ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (3,359)
  • Springer  (3,359)
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (3,359)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1974  (1,597)
  • 1973  (1,762)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (3,059)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (300)
Collection
  • Articles  (3,359)
Years
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (3,359)
  • 1945-1949
Year
Journal
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 323-334 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Three uses of critical thought experiments outlined in the paper are related to general questions of evaluation. A proposal offered by Karl Popper concerning the so-called “apologetic” use ofGedankenexperimente is critically assessed. Specifically, his methodological principle that one should not use a second theory in order to defend a first theory against a critical thought experiment is discussed with reference to the photon-boxGedankenexperiment (Einstein-Bohr debates) and the Maxwell-demon paradox. It is argued that the rescuing of one theory from conceptual anomaly by appealing to another need not constitute a misuse of a critical thought experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 380-409 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 147-164 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Norwegian philosophy of science right after the war was empiricistic, scientistic, rather undogmatic and heavily dominated by Arne Næss. The positivistic conception of science has been severely criticized in the last two decades, and the attempts to find viable alternatives have led to a broadening of the perspective, philosophically as well as scientifically. This survey tries to map the main lines of that development. After an account of the rise and fall of Næss' programme for a behaviouristic theory of science, we outline first the development of the internal philosophical critique and then the parallel story on the social science scene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 108-132 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The meta-scientific investigation of the various kinds of influence which determine both the establishment of the cultural institution of science and criteria governing its internal operations, including criteria of the concepts of cognition has been termed by Professor Jürgen Habermas as the critical theory of science. The five-fold thesis of his theory treats of what he considers to be the extrascientific interests which determine and accompany our traditional concepts of knowledge as characterized by science. The development of the theses is preceded by his analysis of the faults of “positivist methodology” in which, he argues, distinctions such as that between facts and values are based upon fundamental confusions concerning inerradicable and pervasive practical concerns in terms of which the concepts of cognition are ultimately founded. He identifies the three all-embracing knowledge-guiding interests or concerns as the cognitive interest which determines logical and empirical categories, the practical interest which determines the character of human understanding within the cultural sciences, and the emancipatory interest which determines our concept for freedom and autonomy. The arguments for the critical theory are here analyzed and criticized in terms of their logical shortcomings, while the claims made in favor of the critical theory are found to be based upon inerradicable and pervaisive confusions concerning logical consistency in argumentation. The final section summarizes, moralizes, and speculates upon the criticalness of the critical theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 203-223 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es soll die Aufgabe dieses Beitrages sein, die Verflechtungen, welche diese Regeln mit bestimmten Entscheidungen des Denkens haben, an Hand von Descartes' System aufzudecken und dabei so etwas wie eine philosophische Begründung dieses Denkstils in seiner noch aktuellen Funktion vorzuführen. Es soll damit zugleich die Situation erhellt werden, in der wir uns durch die wissenschaftliche Technik befinden, und schließlich soll angedeutet werden, welche Aufgaben für das Verhalten aus solehen Entscheidungen unserem Bewußtsein erwachsen sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 313-322 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den apriorischen Formen und Begriffen des Verstandes wird das aufzudecken gesucht, was außer dem Erlebnisgegebenen in die Erkenntnis noch hinzutritt. Es sind in Wahrheit die Konstruktionen. Die Erfahrung, besser das Erlebnisgegebene, bildet die Grundlage für ihre Aufstellung und für die Begründung ihrer Giltigkeit. Es ist der Empirismus, nicht der Sensualismus, aber ein konstruktiver Empirismus, der die Erkenntnis der Wirklichkeit ergibt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 345-355 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Deontisch logische Systeme im engeren Sinne sind nicht axiologisch. Um aber auch axiologisch relevante Rahmen-Normen aufstellen und angeben zu können, kommt es wesentlich auf die Art der verwendeten Formalismen an. Wie ein Beispiel zeigt, geht dies bis in die Voraussetzungen des zugrundegelegten Logikkalküls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 54-73 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Hermeneutik und Wissenschaftstheorie, die von unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen ausgehen, konvergieren in ihrer Bemühung um die Sprache. Der universale Anspruch der Hermeneutik kann aber nicht sprachphilosophisch begründet werden, sondern liegt auf der Ebene einer Metatheorie der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit überhaupt. Diese Ebene ist von den positiven Wissenschaften aus, durch die in ihnen ansetzende hermeneutische Reflexion zu erreichen. Wird diese Reflexion von den historischen Geisteswissenschaften aus angestellt, zeigt sich für die Wissenschaften überhaupt, daß ihr Wirkungsfeld gesellschaftlich-geschichtlich strukturiert ist. Im Anschluß an die Kantische Erkenntnistheorie lassen sich allgemeine Erkenntnisprinzipien gewinnen, die den gemeinsamen Boden wissenschaftlicher Tätigkeit und außerwissenschaftlicher individueller und gesellschaftlicher Lebenspraxis bestimmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 124-135 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. i 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 25-40 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Puzzle-solving, like several other everyday activities, appears in a more sophisticated and ramified form in the realm of natural science. Improving on Thomas Kuhn's rudimentary account of puzzles in science, this paper formulates logical and functional criteria for the occurrence of scientific puzzles, and examines the two-fold nature of their solutions. Then, with the aid of erotetic logic, puzzle-posing questions are identified, their presuppositional relations to scientific theory and explanations are explored, and a new tool for history of science research (sub-puzzle analysis) is developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 54-80 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Thema dieser Abhandlung ist die Begründung der Giltigkeit von Aussagen, 1. von Erkenntnis, 2. von Normen, 3. von Werturteilen. Giltigkeit bedeutet anerkannt-werden-sollen. Dazu muß das Verhältnis von Sollen und Sein in einer neuen Weise bestimmt werden. 1. Die Begründung der Giltigkeit von Aussagen einer Erkenntnis rein gedanklicher Sachverhalte erfolgt durch die Logik bei Festsetzung von Axiomen. Die Aussagen von Wirklichkeitserkenntnis sind teils solche von subjektiven Erlebnissen, teils solche über eine objektive Wirklichkeit. Die Giltigkeitsbegründung erfolgt dadurch, daß die übereinstimmung des ausgesagten Sachverhaltes mit der Wirklichkeit bei den ersteren unmittelbar, bei den letzteren mittelbar festgestellt wird. Für die Begründung von Aussagen über objektive Wirklichkeit sind außerdem noch zwei Voraussetzungen erforderlich: die einer unbeschränkten Gesetzmäßigkeit und die einer Wirklichkeit außer den Erlebnissen. Die Giltigkeit dieser Voraussetzungen, die über die erlebten Erfahrungen grundsätzlich hinausgehen, beruht auf ihrer Unentbehrlichkeit für eine Theorie, nach der sich die Erlebnisse aus gesetzmäßigen Bedingungen ableiten lassen. 2. Die Giltigkeit von Normen beruht teils auf Festsetzung und ist dann nur eine beschränkt allgemeine, teils auf Bedingungen für die Erreichung von Absichten und kann dann unbeschränkt allgemein sein, wenn die Absichten allgemein sind, wie hinsichtlich der Ordnung, der Grundlage der Logik, und bei der Moral. 3. Die Giltigkeit von Werturteilen, sofern sie unpersönliche sind, wird durch ihre logische Ableitung aus Wertungsgrundsätzen und Tatsachenaussagen begründet. Die Wertungsgrundsätze werden entweder durch Festsetzung aufgestellt, dann haben sie nur eine beschränkte Allgemeingiltigkeit, oder sie werden durch die Konstituenten der Kultur gegeben, dann sind sie unbeschränkt allgemeingiltig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 194-201 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bleibt der pankritische Rationalismus ohne logisch-methodisches Grundkonzept, so besteht entweder die Gefahr der Positionslosigkeit oder die des Neoirrationalismus. Andererseits könnte er durch ein solches Grundkonzept zu einem neuen Dogmatismus werden, der dort seine Grenzen hat, wo die Dialektik beginnt. Man glaubt nämlich irrtümlicherweise mit Popper, daß sich auseinem Widerspruch Beliebiges ableiten lasse. Will man dem Dilemma entkommen, darf der Begriff der rationalen Kritik nicht mit dem der rationalen Widerlegung identisch bleiben, diese umfaßt vielmehr nur einen Teil der rationalen Kritik, allerdings den bei weitem umfangreichsten und überdies den, für den sich eine Logik konstituieren läßt. Die Kernlogik umfaßt diejenigen logischen Elemente, auf denenjede Widerlegung basiert. Dies sind die Sätze der Identität, des auszuschließenden Widerspruchs und des auszuschließenden Dritten, die (klassische) Negation, die Konjunktion, die (klassische) Subjunktion, sowie der Satz der Reflexivität und der modus tollendo tollens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 356-367 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die analytische Jurisprudenz ist abhängig von der Normenlogik, die bisher keine voll befriedigenden Ergebnisse erzielt hat. Der Autor diskutiert die verschiedenen Wege der Normenlogik und deren Schwierigkeiten, insbesondere weist er nach, daß die normenlogische Deduktion nicht auf der Idee der deontisch perfekten Welten aufgebaut werden kann. Trotz der Grundlagenschwierigkeiten der Normenlogik muß diese als Basis der juristischen Analysen angesehen werden. Neben den inneren Schwierigkeiten der Normenlogik steht die analytische Jurisprudenz vor dem Problem, inwieweit das juristische Denken auf rein logischen und inwieweit es auf rhetorischen Argumentationen fußt. Es wird auch ein Katalog der aktuellen Probleme der analytischen Jurisprudenz vorgelegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 39-53 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz verfolgt eine doppelte Absicht: einerseits soll das Selbstverständnis der Hermeneutik gegen die verbreiteten Mißverständnisse der wissenschaftstheoretischen Diskussion verteidigt, andrerseits soll es im Rahmen einer Methodologie der Gesellschafts-und Humanwissenschaften kritisiert werden. Beides geschieht nicht von einem festen Standpunkt aus, sondern in der Bewegung des Nachdenkens der zentralen aufgeworfenen Probleme. Nach einer historischen Darstellung der zweimaligen Radikalisierung der Hermeneutik wird das hermeneutische Verständnis von Wirklichkeit, Erfahrung, Geschichte, Theorie und Praxis insbesondere durch ein Referat der wichtigsten Autoren freigelegt, die Hermeneutik gesellschaftskritisch fundamentieren wollen: Gadamer, Habermas, Apel, Sandkühler. Die Kritik daran gilt der Reduktion der gesellschaftlichen Praxis auf den Begriff kommunikativen Handelns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 41-53 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Kern der Logik, wie er sich in den Sätzen der Identität, des ausgeschlossenen Widerspruches und des ausgeschlossenen Dritten ausgedrückt findet, ist nicht revidierbar, auch nicht mit Hilfe von mehrwertigen Logiken. Überdies kommt der Logik, will man die uneingeschränkte Möglichkeit von Widersprüchen eliminieren, gegenüber der Dialektik der methodologische Primat zu. Der unaufhebbare Primat der Logik ist jedoch ein Primat und keine absolute Herrschaft, d.h. es ist möglich, die Grenze der Anwendbarkeit der Logik zu ermitteln. Diese Grenze ist dann erreicht, wenn ein kontextvariantes Objekt nicht zu einem kontextinvarianten Objekt umgeformt werden kann. Das ist z.B. der Fall beim Ganzen im Sinne der Totalität. Dies Ergebnis hat Folgen für die Gültigkeit des Popperschen Falsifikationsprinzips: Läßt sich zeigen, daß die Widersprüche einer These nur von kontextvarianten Objekten, die sich nicht in kontextinvariante Objekte verwandeln lassen, herrühren, so ist die betreffende These aufgrund dieser Widersprüche allein noch nicht korrekturbedürftig, geschweige denn widerlegt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 98-107 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die dialektische Erkenntnistheorie postuliert gewöhnlich eine Unvereinbarkeit zwischen der transzendentalen Analyse der Bedingungen möglicher Erkenntnis und dem Realismus. Die Annahme der Korrespondenztheorie der Wahrheit wird mit einem naiven Realismus identifiziert und dieser in der Kontroverse mit dem kritischen Rationalimus der gegnerischen Position unterschoben. Jenem werden die Vorzüge dialektischer Betrachtungen als transzendentale Analyse gegenübergestellt. Dieser Argumentation soll hier eine unzulässige Vermengung semantischer Fragen mit erkenntnistheoretischen Fragen nach der Möglichkeit eines Zugangs zu den Tatsachen nachgewiesen werden. Während bei Kant durchaus eine Verbindung von Transzendentalphilosophie und Realismus vorzufinden ist, wird der Charakter transzendentaler Analyse im deutschen Idealismus und in der dieser Tradition folgenden kritischen Theorie seines eigentlichen Sinnes beraubt. Der Versuch, den Realismus instrumentalistisch umzudeuten, muß infolge der Verschränkung semantischer und erkenntnistheoretischer Fragestellungen fehlschlagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 133-146 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie berichten die Verfasser über die Lage der Wissenschaftstheorie in Ungarn. Nach einem kurzen historischen Überblick sichten sie die heutigen Forschungsrichtungen der ungarischen Wissenschaftstheorie. In diesem Zusammenhang befassen sie sich mit wissenschaftsphilosophischen Forschungen überhaupt, des weiteren mit den Studien zur Analyse von bürgerlichen wissenschaftstheoretischen Richtungen und mit den wissenschaftstheoretischen Fragen neuer Disziplinen und Forschungszweige. Mit besonderer Aufmerksamkeit verfolgen die Autoren die Aktivitäten zur Untersuchung der aufkommenden wissenschaftlich-technischen Revolution und der einschlägigen Forschungen. Ausführlich sind auch die Forschungsarbeiten in den Einzelbereichen der Wissenschaftslehre: Wissenschaftslogik,— Methodologie,— Soziologie usw. dargestellt. Des weiteren erörtert die Abhandlung auch die Zusammenhänge, die sich zwischen den wissenschaftlichen Forschungen und anderen gesellschaftlichen Aktivitäten — Politik, Technik, Künste, Informationswesen, Pädagogik usw. — ergeben. Abschließend informiert die Studie über die Forschungsstellen, die sich in Ungarn mit wissenschaftstheoretischen Arbeiten befassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Science uses its firmest conclusions to arrive at new ones which may well completely destroy these, previously firmest, conclusions. The perceptive may notice that when the previously firmest conclusions are demolished we may remain in the dark with conclusion worth replacing it with. But only when we replace it with a firmer conclusion can we speak of a bootstrap operation rather than of a refutations. Often, to conclude, thead hoc nature of a fact-like statement is rooted in the theoretical background against which it is couched; given a different theoretical background and it fully falls into place, as the expression goes. If an observation report is at once a corollary of our scientific theory, then it is unproblematic. If it conflicts with our scientific theory, either we reject the theory or try to find an excuse for not rejecting it. When, however, a small theory which well integrates in our theoretical background is attacked by a well corroborated fact-like theory and all its defences are refuted, then a revolution may be under way. Such events may be rare, but they are the more interesting ones. At times we alter our whole theoretical outlook around a rather fact-like theory which then gets refuted.We then look silly from any viewpoint except that which takes the process to be a bootstrap operation!
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 81-97 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary In the following pages, and hopefully as a contribution to the philosophy ofperson, I shall try to: (1) explore the notions of object and subject, and show briefly how these have been presupposed by, and have been articulated through, certain theories ofperson; (2) suggest an argument for the overlap of object and subject as the ground for a discussion of feeling and experiencing; (3) offer a neologism,coject, and its derivatives,cojective andcojectivity, as a new and fertile ground for the reconstruction of the present social sciences as human sciences. These steps are taken in the main attempt to lay a further basis for the exploration, investigation, description, and analysis ofperson through the methods of the human sciences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 165-187 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 188-193 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 261-302 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Frage, ob die Gültigkeit alternativer begrifflicher Strukturen empirisch entscheidbar oder eine Sache der willkürlichen Festsetzung ist, wird, eingeschränkt auf den Fall der physikalischen Geometrie, diskutiert. Die erkenntnistheoretischen Komponenten der empirischen Bestimmung von metrischen und topologischen Eigenschaften des physikalischen Raumes werden in der neueren Wissenschaftstheorie verfolgt. In Anschluß an die Auseinandersetzung zwischen A. Grünbaum und H. Putnam wird eine Interpretation des semantischen Status des Kongruenzprädikates vorgeschlagen, die Schwierigkeiten im Verhältnis von Intension und Extension dieses Terms beseitigen soll. Bei der Konfrontation von Folgerungen aus der Konventionalitätsthese mit der dynamischen Raumtheorie, wie sie im Anschluß an Clifford von J. A. Wheeler entwickelt wurde, treten Unvereinbarkeiten auf, die in der Gegensätzlichkeit von absoluter und relationaler Raumauffassung gründen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 335-344 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The developmental trend in many fields of contemporary science is toward integrated general theories. These trends are viewed as essential components of the nature of science rather than expressions of arbitrary preferences of scientists. The law-like factors which lead science toward reliance on general theories include empirical as well as rational components. A model is proposed which exhibits the balance of the relevant factors as calling for increasing use of theories the primitive terms of which are progressively more abstract and general, though no less precise and empirically adequate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Science is considered as an open system that constitutes a sub-entity of the total system “society” and whose functions include the production, systematization, communication and application of knowledge. Since this system is made up of individuals and groups, its functions are dependent on psychological factors. This fact serves as a starting point for a psychology of science, which can contribute to optimizing scientific practice by treating the heuristic, organizational, technological, and normative aspects of scientific activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 74-93 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Die Fragen nach der Funktion und der Effizienz der historischen Wissenschaften in ihrem Verhältnis zu den übrigen Wissenschaften und zur Gesamtheit menschlicher Lebensverhältnisse sind in der bisherigen Diskussion weitgehend hinter Methodenproblemen zurückgetreten oder unscharf geblieben. Sie werden hier im Blick auf das Theorie-Praxis-Problem als vorrangig behandelt und an Hand der Kategorie der Mediatisierung einer Lösung zugeführt, welche die historischen Wissenschaften interdisziplinär auf die systematischen und unter diesen auf solche bezieht, die auf die moderne Lebenswelt unmittelbaren Einfluß nehmen. Der anderwärts weiter auszuführende Entwurf interpretiert die Historie nicht mehr als Kompensativum, sondern als Organon des modernen technologischen Systems und versucht, ihren systematischen Ort nach Zielsetzung und Stellenwert (Prinzip der Verhältnismäßigkeit) neu zu bestimmen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 94-122 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The definition of Induction in the „topic“ is but a description of the prearistotelian process of generalisation. — The genuine aristotelian theory of induction does not concern general propositions but the objectonstruction; it tries to give a logical solution to the theory of anamnesis. — The inductive syllogism is not a summative induction but a suggestion that the relation of extensions of classes is the only criterion for the projectibility of known cases on unknown. — The stoics accept contraposition as the only form of scientific inference while the epicureans introduce a pure empirical criterion for sound general propositions. Both theories however, suggest an identification of the problem of induction with the problem of possibility. — Philoponos is the first author to give a classification of sciences from a methodological point of view. He rejects pure induction and proposes the hypothetico — deductive Method as a solution of the problem of induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 192-200 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 256-284 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit kritisiert den Versuch Imre Lakatos, durch eine Erweiterung und Veränderung eines falsifikationistischen methodologischen Programms einen funktionierenden Standard des Ausscheidens objektsprachlicher Theorien zu gewinnen. Dies leistet Lakatos auch nicht durch seine Wendung zur Historiographie, die eine Beurteilung konkurrierender methodologischer Programme ermöglichen soll. Immer bleibt seine Methodologie auf die Möglichkeit des Gehaltsvergleiches angewiesen, die nur in den restringiertesten Fällen vorliegen wird und fällt damit noch hinter die frühen Vorschläge Paul K. Feyerabends zurück. Lakatos kann in keiner Phase seiner methodologischen Entwürfe ein rationales Entscheidungskriterium begründen und flüchtet sich am Ende in einer restaurativen Wende in das angebliche kompetente Urteil der jeweils inthronisierten Wissenschaftlergemeinde. Damit aber gibt Lakatos einen methodischen Anspruch auf und läßt methodologische Reflexion in eine Art der ‘mob psychology’ degenerieren, wie er es ursprünglich gegenüber den methodologischen Auffassungen von Th. Kuhn vorgeworfen hatte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 317-322 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Diese Abhandlung ist eine Ergänzung zum Abschnitt IIB meiner Abhandlung über „Die Giltigkeit von Aussagen“ (vgl. diese Zeitschrift, Bd. IV, Heft 1 (1973), S. 54–80). Die Giltigkeit von Normen bedarf einer ausführlicheren Begründung, weil sie problematisch erscheint. Eine Begründung von Normen wird durch den teleologischen Gesichtspunkt möglich: Wenn ein allgemein angestrebtes Ziel vorliegt, dann ergeben die Bedingungen für seine Erreichung Normen des Verhaltens, die von jedem anerkannt werden müssen, der das Ziel erreichen will. Das wird für die Normen gezeigt, welche das Verfahren der Erkenntnisbildung bestimmen; für die moralischen Normen, deren Begründung gegenüber der im zweiten Teil der „Grundlagen der Erkenntnis und der Moral“* verbessert wird; für die Normen des Rechts und schließlich für ästhetische Normen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 375-389 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 123-124 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 138-191 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The following overview of the present situation and recent trends in the philosophy of science in the USA brings together bibliographical and institutional evidence to document the last stages of the supersession (Aufhebung) of logical positivism, the emergence of the historical school (Toulmin, Hanson, Kuhn, Feyerabend), its widespread influence upon other fields as well as within philosophy of science, and finally some of the reactions to it, many of which envision their endeavors as mediations between the historical school and the older logical approaches As well as recording pertinent institutional trends, the report provides a series of capsule summaries of representative work from the extant literature primarily from 1966 to the present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 201-209 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 218-225 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kuhns These von dem außerlogischen Charakter wissenschaftlicher Revolutionen gilt bezüglich des Übergangs zur Quanten- und Relativitätstheorie nur für die „Philosophie“, nicht für die „Physik“ dieser Theorien. Zwischen der Physik und der Philosophie der Relativitätstheorie besteht außerdem eine auf Einstein zurückgehende Inkongruenz, welche den Grund für das sonst unverständliche Anhalten der Diskussion um das Uhren-„Paradoxon“ darstellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 285-303 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Die naive Idee des wissenschaftlichen Fortschritts beruht auf der irrtümlichen Annahme, daß es absolute Tatsachen und Grundsätze gibt, auf denen aufbauend die Wissenschaft ein ständig verbessertes Bild der Wirklichkeit liefert und sich mehr und mehr einer absoluten Wahrheit nähert. Im Gegensatz dazu wird gezeigt, daß wissenschaftliche Tatsachen und Grundsätze nur innerhalb der Interpretationsschemata von„Systemmengen“ vermittelt werden können, von denen die jeweiligen„historischen Situationen“ bestimmt werden. Die Entwicklung der Wissenschaften wird durch Unstimmigkeiten innerhalb solcher Systemmengen und durch den darin begründeten Wandel hervorgerufen. Dabei liegt ein historischer Relativismus bloßer Fatalität oder Willkür nicht vor, weil nicht nur Kriterien für die Wahrheit von Aussagen innerhalb von Systemenlogisch, sondern weil auch die Systeme selbst samt ihren Veränderungen, und zwarsituationslogisch begründet werden können. Ist nun Wissenschaftsgeschichte „Systemgeschichte“, so kommen nur zwei Bewegungsformen in Frage, in denen Fortschritte erzielt werden können: Nämlich erstens „Systemexplikation“ und zweitens „Systemmutation“. Entsprechend ist ein Fortschritt I von einem Fortschritt II zu unterscheiden. Beide werden mit Hilfe des Begriffs „Harmonisierung einer Systemmenge“ genauer definiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 329-340 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary These remarks deal with the attempt of G. Klaus to establish a theory of knowledge by combining basic ideas of cybernetics and information theory with the position of dialectical materialism. Klaus underlines the materialistic approach and the importance of science, rather than Hegelian dialectics. Irrespective of the ideological issues, the following of Klaus' suggestions are debatable: (1) The connection between brain structure and logical reasoning. (2) Treating information and information processing as basic notions, although this does not account for the capacity of the human mind to inquire into any object whatever. (3) Regarding the evolution of mankind as a selection process, determined by the way in which signals from the environment are selected and elaborated. (4) Explaining creative thinking by the trial and error method. (5) Giving a naturalistic derivation of the goals and optimation criteria of the cybernetic system ‘man’ exclusively from its relation to environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 323-328 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary It is the purpose to examine Krafts arguments and proofs on the basis of the evidence which gives reality. His derivation of principles with unlimited validity is not succesful, judgements concerning “basic valuations of human culture“ being inhomogeneous and historically bound. The way to introduce norms into scientific statements by “teleological” foundation is only valid for “normal” principles, basic must be excluded. The fruitfulness of the first step is appreciated and illustrated by economic examples. Jointly in connection with this is the third question. In accordance with Kraft, the “ranking” of value judgements of different kinds must be solved without privileges. Scientific examination and foundation of value systems has its legitimacy, but relevant decisions of basic principles can only happen in the pre-scientific sphere. In order to avoid other value judgements in scientific contexts, one ought to dispose of really operational criterions. Today, there is an almost complete lack in the practical field. This is partly due to theoretical and dogmatic interpretations of science procedures. Critical science (“critical realism”) has to accept the provisional character of all scientific research and must, therefore, integrate those value judgements, which result from not fully testable hypotheses. Their “internalization” into the scientific progress of knowledge allows together to delete a great deal of this crucial point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 341-358 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary A report on work in philosophy of science in Canada, especially surveying recent and on-going work in philosophy of physics, philosophy of biology, philosophy of the social sciences, philosophical logic (including studies in probability theory and foundations of mathematics), general problems in the methodology of science, and ancillary professional activities of Canadian philosophers of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 407-410 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 226-246 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Die Überprüfung des Falsifikationismus kann im Lichte einer neuen Methodologie anhand wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Beispiele erfolgen. Um 1640 wurde das Fallgesetz nicht aufgrund seines empirischen Gehalts, sondern aufgrund seiner logischen Beziehungen zu metaphysischen Annahmen als ernstzunehmende Hypothese betrachtet, die es empirisch zu prüfen galt; ferner wurde eine Falsifikation für die Verwerfung der horror-vacui-Theorie weder als hinreichend noch als notwendig angesehen. Diese wissenschaftsgeschichtlichen Tatsachen sind mit Hilfe der Methodologie der Forschungsprogramme, nicht aber mit Hilfe des Popperschen Falsifikationismus, rational interpretierbar und bestätigen damit die methodologische Kritik, die in den letzten Jahren am Wissenschafts- und Fortschrittskriterium Poppers geübt worden ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 308-316 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Artikel enthält eine Metakritik an einer von Vertretern der ‘Erlanger Schule’ vorgebrachten Kritik der Wissenschaftstheorie des Kritischen Rationalismus Poppers und Alberts. Von Janich/Kambartel/Mittelstraß war behauptet worden, das bei der Frage der Begründung wissenschaftlicher Sätze auftretende Trilemma von unendlichem Regreß, Zirkelschluß und axiomatischer Grundlegung beruhe auf einem „höchst eingeschränkten Verständnis von Begründung“ und könne durch den Begriff der Verteidigung bzw. Verteidigbarkeit von Behauptungssätzen aufgelöst werden. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Auflösung dieses Trilemmas nur vermeintlich ist, weil sie auf einer unzulässigen Änderung der Beweislastregelung beruht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 4 (1973), S. 224-260 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Modern Philosophy of Science has not yet recognized the significance of physical invariance principles for science and daily life. In this paper we investigate as a simple example, how time independence or time translational invariance of natural laws determines the time scale. We start with informal definitions of the invariance of concepts and laws. We then ask if time independence is an essential feature of natural laws or if time dependent laws are plausible without loss of predictive relevance. In section 3 we investigate the question wether time independence of natural laws is a matter of convention. In sections 5–7 the determination of the time scale by time translational invariance is studied. In section 8 we study the conditions under which this determination is unique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 390-406 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 363-374 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Some of the problem areas in which British philosophers of science have recently been engaged are described and some of the major contributions noted. Two sets of problems are given special attention: one concerned with the analysis of probability statements and one concerned with the appraisal of scientific theories. Three traditions in the approach to this second set of problems are distinguished. These might be called the Carnapian, the Popperian and the Wittgensteinian traditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 9-38 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary Attention to criticism and growth! It appears Aristotle had a dialectical method with two main phases: a) doxographic induction — a form of re-collecting ideas of previous generations; it is related to Plato'sanamnesis. b) organisation of knowledge by classification (taxonomy); it is natural in view of Aristotle's organismic outlook. Against common misconceptions: Aristotle was not anti-empirical, nor anti-critical (dogmatic). Doxographic induction is a prime example of critical and “empirical” methodology. Against Popper: Aristotle's subscription to the ideal of certainty(episteme) is not the main source of dogmatism in the Aristotelian paradigm. A theory of science has to take cognizance of social settings, how these support or repress critical dialectical method. Against Feyerabend: Galileo's use of re-collection (methodological anamnesis) in his dialogues is not trick persuasion; it is a continaution of an old method, viz., doxographic induction. Granted that it has always had persuasive as well as other psychological aspects. It serves the double function of giving clues, and leading the mind into the frame of a paradigm. Finally, it is proposed that theory of science and classical scholarship must sometimes call on each other, just like theory of science and history of science.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 247-255 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Namen wie „Meta-“, „Peri-“, „Proto-“ usw. „-Philosophie“ wie auch „Philosophie der Philosophie“ sind nur neue Bezeichnungen der alten Disziplin Metaphysik.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 5 (1974), S. 304-307 
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß K. Poppers Falsifikationsprinzip konsequenterweise nicht nur auf die zur Diskussion stehende Hypothese anzuwenden ist, sondern ebenso auf die Hypothesen, die für die Falsifikation als gültig angesehen werden. Dadurch wird der Entscheidungs-Charakter von Falsifikationen relativiert, eine befriedigende Übereinstimmung mit dem tatsächlichen methodologischen Vorgehen in den exakten Wissenschaften erzielt und somit ein Haupteinwand gegen Poppers Logik der Forschung gegenstandslos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 3-8 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The process of obtaining mono-, di-, and triisopropyltoluenes by alkylating toluene with propylene in the presence of synthetic aluminosilicates has been investigated. 2. A study has been made of the effects of temperature, pressure, feedstock space velocity, and toluene: propylene ratio on the yield and isomer composition of the isopropyltoluenes. It has been established that, with a temperature of 170°C, gage pressure of 5 kg/cm2, feedstock space velocity of 0.5 h−1, and equimolar ratio of toluene: propylene, the principal products are o- and p-isopropyltoluene. 3. The feasilibity of separation a mixture of o- and p-isopropyltoluenes from m-isopropyltoluene by close fractionation has been demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 38-40 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 54-56 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 41-45 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 50-53 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 62-65 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conclusion 1. A rapid analytical method has been developed for the determination of group composition of the malthenes of petroleum asphalt in 25–30 min. 2. A new variant of gradient elution has been proposed, in which the process of linear liquid adsorption chromatography can be automated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 80-81 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 802-803 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 817-818 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 821-822 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 12-14 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 849-852 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 827-829 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 838-840 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 887-890 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. An analysis of methods for determining the purity of high-molecular-weight naphthenic-paraffinic hydrocarbons has shown that a method based on ultraviolet absorption spectra is the fastest and most sensitive. 2. In naphthenic-paraffinic hydrocarbons with specific dispersion (F, c) 〈97, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons is best determined by ultraviolet absorption spectra, or in special cases by quasi-bright-line luminescence spectra or paper chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 882-886 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 872-877 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary As a result of the studies recorded here, it has been established that the limiting temperatures of the pistons in high-performance diesels, i.e., the highest temperature at which no high-temperature deposits (varnish and carbon deposits) are formed, are as follows: 180†C for D-11 and M-12 oils without additives, 200†C for M-12V and M-14V oils with VNII NP-360 additive, and 256†C for M-14VI and M-14Vts oils with effective additive packages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 763-766 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. By hydrotreating a petrolatum from mixed Zhirnovsk and Korobki crudes at a pressure of 300 kg/cm2, feed-stock space velocity of 0.5 h−1, hydrogen-rich gas 750 volumes per volume of feedstock, and temperatures of 360− 400°C on alumina-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst or 340–370°C on alumina-nickel-molybdenum catalyst, white petrolatum can be obtained without any breakdown of the paraffinic-naphthenic hydrocarbons. 2. From a comparison of the results obtained in hydrogenating petrolatum on both types of catalysts, it has been shown that the alumina-nickel-molybdenum catalyst manifests a somewhat greater hydrogenating activity, but at the same time gives more cracking and isomerization. 3. The hydrotreated petrolatum is a high-quality raw material for the production of highly treated ceresins and waxes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 937-939 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. A directed flow graph method has been used to set up a mathematical description of a process, calculating all optimal values of material and heat parameters of the process. 2. The required consumptions of water, fuel, and steam have been calculated for optimal processing, which opens up the possibility of a 25% increase in the yield of desired product (with residual feedstock). 3. It has been noted that variations in the amount of feedstock supplied to the extraction tower have little influence on the operation of the coolers or heaters in this process flow plan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 823-826 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 830-832 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. Dielectric constants have been measured and relative polarities and dipole moments calculated for the additives AFK, V-167, and V-526. 2. The ranking of these additives with respect to surface activity and effectiveness in the dewaxing process is as follows: V-167〈 V-526〈AFK. 3. From the bulk and surface properties of the model and real systems included in this study, it has been shown that the active part of an additive used in the dewaxing process is separated out along with the solid hydrocarbons. 4. Simple but sufficiently accurate methods have been selected for evaluating the distribution of surfactants between dewaxed oil and petrolatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. The process of isoreforming ensures the production of commercial unleaded AI-93 gasoline with more favorable technoeconomic indices than can be achieved when it is produced from catalytically reformed naphtha with the addition of alkylate, or even with the less expensive isomerizate. 2. Under conditions of limited availability of straight-run naphtha fractions for isomerization processes and the relatively small growth of the catalytic cracking process, which is the source of isobutane and butylenes for alkylation, the isoreforming process is acquiring additional advantages, since it can broaden the feedstock resources in the production of high-octane gasoline at the expense of the less scarce 105–180°C cut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 144-147 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. The polar properties of the magnesium salts of organic acids depend on the type of the original acid and the presence of various active groups in these acids. 2. The magnesium salts that were investigated, with the exception of the magnesium alkylphenolate, increase the election work function of metal and manifest electron-acceptor properties with respect to the metal. 3. The magnesium salts of sulfonic, alkylsalicylic, stearic, and oleic acid have relatively good protective properties, so that they may be considered for use as corrosion inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 976-980 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 85-87 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 116-119 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. A study has been made of the effect of oxidation temperature on the mechanical properties of asphalts. 2. A study has been made of the effect of oxidation temperature on the chemical composition of asphalts. 3. It has been established that asphalt oxidation proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, the greatest rate of change in oil and asphaltene contents is observed; in the second stage, the greatest rate of change in resin content is observed, and the amounts of oils and asphaltenes are stabilized. 4. It has been established that the temperature regime of the process affects the oxidation reaction mechanism. The asphalts produced by low-temperature oxidation contain considerably greater quantities of oxygenated compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 236-238 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 172-174 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Heat effects in the hydrocracking of heavy straight-run naphthas have been calculated from bond rupture energies and from heats of formation, the results from the two methods being quite comparable. The material presented here confirms the feasibility of widespread practical application of the heat-effect calculation method using the heats of formation of the reactants and products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 192-196 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. A study has been made of the effect of raw-material composition on the yield and composition of acids, in the example of oxidation of petroleum paraffin waxes containing 91.2 and 73.4% n-alkanes. The yield of technical mixed water-insoluble acids, based on the wax processed, is 82.3 and 84.2% by weight, respectively. The respective yields of C5−C20 distilled acids with respect to the technical mixed acids are 68.3 and 64% by weight, and with respect to the 100% acids are 63 and 57.2%. 2. The C10−C16 and C17−C20 acids obtained by oxidation of waxes containing 91.2 and 73.4% alkanes contain (respectively) unsaponifiables 0.5 and 2.3, 1.0 and 4%; iso-acids, 8.3 and 5.2, 14.2 and 8.9%; dibasic acids, 2.2 and 4.1, 3.6 and 5.5%; total amount of impurities, including unsaturated acids and keto-acids, 19.2 and 25.1, 28 and 35.4%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 310-313 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Studies performed with a “Sliding Ring” apparatus have shown the following: 1. Base oils from different sources, with identical varnish-forming properties at temperatures up to 270–290°C, differ significantly from each other in varnish-forming properties at higher temperatures. 2. The efficiency of additive action at temperatures above 300° is highly dependent on the base oil quality. Hence, the selection of motor oil additives should be conducted with due regard to the base oil characteristics. 3. The “Sliding Ring” apparatus permits a rapid evaluation of the efficiency of additive action at various temperatures and a selection of the most suitable additive packages for motor oils intended for high-temperature use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. It has been established experimentally that winter- and summer-grade gasolines form different quantities of liquid film when vaporized in an intake line; however, the distillation curves of the two film materials are very similar. 2. The process of gasoline fractionation in the intake line is rather well reproduced in a UIT-65 unit specially equipped with a device for determining the octane number distribution. The distillation of gasoline in a flask may be used for preliminary laboratory evaluation of gasoline properties and as a plant control index. Here, the distillation cut point for taking off the light fractions should be based on distillation temperature. The most suitable cut point in the flask distillation is 120°C. 3. The uniformity of distribution of knock resistance in the different fractions of commercial automotive gasolines may be controlled by comparing the octane number of the whole gasoline with the octane number distribution or with the octane number of the head fractions of the gasoline distilling below 120°C in a standard flask distillation. In either case, the allowable decrease in octane number of the light fractions must be established by service tests on the gasolines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 324-324 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 351-353 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. Viscosities of extract solutions (75–85% phenol content) calculated from the Einstein or Arrhenius formulas differ from the experimental values by not more than ± 6.0% in most cases. 2. Viscosities have been determined experimentally for extract solutions containing water. At temperatures of 80–100°C, the solution viscosity is reduced markedly by the addition of 5% water by volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. By means of a method of Chromatography/mass spectrometry, a study has been made of the individual composition of a straight-run naphtha and a catalytically reformed naphtha (IBP-180°C). Individual compositions have been determined for the feedstock and for the products issuing from each of the reactors of the unit. 2. Feasibility has been demonstrated for detailed study of the chemical conversions of hydrocarbons that take place in the naphtha reforming process, on the basis of results of chromatographic/mass-spectrometric analysis of the naphtha feed and the products obtained at various stages in the reforming. 3. A procedure has been proposed for the Chromatographie analysis of catalytically reformed naphthas (IBP-180°C) in capillary columns, using a preliminary mass-spectrometric identification of the Chromatographic peaks, the obtained relative retention volumes, and the order of hydrocarbon exit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 357-360 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A study has been made of the physicochemical and rheological properties of oxidized asphalts obtained from residua of West Siberian crudes. It has been shown that the nature of the feedstock has a decisive influence on the properties of the oxidized asphalts. The asphalts produced from a straight-run long residuum from West Siberian crudes have wide ranges of plasticity (91 and 111°C), low brittle points (−20 and −30°C), and better heat resistance than do the oxidized asphalts produced from a solvent-precipitated asphalt obtained in Stage II deasphalting. It has been established that, as the degree of oxidation is increased, the asphaltene content of the asphalts increases sharply, and the amount of the most reactive bicyclic and polycyclic aromatic compounds decreases through conversion into resins and then asphaltenes; the amount of oxygen-containing groups increases, as evidenced by the IR spectra of the component groups of the asphalt. The oxidized asphalts produced from residua of West Siberian crudes are highly structured systems within the interval of temperatures that was investigated (from 60 to 180°C); for a given penetration, the asphalt produced from the straight-run long residuum is more highly structured than that produced from the solvent-precipitated Stage II asphalt, as a consequence of the higher asphaltene content of the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 388-389 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chemistry and technology of fuels and oils 9 (1973), S. 390-393 
    ISSN: 1573-8310
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 1. A method has been developed for determining the dispersity of contaminant particles in fuels and oils, using small-angle light scattering. 2. With this method, it is possible to determine the amount and sizes of particles from 2 to 100μ in liquid fuels and oils. The time required for the determination, when an automated computer is used, is 10–12 min. 3. An experimental test of this method on model systems has established the good agreement of results with those from particle size determination by microscopic counting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...