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  • Articles  (11)
  • Autoradiography  (11)
  • Springer  (11)
  • 2020-2023
  • 1970-1974  (11)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1973  (11)
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • Springer  (11)
Years
  • 2020-2023
  • 1970-1974  (11)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Fetal ; Mandible
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des rats femelles reçoivent du45Ca ou du32P au 13ème et 18ème jour de la grossesse. Les coupes sériées des têtes de foetus sont étudiées par autoradiographie et par diverses méthodes histologiques pour déterminer la calcification. La détection la plus précoce de45Ca s'observe simultanément comme une réaction positive pour le calcium avec une des méthodes histologiques utilisées.32P est en évidence par les méthodes autoradiographiques un peu plus tard que le45Ca et sa présence coincide avec la réaction positive la plus précoce observée avec les autres méthodes histologiques utilisées. Les os de ces têtes foetales commencent à se calcifier selon un mode particulier commençant par la mandibule, puis l'os frontal et le maxillaire supérieur, suivis par les os nasaux, pariétaux et interpariétaux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Weibliche Ratten erhielten45Ca und32P zwischen dem 13.–18. Tag der Schwangerschaft. Zur Ermittlung der Verkalkung wurden Serienschnitte der Köpfe ihrer Feten mittels Autoradiographie sowie durch verschiedene histologische Methoden untersucht. Das erste Auftreten von45Ca war ebenfalls von einer positiven Calciumreaktion mittels einer der verwendeten histologischen Methoden begleitet.32P wurde in der Autoradiographie erst etwas später als45Ca festgestellt und dessen Nachweis deckte sich mit den ersten positiven Reaktonen aller anderen verwendeten histologischen Methoden. Die Knochen in diesen Fetusköpfen begannen in einer bestimmten Sequenz zu verkalken: zuerst der Unterkiefer, dann das Stirnbein und der Oberkiefer, dann das Nasenbein, die Parietal- und Interparietalknochen.
    Notes: Abstract Female rats were given45Ca or32P from 13 to 18 days of pegnancy. Serial sections from the heads of their fetuses were studied by autoradiography, as well as by several histological methods for assessing calcification. The earliest detection of45calcium occured at the same time as a positive reaction for calcium with one of the histological methods used.32P was not detectable by autoradiographic methods until somewhat later than45Ca, and its presence coincided with the earliest positive reaction with all of the other histological methods employed. The bones in these fetal heads began to calcify in a partcular sequence, the mandible first, then the frontal bone and maxilla, followed by the nasal, parietal and interparietal bones.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ ; Reissner's fibre ; Rana esculenta ; Light/Darkness ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of long daily photoperiods and of continuous darkness on the secretory activity of the subcommissural organ (SCO) and on the growth rate of Reissner's fibre (RF) in Rana esculenta was studied in winter. The amount of aldehyde-fuchsin (AF) positive material in the apical cell parts of the SCO is smaller in light-adapted than in darkness-adapted animals. Differences in incorporation rate of 35S-cysteine between the SCO of light-adapted and of darkness-adapted animals, however, are small. The conclusion must be that light/darkness conditions only slightly influence the secretory activity of the SCO cells of Rana esculenta. In agreement with this conclusion is the observation that RF grew only slightly faster in the light-adapted than in the darkness-adapted animals. Under the conditions used RF was completely renewed in about 3 to 4 days. Influences of temperature on the activity of the SCO have been observed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 179-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retino-preoptic pathway ; Optic tracts ; Rana temporaria ; Light microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The optic tracts and centres of optic terminals of Rana temporaria have been investigated with silver impregnation techniques after unilaterally cutting the optic nerve and autoradiographically after injection of a mixture of tritiated amino acids into the vitreous body of the left eye. The observations on the course of the optic tracts and on the optic terminals in the thalamus and optic tectum are to a great extent in agreement with those of other authors. The probability of a retino-preoptic pathway is supported by the detection of fibres running in dorsal direction in front of the place where the optic nerve penetrates the brain. In horizontal sections these fibres can be seen deviating from the optic tract, covering a short distance in frontal direction and then turning upward under an angle of about 90 degrees. They disappear between the ventral aldehyde-fuchsin positive cells of the preoptic nucleus. The ventral and median parts of the ipsilateral preoptic nucleus contain fragments of degenerated fibres. Autoradiographic data are also in favour of the presence of an ipsilateral retino-preoptic tract. After carefully counting the number of grains over left and right preoptic nucleus, it appeared that over the ventral and median parts of the left preoptic nucleus more grains occur than over the identical areas of the right one.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Rana temporaria ; Blinding ; Illumination ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of a long daily photoperiod and continuous darkness on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of blinded frogs was studied. In the preoptic nucleus no difference could be observed between the two groups of blinded frogs neither in the amount of incorporated 35S-cysteine nor in the amount of aldehydefuchsin positive material nor in the nuclear volume of the secretory cells. These results were compared with those of an experiment with intact frogs kept simultaneously under the same environmental conditions. It appeared that the activity of the dark-treated blinded group was enhanced compared with the activity of the dark-treated intact group while the light-treated blinded frogs showed a decrease in activity compared with the similarly treated intact animals. Likewise the influence of a long daily photoperiod on the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of unilaterally blinded frogs was studied. The activity of the preoptic nucleus was lower on the side where the optic nerve had been cut than on the intact side. In the dorsal part of the preoptic nucleus a difference between the two sides could not be observed. The significance of these results is discussed with regards to a possible connection between retina and preoptic nucleus.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Annelida ; Sexuality and Development ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während der sexuellen Entwicklung vonPlatynereis dumerilii steigt die Zahl der Neurone, die Merkmale einer sekretorischen Aktivität aufweisen, parallel zum Wachstum und zur Reifung der Keimzelle an. Die cytologische Differenzierung eines Neurons zur neurosekretorischen Zelle ist mit einer Steigerung der Synthese Cystin-haltigen Materials gegenüber konventionellen Neuronen gekoppelt. Neurosekretorische Zellen treten erstmals in Erscheinung, kurz bevor die Oocyten in die zweite Oogeniephase eintreten, während der die Vitellogenese abläuft. Aufgetragen gegen den Oocytendurchmesser ergibt die Zahl der Neurone, die sekretorisch aktiv werden und3H-Cystin inkorporieren, eine ansteigende Kurve. Die Kurve biegt auf ein Plateau, wenn die Oocyten eine kritische Größe erreichen. Diese Größe markiert jenes Entwicklungsstadium, von dem ab eine Enthirnung eine normale Reifung nicht mehr verhindert. Die Zahl synthetisch tätiger Neurone steight erneut an, wenn die Oocyten die kortikale Struktur des reifen Eies entwickeln. Das Maximum wird kurz vor der Metamorphose erreicht. Während der epitoken Umwandlung sinkt die synthetische Aktivität rasch ab, um im schwärmbereiten Tier gänzlich zum Stillstand zu kommen. In Tieren, die nach der kritischen Phase zur caudalen Regeneration veranlaßt werden, fällt die Zahl markierter neurosekretorischer Zellen auf ein Niveau ab, das für junge, „vorkritische“ Individuen charakteristisch ist. Entsprechend wird in jungen, vorkritischen Tieren, die erst wenige endokrine Neurone besitzen, die Differenzierung weiterer neurosekretorischer Zellen durch eine Regeneration nicht stimuliert. Der zeitliche Verlauf der synthetischen Aktivität im Zuge der Entwicklung und die durch eine Regeneration erzwungenen Veränderungen sind somit reziprok zur Aktivität des Gehirns in Bezug auf die Ausschüttung des Juvenilhormons. Die Hypothese wird zur Diskussion gestellt, die sinkende Produktion des Juvenilhormons werde von der steigenden Produktion eines antagonistischen neuroendokrinen Prinzips begleitet oder verursacht.
    Notes: Summary During sexual development ofPlatynereis dumerilii, the number of neurones exhibiting secretory activity rises in parallel with the growth and maturation of the germ cells. The cytological differentiation of neuroglandular properties is accompanied with an increased uptake of tritiated cystine. The first neurones developing the characteristics of secretory cells and incorporating cystine appear just before the oocytes enter the second growth phase which corresponds with vitellogenesis. When plotted against the oocyte diameter the number of labelled neurosecretory cells yields an ascending line, which becomes a plateau once the oocytes approach a critical size. This critical size defines the developmental stage beyond which decerebration does not prevent normal maturation. The neuronal synthetic activity rises again when the oocytes differentiate the cortical structure of ripe eggs. The curve displays its maximum slope at the onset of metamorphosis. During the epitokous transformation the synthetic activity decreases rapidly and is almost totally depressed when swarming is imminent. In animals induced to regenerate their posterior segments after they have passed the critical stage, the number of labelled neurosecretory cells becomes reduced to the precritical level. According to this, regeneration in young precritical animals containing only few endocrine neurones does not stimulate the development of further secretory neurones. Thus, the time course during maturation and the changes caused by regeneration are reciprocal to the activity of the brain with respect to the release of juvenile hormone. The question is thus raised as to whether the declining titer of juvenile hormone may be accompanied or caused by an increased production of an antagonistic principle related to maturation.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 491-500 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Pineal complex ; Rana esculenta ; Light/darkness ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary InRana esculenta the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system has been investigated in intact and blinded animals, after removal of the frontal organ and after elimination of the whole pineal complex. The results on intact and blinded animals are practically the same as those found earlier inRana temporaria. Light increases the activity of the preoptic nucleus, blinding changes the difference between light- and darkness-treated intact animals. Compared with the intact animals the other two groups (without frontal organ and without pineal complex) show a marked increase in incorporation of35S-cysteine in the preoptic nucleus. A difference between the animals without frontal organ and those without pineal complex, however, can hardly be observed. It follows that the absence of the frontal organ has the same influence on the preoptic nucleus as elimination of the whole pineal complex. In intact animals the influence of the frontal organ on the preoptic nucleus consists of an inhibition of neurosecretory activity as well under light as under darkness conditions. The enhanced synthesis of labelled material in the preoptic nucleus after removal of the frontal organ, results in a transport along the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract mainly to the outer zone of the median eminence and not to the posterior lobe.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 431-450 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle ; Frog ; Regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary From the 5th day up to the end of 3rd week following local crushing of the frog ventricle myocardium, ca. 13% of myocyte nuclei, in the vicinity of the damaged zone, were labelled after a single 3H-thymidine (3HTdr) injection, and 30–50% of these were labelled after repeated 3HTdr administration. The number of myocyte mitoses was maximal (ca. 1.3%) at the beginning of the 3rd week. The reactive proliferation of myocytes was accompanied by their “partial dedifferentiation”. This involved the nuclear euchromatic rearrangement, increase in size of nuclei and nucleoli, accumulation of the sarcoplasm rich in free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, hyperplasia of the Golgi apparatus, and the appearance of 80–100 Å in diameter cytofilaments. Electron microscope autoradiography has shown that all these changes may be more or less pronounced in myocytes incorporating 3HTdr. The myofibril ultrastructure was found to be unchanged during S phase. However, in the mitotically dividing myocytes, the majority of Z-disks were disintegrated resulting in progressive release of myofilament bundles. Both 3HTdr labelled and mitotic myocytes were anchored to the adjacent ones by desmosomes and intercalated disks. No free myoblasts were observed.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chloride cells ; Eel ; Gills ; Ionic transport ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons montré par une technique autoradiographique que les ions Cl− et Na+ sont concentrés dans les cellules à chlorure de la branchie d'anguille adaptée à l'eau de mer. La signification de cette accumulation ionique plus marquée vers le pôle apical de ces cellules a été discutée par rapport à l'excrétion branchiale de ces ions en eau de mer.
    Notes: Summary With an autoradiographic technique Cl− and Na+ ions have been shown to be localized in the chloride cells of sea water eel gills. The significance of this accumulation, more marked towards the apical pole of these cells, is discussed with regard to branchial excretion of these ions in sea water.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 409-430 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oocyte ; Honeybee ; Vitellogenesis ; Yolk pattern ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Oogenese der Bienenkönigin (Apis mellifica) kann in 6 Stadien eingeteilt werden. Proteinsynthese und Dottereinlagerung in der Oocyte werden autoradiographisch und mittels Trypanblau-Vitalfärbung untersucht. Euplasmatische Proteinsynthesen finden in allen Eifollikeln bis zum frühen Stadium 5 statt. Vitellogenese-aktiv sind nur die Oogenese-Stadien 3 und 4. Die pinocytäre Einschleusung dotterpflichtiger Haemolymphproteine ins Ooplasma nimmt etwa 20 min in Anspruch. 10 min später sind kleinste neugebildete Dotterkugeln in der äußersten Oocytenperipherie zu erkennen. Aus ihnen werden binnen 1 $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ —2 h große Dotterschollen von ca. 20 μm φ. Die Vitellogenese-Phase eines einzelnen Follikels dauert insgesamt 3 Tage. Dotterschollen werden nur im Bereich des freien Follikelepithels gebildet. Sie wandern einzeln ins zentrale Ooplasma ein, wo unterschiedlich alte Schollen durchmischt abgelagert werden. Dotterfrei bleibt ein Euplasmahof, der den Vorderpol des Eies markiert. Im Ooplasma und in den Nährzellen erfolgt sicher keine Synthese von Dottermaterial. Ein Beitrag der Follikelepithelzellen zur Dotterbildung kann nicht vollständig ausgeschlossen werden. Das zeitliche und räumliche Muster der Dottereinlagerung wird diskutiert unter Berücksichtigung der Determination der Oocyten-Achsen und der Präformation von ooplasmatischen Kontrollzentren für die frühe Embryogenese.
    Notes: Summary Oogenesis in the honeybee queen (Apis mellifica) can be divided into 6 developmental stages. By autoradiography and vital staining with trypan blue protein synthesis and yolk incorporation into the oocyte were studied. Euplasmic protein synthesis occurs in all egg follicles up to the early stage 5. Only the stages 3 and 4 are active in vitellogenesis. The resorption of vitellogenic haemolymph proteins by pinocytosis needs about 20 min. 10 min later very small newly formed yolk globules can be recognized in the outermost periphery of the oocyte. After 1 $${\raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em\lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$}}$$ —2 hrs large yolk platelets of ca. 20 μm in diameter arise from them. The whole vitellogenesis of a single follicle lasts 3 days. Yolk globules are formed only in the area of the free follicle epithelium. They migrate separately into the central ooplasm where yolk platelets of different age are deposited in a mixed pattern. An euplasmic halo remains free of yolk thus marking the anterior pole of the egg. It is shown that no yolk material is synthesized in the ooplasm and in the trophocytes. A contribution of the follicle epithelium to yolk formation can not totally be excluded. The temporal and spatial pattern of yolk deposition is discussed. The determination of the oocyte axis and the preformed ooplasmic reaction centers for early embryogenesis are considered.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Optic system (Teleosts) ; Gangliosides and Sialo-glycoproteins ; Site of synthesis ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einbau von intracranial sowie intraocular-appliziertem N-acetyl-3H-Mannosamin (N-Ac-3H-Man) in das optische System (Tectum opticum bzw. Tractus opticus) von Scardinius erythrophthalmus und Carassius carassius (cyprinidae, Telosteer) wurde autoradiographisch untersucht und mit dem Einbau von 3H-Histidin verglichen. 1. Intracranial appliziertes N-Ac-3H-Man wird im Tectum opticum in Glykoproteine und Ganglioside im Verhältnis von 2:1 eingebaut. 2. Die Synthese von Gangliosiden und Sialo-Glycoproteinen erfolgt im Nervengewebe im Gegensatz zu der von Proteinen ubiquitär, d. h. sowohl in den Perikaryen als auch in den Fasern. 3. Nach einseitiger intraocularer Applikation von N-Ac-3H-Man werden bereits nach 24 stündiger Inkorporationszeit ausschließlich die mit dem injizierten Auge zusammenhängenden Sehschichten (Stratum opticum) des kontralateralen Tectum opticum radioaktiv markiert. Im Zusammenhang mit ergänzenden biochemischen Analysen ergibt sich, daß die Radioaktivität niedermolekularer Aminozucker mit dem schnellen axonalen Transport (〉40 mm/d) zum Zwecke einer peripheren Gangliosid-Synthese im Tractus opticus proximo-distal verlagert wird.
    Notes: Summary The incorporation of intra-cranially and intra-ocularly injected (N-Ac-3H-Man) and 3H-histidine into the optic systems (optic tectum and optic tract) of Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Carassius carassius was investigated by means of autoradiography. 1. N-Ac-3H-Man injected intra-cranially, is incorporated into gangliosides and glycorproteins in a ratio of 1:2 in the optic tectum. 2. In nervous tissue gangliosides and sialo-glycoproteins are labeled ubiquitously, i.e. in the perikarya as well as in the fibers. 3. Following an intra-ocular injection of N-Ac-3H-Man and after an incorporation period of 24 hrs, only the optic layers in the contralateral optic tectum are labelled (gangliosides). Together with corresponding biochemical data, this shows, that in the optic tract radioactivity of low molecular amino sugars is transported proximo-distally by means of rapid axonal flow (〉40 mm/d), before the incorporation into high molecular compounds.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 309-317 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Prostaglandin E1 ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy ; Lipid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine whether or not prostaglandins enter adrenocortical parenchymal cells,3H-PGE1 was injected intravenously into rats. In histological preparations, grains denoting activity were noted in intracellular lipid droplets and nuclei and in sinusoids. At the fine structural level, activity was observed in lipid droplets, mitochondria, the agranular endoplasmic reticulum, nuclei and the plasma membrane. Biochemical lipid analyses of the adrenals revealed activity in the cholesterol and cholesterol ester fractions. Large amounts of unaltered3H-PGE1 and its degradation products were also present. Compared to the liver, the adrenal was more effective in degrading prostaglandin, when expressed on a weight basis. The possible roles of the organelles in PGE1 degradation and in prostaglandin-related hormone synthesis are discussed.
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