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  • Mouse  (9)
  • Springer  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1972  (9)
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  • Springer  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1970-1974  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 302-313 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Diphosphonates ; Bone resorption ; Mouse ; Pyrophosphate ; Tissue culture ; 45Calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Deux diphosphonates, le disodium-éthane-1-hydroxyle-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) et le disodium dichlorométhylène diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibent la résorption osseuse, induite par des cellules au niveau de calottes craniennes, cultivées pendant 48 heuresin vitro, lorsque ces substances sont ajoutées au milieu. Le Cl2MDP est plus actif que l'EHDP, à des doses variant 0–16 μg P/ml. Le pyrophosphate et l'imidodiphosphate n'inhibent pas la résorption osseuse à des doses comparables. Lorsque les deux diphosphonates sont injectés à des sourisin vivo avant mise en culture, la résorption osseuse observéein vitro est considérablement réduite: à une dose de 10 μg P/g de poids corporel de Cl2MDP, elle est presque totalement inhibée. Cet effet est rapide et dure plusieurs jours. Les conséquences de ces résultats et la méthode d'essai d'inhibiteurs de la résorption osseuse par la méthode combinéein vivo/ in vitro sont envisagées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zwei Diphosphonate, Dinatrium-äthan-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonat (EHDP) und Dinatrium-Dichloromethylendiphosphonat (Cl2MDP), hemmen zellbedingte Knochenresorption von Mäuseschädeldächern, welche während 48 Stdin vitro kultiviert worden waren, wenn diese Substanzen dem Nährmedium zugegeben werden. Im Dosierungsbereich von 0–16 μg P/ml ist Cl2MDP wirksamer als EHDP. Pyrophosphat und Imidodiphosphat blockieren die Knochenresorption bei entsprechenden Dosen nicht. Wenn die zwei Diphosphonate Mäusenin vivo injiziert werden, bevor das Explantat hergestellt wird, ist die nachfolgende Knochenresorptionin vitro stark vermindert; bei einer Dosierung von 10 μg P/g Körpergewicht von Cl2MDP ist die Resorption fast gänzlich blockiert. Diese Wirkung erfolgt rasch und dauert während einigen Tagen an. Die Folgerungen aus diesen Ergebnissen sowie das Verfahren, Knochenresorptionshemmer mittels kombinierterin vivo/in vitro-Methode zu prüfen, werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Two diphosphonates, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium dichloromethyle diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), inhibit cell-mediated bone resorption of mouse calvaria cultivated for 48 hoursin vitro, when the compounds are added to the medium. Cl2MDP is more effective than EHDP over the dose range 0–16 μg P/ml. Pyrophosphate and imidodiophosphate do not block bone resorption at comparable dose levels. When the two diphosphonates are injected into micein vivo before explants are prepared, subsequent bone resorptionin vitro is considerably reduced; at a dose level of 10 μg P/g body weight of Cl2MDP it is almost completely blocked. This effect is rapid and persists for several days. The implications of these results and the method of testing inhibitors of bone resorption by the combinedin vivo/in vitro method are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Mouse ; Myelinated neuronal soma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Thorakalmark (Hinterhornbereich) einer Wildmaus wurde ein kleines Nervenzellperikaryon beobachtet, das vollständig von einer Markscheide umhüllt war. Die Zahl der Markscheidenlamellen variierte zwischen 7 und 12. An einer Stelle konnte ein sogenanntes inneres Mesoperikaryon nachgewiesen werden. Die Bedeutung dieses zufällig erhobenen Befundes ist vorerst noch offen.
    Notes: Summary In the thoracic cord (posterior horn region) of a wild mouse, we have observed a small nerve cell soma completely enveloped by a myelin sheath. The number of myelin lamellae varied between 7 and 12. In one place, the existence of an inner ‘mesoperikaryon’ could also be shown. The significance of this fortuitous finding has not yet been explained.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 465-478 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Anterior pituitary ; Mouse ; in vitro ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anterior pituitaries of mice were incubated for periods up to four hours in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose gassed with 95% O2∶5% CO2. The incubated explants survived and retained a fine structure that approximated the condition in situ. The few necrotic cells were sharply localized, and were found to be due to initial mechanical damage to the tissue. Some cells of the six granulated types exhibited slight but significant changes attributable to the liberation from the hypothalamic control: in LTH cells there was a release of preexisting granules and a development of cell organelles, whereas in other cell types there was an inhibition of release of granules and an enhanced digestion of the accumulated granules by the lysosomal system. Follicular cells responded uniquely to the changed environment by hypertrophy of the cytoplasm and were found to phagocytize cell debris. A part of non-epithelial elements of the gland showed a tendency to modulate cytologically.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 329-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory mucosa ; Mouse ; Glands of Bowman ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das erste Auftreten der Glandulae olfactoriae in der olfaktorischen Region der Maus wird beschrieben. Die Struktur der Bowmanschen Drüse und ihre topologische Beziehung zu den übrigen zellulären Elementen im Riechepithel wird untersucht. Die Bedeutung des Sekrets für die Bildung des Deckhäutchens wird diskutiert. Die Bowmanschen Drüsen der Maus erreichen im letzten Viertel des intrauterinen Lebens die Lamina propria des Riechepithels. In den Endstücken finden sich dunkle, sekretreiche und helle, sekretarme Zellen. Die sezernierenden Zellen der Bowmanschen Drüsen sind nicht auf die Lamina propria beschränkt, sondern erstrecken sich bis in die untersten Anteile des Kernlagers im Riechepithel. Beim Austritt der Bowmanschen Drüsen aus dem Riechepithel in die Lamina propria konfluieren die Basalmembranen dieser Gewebeanteile miteinander. Die gemeinsame Basalmembran kann sich noch eine Strecke weit bis in den normalen Interzellularraum zwischen Drüsen- und Riechepithelanteilen einsenken. In den apikalen Anteilen des Riechepithels wird der Ausführungsgang von den benachbarten Sinnes- und Stützzellen nur durch eine normal breite Interzellularfuge getrennt. Im Ausführungsgang der Bowmanschen Drüse finden sich dunkle und helle auskleidende Zellen. Die durch Desmosomen miteinander verbundenen Epithelzellen der Ausführungsgänge zeigen Zeichen einer Sekretion. Die periphersten Ausläufer des Ausführungsgangepithels erstrecken sich lediglich bis in das Terminalplattenniveau der Stützzellen, mit denen sie sich durch desmosomenartige Kontaktzonen verbinden. In der Verlängerung der Ausführungsgänge wird das Lumen peripher des Terminalplattenniveaus von den apikalen Stützzellanteilen und deren Mikrovilli sowie von den obersten Anteilen der Dendriten, von den Riechköpfen und den Sinneshaaren der Rezeptorzellen umgrenzt. Im Lumen der Ausführungsgangverlängerung finden sich im Bereich des olfaktorischen Saumes flächenhafte Ansammlungen von Sekret. Das Sekret im intervillösen Raum des olfaktorischen Saumes zeigt eine besondere Affinität zu den Membranen der peripheren Sinneszellausläufer. In der intrauterinen Lebensphase ließ sich bisher kein Deckhäutchen feststellen. Die austrocknende Wirkung der Luft auf das Sekret der Bowmanschen Drüsen wird als Entstehungsmechanismus für das Deckhäutchen in Erwägung gezogen.
    Notes: Summary First appearance, structure and topological relations of Bowmans' glands in the regio olfactoria of white mice are described. The importance of these glands for the formation of the terminal mucous cover of the olfactory epithelium is discussed. In the last quarter of intrauterine life the glands of Bowman reach the lamina propria. In the terminal portion of the glands dark cells with many secretory droplets and pale cells with only a few of them can be seen. Secretory active cells are localized in the basal part of the olfactory epithelium as well. When entering the lamina propria the irregular wide basement membrane of the glands joins that one of the epithelium. It is possible to follow up this joined basement membrane for a short distance between the glands and the cells of the olfactory epithelium. Peripheral to the very basal part of the olfactory epithelium there is no basement membrane around the glands' tissue. Receptors and sustentacular cells are separated from the gland only by a normal intercellular space. The epithelium of the ducts consists of dark and light cells as well. They are connected with the sustentacular cells by desmosomelike contacts. In its prolongation the lumen of Bowman's duct is lined by the apical portions of the sustentacular cells and their microvilli, and by dendrites, olfactory vesicles, and sensory cilia of the receptor cells. In the region of cilia and microvilli one can see masses of secretion which have confluenced. In the intervillous space its special affinity to the receptor's membranes is evident. During the intrauterine phase of life no terminal mucous cover could be demonstrated. The drying effect of the air as a possible reason for the origin of the terminal mucous cover is discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 387-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; Mouse ; Follicular cells ; Marginal cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Follicular cells in the mouse adenohypophysis were studied electron microscopically. These elements appear to be very similar to the marginal cells that delineate both sides of the hypophyseal cleft. The mouse differs from most other species in that the follicular cells in the pars distalis and the marginal cells look completely inactive in young, intact animals. This makes the mouse exceptionally favorable for correlating morphological changes in the cells of both types with changes in the physiological state of the animal. Different treatments applied in the present investigation all induced morphological reactions in the follicular and/or marginal cells; these reactions were generally similar. Thus, morphological changes in the follicular or marginal cells should be considered as general phenomena accompanying many changes in the physiological state of the animal, rather than as a specific result of the treatment applied. In three experiments, the follicular and marginal cells were involved in the digestion of waste material from other cells. It is suggested that the morphological changes in the other experiments should also be interpreted as signs of such an activity. In the pars tuberalis of the young, intact mouse the follicular cells may show characteristics that in the pars distalis are found only under experimental conditions. Therefore, the follicular cells in this part of the hypophysis are probably in an active state.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tracheo-bronchial mucosa ; Amine-storing (enterochromaffin-like) cells ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tracheo-bronchial mucosa of the mouse has been found to contain an extensive system of argyrophilic epithelial cells. In the trachea the cells morphologically resemble enterochromaffin cells. Normally, these enterochromaffin-like cells contain no fluorogenic amine, as revealed by the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde technique. On the other hand the cells have the capacity to take up and decarboxylate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP); the amine formed is stored in the cytoplasm in a reserpine-sensitive store. This capacity to produce and store amines under experimental conditions may reflect the presence in the tracheal enterochromaffin-like cells of an amine which can not be demonstrated with available fluorescence histochemical techniques. In the electron microscope the tracheal enterochromaffin-like cells were identified by a positive argyrophil reaction and by their capacity to accumulate radioactivity after administration of 3H-DOPA or 3H-5-HTP as revealed by autoradiography. The radioactive labelling was associated with cytoplasmic electron-dense granules (800–1000 Å), suggesting that the amine formed was stored in these granules. Accordingly, the granules stained argentaffin after DOPA-pre-treatment of the animal. It is suggested that, like similar cells in the gastric mucosa, these argyrophilic enterochromaffin-like cells constitute an endocrine system in which amines are of cytophysiological importance.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 249-261 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromaffin tissue ; Ganglion cervicale uteri ; Mouse ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das chromaffine Gewebe im Ganglion cervicale uteri der Maus wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch in verschiedenen Funktionsstadien des Genitale untersucht. Die Befunde decken sich weitgehend mit den bisher bekannten Beobachtungen an extraadrenalem, chromaffinem Gewebe anderer Lokalisation. 1. Das chromaffine Gewebe besteht aus granulahaltigen Paraganglienzellen und Hüllzellen, die Schwannschen Zellen gleichen. 2. Die Granula der Paraganglienzellen sind sehr kontrastreich und von einer Membran umhüllt, die größeren Abstand von ihrem dichten Inhalt haben kann. 3. Gelegentlich sind die Paraganglienzellen mit Zilien ausgestattet. 4. Zellen mit wenig Granula haben ein kräftiger ausgebildetes rauhes endoplasmatisches Retikulum als Zellen mit hohem Granulagehalt. 5. Die paraganglionären Zellen haben keine besondere Beziehung zum Gefäßsystem. 6. Die Paraganglienzellen stehen mit Nervenendingungen durch Synapsen in Kontakt, die sowohl überwiegend synaptische Bläschen als auch überwiegend „dense core vesicles” enthalten können. Sie scheinen also sowohl durch cholinerge als auch durch adrenerge Innervation kontrolliert zu werden. 7. Unterschiede in der Ultrastruktur der Paraganglienzellen konnten nur zwischen ausgewachsenen und infantilen Tieren festgestellt werden. Letztere haben einen höheren Anteil an Zellen mit wenig Granula. 8. Die Befunde scheinen für eine lokale endokrine Beeinflussung der Nervenzellen des Ganglion cervicale uteri durch Abgabe von Katecholaminen aus den Paraganglienzellen zu sprechen.
    Notes: Summary The chromaffin tissue in the ganglion cervicale uteri of mice was investigated in different functional stages of their reproductive system by light and electron microscopy. The observations correspond to the findings obtained in extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue localized in other regions. 1. The chromaffin tissue consists of granule containing paraganglionic cells and of surrounding cells that resemble Schwann cells. 2. Occasionally the paraganglionic cells possess cilia. 3. The granules in the cytoplasm of paraganglionic cells are very electron dense and are enveloped by a membrane that forms a vesicle with a diameter either corresponding to that of the granule or considerably larger than the latter. 4. Cells with little granules have a better developed rough endoplasmic reticulum than cells with a great number of granules. 5. The paraganglionic cells have no special relationships to blood vessels. 6. The paraganglionic cells are innervated by synapses that possess synaptic vesicles and by synapses that show accumulations of dense core vesicles. The paraganglionic cells seem to be under the control of cholinergic and adrenergic innervation. 7. Differences of ultrastructure of the paraganglionic cells were seen only between adult and infantile animals. The latter have a greater number of cells containing only a small quantity of granules. 8. The findings suggest the hypothesis of a local endocrine influence of the paraganglionic cells on the neurons of the ganglion cervicale uteri by release of catecholamines.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 559-569 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cervicovaginal anlage ; Estradiol sensitive antigen ; Mouse ; Cell differentiation ; Immunocytology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells of the cervicovaginal epithelium of neonatal mice underwent morphological changes in response to estradiol injection. On the luminal border, estradiol treatment caused development of distinct microvilli and a prominent surface coat of delicate filamentous material. Very deep nuclear folds appeared, and the border between adjacent cells became strongly interdigitated. The cells developed a pronounced smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dark-stained membrane-bounded granules accumulated in the apical part of the cells. Estradiol promoted increased production of an antigenic material specific for the cervicovaginal epithelium (CVA). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated CVA in the most apical part of the cells, in the extracellular material on the epithelial surface, and in the intercellular spaces between adjacent epithelial cells. This was confirmed by immunoferritin methods, which revealed that the antigen was localized to the surface coat and to material adhering closely to the exterior of the cell membrane, the part facing the lumen and also the part facing intercellular spaces. Within the cells, ferritin tagging was recognized around the membranes enclosing the dark-stained granules in the apical part of the cells and also on the inside of the luminal cell membrane. This is so interpreted that CVA acquires its antigenic properties when passing out from the dark-stained granules through the surrounding envelope. CVA apparently forms part of the glycocalyx of the cervicovaginal cells.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 188-195 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus ; Mouse ; Mitosis ; Circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mitotic and pyknotic indices were calculated over a period of 24 hrs in four different zones of the mouse thymus (Balb/C). Counts were based on 1 micron sections of Epon-embedded tissue. This technique gives a more accurate mitotic index than has been calculated in the past because mitotic figures in the prophase stage are more easily recognizable. Mitotic as well as pyknotic index showed a distinct diurnal rhythm in the subcapsular zone, the rhythm being less distinct towards the medulla, where no significant diurnal fluctuations were demonstrated. It was shown that the index variations could be correlated to significant variations in the mitotic time.
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