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  • Articles  (89)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (89)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 1970-1974  (89)
  • 1972  (89)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubella virus replication at controlled dissolved oxygen tension (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 493-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140316
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose isomerase covalently bound to porous glass beadsPresented at 5th Great Lakes Regional American Chemical Society Meeting, Peoria, Illinois, June 10-11, 1971 (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 509-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140319
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth models of cultures with two liquid phases. VII. Substrate dissolved in dispersed phase; effect of dispersed phase volume and temperature (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 571-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of dispersed phase volume and temperature on the batch growth of Candida lipolytica on gas oil are investigated. Growth parameters are presented for two sets of experiments. The shape of growth curves was basically similar to the system composed of n-hexadecane dissolved in dewaxed gas oil, in spite of the complex nature of the substance. All of the batch growth curves exhibited a linear growth region. The rate of linear growth and its length varied with change in dispersed phase volume. The effect of temperature on growth rate was investigated for temperatures ranging from 23°C to 34°C. The results show a smaller activation energy during linear growth than during the early stages of batch growth. These results are analyzed from the viewpoint of growth models presented previously. The results indicate that growth at drop surfaces is important and that segregation effects may be important.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140404
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple junctions in the pipework of pilot plant fermenters (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 679-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140413
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and control of continuous microbial propagators to subject substrate inhibitionPresented in part at the 160th Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society, September, 1970, Chicago and in part at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, November, 1970, Chicago. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 939-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Inhibitory substrate levels are common in industrial fermentations and in biological waste-water treatment of many industrial wastes. Continuous microbial cultures are unstable to certain disturbances, such as shock loading by inhibitory substrates. Two feedback proportional control strategies are analyzed and compared for a simple model culture assumed represent able by the culture concentrations of biomass and a single rate-limiting and growth-limiting nutrient (substrate). One control strategy, the well known turbidostat, consists of adjusting culture holding time (e.g., by flow rate adjustment) in response to deviations in turbidity or some other measure of culture biomass concentration. The other control strategy is to adjust holding time in response to deviations in limiting nutrient concentrations in the culture. This second control strategy, termed the nutristat, can be superior to the turbidostat in many applications. The sign and magnitude of the dimensionless group {(X/YD)[dμ/dS]s}, is shown to be an important determinant, in the behavior of the open loop and the two closed loop processes. This characteristic group is positive when the specific growth rate is increased by increases in the nutrient concentration, zero when the growth rate is unaffected by the nutrient concentration, and negative in the presence of nutrient or substrate inhibition.The effects of process modifications and of modeling assumptions on the control of the process are discussed and more sophisticated control schemes are also proposed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140606
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative studies of the development of S. cerevisiae mitochondria (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 1007-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quantitative changes in mitochondria and cytochromes during transition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from one steady state to another, while growing in continuous culture under controlled environmental conditions, were followed.No Mitochondria, or mitochondria like structures, were detectable in electron micrographs of permanganate-fixed anaerobic cells. Microaerobiosis (3μM dissolved oxygen) was sufficient to visualize mitochondrial profiles and induce cytochromes and their sections had a reduced number of mitochondrial profiles compared with cells grown in limiting glucose.In the presence of ergosterol and Tween 80 mitochondriogenesis, whether induced by aerobiosis or glucose limitation, involved enhanced definition of crystal and outer mitochondrial membranes and increased number of profiles. Where membrane formation was limited, by the absence of aerobiosis involved eytochrome induction and profile visualization, but limited profile Proliferation; the adapted cells consequently contained fewer, but more eytochrome-enriched, mitochondria than cells adapted in the presence of ergosterol and Tween 80.Increase in dissolved oxygen from 3μM to 52μM further enhanced membrane definition and increased the size, but not the number, of mitochondrial profiles.Evidence, obtained by measurement of eytochrome concentration per unit mitochondrial volume and per unit crystal area, support the concept that mitochondriogensis and cytochrome synthesis are not synchronized process and that cytochromes are added to or depleted from the mitochondrial cristae in response to culture conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140609
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbiotic growth of Acetobacter suboxydans and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in a chemostat (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 75-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bacterium Acetobacter suboyxdans and the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis have been grown together on a synthetic medium in a chemostat. Mannitol, the only carbon source fed to the fermenter, is oxidized by the bacteria to fructose. The yeast, which cannot attack mannitol, breaks down the fructose nearly completely. Eight steady states and five transitory periods after changes in flow rate have been analyzed to study the kinetics of the mixed culture. Separate cell concentrations were determined by a modified Coulter counter apparatus. Both sugars were monitored. Both bacteria and yeast may be modeled using Monod's equation, the latter with some deviations. The yeast is unable to grow beyond the washout point of the bacteria, even though its maximum growth rate is much higher. The yield of both organisms decreases with increasing dilution rate, as does their average cell size. After step changes in dilution rate, repeated oscillations of both sugar and cell concentrations usually occur before steady-state conditions are reattained. They are generally in phase, with no definite sign of a lag. Oscillations of yeast and fructose concentrations are more pronounced. Periods average about 6 hr and are not correlated with fermentation conditions or equipment variables. Repeated oscillations are not found after step-downs in pure cultures of A. suboxydans, leading to the conclusion that the instability in mixed cultures may be caused by a feedback mechanism from the yeast to the bacteria.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140108
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture of Pseudomonas fluorescens with sodium maleate as a carbon sourcePresented in part before the Annual Meeting of the Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September, 1970. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 123-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 11150) was grown in batch and continuous culture in minimal media with sodium maleate as growth-limiting sole organic carbon source. Growth was followed by turbidity and dry weight measurements. Gross composition of washed cells (relative amounts of protein, lipid, RNA, and DNA) and the distribution of amino acids in protein hydrolyses of the cells were determined for cells grown in continuous culture at various dilution rates. Extracellular concentrations of the original carbon source and a number of metabolites were monitored by a total carbon analysis, ion exchange chromatography, and ultraviolet-visible scans of cell-free supernatants and chromatographic fractions, thereof.Substrate inhibition by maleate was a major factor in the growth kinetics of both batch and continuous cultures. Excessive maleate concentration caused instability in continuous cultures. By appropriate operation, much higher specific growth rates (0.305/hr) could ultimately be achieved in continuous culture compared to batch culture (0.174/hr). Adaptation was responsible for only part of the differences between batch and continuous cultures; the differing distribution of metabolites were also major factors.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140111
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic behavior of mixed populations of activated sludgePresented at the Symposium on Applications of Continuous Culture Theory to Biological Waste Water Treatment Processes, 162nd National American Chemical Society Meeting, Washington, D.C., September 13, 1971. (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 179-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetic behavior of heterogeneous microbial populations of sewage origin was studied in a single-stage isothermal continuous flow completely mixed aeration tank. A series of experiments were carried out at various dilution rates using glucose as the growth limiting substrate. The steady-state behavior of the system was observed at each dilution rate and the results were found to fit fairly well with the steady-state equation bayed on the Monod model with an endogenous respiration term included, i.e., μ = μmS/(Ks + S) - Kd. The growth kinetics of cells harvested at steady state for each dilution rate were studied using batch experiments. The multiple response data of the system as functions of time were used to estimate the parameter values in the above kinetic model. It was found that values of the growth parameters changed significantly and systematically with cell population. For example, values of μm were high at high dilution rates and low at low dilution rates. It was also found that only those batch growth parameters from cells obtained at fairly high dilution rates are comparable with those estimated by the results of steady-state operations. The results of this investigation suggest that (1) different cell populations pre dominated at different steady-state dilution rates, with high dilution rates resulting in predominantly fast-growing organisms and low dilution rates resulting in predominantly slow-growing cells, and (2) risk exists in any randomly picked batch experiment to predict the steady-state behavior of the system when heterogeneous microbial populations must be used.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140204
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic model identification in mixed populations using continuous culture data (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 14 (1972), S. 207-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetic behavior of heterogeneous microbial populations of sewage origin was studied in a single-stage, isothermal, continuous flow, completely mixed aeration tank. A series of experiments were carried out at various dilutions rates using glucose as the limiting substrate. The cell dry weight and substrate concentration in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were continuously monitored. The results indicate that reproducible steady-state conditions can generally be obtained; however, multiple steady states were observed at dilution rates near washout. At low dilution rates (below about 0.1 hr-1) the contribution of microorganism decay became appreciable. Using the multiresponse data of cell dry weight and COD, the parameter values in various existing growth models were estimated. The analyses of variance and residuals revealed that models proposed by Moser, Monod, and Contois, each with a decay term added, were significantly better than the other models which were tested.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260140206
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