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  • Regeneration  (9)
  • Springer  (9)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1972  (9)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (9)
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
Years
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1970-1974  (9)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Planaria ; Regeneration ; Connective tissue ; Differentiation ; Fibrillogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Head blastemas in regeneratingDugesia tigrina (Planaria) have been studied light microscopically and electron microscopically. Acid phosphatase activity has been followed in early blastemas using a light microscopical cytochemical method. The possibilities of a collagen synthesis inhibiting substance α-α′-dipyridyl in analyzing fibrillogenesis in planarians have been explored. Following a brief discussion of the neoblast concept the general organization and characteristics of the blastema are described. Regeneration of the muscle-connective tissue filament system including the subepidermal membrane is analyzed in detail. It is stressed that the muscle cells, the filamentous sheaths and the subepidermal membrane in planarians should be visualized as a mutually dependent, integrated system. The hypothesis is proposed that neoblasts differentiate into myoblasts which both synthesize myofilaments and collagen. Collagen forms the filaments of the subepidermal membrane-muscle sheath system. No certain interference with collagen synthesis and secretion could be demonstrated in the experiments involving α-α′-dipyridyl. There was no evidence for significant changes in the activity and pattern of acid phosphatase during early stages of regeneration. The problems concerning the existence of neoblasts, their participation in regeneration and their origin (stock cell or result of a dedifferentiation process) are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 306-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parenchyma of organs ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die sowohl nach singulärer 3H-Thymidin-Injektion als auch nach kontinuierlicher 3H-Thymidin-Dauerinfusion an Ratten erhobenen autoradiographischen Befunde lassen folgende Schlüsse ziehen: 1. Die während des Wachstums im Vergleich zum Ende der Foetalperiode ganz auffällige, unmittelbar postpartal nachweisbare Depression des 3H-Thymidin-Markierungs-Index im Parenchym von Leber, Niere und Pankreas wird auf eine funktionelle Umstellung und zumindest in der Leber auch auf eine strukturelle Umgestaltung bezogen. Schon am 30. Tag ergeben sich Anhaltspunkte für eine Umschaltung auf einen langsamen Proliferationsmodus, die bei 60 und 120 Tagen mit Halbierung der DNS-Syntheserate vollends abgeschlossen ist. 2. In der kompensatorisch regenerierenden Leber nach 2/3-Teilhepatektomie wird der Anteil nicht proliferierender Zellen — d.h. die non growth fraction — von juvenilen über eben ausgewachsene bis zu senilen Tieren kontinuierlich größer. 3. Bei der reparativen Regeneration in der unterbundenen Niere nach temporärer 1stündiger Ischämie ist der Proliferationsumfang in den am stärksten geschädigten Nephronabschnitten auch am größten. Es führt das Stratum subcorticale, dann folgt die Zona intermedia, das Stratum labyrinthicum und die Zona basalis. 4. Demgegenüber weist die Topik proliferierender Zellen bei kompensatorischer Nierenregeneration nach kontralateraler Ischämie bzw. Nephrektomie wohl quantitative aber keine qualitativen Unterschiede zu der beim physiologischen Zellersatz von Kontrollen auf. Das Stratum labyrinthicum zeigt die höchsten Werte und dann stellt sich eine stufenweise erfolgende Abnahme der prozentualen Markierung über das Stratum subcorticale zur Zona intermedia und Zona basalis ein. 5. Anhand der autoradiographischen Daten wird ein Modell für die Proliferation von Leberepithelien juveniler und ausgewachsener Ratten entworfen. Weiter befaßt sich dieses Modell mit der Zellneubildung nach Teilhepatektomie im Verlauf und nach Abschluß der Regeneration. Nach den entwickelten Vorstellungen wirkt eine partielle Hepatektomie an ausgewachsenen und senilen Tieren durch Verkleinerung der non growth fraction und Vergrößerung des proliferating pools im Sinne einer Verjüngerung der proliferatorischen Potenz des Leberepithels.
    Notes: Summary The autoradiographic results reported, are obtained on rats after single injections of 3H-thymidine as well as continuous 3H-thymidine infusions. They lead to the following conclusions: 1. Compared to the end of embryonic development the 3H-labelling index in parenchyma of liver (epithelium), kidney (tubule), and exocrine pancreas (acinus) is depressed during the first day of postnatal growth. From 1–4 days postpartal fluctuations occur, afterwards the labelling index increases between 7 and 12 days and from there on a decrease is observed up to 120 days. This depression and fluctuation of the labelling index is probably connected with a functional transposition and, especially in the liver, with a structural transformation. The reduction of the mean grain density of labelled nuclei by about a factor of 2, begins already at day 30 and is completed on day 60 and 120. It depends on a reduction of the rate of DNA synthesis. This might be explained as a consequence of a commutation from the rapid to the slow mode of cellular proliferation. 2. In the compensatory regenerating liver after 2/3 partial hepatectomy the portion of non labelled nuclei—i.e. the non growth fraction—increases continuously from juvenile to young adult and especially up to senile animals after a postoperative continuous 3H-thymidine infusion. 3. During reparative regeneration in the ligatured kidney following temporal (1 h) ischaemia the extent of proliferation after postoperative continuous 3H-thymidine infusion is hightest in those regions of the nephron with the largest postischaemic damage. The percentage of labelled nuclei decreases from the stratum subcorticale to the zona intermedia, stratum labyrinthicum, and zona basalis. 4. On the other hand only quantitative but not qualitative differences exist in the topic of proliferating cells between compensatory regeneration in the unligaturated kidney after contralateral temporal ischaemia or nephrectomy and the physiological cell renewal of controls. After continuous 3H-thymidine infusions the highest percentage of labelled cells is observed within the stratum labyrinthicum and then a gradual decrease occurs from there to the stratum subcorticale, zona intermedia and basalis. Thus, cellular proliferation in compensatory regeneration of the kidney is only an enhanced form of those proliferative processes occuring during physiological cell renewal. 5. With the autoradiographic data a model concerning proliferation of liver epithelia in juvenile and adult rats has been constructed. Furthermore this model deals with cell renewal during and after regeneration following partial hepatectomy. The conclusion is, that partial hepatectomy diminishes the non growth fraction and enlarges the proliferating pool. Thus this operation acts as a rejuvenating process in the proliferating potency of liver epithelia.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 103-130 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripheral nerves ; Myelinated axons ; Regeneration ; Sciatic nerve, rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the first six days after division myelinated axons in the proximal stump of rat sciatic nerves produce collateral and terminal sprouts. These are present as circumscribed “groups” which are positively distinguishable from clusters of non-myelinated axons. Two types of “groups” are identifiable, and their distribution in some of the nerve segments is analysed. Their evolution was followed in sequential nerve segments, the initial ‘tight’ structure becoming looser between 7 and 10 days, and myelinated axons appeared in them during this time. At this stage a complete basal lamina was present surrounding the entire “group”. Some of the cells in the “groups” did not have the characteristics of Schwann cells. Between 7 and 10 days after division alveolate vesicles and densely staining material in the cisternae of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were prominent in Schwann cells in the distal part of the proximal stump. It is thought that both types of “group” are developed from single myelinated axons and the name “regenerating unit” is proposed for both types. Their relationship to “clusters”, seen in the distal stump of regenerating peripheral nerves, and “onion bulbs”, present in some peripheral neuropathies, is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 165-203 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripheral nerves ; Regeneration ; Sciatic nerve, rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Between seven days and six weeks after division the internal architecture of rat sciatic nerves is altered, their original mono- or di-fascicular configuration being replaced by a collection of small fascicles each surrounded by perineurium. This change, called by us ‘compartmentation’, has a minimum retrograde extent of 3.5 mm and is brought about by changes in Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblasts, which undergo circumferential elongation to surround groups of axons and so come to resemble perineurial cells. Ultrastructural changes occur in these cells during compartmentation. There is a marked rise in the number of endoneurial fibroblasts in the distal segments of the proximal stump. The stimulus to the development of compartmentation is considered to be disturbance of the endoneurial environment following rupture of the perineurium. Changes in the structure and appearance of endoneurial cells suggest that metaplasia occurs between Schwann cells, endoneurial fibroblasts and perineurial cells, and it is concluded that these cell types in the endoneurium have a common origin from embryonic ectoderm. This suggests that the surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries should be primarily directed to the reconstitution of the endoneurial environment.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epithelial cells ; Echinoderm ; Asterina gibbosa ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'évolution ultrastructurale de la cellule neuroépithéliale a été faite, chez Asterina gibbosa, au cours de la régénération du bras. La dédifférenciation de la cellule, provoquée par l'amputation, se manifeste par la perte de sa partie apicale et la régression des structures cytoplasmiques: vésiculisation du Golgi et de l'ergastoplasme, fragmentation des microtubules. L'activation qui accompagne la dédifférenciation, se manifeste par la formation d'un nucléole au centre du noyau. Elle correspond à la reprise des synthèses d'ARN. La cellule dédifférenciée est caractérisée par un nucléole excentré et l'abondance des ribosomes libres. La différenciation débute par le regroupement en rosettes des ribosomes et le développement des canalicules ergastoplasmiques. Le Golgi réapparaît au voisinage du noyau. Les mitochondries se disposent aux pôles basal et apical de la cellule, où les microtubules se reconstitutent. En fin de différenciation, les cellules se réorganisent pour édifier un épithélium cicatriciel limité par une basale. Le tissu épidermique se différencie à partir des éléments de même origine sans l'intervention de cellules souches.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural differentiation of the neuroepithelial cell in the course of regeneration in Asterina gibbosa has been investigated up. Cell differentiation, induced by cutting the arm off, is characterized by loss of the apical cell pole and alteration of cytoplasmic structures: vesiculation of the Golgi apparatus and the ergastoplasm, fragmentation of microtubules. Activation, which parallels dedifferentiation, induces the appearance of a nucleolus in the center of the nucleus. This means that RNA synthesis is starting again. A dedifferentiated cell shows an eccentric nucleolus and many free ribosomes. Differentiation beginning, clusters of ribosomes and the development of tubular ergastoplasmic formations can be observed. The Golgi apparatus is located near the nucleus. Mitochondria gather at basal and apical part of the cell, where also microtubules are forming again. In the last stage of differentiation, cells are joining up and build a scar epithelium resting on a basement membrane. Epidermic tissue differentiates only from epidermic cells. Blast cells have no part in this process.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 103-130 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripheral nerves ; Myelinated axons ; Regeneration ; Sciatic nerve, rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the first six days after division myelinated axons in the proximal stump of rat sciatic nerves produce collateral and terminal sprouts. These are present as circumscribed “groups” which are positively distinguishable from clusters of non-myelinated axons. Two types of “groups” are identifiable, and their distribution in some of the nerve segments is analysed. Their evolution was followed in sequential nerve segments, the initial ‘tight’ structure becoming looser between 7 and 10 days, and myelinated axons appeared in them during this time. At this stage a complete basal lamina was present surrounding the entire “group”. Some of the cells in the “groups” did not have the characteristics of Schwann cells. Between 7 and 10 days after division alveolate vesicles and densely staining material in the cisternae of the rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were prominent in Schwann cells in the distal part of the proximal stump. It is thought that both types of “group” are developed from single myelinated axons and the name “regenerating unit” is proposed for both types. Their relationship to “clusters”, seen in the distal stump of regenerating peripheral nerves, and “onion bulbs”, present in some peripheral neuropathies, is discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 283-302 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human placenta ; Langhans cells ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Langhanszellen in menschlichen Placentazotten werden nach ultrastrukturellen Kriterien in undifferenzierte, wenig differenzierte, mäßig differenzierte, syncytiumähnliche und degenerierende Formen unterteilt. Im Laufe der Schwangerschaft vermehren sich die undifferenzierten und die syncytiumähnlichen Zellen zu Ungunsten der mäßig differenzierten. Die in der 9. Woche fast vollständige Cytotrophoblastlage wird in der reifen Placenta auf etwa 20% der Oberfläche reduziert; die verbliebenen Zellen liegen überwiegend in Kapillarnähe. In chronisch mangelernährten Placenten ist die Zahl der Langhanszellen größer, ihr Cytoplasma ist dichter und organellenreicher. In den schwersten Fällen geht das Syncytium zugrunde, und Langhanszellen grenzen an den intervillösen Raum. Vergleiche histochemischer, experimenteller und klinischer Befunde ergeben, daß die Teilungstendenz der Langhanszellen bei guter Versorgungslage gering ist. Da die syncytiale Verschmelzung unter diesen Bedingungen leicht ist, nimmt die Zellzahl ab. Bei chronischer Ischaemie der Zotten dagegen nimmt die Proliferations- und Differenzierungstendenz des Cytotrophoblasten zu. Bei erschwerter syncytialer Verschmelzung steigt die absolute Umwandlungsrate an. Es gelangen damit vermehrt neugebildete hochaktive Enzymsysteme in den Syncytiotrophoblasten. Dieses Verhalten bedingt die Bedeutung der Langhanszellen als Teil eines Regelkreises zur Regeneration des Syncytiums unter normalen und unter pathologischen Bedingungen.
    Notes: Summary The Langhans cells in human placental villi are subdivided according to ultrastructural criteria into undifferentiated, poorly differentiated, moderately differentiated, syncytium-resembling and degenerated forms. In the course of pregnancy the undifferentiated and the syncytium-resembling cells increase to the debit of the poorly differentiated. The cytotrophoblastic layer which is almost complete at the 9th week of gestation is reduced in the mature placenta to about 20% of the total surface area; the remaining cells are situated mainly near the capillaries. In chronically undernourished placentae the number of Langhans cells is increased; their cytoplasm is denser and contains more organelles. In the most severe cases the syncytium becomes necrotic and Langhans cells lie at the intervillous space. Comparisons of histochemical, experimental and clinical findings show that the tendency of the Langhans cells to proliferate is small if the placenta is well supplied. Since the syncytial fusion is easy under these conditions the cell number declines. In chronic ischemia of the villi, however, the tendency of the cytotrophoblast to proliferate and differentiate increases. Though the syncytial fusion is moderately aggravated the absolute rate of transformation increases. Therefore more newly formed, highly active enzymatic systems reach the syncytiotrophoblast. This mode of action shows the importance of the Langhans cells as a part of a feed back system for the regeneration of the syncytium under normal and pathological conditions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 529-543 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic nerves ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Degeneration ; Regeneration ; Fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In parallel fine structural, fluorescence histochemical and biochemical experiments the effect of 6-OH-DA administered in vivo and in vitro on the adrenergic nerves in the mouse iris was studied. As seen in the electron microscope, in vivo administration of 6-OH-DA causes a selective, rapid degeneration of the adrenergic axon terminals similar to that found after axotomy, whereas the cholinergic nerves are unaffected at all time intervals studied. Already 1 hr after the injection of 6-OH-DA the axonal enlargements swell and the size of the dense core of the granular vesicles is strongly reduced. Since the NA stores are almost completely depleted at this time interval, the small core present may be due to a reaction between 6-OH-DA and the fixative. From 2–4 hr after the injection increasing numbers of axonal enlargements with a high electron density are observed in the Schwann cell cytoplasm, which later are digested and completely absent about 48–72 hr after the 6-OH-DA injection. During the following weeks adrenergic axons reappear. This time course of degeneration obtained is considerably faster than that seen after axotomy in other studies. After incubation in 6-OH-DA containing media similar changes were observed in the axonal enlargements, starting already after 30 min of incubation. At this time-point there is a considerable reduction of endogenous NA and a severe damage of the “membrane pump” uptake mechanism. Incubation with 6-OH-DA and subsequent rinsing for 2 hr caused marked changes, including partly swelling of axons and partly shrinking of the axons into electron dense bodies. The fluorescence histochemical and biochemical results are in good agreement with the ultrastructural studies demonstrating a rapid loss of NA from the adrenergic nerve terminals and main axons and a long lasting depletion of the NA, with a gradual recovery to 75% 6 weeks after the injection.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Metaplasia ; Regeneration ; Rat tendon ; Light- and Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of cartilage and bone in the regenerating segment of the tendon of Achilles following transection has been studied with regeneration taking place in situ, and also following transplantation to a subcutaneous site. Prior to transplantation regeneration was allowed to proceed in situ for various periods of time. It was observed that cartilage and bone develop from the cells of certain pre-cartilaginous areas which represent a metaplasia from fibroblasts. Transplantation to the subcutaneous site at a stage of regeneration when pre-cartilaginous or cartilaginous foci are present leads to the eventual development of bone in the transplant. Transplants made prior to the development of pre-cartilage or cartilage do not show bony metaplasia. It is concluded that the tension of muscle pull is a factor stimulating the metaplastic transformation of fibroblasts to chondroblasts, but once this transformation has occurred the progression to bony metaplasia continues, independently of tension.
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