre- and postsynaptic membrane thickenings were demonstrated in many nerve-ending particles. In the subfractions of the 1-day old rat the protein content was one half and the distribution resembled that in the adult. Evidently nerve endings develop faster in the brain stem than in cortical areas; a serotoninor adrenergic origin of the early synaptosomes is suggested.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 577-586 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Node of Ranvier ; Axonal-glial junctions ; Cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The paranodal zone of myelinated nerve fibers from the CNS of cats has been studied by means of the lanthanum technique and after freeze-etching. Special interest was given to the axonal-glial zones of contact in this region. Examination of the membranes of the paranodal pockets and the axolemma revealed that the membrane thickenings which occur between the adjacent membranes actually consist of bands. The bands show a specific pattern of diagonal running subunits 10 nm apart. These substructures of the axonal side of the membrane contacts protrude outwards, i.e. towards the glial membrane, where they fit into depressions on the glial membrane surface. This arrangement in form of a “zip-fastener” makes the whole structure very flexible. The subdivision of the bands was identified with both techniques. The different membrane aspects obtained by the freeze-etching technique are discussed in respect to the splitting theory, and a hypothetical model of this membrane specialization is presented.
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