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  • Articles  (28)
  • Histochemistry  (18)
  • Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen  (10)
  • Springer  (28)
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (28)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1973  (28)
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  • Articles  (28)
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  • Springer  (28)
Years
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (28)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of histological methods for demonstrating calcification (1973)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Histochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Fetal ; Mandible
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des rats femelles reçoivent du45Ca ou du32P au 13ème et 18ème jour de la grossesse. Les coupes sériées des têtes de foetus sont étudiées par autoradiographie et par diverses méthodes histologiques pour déterminer la calcification. La détection la plus précoce de45Ca s'observe simultanément comme une réaction positive pour le calcium avec une des méthodes histologiques utilisées.32P est en évidence par les méthodes autoradiographiques un peu plus tard que le45Ca et sa présence coincide avec la réaction positive la plus précoce observée avec les autres méthodes histologiques utilisées. Les os de ces têtes foetales commencent à se calcifier selon un mode particulier commençant par la mandibule, puis l'os frontal et le maxillaire supérieur, suivis par les os nasaux, pariétaux et interpariétaux.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Weibliche Ratten erhielten45Ca und32P zwischen dem 13.–18. Tag der Schwangerschaft. Zur Ermittlung der Verkalkung wurden Serienschnitte der Köpfe ihrer Feten mittels Autoradiographie sowie durch verschiedene histologische Methoden untersucht. Das erste Auftreten von45Ca war ebenfalls von einer positiven Calciumreaktion mittels einer der verwendeten histologischen Methoden begleitet.32P wurde in der Autoradiographie erst etwas später als45Ca festgestellt und dessen Nachweis deckte sich mit den ersten positiven Reaktonen aller anderen verwendeten histologischen Methoden. Die Knochen in diesen Fetusköpfen begannen in einer bestimmten Sequenz zu verkalken: zuerst der Unterkiefer, dann das Stirnbein und der Oberkiefer, dann das Nasenbein, die Parietal- und Interparietalknochen.
    Notes: Abstract Female rats were given45Ca or32P from 13 to 18 days of pegnancy. Serial sections from the heads of their fetuses were studied by autoradiography, as well as by several histological methods for assessing calcification. The earliest detection of45calcium occured at the same time as a positive reaction for calcium with one of the histological methods used.32P was not detectable by autoradiographic methods until somewhat later than45Ca, and its presence coincided with the earliest positive reaction with all of the other histological methods employed. The bones in these fetal heads began to calcify in a partcular sequence, the mandible first, then the frontal bone and maxilla, followed by the nasal, parietal and interparietal bones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02013732
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphologic and histochemical study of biliary atresia in lamprey liver (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Lampetra ; Physiological biliary atresia ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A morphologic and histochemical study was carried out on the liver of larval and adult lampreys at the optical and electron microscopic level. In the larva the liver is composed of blind ending single cell thick tubules of hepatocytes. The tubular lumina provided with microvilli are morphologically comparable with the canalicular lumens of the higher species of animals. The cytoplasm of the hepatocytes contains numerous inclusions with heterogeneous appearance and crystalline material. The biliary system is composed of numerous bile ductules and ducts. In the adult lamprey, the biliary system has disappeared. The hepatocytes loose their tubular arrangement and the characteristic differentiation of their biliary pole. In contrast to previous reports in the literature the presence of bile pigment in the adult lamprey liver could not be demonstrated with any histochemical technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307681
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical studies on the morphology of the golgi apparatus and its relationship to catecholamine biosynthesis in the locus coeruleus of the rat (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 329-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Locus coeruleus (Rat) ; Neurons ; Golgi apparatus ; Catecholamine biosynthesis ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Detailed histochemical studies have been performed on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus (GA) by application of the thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) method (Novikoff and Goldfischer, 1961) to the neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) of normal and catecholamine biosynthesis inhibitors (fusaric acid and D, L-α-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester HCl) given adult healthy male Wistar strain rats. The neurons were classified into five categories on the basis of the morphology of the Golgi apparatus. The number of cells in individual categories was counted to evaluate the percentage of each category in the whole nucleus. The majority of cells belongs to Types II, III, and IV whose GA goes through cyclic activity, but the remaining neurons belong to Types I and V which may have a strong tendency to be different from the former in character. The latter neurons correspond formally with Types I and V of the rabbit LC, but they do not respond to the drugs administered. The rat LC is very similar to the dorsal vagal nucleus of the rabbit in regard to the dominant category. The present results indicate that the majority of the rat LC neurons may work vigorously and they may be motor neurons. Administration of the drugs caused reduction of TPPase activity, augmentation of disintegration and the budding-off process of the GA of Type IV, a decrease in the percentage of Type IV and an increase in that of Type II. Administration of 100 mg/kg fusaric acid caused maximal morphological change of the GA at the 90th minute; however, administration of 200 mg/kg fusaric acid showed more marked change of the GA, having two peaks and two valleys. The GA revealed much more intense reaction to D,L-α-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester HCl than to fusaric acid. The present results indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase may be the rate-limiting enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthesis. These noticeable changes of GA caused by administration of the drugs were completely restricted to the neurons of LC and the neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve did not show any morphological changes of the GA. These results strongly suggest that the GA of the rat LC neurons may have ability to synthesize catecholamine whereas the GA of the rat mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve may be completely devoid of this ability and that the role of the GA may be different depending on the anatomical regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations on the mucous secretory activity of the human gallbladder epithelium (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gallbladder (Human) ; Mucus secretion ; Reverse pinocytosis ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mucous secretory activity of the human gallbladder epithelium was investigated by light and electron microscopy and with histochemical techniques. There are two types of granules in the supranuclear region of the epithelial cells. The one low in density contains a fine filamentous material and gives a strongly positive silver methenamine reaction. The other is dense and only faintly positive. The granules of the former are considered to be mucous secretory granules and the granules of the latter may be lysosomes. PAS positive granules correspond presumably to both types of granules mentioned above. The mucous secretory granules are considered to be synthesized by the Golgi apparatus and the granular endoplasmic reticulum as has been confirmed in other mucous secretory cells. Their content is released from the cell by reverse pinocytosis. Typical goblet cells occur frequently in the fetal epithelium, but cannot be observed in the adult specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028388
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of succinate-, α-glycerophosphate-, NADH-, and NADPH dehydrogenases (tetrazolium reductases) in the hippocampal region of the rat during postnatal development (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 347-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampal region (rat) ; Distribution of dehydrogenases ; Postnatal development ; Histochemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Succinate-, α-glycerophosphate-, NADH-, and NADPH dehydrogenases (tetrazolium reductases) were studied histochemically in brain sections. The distribution of these enzymes in the hippocampal region was mapped in different postnatal stages. In addition to the hippocampus and the dentate area which have also been dealt with by other authors, the description includes the entorhinal area, parasubiculum, presubiculum, and subiculum. In all the areas of the hippocampal region the enzyme activity is first localized mainly in cell bodies. Activity in the neuropil shows a tendency to increase with age throughout the stages studied. Examples of particularly early or late differentiation of the histochemical pattern exist. Thus already after 4–6 days the differentiated staining pattern in the hippocampal layers as seen in the adult, begins to appear. In the entorhinal area the early enzyme distribution agrees with that in the adult and facilitates identification of its layers. After 22 days the fundamental enzyme chemoarchitectonics of the adult rat brain has been obtained. Histochemical characteristics of the different areas, support the view that the hippocampal region constitutes an entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal region of the rat during postnatal development (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 375-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hippocampal region (rat) ; AChE distribution ; Postnatal development ; Histochemistry ; Light microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampal region was studied histochemically in different postnatal stages. Enzyme changes are described for the hippocampus proper, the dentate area, the entorhinal area, parasubiculum, area retrosplenialis e, presubiculum, and subiculum. In 1 day old animals there are only traces of AChE in solitary perikarya of the hippocampal stratum radiatum, while there is no activity in the neuropil. This is in contrast to other regions of the brain, e.g. the corpus striatum and the medial septum. Enzyme activity in the neuropil, although very weak, is seen clearly on the 2nd day. While the enzyme reaction in some cell soma seems to be permanent and also present in adult rats, other cell bodies, e.g. in the entorhinal area lose AChE activity during the last part of the 2nd week and in the 3rd week. Similar observations have been made on other parts of the central nervous system. The main features of chemodifferentiation in the hippocampal region seem to be completed by the end of the third week, although most layers and areas have not yet achieved the same high staining intensity as seen in the adult rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307412
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 529-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Parathyroid hormone ; Lysosomes ; Bone resorption ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Young rats were treated with high doses of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Osteoclasts from these animals revealed characteristic alterations in comparison to control cells: a) The cytoplasm contained large vacuoles with phagocytosed cells, some of which resembled osteoblasts or osteocytes. The vacuoles were interpreted as lysosomes because the engulfed cells often appeared partly digested and the vacuoles contained acid phosphatase as demonstrated histochemically, b) lipid droplets were present in the cytoplasm and usually located close to the endoplasmic reticulum and/or in regions with many free ribosomes, c) the Golgi complex was more frequently separated from the nuclei than in control cells, d) small coated cytoplasmic bodies were numerous in the peripheral cytoplasm, e) the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were fused in some places, f) cytoplasmic regions with numerous free ribosomes were frequent, g) large ring-shaped granules occurred in some mitochondria. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of these granules provided evidence that they contained calcium and probably phosphorus, h) in some osteoclasts the mitochondria were enlarged. — The findings are consistent with an increased activity of osteoclasts and in particular a stimulation of the lysosomal system in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307123
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical demonstration of Δ5-3 ß-OHD activity in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles of immature and mature mice correlated with some ultrastructural observations (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 215-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary (mouse) ; Granulosa cells ; Steroidogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic study of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the granulosa cells of immature and mature mice was made. The histochemical results were compared with the ultrastructural findings on the same cells in an attempt to determine whether the granulosa cells are capable of a steroidogenic role. In newborn and immature mice the granulosa cells of a great amount of follicles demonstrated a moderate or strong histochemical activity. In mature mice the granulosa cells demonstrated a weak or moderate activity normally only in preovulatory follicles and in some other atretic follicles. The granulosa cells of the normal developing follicles did not show such activity. In addition the histological control of numerous parallel sections demonstrated particularly in immature ovaries the presence of a great amount of atretic follicles. In the cytoplasm of the granulosa cells of the follicles in immature ovaries only clusters of lipid droplets with ribosomes were noted; while in the preovulatory follicles of mature animals there started to appear mitochondria with tubular cristae, smooth membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and irregular lipid droplets. In the obviously atretic follicles several granulosa cells as well as theca interna cells showed numerous lipid droplets and ribosomes together with different degenerating organelles. The granulosa cells of the normal developing follicles showed a well developed Golgi complex, granular endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. The histochemical and ultrastructural findings suggest a steroidogenic role of the granulosa cells only in the larger preovulatory follicles (probably related to an early luteinization of this layer) but this role was not demonstrated in the same cells in normal developing follicles. In addition, since an histochemical positivity was demonstrated also in the granulosa cells of some obviously atretic follicles, it is possible that many of the follicles having granulosa cells filled with lipid droplets and attached ribosomes and histochemically positive might be, in the immature ovaries, in a very precocious stage of atresia. It is to precise for these cells whether a cytoplasm with these two strictly correlated components (lipid droplets and attached ribosomes) and showing an histochemical positivity could carry-on all the biochemical steps involved in steroid biosynthesis or only has only a temporary capability to produce some precursors of steroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307442
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of desiccation and starvation upon the weight, histology and ultrastructure of the reproductive tract of Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 229-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Reproductive tract ; Biomphalaria glabrata ; Desiccation ; Starvation metabolism ; Weighing experiments ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of desiccation (36 weeks), starvation (12 weeks) and recovery (4 weeks following 16 weeks of desiccation and 2 weeks following 9 weeks of starvation) upon the accessory sex glands and some other body parts of Biomphalaria glabrata were studied by means of weighing experiments and histochemical and ultrastructural methods. The results of the weighing experiments show that the various parts of the reproductive tract are not protected from involution processes during the adverse conditions, as some parts (the albumen gland, spermduct and prostate gland) showed a more pronounced decrease in weight than other body parts. Measurements of the epithelial heights of the accessory sex glands and ultrastructural observations corroborate the results of the weighing experiments. During the adverse conditions the organelles involved in the formation of the secretion granules (granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-apparatus) became involuted. The secretion granules within the cells of the albumen gland, spermduct and prostate gland were broken down by crinophagy. This latter process was less pronounced in the oviduct, muciparous gland, oöthecal gland, uterus and vagina. During the adverse conditions the lipoprotein producing cell types (mainly in the male part) remained active longer than the polysaccharide producing cell types (mainly in the female part). The significance of this observation is discussed. The amounts of glycogen present in most tissues of the reproductive tract and of the other investigated body parts (the foot, columellar muscle and vesicular connective tissue cells) were not apparently diminished, even when the secretory cells showed clear signs of involution, as a result of long periods of adverse conditions. Within the recovery periods 50% of the snails resumed egg production. During recovery the relative increases in weight of the accessory sex glands seemed to exceed that of other body parts, indicating that the restoration of the accessory sex glands is favoured. Histologically, reactivation of the accessory sex glands was apparent after 36–72 hours of recovery. At this time secretory material was again observed within the cisternae of the gland cell Golgi-bodies. Because reactivation is fairly rapid, a nervous or hormonal control of this process appears more likely than control via the general metabolism. The possible functions of various body organs in storing food reserve material is discussed, and it is concluded that the glycogen storing vesicular connective tissue cells (which occur throughout the whole body in the connective tissue) play a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and differentiation of fetal rat sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments in vitro (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nervous system ; Tissue culture ; Sheath cells ; Sensory end-organs ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fetal spinal ganglia and spinal cord segments with adhering spinal ganglia were explanted on collagen-coated coverslips. They were investigated with enzyme histochemical methods for the existence of hydrolases and dehydrogenases up to 54 days of cultivation. Alkaline phosphatase was located in arachnoid cells and in mantle cells (satellite cells). Butyrylcholinesterase and alpha-glycerophosphate-menadione-tetrazolium reductase were found in mantle cells. Acetylcholinesterase and indoxylesterase were active in the whole neuron; acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthylacetate esterase were restricted to the perikarya. During the process of cell differentiation in vitro alkaline phosphatase decreased in mantle cells. Acid phosphatase became diminished distinctly in spinal ganglion cells. The other neuronal enzymatic activities remained unaltered during the whole period of cultivation. Proliferated Schwann cells were conspicuous by their activity for butyrylcholinesterase. In newly formed myelin sheaths arylsulphatase was active. Lactate dehydrogenase was contained in the perineurium which had developed. Cultures of long duration could contain cytological formations which were reminiscent of sensory end-organs with respect to their enzyme patterns. The enzyme activities of nervous tissues in vitro in their approximation to the situation in situ are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307581
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topochemischer Nachweis von carbonylhaltigen Verbindungen im Thymus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 465-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit thymus ; Ketosteroids ; Granulated cells ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Topochemisch konnten im Kaninchenthymus Ketosteroide nachgewiesen werden, für deren Vorhandensein die chemische Analyse von Thymuslipidextrakten Hinweise ergeben hatte. Die Darstellung der Ketosteroide erfolgte mit der NAHD-Reaktion (Camber, 1949). Diese Befunde dürften als spezifisch gelten, da eine Verfälschung durch freie Gewebsaldehyde, Plasmalogene (Gomori, 1952) und Corticosteroide (Khanolkar et al., 1958) ausgeschlossen wurde. Mit Hilfe der Camber-Methode konnten Granula bestimmter Zellen des Kaninchenthymus selektiv dargestellt werden, die auf Grund morphologischer Kriterien in zwei Gruppen unterteilt wurden. Die Zellen liegen im gesamten Thymusparenchym sowie im Bindegewebe der Septen und der sogenannten „Kapsel“. Prädilektionsorte stellen die Umgebung der Hassallschen Körperchen, die Mark-Rinden-Grenze, der intra- und perivasale Raum sowie die subkapsuläre Zone dar. Beide Zellgruppen sind Sudan III-, PAS- und Eosin-positiv, besitzen eine ausgeprägte gelbgrüne Eigenfluoreszenz und können differentialdiagnostisch gegen Mastzellen abgegrenzt werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen beide Zellgruppen zahlreiche Übereinstimmungen mit Reifestadien eosinophiler Knochenmarkszellen.
    Notes: Summary Ketosteroids were demonstrated topochemically in the rabbit thymus following indications given by chemical analysis of thymus lipid extracts. They were revealed by means of the NAHD-reaction (Camber, 1949). The results are thought to be specific, because adulteration by free tissue aldehydes, plasmalogens (Gomori, 1952) and corticosteroids (Khanolkar et al., 1958) can be excluded. The Camber-method selectively reveals the presence of two groups of morphologically differentiable granules in specific rabbit thymus cells which are distributed throughout the entire thymic parenchyme as well as in the connective tissue of the septa and the in so-called “capsule”. They are mainly seen in the vicinity of Hassall's bodies, in the zone between medulla and cortex, the intra- and perivascular space and in the subcapsular space. Both cell groups are Sudan III-, PAS- and eosin-positive, show intensive yellow-green primary fluorescence and can be distinguished from mast cells by differential diagnosis. Electron microscopy reveals that both cell groups show many similarities with the maturation phase of bone marrow eosinophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306710
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Fine structure and innervation of the avian adrenal gland (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 389-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal chromaffin cells ; Ganglion cells ; Avian adrenal gland ; Light- and electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the adrenal gland of 15 bird species was investigated by light-, fluorescence-, and electron microscopy as well as by histochemical methods. 1. Adrenal Chromaffin Cells. Cells producing adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA) may be distinguished from each other with the electron microscope by the different structure of their granules. In all species investigated A-cells prevailed. Granules in A-cells of Corvidae, partly those of the other passeriform birds as well, resemble granules from the pituitary pars intermedia because of their incomplete membrane and the low electron density of their contents. A-cells of some passeriform birds have mitochondria with specifically arranged cristae. Large cytosomes and inclusions of lipofuscin pigment are to be found in the gulls Larus ridibundus and Larus argentatus. The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) show vacuoles filled with a colloid-like substance, which are surrounded by adrenal chromaffin cells. 2. Ganglion Cells. The adrenal gland of birds is rich in ganglion cells. Two types can be distinguished. “Large” ganglion cells resemble completely sympathetic nerve cells as described in many vertebrates. “Small” ganglion cells have a low nucleus-cytoplasm-ratio. Some of them include granules of various structure and quantity. Whether they represent transitional stages to adrenal cells, interneurons, P-neurons or a heterogeneous population remains to be clarified.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307164
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and innervation of the avian adrenal gland (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 417-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal chromaffin cells ; Birds ; Cholinergic innervation ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary According to their ultrastructure and histochemistry three types of efferent nerve fibers can be distinguished in the bird's adrenal gland. The main part is made up of cholinergic fibers recognizable by a positive reaction for acetylcholinesterase and two specific populations of granules within the synaptic ending. Synaptic vesicles measuring 300 to 500 Å in diameter and dense-cored vesicles with a diameter of about 1 000 Å are discernible. In the periphery of the gland cholinergic axons for the innervation of adrenal cells form large bundles surrounded by a perineural sheath. The bundles cross the capsule and are situated within the adrenal chromaffin cords or at their periphery. Finally small groups of fibers enter a group of chromaffin cells which are surrounded by a basal lamina and which consist of about a dozen or more cells producing adrenaline and noradrenaline. Synaptic endings occur, above all in passeriform species, in the center of a chromaffin cell complex. They are either attached to the innervated cells or their dendrite-like processes, or embedded into the cells, or connected to short spines of the innervated cells. Synaptic and dense-cored vesicles leave the bouton by exocytosis. One synaptic terminal may innervate up to three A- or NA-cells. The existence of different types of synapses for A- and NA-cells cannot be excluded.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307165
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektronenmikroskopische und histochemische Untersuchungen zur Funktion der Branchialdrüse (Parabranchialdrüse) der Cephalopoda (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 253-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Branchial gland ; Cephalopoda ; Fine structure ; Hemocyanin ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Branchialdrüse verschiedener Cephalopoden (Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Loligo vulgaris, Eledone moschata) zeigen, daß das Drüsengewebe des stark vaskularisierten Organs aus einem sekretorisch aktiven Zelltypus mit ausgeprägtem endoplasmatischen Retikulum besteht. In den Zisternen des endoplasmatischen Retikulums lassen sich granuläre und ringförmige Strukturen (Durchmesser: 45–65 Å und 170 Å) nachweisen, die in Größe und Gestalt mit den Hämocyanin-Einheiten in den Gefäßen und Lakunen übereinstimmen und durch randlichen Zerfall der Zellen in den Blutraum auszuwandern scheinen. Die histochemischen Untersuchungen ergeben eine positive Reaktion für Monoaminoxydase, aber vergleichsweise geringe Phosphatase- und Dehydrogenase-Aktivitäten. Diese Befunde sowie der histochemisch nachgewiesene hohe Kupfergehalt des Drüsengewebes sprechen für eine hämopoetische, d.h. hämocyaninbildende Funktion der Kiemendrüse.
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic investigations on the branchial gland of different Cephalopoda (Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Loligo vulgaris, Eledone moschata) show that the gland tissue, strongly vascularized, consists of an actively secreting cell type with a remarkable endoplasmatic reticulum. In the cisternae of the endoplasmatic reticulum granular and ring-shaped structures can be identified (diameter: 45–65 Å and 170 Å) which correspond in size and shape with the hemocyanin units in the vessels and lacunae and which seem to emigrate into the blood space caused by the peripheral decay of the cells. Histochemical investigations show a positive reaction for monoaminoxidase, but comparatively low phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities. These results, and also the high content of histochemically identified copper in the gland tissue, seem to indicate a hemopoetic, i.e. hemocyanin-forming function for the branchial gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306525
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    The distribution of monoamines in the tel-, di-and mesencephalon of Xenopus laevis tadpoles, with special reference to the hypothalamo-hypophysial system (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 521-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Xenopus laevis, tadpoles ; Monoamines ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In tadpoles of Xenopus laevis the histochemical distribution of monoamines in the tel-, di- and mesencephalon was studied. Catecholamines are present in some mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, the neurons of the preoptic recess organ (PRO), the neurons of the paraventricular organ (PVO) and cells in the vicinity of the PVO, namely the so-called PVO-accompanying cells, the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID) and in the nucleus reticularis mesencephali (NRM). The PRO, PVO, and NID are composed of liquor-contacting neurons. With the Falck-technique, in the PVO and NID two types of fluorescent cells were observed: green cells, containing a catecholamine and yellow-orange cells, presumably containing a tryptamine. Tryptaminergic neurons occur in the NRM and in the area of the raphe nucleus. Extensive tracts of fluorescent fibres originating in the hindbrain ascend to the area praeoptica and the septum, striatum and epistriatum of the telencephalon. Also, fibre connections could be traced from the PVO to the area praeoptica, to the thalamus and to the nucleus ventromedialis tuberis. The PVO and/or NID give rise to a catecholaminergic tract running towards the hypophysis. Fibres of this tract partly terminate in the developing median eminence and partly in the pars intermedia. Experimental data indicate that the aminergic fibres in the pars intermedia exert an inhibitory influence on MSH-release.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307228
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    Cholinesterase-containing nerve fibres on blood vessels in lungs of some laboratory mammals (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 140 (1973), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pulmonary and bronchial vessels ; Laboratory mammals ; Cholinesterase-containing nerve fibres ; Species differences ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of cholinesterase-containing nerve fibres on blood vessels in the lungs of rats, mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, and rhesus monkeys has been studied with the thiocholine method modified by Coupland and Holmes and with the “direct-coloring” method according to Karnovsky and Roots. The presence of acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibres on the pulmonary arteries has been established only in four species of the studied animals, namely the cat, the dog, the rhesus monkey and the rabbit. These nerves form d distinct plexus on the border between the media and adventitia. In the thick walled perihilar branches of the pulmonary artery of the rabbit the nerve fibres penetrate—as a rule—into the outer half of the media. Despite many times repeated experiments and careful investigations no nerve fibres have been found on the intrapulmonary branches of the blood vessels in the lungs of rats, mice, and guinea pigs. In the walls of the pulmonary veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins in the rat and the mouse, cholinesterase fibres have been identified only seldom. Acetylcholinesterase nerve fibres in medio-adventitial localization have also been found in the walls of bronchial arterioles, this being the case in all the species under study. Bronchial veins do not exhibit any nerve fibres. The distribution of the acetylcholinesterase-containing nerve fibres on the pulmonary arteries is different from species to species.
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  • 17
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    Aspects histologique, histochimique et ultrastructural des péricaryones neurosécréteurs latéraux du protocérébron de Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Insecte: Orthoptère) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 75-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory cells ; Lateral ; Locust ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude histologique, histochimique et ultrastructurale des péricaryones neurosécréteurs latéraux de Locusta précise leur nombre et leur localisation. Elle révèle que le neurosécrétat latéral est semblable morphologiquement (forme et diamètre des granules élémentaires) au neurosécrétat A de la pars intercerebralis. Cependant, il en diffère histochimiquement par la présence d'une composante glucidique. Elle confirme l'hypothèse émise pour les péricaryones neurosécréteurs de la pars intercerebralis (Girardie et Girardie, 1967), de l'unicité cellulaire chez Locusta des types A et B selon la nomenclature de Johansson (1958). Elle suggère que les péricaryones latéraux pourraient être des cellules neurosécrétrices très actives.
    Notes: Summary The number (8 to 12) and position of the lateral neurosecretory cells have been established in Locusta by a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study. The neurosecretory material of the lateral cells contains glycoprotein and is, in this way, histochemically different from medial A cells neurosecretory material. However, the morphological aspect (shape, diameter) of elementary dense core vesicles in the lateral and medial A neurosecretory cells is similar. This study confirms the idea (Girardie and Girardie, 1967) that, in Locusta, A cells and B cells (Johansson, 1958) are in fact two physiological aspects of one cell type. It also suggests that the lateral cells could be very active neurosecretory cells.
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    Parasympathetic and sympathetic postganglionic synapses in ureterovesical autonomic pathways (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripheral autonomic innervation ; Ureterovesical ganglia ; Parasympathetic postganglionic synapse ; Sympathetic postganglionic synapse ; Denervated bladder ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Catecholamine ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histochemical techniques for acetylcholinesterase and catecholamine show that ureterovesical ganglia of both cat and dog contain dense intraganglionic cholinergic and adrenergic plexuses. Ramifications of both plexuses surround most cholinergic and adrenergic ganglion cell bodies as pericellular synaptic plexuses. Similar pericellular plexuses exist around extraganglionic cholinergic and adrenergic ganglion cells. Both adrenergic and cholinergic synaptic fibers persist in denervated pregnaglionic nerve-free specimens, indicating that cholinergic synaptic fibers are postganglionic parasympathetic in nature. The presence of adrenergic (postganglionic sympathetic) and postganglionic parasympathetic synapses around cell bodies in ureterovesical ganglia provides a morphologic basis for the sympathoinhibitory and muscarinic parasympatho-excitatory phenomena described in these ganglia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307343
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  • 19
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    Bestimmung des Urangehaltes von Erzproben durch Neutronenaktivierung (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 108-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran in Erzen ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur aktivierungsanalytischen Bestimmung von Uran in Erzen werden die Proben 5 h bei einer Neutronenflußdichte von 5,4 · 109 s−1 cm−2 bestrahlt und nach 48 h die Aktivität γ-spektroskopisch mit Hilfe eines Ge-Li-Detektors gemessen. Zur Messung dienten die 228 und 277 keV-Gammalinien von Np-239. Die Ergebnisse zeigen gute Übereinstimmung mit den nach anderen Methoden erhaltenen.
    Notes: Abstract The samples are activated within 5 h by a neutron flux of 5.4×109 sec−1×cm−2. After 48 h the activity is measured by γ-spectroscopy employing a Ge-Li detector. The 228 and 277 keV γ-lines of Np-239 are used for the determination. The agreement of the results with those obtained by other methods is good.
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  • 20
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    Instrumentelle Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse von Gesteinen am Beispiel von 7 Standardgesteinen des US Geological Survey (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 100-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Gesteinen ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; US-Standardgesteine als Multielementstandards
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe instrumenteller Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse wurden in den Standardgesteinen G-2, GSP-1, AGV-1, PCC-1, DTS-1, BCR-1 und W-1 des US Geological Survey die Elemente Sc, Cr, Co, Rb, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta und Th bestimmt und mit den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren verglichen. Die Gesteinsstandards sind bezüglich ihrer Spurenelementverteilung hinreichend homogen, um bei der Analyse von geologischem Material in den meisten Fällen als Multielementstandards verwendet werden zu können.
    Notes: Abstract By means of instrumental neutron-activation analysis the elements Sc, Cr, Co, Rb, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, and Th were determined in the standard rocks G-2, GSP-1, AGV-1, PCC-1, DTS-1, BCR-1, and W-1 of the US Geological Survey. The results were compared with those of other authors. These standard rocks are sufficiently homogeneous, as regards their trace element distribution, to be used as multielement standards in most analyses of geological material.
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  • 21
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    Determination of rare earth element distribution patterns in rocks and minerals by neutron-activation analysis (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Seltenen Erden in Gesteinen und Mineralien ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A routine procedure for determining eleven of the fourteen naturally occurring rare earth elements (REE) in rocks and minerals is described. Following thermal neutron activation the samples are decomposed, in the presence of REE carriers, by fusion with Na2O2. The REE are separated as a group using a gel removal technique for silica and a conventional hydroxide-fluoride cycle. The REE concentrates are then counted with a high resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer system. Chemical yields are determined by reirradiation and counting of the carrier. The high precision and accuracy of the technique have been proven through replicate analyses and through analyses of the U.S. Geological Survey standard rock, W-1. The technique, with slight modifications, has been tested to date on more than a hundred rock and mineral samples. Experience has shown that the eleven REE determined by this technique more than adequately describe the total distribution patterns for the REE in naturally occurring samples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Routineverfahren für die Bestimmung von 11 Elementen der Seltenen Erden in natürlich vorkommenden Mineralien und Gesteinen wird beschrieben. Die Proben werden mit thermischen Neutronen bestrahlt und anschließend die Substanzen nach Zusatz von Trägerelementen (Seltene Erden) mit, Na2O2 aufgeschlossen. Die Seltenen Erden werden dann als Gruppe mittels eines Hydroxid-Fluorid-Trennverfahrens isoliert. Silicium wird als Gel abgetrennt. Die Messung der Aktivitäten in den Lanthanidenkonzentraten erfolgt mit einer Ge(Li) Gamma-Spektrometer-Meßanordnung hoher Auflösung. Die bei der chemischen Abtrennung der Seltenen Erden erzielte Ausbeute wird anschließend durch Bestrahlung der Anreicherungsprodukte und Messung der Aktivitäten der Trägerelemente bestimmt. Die Reproduzierbarkeit und Genauigkeit der Methode wurde durch die mehrfache Analysierung bestimmter Proben und von Standardgesteinen (z.B. W-1) geprüft. Mit leichten Änderungen wurde das Verfahren an über 100 Gesteins- und Mineralproben erprobt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß mit den 11 durch Neutronenaktivierung quantitativ bestimmten Seltenen Erden die Verteilung dieser Elementgruppe in natürlich vorkommenden Mineralien und Gesteinen hinreichend gut beschrieben werden kann.
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    Abtrennung von Na, K und P mit Hilfe anorganischer Separatoren bei der Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse von biologischem Material (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 110-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Abtrenn, von Natrium, Kalium, Phosphor ; von Biolog. Material ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; anorg. Separatoren ; Verwendung von Antimonpentoxid ; zur Abtrenn, von Na aus Biolog. Material ; Verwendung von Zirkoniumphosphat ; zur Abtrenn, von P aus Biolog. Material ; Verwendung von Titanphosphat ; zur Abtrenn, von K aus Biolog. Material
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Entfernung hochaktiver Komponenten aus neutronenaktivierten biologischen Proben wurden 2 Sorptionsprozesse eingehender untersucht. Zur Abtrennung von 24Na wurde unterschiedlich hergestelltes „Hydratisiertes Antimon Pentoxid“ (HAP), für die Abtrennung von 32P Zirkoniumphosphat (ZP) getestet. Für die Abtrennung von 42K wurden handelsübliche Titanphosphatpräparate (TiP) benutzt. Aufgrund der Sorptionsversuche und einiger physiko-chemischer Eigenschaften der Präparate wurden die Parameter zur Herstellung und Anwendung dieser Substanzen optimiert. Durch kombinierte Anwendung von HAP, ZP und TiP waren bei den gewählten Arbeitsbedingungen, z. B. bei aktivierten Kartoffelproben, keine dieser 3 störenden Komponenten nachweisbar. Eine halbautomatische Trennapparatur wurde konstruiert, welche aus folgenden Hauptteilen besteht: Destillationsapparatur, Sorptionskolonne, Ionenaustauschersäule, GradientelutionsAufsatz, elektropneumatische Ventile und Fraktionssammler. Die Aufarbeitung der Probe erfolgt ferngesteuert, der Zeitbedarf beträgt ca. 7 h.
    Notes: Abstract Two sorption processes for the removal of the matrix activity of neutron activated biological samples were investigated in detail. “Hydrated Antimony Pentoxide” (HAP), prepared by various methods, was applied to remove the 24Na, while zirconium phosphate (ZP) was used for the removal of 32P. Commercially available (S.E.R.A.I.) titanium phosphate (TiP) was applied for the retention of 42K. The optimal conditions for preparation and application of these substances were determined by investigation of the sorption parameters and of some physico-chemical properties. Applying the sorption materials HAP, ZP, and TiP under the chosen working conditions, none of the three disturbing activities could be detected in neutron irradiated potato samples. A semiautomatic apparatus was constructed for the dissolution and chemical processing of the irradiated materials, the main parts of which are the following: distillation apparatus, sorption column, ion-exchange column, gradient-elution system, electropneumatical valves, and a fraction collector. The entire chemical processing is carried out by remote control, the time requirement is about 7 h.
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    Neutronenaktivierungsanalytische Bestimmungen von Quecksilbergehalten in diversen Fischproben und anderen biologischen Materialien (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 116-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Quecksilber in Biolog. Material, Fisch ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Quecksilbergehlte in verschiedenartigen Fischproben und anderen biologischen Materialien wurden durch die Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse über das Hg-197 bestimmt. Ein in der Literatur beschriebenes Verfahren diente unter Ausnutzung der Flüchtigkeit von Quecksilber(II)-chlorid und der leichten elektrolytischen Abscheidbarkeit des Quecksilbermetalls der unumgänglichen Isolierung der Quecksilberaktivität. Die durch diese Methode nicht bewirkte, jedoch notwendige Abtrennung vom gewöhnlich anwesenden Au-198 wurde durch Verflüchtigung des Quecksilbers als Metall erreicht. Bedenklich hohe Gehalte an Quecksilber ließen sich in einigen japanischen Thunfischkonserven sowie in Weißfischen des Rheins nachweisen.
    Notes: Abstract Mercury contents in diverse samples of fish and other biological materials have been determined by neutron-activation analysis measuring the activity of Hg-197. A method described in literature was used for the indispensable separation of the mercury activity utilizing the volatility of HgCl2 and the low electric potential of deposition of mercury metal. The also required, by this method however not effected separation of Au-198 usually found in the irradiated materials was accomplished by volatilisation of the mercury metal at 850° C. Seriously high contents of mercury were found in some samples of Japanese canned tuna and in whitefish of Rhine river.
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    Neutronenselbstabsorption in der Aktivierungsanalyse (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 263 (1973), S. 194-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; Untersuchung der Neutronenselbstabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurden Modellvorstellungen zur Abschätzung des Einflusses der Selbstabschirmung bei der Bestrahlung mit Neutronen entwickelt. Die genaue Durcharbeitung der Parabelapproximation erlaubt es, den Effekt der Neutronenflußdepression quantitativ zu erfassen, so daß ihr Einfluß in der Praxis der Aktivierungsanalyse berücksichtigt werden kann. Ein Vergleich der vorhegenden Resultate mit Ergebnissen anderer Arbeiten auf praktischem Gebiet zeigt eine sehr gute quantitative Übereinstimmung. Die angegebenen Gleichungen, Diagramme und Tabellen ermöglichen eine Bestimmung der maximalen Flußdepression für jedes praktisch vorkommende Bestrahlungsmaterial mit annähernd bekannter Zusammensetzung.
    Notes: Abstract Models have been developed for the estimation of the influence of self-absorption in the irradiation with neutrons. A parabolic approximation permits the determination of the effect of neutron flux depression, so that its influence in practical activation analysis can be taken account of. Comparison with the results of other workers shows good agreement. The maximum flux depression can be determined by means of the equations, diagrams and tables for any usual material with approximately known composition.
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  • 25
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    Non-destructive neutron activation determination of uranium by the 106 KeV-γ-Peak of neptunium-239 (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 266 (1973), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Uran ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; 106 KeV-γ-Strahlung von Np-239, Einfluß Seltener Erden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The interfering effect of the γ-radiation of radioactive isotopes of the rare earths on the non-destructive neutron activation analysis of μg amounts of uranium, using the 106 KeV-γ-line of 239Np and NaI (Tl). detector, is estimated. The errors introduced by the interfering isotope in the analysis of uranium, are determined as a function of the ratio of the concentration in the sample of the interfering element and uranium. In addition, the possibilities of determining the quantitative effect of these elements are described. The use of the proposed method is demonstrated by the analysis of some geological samples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird die Störung bestimmt, die die γ-Strahlung der radioaktiven Isotope Seltener Erden bei der zerstörungsfreien Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse von Mikrogramm-Mengen Uran über die 106 KeV-γ-Linie des 239Np mit Hilfe eines NaJ(Tl)-Detektors hervorrufen kann. Die Fehler in der Analyse von Uran, die das Störisotop verursachen kann, werden als Funktion des Verhältnisses der Konzentration des Störelements zu der des Urans in der Probe bestimmt. Es werden Möglichkeiten beschrieben, den Einfluß störender Elemente quantitativ zu erfassen. Die Brauchbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Methode wurde durch Analyse einiger geologischer Objekte bewiesen.
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    Bestimmung von Platin in borhaltigen Gläsern mit Hilfe der Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 122-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Platin in Glas ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; Erfassung bis 0,1 ppm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Aktivierungsanalyse ist die einzige Methode, mit der Platinmengen im Konzentrationsbereich unter 1 ppm erfaßt werden können. Wegen der hohen Aktivität der Matrix erfolgte die Bestimmung über 199Au, das Tochterprodukt des 31 min 199Pt, das mit seiner Halbwertszeit von 3,15 d ausreichend Zeit für eine chemische Abtrennung bietet. Ein Verfahren, das mit tragbarem Zeitaufwand den Aufschluß des Glases und die Abtrennung des Goldes ermöglicht, wurde ausgearbeitet. Da die hohen Borgehalte vieler Gläser eine starke Neutronenselbstabschirmung bedingen, wurde der Einfluß der Selbstabschirmung in Abhängigkeit von Matrix und Borgehalt sowie die Möglichkeit zu ihrer Verminderung untersucht. — Nach dem beschriebenen Verfahren konnten Platingehalte bis zu 0,1 ppm erfaßt werden.
    Notes: Abstract Neutron activation analysis is the only analytical method allowing the determination of platinum in the concentration range below 1 ppm. Because of the high activity of the matrix the determination was done via the daughter product of 31 min 199Pt, 199Au which due to its half-life of 3.15 d can be chemically separated. A procedure for acid decomposition of the glass and chemical separation of the gold was worked out, which can be performed within a reasonable time. As the boron content of many glasses causes a high neutron self-shielding, the self-shielding effect as a function of the matrix and the boron concentration was investigated. A procedure to reduce the self-shielding effect was also developed. Using the procedure described platinum concentrations down to 0.1 ppm could be determined.
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    Spurenelementbestimmung in Luftstaubproben mittels Neutronenaktivierung (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Elementen in Luft ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; Spurenanalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse kann zur Bestimmung von Spurenelementen in Luftstaubproben auch bei Sammelzeiten von nur wenigen Stunden vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. Für die Sammeltechnik haben sich Cellulose-Papierfilter als besonders spurenarm erwiesen. Für die meisten Elemente sind die Abscheidegrade befriedigend. In einer Reaktor-Kurzzeitbestrahlung von ca. 1 min können die Elemente Se, V, Al, Mg, Br, Cl, In, Mn, in einer nachgeschalteten Langzeitbestrahlung von ca. 1 Tag die Elemente Na, K, Cu, As, W, La, Cd, Au, Sb, Sm, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cr, Sc quantitativ analysiert werden. Im Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe und an der Autobahn Karlsruhe—Bruchsal wurden Luftstaubkonzentrationen für die Elemente Se, V, Br, Mn, Cu, As, Zn, Fe, Co ermittelt. Erhöhte Werte an der Autobahn wurden lediglich für Brom gefunden. Blei, mit Atomabsorption bestimmt, verhält sich analog wie Brom.
    Notes: Abstract Neutron activation analysis can be applied to the determination of trace elements in airborn dust samples with great advantage, even if the collection time is only a few hours. Cellulose paper filters for collection have proved to contain a particularly small amount of trace elements. Filter efficiencies are satisfactory for most elements. In a short-time irradiation of approximately 1 min in a reactor the elements Se, V, Al, Mg, Br, Cl, In, Mn can be analyzed quantitatively; in a subsequent long-time irradiation of approximately 1 day, Na, K, Cu, As, W, La, Cd, Au, Sb, Sm, Ca, Fe, Co, Zn, Cr, Sc can be analyzed quantitatively. Airborne dust concentrations for the elements Se, V, Br, Mn, Cu, As, Zn, Fe, Co were determined at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and close to the motorway between Karlsruhe and Bruchsal. Increased values close to the motorway were encountered only for bromine. Lead as determined by atomic absorption behaves like bromine.
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  • 28
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    Spurenelementbestimmung in verschiedenen natürlichen Wasserproben mittels Neutronen-Aktivierungsanalyse (1973)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Antimon, Arsen, Cadmium, Kupfer, Quecksilber, Zink in Wasser ; Aktivierungsanalyse, Neutronen ; Spurenanalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Als Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war festzustellen, ob die Neutronen-Aktivierungs-analyse als Methode für eine routinemäßige Überwachung von Trinkwasserproben geeignet ist. Untersucht wurden Wasserproben von Wasserwerken des Gebietes Südbaden auf den Gehalt der Elemente As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Sb und Zn. Die Wasserproben wurden vor der Bestrahlung gefriergetrocknet. Mit Ausnahme des Cu, bei dem das die Messung störende Na durch einfache chemische Trennung entfernt wurde, konnten die Proben direkt nach der Bestrahlung gemessen werden. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit den Richtlinien der WHO verglichen. In 2 Fällen wurden diese Konzentrationen erheblich überschritten. Eine Aufstellung der aufgetretenen Kosten wird vorgenommen.
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the presented paper is to determine the capability of neutron activation analysis as a routine control of drinking water. Water samples of waterworks in an area of Southern Germany have been analysed in respect to the content of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Sb und Zn. The samples were freeze-dried before irradition. The disturbing Na-24 content has been removed by ion-exchange in the case of Cu, while the other elements have been measured directly. The results are compared with the tentative limits for drinking water suggested by the WHO. The corresponding element concentrations exceeded in two cases significantly these limits. The cost of water analysis by neutron activation is calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425300
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