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  • Synapses
  • Springer  (7)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1973  (7)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (7)
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • Krefeld : Geologischer Dienst Nordhein-Westfalen
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The granule-containing cell somata in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat, as studied by a serial sampling method for electron microscopy (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 331-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sympathetic ganglion ; Granule-containing cells ; Synapses ; Three-dimensional analysis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The surface of 4 granule-containing cells, in a cluster within the rat superior cervical ganglion, was studied by a serial sampling technique for electron microscopy. The result shows that all the 4 cells receive one, or three afferent synaptic boutons from the preganglionic fibers impinging upon their somata, and a somatic efferent synapse exists at two locations on each soma of the 2 of these cells. The postsynaptic element of the efferent synapse is observed to be represented by non-vesiculated and vesiculated segments of dendrites, soma and a possible axon collateral of the adrenergic principal neuron of the ganglion. There is a remarkably constant development of the attachment plaque between the granule-containing cells themselves, representing 1.7–2.3% of surface area for each cell. The surface area exposed to the extracellular space (covered only by a basal lamina) varies from 0.1 to 2.3% of the total perikaryal surface of the 4 cells. A tendency is noted that those cells without efferent synapses possess a more extensive area exposed to extracellular space than those forming somatic efferent synapse to the postganglionic elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307410
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Le système nerveux des cténaires (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 117-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Ctenophores ; Intra-mesogleal nervous system ; Synapses ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural evidence is given of the occurrence of nervous elements in the mesoglea of Ctenophores based on the presence of the typical synapses of this phylum. In Beroids, nervous fibers from the ectodermal nerve-net cross the epithelial basal membrane and run through the mesoglea; they are devoid of any ensheathing cell. These neurites build highly differentiated synapses upon the muscles and upon peculiar cells, tentatively named mesenchymal cells. In Cydippids, nerve fibers and nerve cell-bodies have been observed in the mesoglea of the tentacles. The mesogleal core of each tentacle contains mesenchymal cells and a thick strand of neurons and neurites, forming a kind of elongated ganglion. Neurites of either the axial neurones or the epithelial nerve-net neurones form numerous radial nerve strands across the tentacular muscles. Interneural, neuro-muscular and neuro-mesenchymal junctions are very frequent in the tentacle. As far as the organization of the mesoglea is concerned, the Ctenophora thus appear closer to Turbellaria than to Cnidaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307455
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Feinstruktur des dorsalen Riesenfasersystems im Bauchmark des Regenwurms (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 369-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Giant fibres ; Ventral nerve cord ; Lumbricus terrestris L. ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die proximalen Kollateralen der dorsalen Riesenfasern des Regenwurms wurden in Serienschnitten vom Soma bis zum Eintritt in die Riesenfaser verfolgt und im Hinblick auf ihre Feinstruktur und ihre synaptischen Kontakte Untersucht. Es finden sich sowohl chemische als auch elektrische Synapsen. Ihre Feinstruktur wird mit der bekannter Synapsen anderer Wirbellosen und Wirbeltiere verglichen. In beiden Riesenfasersystemen kommen efferente chemische Synapsen mit feinen postsynaptischen Verzweigungen vor, die anscheinend von Bauchmark-Motoneuronen stammen. Das Axon der medianen Riesenfaser weist darüber hinaus nur noch eine elektrische Synapse mit den Rieseninterneuronen auf. Demgegenüber erhalten die Kollateralen der lateralen Riesenfasern zahlreiche Afferenzen, die zum Teil als sensorische Fasern der Epidermis, multisegmentale Fasern der Hauptfaserzüge und Rieseninterneurone identifiziert werden konnten. Weitere Afferenzen stammen vermutlich von unisegmentalen Interneuronen her. Beide lateralen Riesenzellaxone bilden außerdem miteinander eine elektrische Chiasma-Synapse mit besonderen Membraneinfaltungen.
    Notes: Summary The proximal collaterals of the dorsal giant fibres of the earthworm were traced through serial sections from the cell bodies to the giant axons. Their structure and synaptic connections were examined. There are chemical as well as electrical synapses. Their fine structure is compared to that of other known invertebrate and vertebrate synapses. Both giant fibre systems have efferent chemical connections with thin postsynaptic arborizations which probably belong to ventral cord motoneurons. Moreover the median giant axon is connected by an electrical synapse with the giant interneurons. The lateral giant collaterals on the contrary receive many afferences through chemical synapses which were partly identified as sensory fibers from the epidermis, multisegmental axons from the main fibre bundles or giant interneurones. Other afferences probably come from unisegmental interneurones. In addition both lateral giant axons form an electrical chiasma synapse with special membrane folds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306592
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light and electron microscope study of the nervous system of Ceriantheopsis americanus (cnidaria, ceriantharia) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 301-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cnidaria ; Nervous system ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nervous system of juvenile and adult Ceriantheopsis americanus has been examined with the electron microscope. The nervous system is exclusively ectodermal, forming a plexus of fibres lying between the epithelium and the muscle layer. The plexus consists of three types of nerve fibre that vary in diameter from 0.1 to 20 μ, and a fourth type of fibre of uncertain nature. The reticulum, previously thought to be the ectodermal nervous system, is redescribed as the peduncles of epithelial supporting cells. Intraneural and neuromuscular synapses are described. About 97% of the interneural are polarized. The unpolarized synapses are a variety not previously described, consisting of a series of polarized zones, for which the name multipolarized synapse is proposed. Structurally, the interneural synapses are more complex than those previously seen in the Cnidaria. Presynaptic projections, periodic cleft densities, and a postsynaptic web are described. By contrast, the neuromuscular synapses bear no membrane specializations. On the basis of observed synaptic interactions of its components a preliminary model of the functional organization of the nervous system is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Le Système Nerveux des Cténaires (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 223-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Ctenophores ; Nerve-net, Nervous concentration ; Synapses ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A subectodermal nerve-net is demonstrated in ten species of Ctenophores by means of either Methylene Blue vital staining or silver impregnation. There is no evidence of subendodermal nerve-net. The ectodermal nerve-net displays a characteristic polygonal pattern which is thought to result from morphogenetic events. Both bipolar and tripolar neurones occur. Three types of concentrations of nervous tissue are described: a) a high accumulation of nervous perikarya at the aboral sensory pole; b) a noticeable densification of the net along the eight meridional ciliary strands of every species, and around the lips of Beroidea; c) in the Cydippids Pleurobrachia and Hormiphora two thick strands of fibers and neurones interconnecting the aboral organ and the tentacles: the tentacular nerves. Ultrastructural evidence is given for the presence of nervous elements under and amidst ectodermal epithelial cells. Three features allow the recognition and characterization of neurites and neurones: a) numerous clear and/or granulated vesicles; b) microtubules in variable amounts; c) frequent and highly differentiated synaptic contacts. The very peculiar arrangement of the presynaptic elements is observed in all the species of Ctenophores so far studied. These synaptic contacts suggest chemical transmission in the nerve-net. On the basis of ultrastructural evidence the author refutes the nervous nature previously attributed to the ciliated cells of the meridional grooves. A parallel is drawn between nervous systems of Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307432
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence and electron microscopy of the monoamine-containing cells in the turtle heart (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 25-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart innervation (Turtle) ; Monomamine-containing cells ; Synapses ; Fluorescence and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fluorescence and electron microscopy of the turtle heart indicates the presence of monoamine-containing, granulated cells in the wall of venous sinus and near the openings of the aortic trunks. These cells occur in clusters and are always in association with nerve fibers and/or ganglion cells within the turtle heart. Vesiculated axon terminals make a synaptic contact with the cytolemma of the granulated cell which in turn makes a synapse to the processes from the other granulated cell and to the cardiac nerve fibers. The close contact occurs also between the granulated cell process and the smooth muscle cell membrane in the wall of large vessels. The granulated cell has no special relationship to the blood capillaries. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to nervous control of the cardiac activity of the turtle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307057
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of synapses in vitro between previously dissociated chick spinal cord neurons (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 203-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synapses ; Development ; Chick embryo ; Cell culture ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation and development of synaptic contacts between dissociated chick spinal cord neurons has been investigated. By the 6th day in vitro “immature” profiles with few vesicles were observed. By 14–18 days “mature” types with numerous vesicles were found, indistinguishable from those of newly hatched chick spinal cord. After this period degeneration occurred, and was especially marked in the post-synaptic element. Such degeneration could be postponed by the addition of small numbers of somatic muscle cells. The Kanaseki and Kadota (1969) technique was applied to the study of coated vesicles at various stages of synaptic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306695
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