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  • Articles  (14)
  • Differentiation  (9)
  • Innervation
  • Springer  (14)
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (14)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1972  (14)
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  • Articles  (14)
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  • Springer  (14)
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  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (14)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 9 (1972), S. 140-151 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Cartilage ; Epiphysis ; Cell ; Differentiation ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude ultrastructurale de chondrocytes hypertrophiques est rendue possible par suite d'une meilleure méthode de fixation. Contrairement à l'opinion qui veut que les cellules hypertrophiques meurent, nos résultats suggèrent nettement une activité cellulaire allant du début de la croissance de la cellule au stade où la lacune s'ouvre. La séquence des altérations cellulaires est décrite, en allant de l'augmentation de l'ergastoplasme à la présence de ribosomes libres et de granules denses aux électrons dans les mitochondries. Les diverses fonctions possibles de la cellule sont décrites. Il est possible que les chondrocytes hypertrophiques se transforment en cellules osseuses.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Eine verbesserte Fixationsmethode ermöglichte die Untersuchung der Feinstruktur des hypertrophischen Chondrocyten. Im Gegensatz zur allgemeinen Annahme, daß die hypertrophischen Zellen absterben, weisen unsere Resultate deutlich darauf hin, daß die Zellaktivität vom Moment der Zellvergrößerung bis zum Stadium, in welchem die Lacunen aufbrechen, vorhanden ist. Der Ablauf der Veränderungen innerhalb der Zelle wurde beschrieben, wobei die hervorstechendsten Charakteristika die Zunahme des endoplasmatischen Reticulums, das Auftreten von vielen freien Ribosomen und das Vorkommen von elektronenmikroskopisch dichten Granula in den Mitochondrien waren. Die möglichen Funktionen der Zelle wurde besprochen. Es ist äußerst interessant, daß dadurch die Hypothese, wonach die hypertrophischen Chondrocyten schließlich zu Knochenzellen werden, unterstützt wird.
    Notes: Abstract A study of the ultrastructure of the hypertrophic chondrocyte has been made possible by an improved method of fixation. In contrast to the general belief that the hypertrophic cells die, our results strongly suggest cell activity from the beginning of enlargement of the cell up to the stage where the lacuna breaks open. The sequence of alterations within the cell have been described, with the increase of endoplasmic reticulum contents, the appearance of many free ribosomes and the occurrence of electron-dense granules in the mitochondria as the most prominent characteristics. The possible functions of the cell have been discussed. Most interesting is the support for the hypothesis that hypertrophic chondrocytes may ultimately become bone cells.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Planaria ; Regeneration ; Connective tissue ; Differentiation ; Fibrillogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Head blastemas in regeneratingDugesia tigrina (Planaria) have been studied light microscopically and electron microscopically. Acid phosphatase activity has been followed in early blastemas using a light microscopical cytochemical method. The possibilities of a collagen synthesis inhibiting substance α-α′-dipyridyl in analyzing fibrillogenesis in planarians have been explored. Following a brief discussion of the neoblast concept the general organization and characteristics of the blastema are described. Regeneration of the muscle-connective tissue filament system including the subepidermal membrane is analyzed in detail. It is stressed that the muscle cells, the filamentous sheaths and the subepidermal membrane in planarians should be visualized as a mutually dependent, integrated system. The hypothesis is proposed that neoblasts differentiate into myoblasts which both synthesize myofilaments and collagen. Collagen forms the filaments of the subepidermal membrane-muscle sheath system. No certain interference with collagen synthesis and secretion could be demonstrated in the experiments involving α-α′-dipyridyl. There was no evidence for significant changes in the activity and pattern of acid phosphatase during early stages of regeneration. The problems concerning the existence of neoblasts, their participation in regeneration and their origin (stock cell or result of a dedifferentiation process) are discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Penis retractor muscle ; Helix pomatia ; Innervation ; Neuromuscular junctions ; Synaptic vesicles ; Neurotransmitter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Penisretraktormuskel von Helix pomatia wird von dicken Nervenstämmen durchzogen, die wahrscheinlich Nervennetze darstellen. Im kontrahierten Muskel sind sie mäanderförmig aufgefaltet, im gedehnten glattgezogen. Vier verschiedene Vesikeltypen lassen sich nach Größe und Inhalt in den Nerven unterscheiden. Varicöse Einzelfasern begleiten die Muskelzellen. Häufig verlaufen die Terminalen in einer Furche der Muskelfaser. Praesynaptisch erkennt man bei bestimmten Axontypen Vesikelanhäufungen und Verdickungen der Terminalenmembran. Terminale und Muskelzelle sind durch einen Spalt von 300 AE Breite voneinander getrennt. Die Muskelfasermembran bildet keine subsynaptischen Falten aus. Neben diesen Axonen durchziehen dünne, nackte Neuriten das Bindegewebe, die durch einen hohen Gehalt an Neurotubuli ausgezeichnet sind.
    Notes: Summary The penis retractor muscle of Helix pomatia is passed by thick nerve trunks, which probably are nerve nets. In the contracted muscle, they are folded meanderlike, in the extended they are pulled smooth. Four types of vesicles different in size and contents can be distinguished in the nerves. Varicose fibres accompany the muscle cells. Frequently the terminals are running in a groove of the muscle fibre. In certain axon types occur presynaptic accumulations of vesicles and thickenings of the terminal membrane. Terminal and muscle cell are separated by a cleft of 300 AE width. The muscle fibre membrane has no subsynaptic infoldings. Beside these axons thin, naked neurites are running through the connective tissue. They are characterized by a high content of neurotubuli. One part of the axons presumably possesses a monoaminergic transmitter. After the glutaraldehyde-dichromate-reaction they contain dense grana, whose diameters are mainly below 1000 AE. The nerve trunks fluoresce after exposure to paraformaldehyde vapour, excited with UV-light, green to green-yellow. The maximum of the excitation was determined at 413 nm and the maximum of emission at 496 respectively at 510 nm. It is concluded, that both, a catecholamine and 5-HT are responsible for the fluorescence. Extraction and paperchromatographic separation lead to the opinion, that the catecholamine is dopamine.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 50-86 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary glands ; Drosophila, larval ; Differentiation ; Involution ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung bzw. Differenzierung der larvalen Speicheldrüse vonDrosophila melanogaster wurde an genau datierten Altersstadien aus dem III. Larvenstadium, der Vorpuppe und der Puppe mit lichtmikroskopischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Zur Vermeidung großer Streuung im physiologischen Alter der Tiere wurde eine Kulturmethode entwickelt, die es erlaubt, die Häutungen zu beobachten und zur Altersbestimmung heranzuziehen. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt: 1. Die Speicheldrüse besteht bis zur Mitte des III. Larvenstadiums morphologisch aus einem einheitlichen Zelltypus, der sehr kleine Sekretgrana (∅ 0,3 μm) bildet. Diese sammeln sich am Zellapex. Die Vermutung liegt nahe, daß es sich um ein Verdauungssekret handelt.In der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums differenzieren sich drei Zelltypen, die hier Corpuszellen, Übergangszellen und Halszellen genannt werden. Dabei ist ein Differenzierungsgradient von distal nach proximal zu beobachten. Die distal gelegenenCorpuszellen stellen die Bildung des Verdauungssekretes in der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums ein und bilden stattdessen ein Klebesekret. Dieses Sekret wird in Form großer Grana (∅ bis zu 10 μm) zunächst in den Zellen gespeichert und kurz vor der Pupariumbildung ins Lumen der Drüse abgegeben. Kurz nach der Pupariumbildung wird das Klebesekret aus dem Körper entlassen und dient dazu, die Tönnchenpuppe an einem trockenen Substrat anzuheften. Das Klebesekret ist PAS-positiv. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um ein Mucoproteid. Während des Vorpuppenstadiums bilden sich in den Corpuszellen große Vakuolen, die auf Grund der elektronenmikroskopischen Befunde als Ausdruck einer weiteren Sekretionsphase und nicht als beginnende Degeneration gedeutet werden. Die mögliche Bedeutung dieses Sekretes wird diskutiert. DieÜbergangszellen liegen zwischen den Corpuszellen und den Halszellen. Sie bilden ebenfalls Klebesekret, jedoch mit zeitlicher Verzögerung. Kurz vor der Pupariumbildung sind sie wie die Corpuszellen mit ausgereiften Klebesekretgrana beladen und von diesen nicht mehr zu unterscheiden. Die proximal gelegenenHalszellen bilden kein Klebesekret, sondern setzen die Bildung des Verdauungssekretes in der 2. Hälfte des III. Larvenstadiums fort. Während des Vorpuppenstadiums bilden sich in den Halszellen nicht die großen Vakuolen wie in den Corpuszellen. 2. Die Involution der larvalen Speicheldrüse erfolgt nach der Puppenhäutung durch Autolyseprozesse, die am distalen Ende der Drüse beginnen und innerhalb 1 Std alle Zellen mit Ausnahme der Imaginalanlage erfassen. 3. Die in dieser Untersuchung erhobenen entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Befunde anDrosophila melanogaster werden mit Beobachtungen anDrosophila virilis, D. robusta undD. hydei verglichen. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, daß die Entwicklung der larvalen Speicheldrüsen von verschiedenenDrosophila-Arten enge Parallelen aufweist. Die bisher bekannten Zusammenhänge zwischen Stoffwechselaktivitäten im Zytoplasma und Genaktivitäten (Puffmuster) an den Riesenchromosomen dieser Zellen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The development and differentiation of the larval salivary glands ofDrosophila melanogaster have been investigated with light and electron microscopical methods. The organ has been dissected out of exactly dated stages of the III. instar larva, the prepupa and the early pupa. In order to avoid great variations in the physiological age of the animals a culture method has been developed, enabling the larval molts to be observed and used for identification of the age. The results are as follows: 1. The salivary gland of the early larva up to the middle of the III. instar period is a homogenous sack consisting of one sort of cells, in which very small secretion granules (∅ 0,3 μm) are synthesized. These secretion granules concentrate near the cellular apex. They are supposed to contain digestion enzymes. 2. In the second half of the III. larval instar period three cell types are differentiated, which are called corpus cells, transitional cells and collum cells. A gradient of differentiation from distal to proximal can be observed. 3. Thecorpus cells, located at the distal part of the gland, stop the production of digestion enzymes in the second half of the III. larval instar period and begin to synthesize a cement substance. This cement first is stored in grana (∅ up to 10 μm) inside the corpus cells. Shortly before puparium formation it is extruded into the lumen of the gland. Shortly after puparium formation it is expectorated out of the mouth, runs along the body wall and affixes the puparium to the substrate. The cement is PAS-positive, probably being a mucoproteid. In the corpus cells large vacuoles are formed during the prepupal instar period. On the basis of these electron microscopical results the vacuoles are interpreted to represent another form of a secretory product and not an equivalent of beginning degeneration. The possible function of this substance is discussed. 4. Thetransitional cells are located between the corpus cells and the collum cells. They also synthesize cement at a delayed rate, through shortly before puparium formation they are filled with cement like the corpus cells and cannot be distinguished from the latter. Thecollum cells form the most proximal part of the salivary gland. They do not produce cement but continue to synthesize digestion enzyme granules in the second half of the III. instar period. The large secretion vacuoles, found in the corpus cells during the prepupal instar period, are not synthesized in the collum cells. 5. The involution of the larval salivary gland begins after pupation and is indicated by autolytic processes, which begin at the distal end of the gland. One hour later all cells exept the imaginalanlage show signs of degeneration. 6. The course of development of the salivary glands investigated in the present study inDrosophila melanogaster is compared with similar investigations onDrosophila virilis, robusta andhydei. It is pointed out that the development of the larval salivary gland in different species ofDrosophila shows close parallels. The relationships between metabolic activities in the cytoplasm and gene physiological activities (pattern of puffs) on the giant chromosomes, as known so far, are discussed.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 347-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatozoon ; Pleurodeles ; Acrosome ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'origine et la morphogenèse des différents éléments de l'acrosome du spermatozoīde dePleurodeles waltlii ont été suivies et décrites depuis le tout début de la spermiogenèse. La formation de la vésicule acrosomienne et son évolution en une coiffe acrosomienne se fait selon le schéma classique. Son extrémité apicale se différencie tardivement en un bouton terminal et un crochet. Les trois parties de la coiffe diffèrent dans leur composition et leur structure fine. Les volumineux et complexes éléments situés sous la coiffe acrosomienne: axe, baguette puis manchon périphérique et manchon moyen, sont dépourvus de polysaccharides. Leur origine est envisagées. Ils sont comparés aux éléments situés dans l'espace sous-acrosomien des spermatozoīdes des autres vertébrés.
    Notes: Summary The origin and the morphogenesis of the acrosome different parts ofPleurodeles spermatozoon, have been investigated and described from the early beginning spermiogenesis process. The acrosomal vesicle and acrosomal cap formation take place according to the classical scheme. The acrosomal anterior tip cap late differentiate in a blunt terminal knob and a hook. The three cap parts differ in their composition and fine structure. The large and complicated structure stretching under the acrosomal cap: axis, peripheral muff and middle muff, are devoided of polysaccharides; their origin is discussed. They are compared with the subacrosomal components lying in the other vertebrates spermatozoon subacrosomal space.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 361-382 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Placenta (human) ; Syncytiotrophoblast ; Differentiation ; Function ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung des Zottentrophoblasten der menschlichen Placenta von der 9. Woche bis zur Geburt wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Differenzierung nicht kontinuierlich sondern in Schüben abläuft. Hiernach wurde eine Stadieneinteilung durchgeführt: Im undifferenzierten Tertiärzottenstadium (bis zur 14. Woche) ist das Zottensyncytium weitgehend einheitlich strukturiert. Nach dem unterschiedlichen Dilatationsgrad des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums sowie Häufigkeit und Struktur apikaler Vakuolen ist eine noch weitergehende Unterteilung möglich. Durch zentrifugale Kapillarwanderungen bedingte Kernverschiebungen im Syncytium führen um die 15. Woche zur Ausbildung von Epithelplatten, Syncytialknoten, Proliferationsknoten und syncytialen Brücken. Hiermit wird der Übergang zum differenzierten Tertiärzottenstadium vollzogen. Um die 22. Woche treten Areale mit glattem endoplasmatischen Retikulum und Syncytiumlamellen über Langhanszellen hinzu. Eine weitere Untergliederung des kernlosen und des kernhaltigen Syncytiums führt ab der 28. Woche zum typischen Bild der reifen Placentazotte mit mosaikartig angeordneten, morphologisch und funktionell differenzierten Syncytiumarealen. Vergleiche mit biochemischen Aktivitätskurven der Placenta und mit tierischen Placenten bestätigen diese Stadieneinteilung und erlauben teilweise gleichzeitig eine funktionelle Deutung der Stadien und ihrer morphologischen Erscheinungsbilder.
    Notes: Summary The structural development of the human trophoblastic epithelium from the 9th week of gestation up to term has been investigated by means of electron microscopy. Up to the 14th week the syncytium of the tertiary villi shows an entirely homogenous ultrastructural pattern, although regional variants in both the amount of large apical vacuoles and the appearance of rough membranes exist. From approximately the 15th week on the capillaries grow eccentrically and approach very closely to the trophoblastic epithelium. The outbulging terminal vessels cause various differentiations of the overlying syncytium (syncytial knots or sprouts, syncytial bridges, epithelial plates). Accumulation of smooth membranes can be observed in the syncytial layer from the 22nd week onwards. The mature syncytium is characterized by subdivision of the formerly homogenous syncytial layer into morphologically and functionally different areas, which form a mosaic-like pattern due to irregular distribution of the nuclei and different ultrastructural organization of the cytoplasmic constituents. An attempt has been made to correlate the different stages of ultrastructural development with various biochemical and endocrinological data.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 353-377 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis ; TSH-cells ; Xenopus laevis ; Differentiation ; MTU-treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Strukturveränderungen der TSH-Zellen von Xenopus laevis im Verlaufe der Normalentwicklung und nach Belastung mit Methylthiouracil sind elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht worden. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt: Die thyreotropen Zellen lassen sich aufgrund ihrer polymorphen Granulation erstmals bei jungen Larven vereinzelt im Stadium 45, zahlreicher im Stadium 47, nachweisen. Form und Größe der sekretorischen Granula zeigen in verschiedenen Entwicklungs- und Funktionsphasen auffällige Veränderungen. Nach einem Durchmesserminimum im Stadium 49 K (frühe Ausschüttungsphase) erfolget eine Granulavergrößerung und Abrundung der Granulaform bis Stadium 59 K (Speicherphase). Bis Stadium 61 K ist eine Granulaverkleinerung und das Auftreten einer neuen, kleinen, stärker polymorphen Granulapopulation beobachtet worden (Ausschüttung und Neubildung). Nach MTU-Behandlung zeigt sich ein entsprechender Verlauf der Granulaveränderungen, jedoch mit höheren Durchschnittswerten und zeitlich wie stadienbezogenen Verschiebungen gegenüber den Kontrollen. Die funktionelle Deutung der Veränderungen des Granulastatus sowie die übrigen cytologischen Kriterien bestätigen und ergänzen unsere Vorstellungen vom Aktivitätsverlauf des Hypophysen-Schilddrüsen-Systems in der Amphibienontogenese.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes of the TSH-cells in Xenopus laevis have been investigated in the course of normal development and after thiouracil-treatment. Individually at stage 45, and in larger numbers at stage 47, the thyrotropic cells are detected first in young larvae by their polymorph granulation. Significant changes in size and shape of these secretory granules occur during the different developmental and functional periods. The size-minimum at stage 49 K (early discharge period) is followed by an enlargement of the granules and a rounding-off of their shape up to stage 59 K (period of storage). Up to stage 61 K a decrease in granule-size as well as the appearance of a new population of small, more polymorph elements are to be observed (discharge and new formation). After MTU-treatment a corresponding course of granule-modifications is to be found, but if compared with the controls, there are larger granule-sizes as well as variations regarding age and stage of the animals. The granulation and other cytologic criteria confirm and complete current ideas of the functional development of the pituitary-thyroid-system during the ontogeny of the Amphibia.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 204-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca) ; Anterior byssal retractor muscle ; Innervation ; Osmium-zinc iodide technique (Maillet)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intrinsic innervation of the anterior byssal retractor muscle in Mytilus edulis L. has been demonstrated using Maillet's osmium-zinc iodide technique (ZIO). Grouped and isolated osmiophilic cells, thought to be neurons, and nerve fibers forming neuromuscular contacts and nerve endings, have been observed. When the period of fixation is not overly prolonged, glio-interstitial cells may also be distinguished.
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  • 9
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    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 415-434 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia ; Hereditary diabetes insipidus mice ; Hypertrophied pars intermedia ; Cell type ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the pars intermedia (PI) of the normal VII +/+ and hereditary nephrogenic diabetes inspidus DI Os/+ mice has been studied with particular reference to the morphology of the glandular cells and their innervation. Four types of cells were observed in both the genotypes of mice, 1) the light glandular cell, 2) the dark cell, 3) a type of cell similar to ependymal cells and 4) a small percentage of typical ACTH cells, observed mostly on the PI border of the cleft and rarely in the centre of PI. The predominant light glandular cells contain mainly two types of membrane bound granules: 1) electron dense core granules, which measure 1500–2500 Å and 2) electron lucent vesicles, which measure 3000–4000 Å in diameter. Granules of intermediate size with various density are also present in both types of mice. The electron dense core granules are predominant in DI Os/+ mice, whereas, electron lucent vesicles are predominant in the normal VII +/+ mice. Similar uniform size membrane bound electron dense granules have been observed in ACTH cells of PI and pars distalis. From earlier experimental evidences and the present observations, it is concluded that the dense core granules in PI may be synthesizing ACTH or ACTH-like substance. It is also discussed that these dense core granules may further mature and give rise to MSH in the form of electron lucent vesicles. If it is so, PI light glandular cells may have dual functions, of producing MSH and ACTH. One of the functions of ependymal-like cells, may be the transport of PI secretion. Three types of nerve endings are observed throughout the PI, making synaptic contact with the predominant cell type. The innervation is more in DI Os/+ mice than in normal mice. The classification of these nerves is according to Bargmann and co-workers 1) peptidergic neurosecretory fibers, contain mainly membrane bound dense core granules, measuring 1200 to 1800 Å, and are the classic neurosecretory granules; 2) adrenergic fibers, measuring 700–900 Å; 3) cholinergic fibers, measuring 300–400 Å. Adrenergic and cholinergic fibers are more towards the hypophysial cleft. The increased innervation, the synaptic contact, the extremely hypertrophied PI and the greater activity of its light glandular cells in the DI Os/+ mice show the PI is under the influence of the nervous system.
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  • 10
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    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 435-438 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salt gland ; Birds ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the salt gland of the goose, the duck and the swan was investigated by means of electron microscopy. Axonal swellings were observed in relationship to secretory cells as well as to central duct cells. The terminals contain synaptic and densecored vesicles. There are no specialized pre- and postsynaptic membranes.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paracervical ganglion ; Differentiation ; Influence of steroid hormones ; Fluorescence microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of hydrocortisone, prednisolone, estrogen, progesterone and testosteron on the differentiation of the paracervical ganglion of the rat uterus was examined by the formaldehyde induced fluorescence (FIF) method. Prednisolone and hydrocortisone treatment caused about a tenfold increase in the number of small, intensively fluorescent (SIF) cells. The SIF-cells were larger and organized in larger groups than in untreated animals. The SIF-cells were also arranged in a satellite cell position around the ganglion cells, which were non-fluorescent or showed a weak to moderate FIF. The amount of solitary SIF-cells was increased. No effects detectable by the FIF-method were found with certainty after administration of estrogen, progesterone or testosterone. The effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of autonomic ganglia is discussed. It seems probable that the main part of the developing SIF-cells after glucocorticoid treatment develop from undifferentiated neural cells.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain capillaries ; Chicken ; Intercellular junctions ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours du développement embryonnaire du Poulet, les cellules endothéliales des bourgeons vasculaires et des capillaires néo-formés du télencéphale sont unies par des jonctions transitoires au niveau desquelles les feuillets externes des membranes plasmiques n'ont pas fusionné et sont séparés par un espace intercellulaire mesurable. Des points de fusion de ces feuillets externes apparaissent peu à peu et au hasard dans la zone du contact intercellulaire. Entre ces points persistent des espaces intercellulaires qui assurent encore la communication entre la lumière du capillaire et l'espace extracellulaire du tissu nerveux. L'adjonction de nouveaux points de fusion, entre ceux existant déjà, conduit à la disparition progressive de l'espace intercellulaire et à la formation de véritables zonulae occludentes.
    Notes: Summary During the embryonic development of the chick, the endothelial cells of the vascular sprouts and of the newly-formed capillaries in the telencephalon are linked by transitory junctions at the level of which the external leaflets of the plasma membrane are not fused and are separated by a measurable intercellular space. Some points of fusion of these external leaflets gradually appear at random in the area of the intercellular contact. Between these points of fusion, some intercellular spaces persist which still allow the communication between the capillary lumen and the extracellular space in the nervous tissue. The adjunction of new points of fusion between the preexisting ones, leads progressively to the disappearance of these intercellular spaces and to the formation of true zonulae occludentes.
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  • 13
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    Cell & tissue research 123 (1972), S. 55-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine glands ; Rabbit ; Glandula infraorbitalis buccalis ; Extrusion mechanism ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Glandula infraorbitalis buccalis von Kaninchen ist eine muköse Drüse vom tubulo-acinösen Typ. Sie mündet in die Mundhöhle. Das elektronenmikroskopisch sehr strahlendurchlässige Sekret gelangt nach Ruptur des apikalen Plasmalemms in die Lichtung. Der Extrusion kann eine ballonartige Vorwölbung der Plasmamembran vorausgehen. Alle Drüsenzellen enthalten ausgedehnte Ergastoplasmabezirke, zahlreiche Mitochondrien und einen stark entfalteten Golgi-Komplex. Interzelluläre Sekretkanälchen sind niemals ausgebildet. Alle Drüsenzellen werden vielmehr an den apikalen und seitlichen Kontaktflächen durch ein differenziertes Schlußleistennetz und durch Desmosomen verbunden. Kurze Schaltstücke stellen die Verbindung mit intralobulären Gängen her. Streifenstücke fehlen. Terminale Nervenfasern mit bekannter Innenstruktur durchbrechen die Basalmembran und lagern sich den Drüsen- und Myoepithelzellen eng an.
    Notes: Summary The glandula infraorbitalis buccalis in rabbits represents the type of a tubuloacinar mucous secreting gland. The secretory product of gland cells is electron lucent. Extrusion generally is characterized by the formation of an opening at the cell surface and the discharge of the secretory material. Intercellular canaliculi are absent. Mitochondria and arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum are more numerous than in other mucous glands of rabbits. Intercalated ducts are short and connect the tubules with intralobular ducts. Striated ducts are absent in the infraorbital gland. Nerve terminals occur in some instances between gland cells and between glandular and myoepithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 371-398 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spermatozoon ; Pleurodeles ; Neck region ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'évolution des différents éléments de la région cervicale du spermatozoïde dePleurodeles waltlii a été suivie et décrite depuis le tout début de la spermiogenèse. Leur origine est parfois délicate à définir. Certains dictyosomes restent en relation constante avec les granules péricentriolaires et les deux anneaux différents, même lorsque ces derniers quittent la région acrosomienne. L'élaboration du cou enfoncé dans la profonde fossette nucléaire ne semble pas se faire à partir des centrioles. L'origine nucléaire de certaines protéines basiques qui le composent est envisagée en fonction de la concordance étroite entre sa formation et le remplacement des histones riches en lysine par les histones enrichies en arginine. Les différentes preuves morphologiques de passage au niveau de l'enveloppe nucléaire ont été recherchées. Les voies d'un éventuel transfert n'ont pu être clairement définies. La zone cervicale de la spermatide de pleurodèle est comparée à la région équivalente du spermatozoïde d'insecte et de mammifère. Certains éléments de la spermatide jeune présentent des caractères communs avec le corps chromatoïde des mammifères. Leur mode d'évolution est relativement semblable. Les spermatides d'urodèles semblent donc posséder un corps chromatoïde comme celles de la plupart des autres vertébrés.
    Notes: Summary The development of the different components of thePleurodeles spermatozoon neck region have been investigated and described from the early beginning spermiogenesis process. In some cases their origine is not well defined. Some dictyosomes remain in a constant relationship with the pericentriolar granule and the two different rings, even after they had left the acrosomal region. The development of the neck in a deep postnuclear niche, does not seem related with the centrioles. The nuclear origine of some basic proteins of the neck is discussed in relation to the close correspondence between their appearance and the substitution of the lysine rich histone by the arginine rich histone in the nuclear. The various morphologic signs of transit at the nuclear envelope level have been investigated. The ways along which some materials is eventually transferred out of the nucleus remained an open question. ThePleurodeles spermatid neck region is compared with the same region of the insect and mammalian sperm. Some components of thePleurodeles young spermatids display common characters with the mammalian chromatoid body. Their development are fairly similar. Thus the Urodele spermatid seems to posses a chromatoîd body like most other vertebrate spermatids.
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