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  • Articles  (7)
  • Ependyma  (7)
  • Springer  (7)
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1973  (7)
  • Biology  (7)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
Collection
  • Articles  (7)
Publisher
  • Springer  (7)
Years
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (7)
  • 1945-1949
Year
Topic
  • Biology  (7)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
  • Medicine  (7)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fourth ventricle ; Human ; Ependyma ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the ultrastructural differences exhibited by the varigated ependymal lining of the near-term human fetal 4th ventricle. The central portion of the fourth ventricular floor, including the median sulcus is punctuated by numerous clumps of cilia. The density of cilia here is not as great as that described for other regions of the human cerebral ventricular system; accordingly, underlying substructure can be noted. There are distinct differences between ependymas that line the floor of the fourth ventricle with those of the adjacent area postrema. The latter region possesses not cilia, but instead exhibits a dense knap of microvilli. The ultra-architecture of the choroid plexus is relatively similar to that of other circumventricular organs with the exception that it possesses small isolated groups of cilia as well as microvilli. These findings are discussed with respect to the dynamics of local CSF movement and flow, ependymoabsorption and ependymosecretion
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 375-386 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subcommissural organ (rabbit) ; Ependyma ; Cell junctions ; Ruthenium red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tight junctions were found in the apical junctional complex of the adult rabbit subcommissural organ (SCO) in addition to zonulae adhaerentes and gap junctions of typical ependymal cells. Ventricular perfusion of ruthenium red before fixation was found to give excellent results for distinguishing between gap and tight junctions at the ependymal surface. The implication of tight junctions as a mechanical means of sealing off the SCO area from the cerebrospinal fluid and the use of ruthenium red as a tracer substance are discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 143 (1973), S. 527-534 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organon vasculosum laminae terminalis ; Rana temporaria ; Vascularization ; Monoaminergic structures ; Ependyma ; Fluorescence and light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Rana temporaria, the organon vasculosum laminae terminalis is a highly vascularized organ which contains catecholaminergic cells and nerve fibres. Its ependymal cells are characterized by the presence of typical autofluorescent cytoplasmic granules. Intraependymal vacuolar spaces are described.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 243-260 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Circumventricular organs ; Subfornical organ ; Ependyma ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ventrikeloberfläche des Subfornikalorgans im Kaninchenhirn wurde mit raster- und transmissionselektronenmikrospopischen Methoden untersucht. Der Ependym-Überzug besteht aus hexagonalen Zellen mit konvexen apikalen Flächen. Von der Mitte jeder Oberfläche ragt eine bis zu 6 μm lange solitäre Kinozilie in den Liquor. Ihr Umfang ist gewöhnlich durch die Auflagerung von perlschnurförmigen Sekretmassen verdickt. Das Mikrorelief des Subfornikalorgans wird durch Sekretionsvorgänge geprägt, die in den Liquor gerichtet sind. Es kommt zur Entleerung von “Riesenvakuolen”, die in Nervenzellen unter dem Ependym entstehen, zur Oberfläche wandern, hier hurch Druck das Ependym abflachen und sich schließlich in den Liquor entleeren, so daß kollabierte Ependym-und/oder Nervenzellhüllen auf der Oberfläche des Organs zurückbleiben; außerdem scheint sich eine Sekretion von mehr granulärem Material durch Ependymzellen abzuspielen.
    Notes: Summary The ventricular surface of the subfornical organ of the rabbit's brain was studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques. The ependymal covering was found to consist of hexagonal cells with convex apical surfaces. From the center of each cellular surface a single kinocilium up to 6 μm in length protrudes into the liquor. It is usually covered with secretory material having the shape of pearlstrings. The surface aspect of the subfornical organ suggests secretion into the liquor by emptying of giant vacuoles which originate below the ependyma in nerve cells, move towards the surface, develop pressure while flattening their ependymal cover and finally erupt, leaving collapsed ependyma- and/or nerve cells bag on the surface of the organ. A second mechanism of more granular secretion by ependymal cells appears possible.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 401-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Brain ventricles ; Rabbit ; Ependyma ; Circumventricular organs ; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Medial von den Kerngebieten der Nervi hypoglossus und vagus (Kaninchen) findet sich auf dem Boden des IV. Ventrikels im Bereich des Calamus scriptorius eine lange, apicocaudal orientierte Kinozilienschneise, die sich zum Zentralkanal hin pfeilspitzenartig einengt. In ihr steht eine Doppelreihe von insgesamt etwa 60 auf dem Ependym ruhenden oligodendrozytenartigen Gliazellen. Ihre wenigen horizontalen Fortsätze umscheiden nur unvollständig Bündel markloser Axone, deren Verlauf sich im lateralen Kinozilienrasen und im medial gelegenen Sekret des Subkommissuralorganes nicht weiter verfolgen ließ. Die Axone haben synaptischen Kontakt mit Ependymzellen. Supraependymale Nervenzellen wurden nicht beobachtet. Zahlreiche mitochondrienhaltige Endkolben finden sich zwischen den Gliazellen, im lateralen Teil der Schneise sowie vereinzelt im angrenzenden Kinozilienrasen. Die Kolben, Endorgane subependymal gelegener Zellen, haben fingerförmige Membranausstülpungen, tragen aber keine Synapsen und keine „Sinneszilie“.
    Notes: Summary Medial of the nuclei of the nervi hypoglossus and vagus (rabbit), on the floor of the 4th ventricle in its caudal section, a long apico-caudally oriented area free of koncilia is found. Its width decreases caudally, like an arrow pointing into the central canal. This area carries a double row of in total about 60 glia cells resembling oligodendrocytes, which rest on the ependyma. Their few blunt horizontal processes surround incompletely bundles of unmyelinated axons. The further course of these axons escaped detection both laterally (between the kinocilia) and medially (under a layer of granular secretion). The axons make synaptic contacts with the apical membranes of ependyma cells, but not with the glia cells. We did not find supraependymal nerve cells in this area. Numerous endbulbs filled with mitochondria occur between the glia cells and laterally up to the areas densely covered with kinocilia. The bulbs are end-organs of subependymal nerve cells and have fingerlike protrusions, but no synapses and no “sensory cilia”.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral ventricles ; Ependyma ; Sheep ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy of the third ventricle of sheep demonstrates areas of ciliated ependymal cells at the dorsal and middle third. The cilia of the dorsal portion of the ventricle have biconcave discs that are attached to each cilium by a slender stalk. The lower third and floor of the ventricular wall, as well as the pineal recess, are largely covered by ependymal cells that possess numerous microvilli with only a few isolated cilia scattered along cell surfaces. The infundibular recess is papillated with apical blebs of the ependymal cells that project into the lumen of the recess. Measurements of these surface elements indicate an average diameter of 0.28 μ for cilia, 0.10 μ for microvilli and 0.50 μ for the apical blebs of the infundibular recess. The functional significance of the regional differences in surface structures is discussed in relation to cerebrospinal fluid movement, ependymoabsorption and ependymosecretion.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 285-302 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ventricles ; Rabbit ; Ependyma ; Liquor cerebrospinalis ; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Netzwerk aus Axonen, Nervenzellen und Gliazellen breitet sich auf der Liquorseite der Ependymzellauskleidung der Apertura lateralis des Gehirns vom Kaninchen aus. Axone verschiedenen Kalibers treten durch das Ependym der Ventrikelwand und verlaufen zwischen den Kinozilien parallel zur Ventrikeloberfläche. Zum Teil verbleiben sie an der apikalen Oberfläche des Ependyms, zum Teil flottieren sie einzeln oder in Bündeln, die einander rechtwinklig kreuzen können, offenbar frei im Liquor. Die Axone zeigen Endkolben und spindelförmige Verdickungen ihres Querschnitts, die wegen ihres Reichtums an Mitochondrien für Rezeptoren gehalten werden können. An Stellen, an denen Axone einander oder Ependymzellen berühren, werden synapsenartige Strukturen gefunden. Die meisten Axone sind markscheidenfrei, werden aber teilweise von Gliazellen umscheidet, die die Mehrzahl der supraependymalen Zellen ausmachen. Wenige Nervenzellen — sie sind erheblich größer als die Gliazellen — haben Anteil an dieser Organisation.
    Notes: Summary A network of axons, nerve cells and glia cells exists on the liquor-side of the ependymal cell layer of the brain. Observations were confined to the lateral aperture of the 4th ventricle of the rabbit. Axons of various calibers pass through the ependymal coating of the ventricular wall and take a course between the kinocilia parallel to the ventricular surface. They are partly resting on the apical surface of the ependyma and partly in apparent free floatation in the liquor, running single, or in bundles which can cross each other at right angles. The axons show end bulbs and spindle shaped enlargements of their diameter. These enlargements are rich in mitochondria and may be receptors. At contact points between two axons or axons and ependymal cells synaptic structures occur. Most axons are free of myelin, but are partly engulfed by glia-cells which seem to represent the majority of supraependymal cell bodies. A few nerve cells—larger than the glia cells—participate in this organisation.
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