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  • Articles  (30)
  • Light and electron microscopy  (30)
  • Springer  (30)
  • Wiley
  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (30)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1973  (23)
  • 1972  (7)
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  • Articles  (30)
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  • Springer  (30)
  • Wiley
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  • 2020-2020
  • 1970-1974  (30)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Befunde zur Struktur der Bowmanschen Drüsen im Riechepithel der weißen Maus (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 329-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory mucosa ; Mouse ; Glands of Bowman ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das erste Auftreten der Glandulae olfactoriae in der olfaktorischen Region der Maus wird beschrieben. Die Struktur der Bowmanschen Drüse und ihre topologische Beziehung zu den übrigen zellulären Elementen im Riechepithel wird untersucht. Die Bedeutung des Sekrets für die Bildung des Deckhäutchens wird diskutiert. Die Bowmanschen Drüsen der Maus erreichen im letzten Viertel des intrauterinen Lebens die Lamina propria des Riechepithels. In den Endstücken finden sich dunkle, sekretreiche und helle, sekretarme Zellen. Die sezernierenden Zellen der Bowmanschen Drüsen sind nicht auf die Lamina propria beschränkt, sondern erstrecken sich bis in die untersten Anteile des Kernlagers im Riechepithel. Beim Austritt der Bowmanschen Drüsen aus dem Riechepithel in die Lamina propria konfluieren die Basalmembranen dieser Gewebeanteile miteinander. Die gemeinsame Basalmembran kann sich noch eine Strecke weit bis in den normalen Interzellularraum zwischen Drüsen- und Riechepithelanteilen einsenken. In den apikalen Anteilen des Riechepithels wird der Ausführungsgang von den benachbarten Sinnes- und Stützzellen nur durch eine normal breite Interzellularfuge getrennt. Im Ausführungsgang der Bowmanschen Drüse finden sich dunkle und helle auskleidende Zellen. Die durch Desmosomen miteinander verbundenen Epithelzellen der Ausführungsgänge zeigen Zeichen einer Sekretion. Die periphersten Ausläufer des Ausführungsgangepithels erstrecken sich lediglich bis in das Terminalplattenniveau der Stützzellen, mit denen sie sich durch desmosomenartige Kontaktzonen verbinden. In der Verlängerung der Ausführungsgänge wird das Lumen peripher des Terminalplattenniveaus von den apikalen Stützzellanteilen und deren Mikrovilli sowie von den obersten Anteilen der Dendriten, von den Riechköpfen und den Sinneshaaren der Rezeptorzellen umgrenzt. Im Lumen der Ausführungsgangverlängerung finden sich im Bereich des olfaktorischen Saumes flächenhafte Ansammlungen von Sekret. Das Sekret im intervillösen Raum des olfaktorischen Saumes zeigt eine besondere Affinität zu den Membranen der peripheren Sinneszellausläufer. In der intrauterinen Lebensphase ließ sich bisher kein Deckhäutchen feststellen. Die austrocknende Wirkung der Luft auf das Sekret der Bowmanschen Drüsen wird als Entstehungsmechanismus für das Deckhäutchen in Erwägung gezogen.
    Notes: Summary First appearance, structure and topological relations of Bowmans' glands in the regio olfactoria of white mice are described. The importance of these glands for the formation of the terminal mucous cover of the olfactory epithelium is discussed. In the last quarter of intrauterine life the glands of Bowman reach the lamina propria. In the terminal portion of the glands dark cells with many secretory droplets and pale cells with only a few of them can be seen. Secretory active cells are localized in the basal part of the olfactory epithelium as well. When entering the lamina propria the irregular wide basement membrane of the glands joins that one of the epithelium. It is possible to follow up this joined basement membrane for a short distance between the glands and the cells of the olfactory epithelium. Peripheral to the very basal part of the olfactory epithelium there is no basement membrane around the glands' tissue. Receptors and sustentacular cells are separated from the gland only by a normal intercellular space. The epithelium of the ducts consists of dark and light cells as well. They are connected with the sustentacular cells by desmosomelike contacts. In its prolongation the lumen of Bowman's duct is lined by the apical portions of the sustentacular cells and their microvilli, and by dendrites, olfactory vesicles, and sensory cilia of the receptor cells. In the region of cilia and microvilli one can see masses of secretion which have confluenced. In the intervillous space its special affinity to the receptor's membranes is evident. During the intrauterine phase of life no terminal mucous cover could be demonstrated. The drying effect of the air as a possible reason for the origin of the terminal mucous cover is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582855
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Labyrinth cells, a new cell type in vertebrate olfactory organs (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 245-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory organs (Fish)-Labyrinth Cells ; Ion transport ; Evolution ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light microscopy and transverse electron microscopy has been employed to study the olfactory organs in 82 specimens of freshwater adapted young and homing adult Baltic sea trout Salmo trutta trutta L. In both sensory and indifferent epithelium the olfactory mucosa has scattered cells of a type that has not been described in any olfactory organ before. They are called labyrinth cells and are characterized by an extensive, turtuous, interconnected tubular system of smooth endoplasmatic reticulum intimately connected with numerous mitochondria. This cell type is similar to chloride and other cells which probably are involved in electrolyte transport in fish gills and pseudobranch, the rectal gland in elasmobranchs and the nasal gland in reptiles and birds. It is suggested that the olfactory organ in fish is serially homologous with the pseudobranch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307014
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructural study of normal and grafted skin in the frog,Rana pipiens, with special reference to neuroepithelial connections (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 451-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skin ; Anurans ; Regional differences in grafts ; Neuroepithelial relationships ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent investigations have suggested specific differences in back and belly skin in anurans which appear to influence the quality of reflex responses obtained from various areas of the animals body. The present investigation represents a comparative morphological study of back and belly skin in control and skin-graftedRana pipiens, with special regard to the neuroepithelial relationships. A distinct difference in pigmentation of back and belly skin was observed. Intra-epithelial Merkel cells were present in all skin samples studied. The origins of the numerous unclassifiable cells in the Merkel cell region are discussed in relation to a presumed coordinating function of the Merkel cell during epithelial differentiation. Epitheliomesenchymal interactions were observed in the richly innvervated dermal regions. Two types of morphologically different intra-epithelial nerve endings were observed. These observations are discussed in relation to earlier observations on vertebrate skin and in relation to misdirected reflex responses obtained in skin-grafted anurans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028387
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of drosopterinosomes (red pigment granules) during the erythrophore differentiation of the frog, Rana japonica, with reference to other pigment-containing organelles (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 331-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigment cells ; Pterinosomes ; Skin ; Rana japonica ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Structural changes in drosopterinosomes (red pigment granules) of Rana japonica in the process of erythrophore differentiation were studied by light and electron microscopy. On the basis of the degree of pterinosome differentiation, three types can be recognized: Typ-I drosopterinosomes appear first during metamorphosis and have clear limiting membranes and amorphous materials within. Those of type-II are found in abundance shortly after metamorphosis and have inner structures, consisting of fibrillae and/or small lamellae in dense concentric arrangement. Type-III is found abundantly in adults and acquires an almost homogeneously electron-dense mature morphology, probably from the deposition of electron-dense materials. On the basis of counts of pterinosomes, a successive transformation from type I to III is suggested. The differences among red drosopterinosomes, yellow sepiapterinosomes in xanthophore and melanosomes are not always distinguishable electron microscopically. Discrimination is possible by careful examination of lamellar patterns characteristic of the respective granules and by a simultaneous application of light and electron microscopy. From this viewpoint, a re-evaluation of the identification of granules previously reported was effected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural investigation of the postnatal development of the hamster harderian gland (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Harderian gland ; Hamster ; Sexual dimorphism ; Alveolar cells ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lobules of the Harderian glands of young male and female hamsters are widely separated by connective tissue and are made up of alveolar cells containing small vacuoles. There is considerable increase in the size of the lobules by 12 days. Based on size distribution of vacuoles two types of alveolar cells can be recognized in the male hamsters 4 weeks and older. The Harderian glands of 2-week animals of both sexes contain a black-brown pigment. The appearance of pigment is accompanied by a proliferation of membranes. In the female the amount of pigment increases with increasing age until 4 weeks of age and then remains at a relatively stable level. In the male no pigment was found after 4 weeks of age. Membrane-bounded juxtanuclear structures are present in the alveolar cells of both sexes until 3 weeks of age. These structures appear to play different roles in the male and female hamsters. The differentiation of the alveolar cells into light and dark types must take place during the 3rd week of postnatal development. A possible relationship between the levels of gonadal hormones and the occurrence of pigment at different ages in both sexes is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306700
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structural organization of glomerular neuropile in the olfactory and accessory lobes of an Australian freshwater crayfish, Cherax destructor (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 37-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacean CNS ; Olfactory and accessory lobes ; Glomerular neuropile ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The olfactory and accessory lobes of the crayfish, Cherax destructor contain glomeruli. Light microscope and electron microscope studies show that these glomeruli are the only regions of synaptic activity in the lobes and that at least four separate sets of axons meet within the glomeruli. The olfactory glomeruli are column shaped, complex structures with no large single pre- or postsynaptic elements. The accessory lobe glomeruli follow a more conventional pattern and each has one large axon ending in a terminal arborization where it makes synaptic contact with large numbers of smaller fibres. The large fibre is presynaptic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306703
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigment movements in fish melanophores: Morphological and physiological studies (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1973), S. 127-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Melanophores (Teleost) ; Pigment migration, microtubules ; Colchicine, vinblastine ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antimitotic drugs colchicine and vinblastine were applied to the melanophores of isolated scales of Pterophyllum scalare. The time course of inhibition of pigment migrations was studied quantitatively with the photoelectric method. Within one hour of treatment with 5 mM colchicine, a partial and reversible inhibition of pigment movements is obtained. During this time, the number of microtubules per cell process does not differ significantly from controls when pigment is dispersed. However, their number increases concomitantly with the decrease in rate of aggregation induced by KCl up to about the same value as in dispersed pigment cells. This indicates a close connection between pigment movements and the microtubule turnover known to occur in angelfish melanophores. When applied in a concentration of 0,2 mM, vinblastine has a total and irreversible effect on pigment movements, with an especially rapid and profound inhibition of pigment dispersion. The fine structure of vinblastine-treated melanophores is characterized by an almost complete loss of microtubules and the appearance of crystalloid bodies, which differ in fine structure from vinblastine-induced crystals of all other cell types so far examined. Possibly their peculiar structure is related to special properties of melanophore microtubules, such as rapid turnover and relatively high resistance to colchicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the gills of the elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 489-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gills ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; Circulation sphincters ; Hydrostatic skeleton ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The anatomy of the blood supply to the gills of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, is described. The anatomical basis for a counter-current exchange system at the respiratory surfaces is reported. Within the interbranchial septum there is a capillary network joining all the afferent branchial arterioles of the gill. The structure of the walls of the corpus cavernosum is found to be of smooth muscle cells supported by a basal lamina and connective tissue and lined by endothelial cells containing phagocytic vesicles. Both the capillary network and corpus cavernosum are suggested to function in smoothing the pressure pulses of the blood flow. Pre- and post-lamellar vessels and pre- and post-lamellar sphincters are described. The sphincters are thought to control the number of secondary lamellae physiologically in the respiratory circuit, and by retaining blood within nonperfused lamellae to act in conjunction with pillar cells (contracting in antagonism to the hydrostatic skeleton of the blood) to maintain the rigidity of secondary lamellae in the water current. Whorls of cells of unknown function are found within the interbranchial septum. In the epithelium lining the water channel large cells having a complexly branching plasma membrane and a very large central vacuole occurs. The cytoplasm lining the lumen contains numerous vacuoles each surrounded by a double membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307376
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and ultrastructural studies of the basal disk of Hydra (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glandulomuscular cells ; Hydra ; Basal disk ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The glandulomuscular cells of Hydra are located exclusively in the basal disk. They are derived from epithelio-muscular cells which have been forced proximally. Light and electron microscopical studies show that prior to their destruction and elimination, the transformed epithelio-muscular cells (i.e. the glandulomuscular cells) undergo certain striking morphological and physiological changes. Golgi complexes and elements of rough E. R. increase remarkably in activity, and individually or jointly produce at least six types of morphologically different droplets. One additional type of droplet is thought to originate from neighboring digestive cells. Although the chemical nature of the individual droplets is uncertain, it is known that some are Alcian blue and PAS positive and contain hyaluronic acid. These evidences suggest the presence of an acid mucopolysaccharide material, the adhesive agent which attaches the animal to a substrate. The myonemes contain thick (200 Å in diameter) and thin (60 Å in diameter) filaments as in epithelio-muscular cells. There are also filaments of intermediate sizes and large fibers (770 Å in diameter). The myonemes are oriented radially with respect to the aboral pore and therefore in addition to contributing to the contraction and relaxation of the body column, they apparently regulate the opening and closing of the aboral pore. Although there is no evidence to substantiate the mechanism for transformation of epithelio-muscular cells to glandulomuscular cells as well as cell death of the latter cell types, these problems are discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307458
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological and ultrastructural studies of the basal disk of Hydra (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nerve cells ; Hydra ; Basal disk ; Epithelial cells ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to glandulomuscular cells, three other cell types are found in the basal disk of Hydra. These are interstitial cells, cnidoblasts and nerve cells. Although only a few of the two former cell types are recognized in this region, the observations from this study refute previous statements to the contrary. Nerve cells are concentrated in the basal disk where they form a type of “network” system, due to the presence of bipolar, tripolar and multipolar cells. In some specimens, they assume a circular arrangement around the base of the polyp. Using morphological criteria for identifying the three types of epidermal nerve cells (neurosensory, neurosecretory and ganglionic) in other body regions, only neurosensory and neurosecretory cells are observed in the basal disk. These are indistinguishable ultrastructurally from their respective counterparts in other regions. It is possible that ganglionic cells are also present in the basal disk, but there may be few such cells. It is suggested that the three cell types originate from the budding region and these precursor cells are then forced proximally. Interstitial cells, escaping their differentiative function, do not develop apparently into other cell types of the basal disk. Cnidoblasts contain normal nematocysts but their functional ability is uncertain. Neurosensory and neurosecretory cells arise directly and independently from interstitial cells in the budding region, as evidenced by the appearance of immature nerve cells in the peduncle and their absence in the basal disk. Although viable cells may be discarded from the basal disk, it is believed that most cells die in situ and are then eliminated. The possible role of nerve cells is discussed briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307459
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the caecal epithelium of the intraredial cercaria of Neophasis lageniformis (Lebour, 1910) (Trematoda, Acanthocolpidae) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 405-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Caecal epithelium ; Trematodes, Cercariae ; Extracellular membranes, Membranous whorls ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intestinal caeca of the intraredial cercaria of Neophasis lageniformis differ in several aspects from previous descriptions of the intestinal caeca of other digenetic trematodes. The caeca are lined with a single-layered, non-syncytial epithelium with lamellate projections into the lumen. The cells are rich in glycogen particles and contain abundant granular endoplasmic reticulum. The apical cell membrane, which displays a unit membrane structure, is always covered by an external membrane of the same thickness as a unit membrane but showing no double-layered substructure. The external membrane, which is not equivalent to a glycocalyx, may continue from one cell to another. Apically on the projections the external membranes are apparently pushed out forming large, extracellular whorls, which fill up the caecal lumen. In the lumen there are also found crystal-like structures and lipid-like bodies which are suspended in a granular substance. The possible origin and function of the extracellular bodies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306594
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure de l'œuf de Triatoma infestans Klug (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 113-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eggs ; Insects (Triatoma infestans) ; Embryogenesis ; Envelopes, Permeability ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The thick rigid chorion of the egg of Triatoma secreted by the follicle cells shows two porous layers: an aerial layer in the exochorion, an alveolar one in the endochorion. The anterior part of the eggshell is closed up by an operculum which is heaved up by the hatching larva. The operculum has no alveolar layer. The air enters through the numerous holes of the shell surface into the aerial layer and through the micropyles into the alveolar layer. The egg has no respiratory plastron. The follicle cells produce also a vitelline envelope whose structure shows a rapid condensation at fertilization time. During its development the embryo secretes two layers: serosal and embryonic cuticle. At high humidities, at low temperatures the egg is able to increase its weight during the early stages of embryogenesis, and this increase stops when the serosal cuticle is secreted. In a dry atmosphere the egg loses water but can develop if the temperature is higher than 20°C. The little permeability of the egg is related to the structure of its envelopes. The chorion and the vitelline envelope prevent the water from getting out of the egg. The serosal cuticle seems to be opposed to the penetration of the water into the egg. The role of the embryonic cuticle is probably limited in the transit of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307082
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the acetylcholinesterase (ache)-positive and -negative autonomic axons supplying smooth muscle in the normal and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)treated rat iris (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Iris ; Muscle, Nerves ; Light and electron microscopy ; Acetylcholinesterase ; 6-Hydroxydopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The adrenergic and cholinergic innervation to the rat iris has been studied at a light and electron microscopic level. Catecholamine fluorescence histochemistry showed adrenergic nerves to be present in both the dilatator and the constrictor pupillae regions. At a fine structural level the terminal innervation of the iris was studied and criteria for the differentiation between presumptive adrenergic and presumptive cholinergic axon terminals were examined. To aid this examination presumptive adrenergic axons were either labelled with the “false” adrenergic transmitter, 5-hydroxydopamine, or chemical sympathectomy performed using 6-hydroxydopamine. The value of using acetylcholinesterase staining as a marker for cholinergic nerve terminals was also studied. Results showed a mixed adrenergic/cholinergic innervation to the dilatator pupillae. In the constrictor pupillae an exclusively cholinergic innervation was found although adrenergic and cholinergic nerves were found supplying the blood vessels and at the dilatator-constrictor interface. These findings are discussed with regard to innervation-function relationships in the iris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306608
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrinsic innervation of olfactory epithelium (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory mucosa ; Frog ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The olfactory mucosa of frog has been studied at an ultrastructural level to confirm previous light microscope observations in regard to the presence, in the sensory epithelium, of nerve fibres not belonging to the first cranial nerve proper. It has been observed that both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres are present in the lamina propria and that eventually these fibres terminate inside the epithelium. Unmyelinated fibres usually contain dark core vesicles and similar content is seen in their intraepithelium terminals. Terminals containing only clear vesicles are also observed in the epithelium and they are believed to represent the terminals of the myelinated fibres. The significance of these ultrastructural findings is discussed in view of their functional meaning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307095
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neurohypophysis of the crested newt (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 203-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Newt ; Zones ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the median eminence of the newt a medial region and two lateral regions are described. In cross section, the medial region appears to be made up of 1) an outer or glandular zone (Zone I) containing aldehyde-thionine-positive and negative nerve fibres and blood capillaries. Nerve fibres appear aligned in palisade array along the capillaries. 2) An inner zone (Zone II) made up of a) a layer of aldehyde-thionine-positive nerve fibres (fibrous layer) belonging to the preoptic hypophyseal tract and b) a layer of ependymal cells lining the infundibular lumen and reaching the blood vessels with their long processes. The lateral regions display a less pronounced stratification and aldehyde-thionine positive nerve fibres are nearly absent. A slender lamina (ependymal border) containing mainly aldehyde-thionine-positive nerve fibres and ependymal cells connects the median eminence to the pars nervosa. At the ultrastructural level, in the outer zone of the medial region at least 4 types of nerve fibres and nerve endings are identified: Type I nerve fibres containing granular vesicles of 700–1000 Å and clear vesicles (250–400 Å). Type II nerve fibres containing granular vesicles and polymorphous granules of 900–1300 Å and clear vesicles (250–400 Å). Type III nerve fibres containing dense granules of 1200–2000 Å and clear vesicles of 250–400 Å. Type IV nerve fibres containing only clear vesicles of 250–400 Å. In the inner zone too, all these nerve fiber types are found among ependymal cells, while the fibrous layer consists of nerve fibres containing granules of 1200–2000 Å in diameter. In the lateral regions Type I, Type II and Type IV nerve fibres and their respective perivascular terminals are found; axons containing dense granules (1200–2000 Å) are scanty. In these regions typical synapses between Type I nerve fibres and processes rich in microtubules are visible. The classification and functional significance of nerve fibres in the median eminence are still unsolved, but it may be assumed that nerve fibres of the medial region belong to both the preoptic hypophyseal and tubero hypophyseal tract, while the lateral regions are characterized by nerve fibres of the tubero hypophyseal tract. Peculiar specializations of the ependymal cells in the median eminence of the newt are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00311354
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The outgrowth of rat cerebellum in organized culture (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 45-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebellum (rat) ; Growth in Tissue culture ; Cell types ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The outgrowth of newborn rat cerebellum cultivated in the Maximow assembly was studied from the time of explanation until the end of the 1st week “in vitro”. Dynamic characteristics of migrating cells were investigated with time lapse microcinematography and with phase and interference contrast. Three types of cells were identified: bipolar fusiform cells, fibroblasts and macrophages. The ultrastructure of these cells as seen with scanning and transmission electron microscopes is described. Bipolar cells display the same characteristics as those of migrating granule cells “in vivo”. Differentiation of these cells towards neuronal types becomes evident at the end of the first week “in vitro”. Axonal as well as dendritic growth cones were examined, and their ultrastructural characteristics described. Attention is focussed into the abundance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which in supposed active growth has the form of thin cisternae, and, at rest or in retraction takes the form of large vesicles. In the latter case, filopodia disappear, and the tips of their processes acquire a bulbous shape.
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    La glande coquillière non pigmentée d'Artemia salina Leach (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 144 (1973), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Shell glands ; Artemia salina ; White and brown glands ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail concerne l'étude morphologique de la glande coquillière non pigmentée ou blanche d'Artemia salina. La structure de celle-ci est comparée à celle de la glande coquillière brune de la même espèce. Les différences sont apparemment plus fondamentales qu'une simple variation de la quantité de produit de sécrétion ou de la pigmentation des cellules. Là où les glandes coquillières brunes formeraient la coque chez les animaux ovipares les glandes coquillières blanches pourraient sécréter les produits nécessaires ou utiles au développement des nauplii chez les animaux ovovivipares.
    Notes: Summary The white shell glands of Artemia salina have been investigated. Our results, compared to those obtained in the brown-coloured shell glands, occuring within the same species, reveal differences not only in the aspect of the secretory granules but also in the structure of the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These differences between the two types of glands appear to be more striking than a simple variation in the quantity of secretion or in the pigmentation of the gland. As the brown glands are supposed to contribute to the formation of the egg shells in oviparous animals, the secretion of white glands could favour the development of nauplii in ovoviviparous animals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307306
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    Paraganglienzellen im Ganglion cervicale uteri der Maus (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 249-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromaffin tissue ; Ganglion cervicale uteri ; Mouse ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das chromaffine Gewebe im Ganglion cervicale uteri der Maus wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch in verschiedenen Funktionsstadien des Genitale untersucht. Die Befunde decken sich weitgehend mit den bisher bekannten Beobachtungen an extraadrenalem, chromaffinem Gewebe anderer Lokalisation. 1. Das chromaffine Gewebe besteht aus granulahaltigen Paraganglienzellen und Hüllzellen, die Schwannschen Zellen gleichen. 2. Die Granula der Paraganglienzellen sind sehr kontrastreich und von einer Membran umhüllt, die größeren Abstand von ihrem dichten Inhalt haben kann. 3. Gelegentlich sind die Paraganglienzellen mit Zilien ausgestattet. 4. Zellen mit wenig Granula haben ein kräftiger ausgebildetes rauhes endoplasmatisches Retikulum als Zellen mit hohem Granulagehalt. 5. Die paraganglionären Zellen haben keine besondere Beziehung zum Gefäßsystem. 6. Die Paraganglienzellen stehen mit Nervenendingungen durch Synapsen in Kontakt, die sowohl überwiegend synaptische Bläschen als auch überwiegend „dense core vesicles” enthalten können. Sie scheinen also sowohl durch cholinerge als auch durch adrenerge Innervation kontrolliert zu werden. 7. Unterschiede in der Ultrastruktur der Paraganglienzellen konnten nur zwischen ausgewachsenen und infantilen Tieren festgestellt werden. Letztere haben einen höheren Anteil an Zellen mit wenig Granula. 8. Die Befunde scheinen für eine lokale endokrine Beeinflussung der Nervenzellen des Ganglion cervicale uteri durch Abgabe von Katecholaminen aus den Paraganglienzellen zu sprechen.
    Notes: Summary The chromaffin tissue in the ganglion cervicale uteri of mice was investigated in different functional stages of their reproductive system by light and electron microscopy. The observations correspond to the findings obtained in extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue localized in other regions. 1. The chromaffin tissue consists of granule containing paraganglionic cells and of surrounding cells that resemble Schwann cells. 2. Occasionally the paraganglionic cells possess cilia. 3. The granules in the cytoplasm of paraganglionic cells are very electron dense and are enveloped by a membrane that forms a vesicle with a diameter either corresponding to that of the granule or considerably larger than the latter. 4. Cells with little granules have a better developed rough endoplasmic reticulum than cells with a great number of granules. 5. The paraganglionic cells have no special relationships to blood vessels. 6. The paraganglionic cells are innervated by synapses that possess synaptic vesicles and by synapses that show accumulations of dense core vesicles. The paraganglionic cells seem to be under the control of cholinergic and adrenergic innervation. 7. Differences of ultrastructure of the paraganglionic cells were seen only between adult and infantile animals. The latter have a greater number of cells containing only a small quantity of granules. 8. The findings suggest the hypothesis of a local endocrine influence of the paraganglionic cells on the neurons of the ganglion cervicale uteri by release of catecholamines.
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    Effets de modifications de la composition électrolytique du plasma sur la structure et la fonction des cellules interrénales (corticosurrénaliennes) d'un Amphibien Urodèle: Triturus cristatus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 47-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenocortical cells ; Triturus cristatus ; Plasma electrolyte composition modifications ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but de modifier la composition électrolytique du plasma, des Tritons à crête (Triturus cristatus) sont placés dans une solution de chlorure de potassium (KCl 5‰). D'autres Tritons (témoins) sont placés dans de l'eau du robinet. Tous les animaux ont été préalablement hypophysectomisés. 8 jours après le début de l'expérience, les cellules interrénales des Tritons hypophysectomisés placés dans la solution de KCl présentent une activité stéroidogénique élevée, se traduisant notamment par une forte déplétion lipidique, une augmentation du nombre des mitochondries et un développement important du réticulum endoplasmique agranulaire et tubulaire; d'autre part, la réaction Δ5-3β-hydroxystéroide deshydrogénasique est intense. Toutes les cellules du tissu interrénal sont fortement stimulées dans ces conditions. Les cellules interrénales des Tritons témoins présentent par contre une activité stéroidogénique très réduite, comme en témoignent leur structure et la faible intensité de la réaction Δ5-3β-hydroxystéroide deshydrogénasique. Les mécanismes précis pouvant être à l'origine de la stimulation des cellules interrénales de Tritons hypophysectomisés placés dans la solution de KCl sont discutés.
    Notes: Summary In order to induce a modification of the plasmatic electrolyte composition, newts (Triturus cristatus) are placed into a potassium chloride solution (KCl 5‰), while controls are kept in tap water. All animals are previously hypophysectomized. 8 days after the beginning of the experiment, the interrenal cells of the hypophysectomized newts kept in KCl solution exhibit a very strong steroidogenic activity, as evidenced by a striking lipid depletion, an increase in the number of mitochondria and a considerable development of the agranular tubular endoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, the Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reaction is notably intensified. All the cells of the interrenal tissue are affected by the stimulatory effect of the KCl solution. Control animals show only reduced steroidogenic activity of their interrenal cells, as demonstrated both by the morphology of these cells and the weak Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reaction. The mechanisms involved in the stimulatory effect on steroidogenesis of the variation of the electrolyte composition of the plasma are discussed.
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    Homing of lymphoid cells in the developing palatine tonsil of the rabbit (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 65-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tonsil (rabbit) ; Lymphoid cell homing ; Tonsil culture ; Thymus culture ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ‘homing’ process of lymphoid cells in the developing palatine tonsil of the rabbit was investigated by culturing isolated embryonic tonsils in diffusion chambers on the chick chorioallantoic membrane. An analysis of the origin and fate of lymphoid cells in cultured tonsils from subsequent stages of development strongly supported the existence of the ‘homing’ mechanism for lymphoid cells, postulated on morphological data. From the 19th day of gestation there is an influx of motile lymphoid (stem) cells into the tonsillar primordium, reaching a peak between the 22nd and 24th day. Of these cells a large proportion is immobilized by mesenchymal cells and becomes sessile lymphoid cells which remain firmly attached to mesenchymal cells during culture. After the 24th day practically all sessile lymphoid cells lose their contact with the mesenchymal cells and migrate to the bottom of the diffusion chamber. This different behaviour of sessile lymphoid cells in cultured tonsils of later developmental stages may imply a functional differentiation of these cells. By comparing the fate of morphologically differentiated lymphoid cells in cultured palatine tonsils and thymus of rabbit embryos, the different nature of tonsil and thymus lymphocytes could be demonstrated.
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    Orthogonal microvillus pattern in the eighth rhabdomere of the rock crab Grapsus (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 137 (1973), S. 145-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rhabdom ; Photoreceptor fine structure ; Rhabdomere microvillus pattern ; Crustacean compound eye ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The eighth retinular cell (R 8) of Grapsus lacks cytoplasmic pigment granules and basically resembles those previously known in the ghost crab Ocypode and the mysid Praunus. Distally located, R 8 comprises four lobes inserted between the outer ends of the seven regular retinular cells (R 1–R 7). A thin cytoplasmic bridge connects these lobes. One lobe adjacent to R 1 contains the nucleus of R 8 and gives rise proximally to the cell's axon. The short distal eighth rhabdomere consists of microvilli (mvl) protruding axially from all four lobes. Similar R 8's were found also in two other crab families and in two other genera of mysids. In Grapsus the eighth rhabdomere is extraordinary in possessing mvl oriented in two orthogonal directions parallel to the mvl of R 1–R 7. The distal 20% of the rhabdom consists of mvl originating exclusively from R 8. These appear in somewhat irregular bands and are alternately oriented parallel to the animal's vertical or horizontal axis. More proximally the retinula contains eleven sectors but the rhabdom still comprises bands of alternating mvl with those from R 8 joined respectively by the rhabdomeres of R 1, 4, and 5 (horizontal) and R 2, 3, 6 and 7 (vertical). The rest of the rhabdom shows typical decapod organization with seven interdigitating rhabdomeres.
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    The structure of the gill of the trout, Salmo gairdneri (Richardson) (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 142 (1973), S. 147-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gill ; Blood pathways ; Secondary lamellae ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light and electron microscopic study was made of the structure of the gill arch, filament and secondary lamella of Salmo gairdneri R. Blood pathways through the gill were traced from serial histological sections, and from the examination of ink perfused tissue and perspex casts formed following resin injection of the circulatory system. The epithelium covering the gill consists of unspecialized, dark, chloride and mucous cells. The distribution of specialized cells appears to be related to gill function. The basement membrane underlying the epithelium consists of three layers, the inner collagen layer being continuous with the connective tissue core of the gills. Blood supply to the secondary lamellar respiratory surface is via branchial, filament and secondary lamellar arteries. Blood spaces of the secondary lamellae are delimited by pillar cells containing what appears to be contractile material. The marginal channel of each lamella is bounded distally by cells of endothelial origin. A network of lymph spaces within the filaments connects with efferent branchial arteries. Nutritionary capillaries within the filaments connect with afferent branchial arteries. No shunts between afferent and efferent filament arteries were found. Data from this study and previous physiological and histopathological studies suggest a mechanism for the control of blood flow to suit the respiratory requirements of the fish. This mechanism involves a system of recruitment of additional respiratory units and changes in overall blood flow patterns.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307029
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    Fine structural studies of rat adrenal cortices following prostaglandin administration (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 146 (1973), S. 297-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; Prostaglandins E1 and E2 ; Fine structure ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histological and fine structural studies of adrenal cortices were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats which had been given intravenous injections of prostaglandin E1 or E2. It was found that there were increased numbers of intracellular lipid droplets, free ribonucleoprotein particles, cholesterol ester clefts and coated vesicles of both the small and large varieties. A reorganization of the internal mitochondrial membranes and the appearance of protrusions of parenchymal cytoplasm into the sinusoidal lumina accompanied by vasodilation were also observed. These alterations are not typical of those observed following exogenous ACTH administration and are therefore considered to be prostaglandin-induced.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02346222
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    The ultrastructure of the A1 sensilla on the posterior surface of the clypeo-labrum of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R and F) (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 539-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptors ; Locusta ; Clypeo-labrum ; Light and electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The A1 sensilla are asymmetric in distribution. Each sensillum contains five bipolar neurons, the distal regions of which extend to the tip of a cuticular cone which has a terminal pore. This was shown with the scanning electron microscope, but was not seen in section. The receptor-lymph cavity of the tormogen cell and the basal cavity of the neurilemma cell contain an electron-dense material unlike other contact chemoreceptors of Locusta prepared for electron microscopy in the same manner. Isolated axons of unknown function occur below the basement membrane and also between epidermal cells surrounding the sensillum.
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    Zur Morphologie der Ductuli efferentes des Bullen (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 129-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ductuli efferentes ; Bull ; Absorption ; Apocrine extrusion ; Light and electron microscopy ; Enzyme cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Epithel der Ductuli efferentes des erwachsenen Bullen ist einschichtig zylindrisch mit gelegentlichen Basalzellen. Die Zylinderzellen lassen sich in Zilienzellen und Hauptzellen untergliedern. Hauptzellen treten vor allem in zwei Funktionsstadien mit unterschiedlichen morphologischen Charakteristika auf: 1. Resorbierende Hauptzellen besitzen einen Saum gleichmäßig langer Mikrovilli, zwischen deren Basen sich ein System aus gewundenen Canaliculi in das apikale Cytoplasma einsenkt. Diese Canaliculi stehen mit „coated“ Vesikeln und größeren resorptiven Vakuolen in Verbindung. Innerhalb der Vakuolen findet ein Abbau von resorbierter testikulärer Flüssigkeit statt. Hieran sind lysosomale Enzyme beteiligt, wie der kräftige Ausfall der histochemischen Reaktionen auf saure Phosphatase, unspezifische Esterasen und β-D-Glucuronidase im Epithel der Ductuli belegt. Unverdaulicher Vakuoleninhalt verdichtet sich zu homogenen,PAS-positiven, eiweißhaltigen, fluoreszierenden, membranlosen, osmiophilen Globuli. 2. Extrudierende Hauptzellen besitzen aufgehellte, mikrovillifreie apikale Cytoplasmaprojektionen, die mit den in ihnen gelegenen Globuli in das Ductuluslumen abgenabelt werden können. Für eine Phagocytose von ganzen oder fragmentierten Spermatozoen durch das Epithel der Ductuli efferentes des Bullen haben sich keine morphologischen Anhaltspunkte ergeben.
    Notes: Summary The ductuli efferentes of the adult bull are lined by a simple columnar epithelium with scattered small basal cells. The columnar epithelium consists of ciliated and non-ciliated cells. Among non-ciliated cells two functional stages with distinct morphological features may be identified: 1. Absorptive cells possess a border of numerous, rather evenly packed microvilli with strong alkaline phosphatase activity. Between the microvilli the apical cell membrane is invaginated to form a system of narrow, coiled canaliculi which are continuous with coated vesicles and large vacuoles. Testicular fluid is reabsorbed into these vacuoles and broken down by means of lysosomal enzymes. So high levels of acid phosphatase, esterases and β-D-glucuronidase are present in the ductuli efferentes epithelium. Undigestible content of absorptive vacuoles is condensed to homogeneous, PAS-positive, protein-positive, osmiophilic, fluorescing, non membrane-bound globules. 2. Non-ciliated cells with light, globules containing projections of the apical cytoplasm. These protrusions are occasionally found pinched off into the ductular lumen. We did not find any morphological evidence for phagocytosis of whole or fragmented spermatozoa by the epithelium of the bovine ductuli efferentes.
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    Vergleichende Untersuchungen am Integument von Hetero- und Eutardigraden (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 517-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Integument ; Tardigrada ; Cuticle ultrastructure ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Integument vonEchiniscus testudo (Heterotardigrada),Milnesium tardigradum, Hypsibius oberhaeuseri undMacrobiotus hufelandi (Eutardigrada) lassen acht, mindestens jedoch sechs Schichten erkennen, die in Anlehnung an Baccetti und Rosati (1971) benannt werden, wobei eine Homologie beiE. testudo nicht sicher ist. BeiE. testudo bildet die innere sklerotisierte Epicuticula ein Hohlraumsystem, dessen Wände von ca. 150 Å breiten Kanälen durchzogen werden. Die dorsalen Einsenkungen der Panzerplatten besitzen einen zentralen 500 Å breiten Kanal. Ventral ist die äußere Epicuticula mehrfach geschichtet. Ein darunterliegender Röhrchensaum und die weitgehend reduzierte innere Epicuticula lassen andere Permeabilitätseigenschaften vermuten. Die Intracuticula zeigt vertikale Filamente. Wachsschicht und innere Lage der Intracuticula sind morphologisch nicht eindeutig zu identifizieren. Die einschichtige Epidermis ist reich an Lipidtropfen, freien Ribosomen und granulärem endoplasmatischem Reticulum. Manche Zellen sind kontrastreicher. Besondere Cuticula-Bildungen der drei Eutardigraden sind die epicuticulären Einsenkungen vonM. hufelandi, in deren Bereich die innere Epicuticula fehlt, die dorsale und laterale Skulpturierung vonH. oberhaeuseri, die eine Bildung der Epicuticula ist, und die epicuticulären Kanäle vonM. tardigradum. Die Proticula aller untersuchten Tardigraden-Arten besitzt keine Porenkanäle. Die Epidermis vonM. hufelandi besteht aus einem einschichtigen Epithel. Seine Zellen enthalten zahlreiche membranbegrenzte osmiophile Einschlüsse, die die Färbung der Tiere bedingen. Einzelne Zellen fallen durch ihren hohen Kontrast und zahlreichere Organellen auf. Die Cuticula der Eutardigraden zeigt in allen Fällen eine morphologisch vergelichbare Schichtenfolge. Die Cuticula vonE. testudo, die Besonderheiten aufweist, kann jedoch aufgrund charakteristischer Merkmale (z. B. die äußere Lage der Intracuticula) vielleicht in den Vergleich einbezogen werden.
    Notes: Summary The structure of the integument ofEchiniscus testudo (Heterotardigrada),Milnesium tardigradum, Hypsibius oberhaeuseri andMacrobiotus hufelandi (Eutardigrada) was studied by light and electron microscopy. In all species the cuticle consists of 6–8 layers and can adequately be described following the terminology of Baccetti and Rosati (1971). This perhaps does not apply toE. testudo. InE. testudo the inner sclerotized epicuticle reveals a labyrinthine structure due to lacunae with numerous channels of about 150 Å in diameter. The central canals in the depressions of the dorsal plates have a diameter of 500 Å. The outer epicuticle of the ventral cuticle is formed by several layers. Basally there is a tubular layer of channels and an almost reduced epicuticle. Thus the permeability of the cuticle is supposed to be altered. In the intracuticle vertically oriented filaments occur. The inner layer of the intracuticle and the wax-layer cannot be properly distinguished. The one-layered epidermis contains many lipid droplets, ribosomes and rough ER. Some of the cells are rather electron-dense. Peculiar cuticular structures inM. hufelandi appear as cup-shaped depressions of the epicuticle, and here the inner epicuticle is absent. A similarly typical feature is the structured and sculptured dorsal and lateral epicuticle ofH. oberhaeuseri and the channels of the epicuticle inM. tardigradum. In all species investigated there are no pore canals in the procuticle. InM. hufelandi there is a single layer of epidermal cells, which contain many osmiophilic grana ensheathed by membranes. These grana cause the colour of the animal. Some of the cells contain more organelles and ribosomes and show a strong contrast. In spite of some cuticular peculiarities inE. testudo, perhaps this Heterotardigrade species fits into the general pattern of cuticle morphology of Tardigrada.
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    Responses of prolactin cells of two euryhaline marine fishes, Gillichthys mirabilis and Platichthys stellatus, to environmental salinity (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 136 (1973), S. 153-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Adenohypophysis ; Osmoregulation ; Teleosts ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in the prolactin cells of the euryhaline marine teleosts Gillichthys mirabilis and Platichthys stellatus were studied by light and electron microscopy after transfer from sea water to fresh water. In seawater fish the secretory granules were smaller and the cellular organelles poorly developed. Within 3 hours after transfer to fresh water, the prolactin cells of Gillichthys exhibited definite functional activation: exocytosis of granules and development of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi systems and mitochondria. Concurrently, plasma sodium fell from about 172 meq/l to about 133 meq/l. As adaptation to fresh water progressed, prolactin cells of Gillichthys showed greater prominence of cellular organelles but granule storage was not detected even 10 days after transfer. Platichthys adapted to fresh water for 10 days showed RER in an expanded state containing irregular electron-dense material which was not seen in Gillichthys. Plasma sodium levels were much lower than in the controls. These results were in contrast to those obtained from euryhaline freshwater fishes such as Poecilia and Oryzias. Although the prolactin cells of euryhaline marine fish exhibited intense secretory activity when transferred into fresh water, the secreted prolactin per se appeared to be insufficient to maintain plasma sodium at seawater levels.
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    Rectal ultrastructure in salt- and freshwater mosquito larvae in relation to physiological state (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mosquitoes-Aedes ; Rectum ; Fine structure, function, comparison ; Salt-adaptation, osmoregulation ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparison of rectal morphology and ultrastructure is made between a freshwater (A. aegypti) and salt water (A. campestris) species of mosquito larvae, and between A. campestris larvae producing hyper- and hyposmotic urine. The epithelium of A. aegypti contains one cell type characterized by infolding of both the apical and basal membranes, straight lateral borders, and evenly distributed mitochondria. The rectum of A. campestris contains distinct anterior and posterior regions, each made up of a single cell type. These two regions can be distinguished on the basis of cell thickness, depth of apical infolding and distribution of mitochondria. The anterior region is similar to the rectum of A. aegypti, while the posterior region is considered unique to the salt-water species and hence probably is associated with the formation of hyperosmotic urine. In A. campestris, the apical (rather than lateral or basal) membranes are probably the site of hyperosmotic urine production. Two possible mechanisms for this process are discussed.
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    Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über die Zytoarchitektur des Gehirns vonBranchiostoma lanceolatum (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 139 (1973), S. 511-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brain ; Cytoarchitecture ; Branchiostoma ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Gehirn vonBranchiostoma lanceolatum wurde licht- und elektronen-mikroskopisch untersucht. Der rostral gelegene Ventrikel wird von unterschiedlich gebauten, prismatischen Epithelzellen umgeben, unter denen neben den Pigmentzellen und den sekret-bildenden Infundibulumzellen vor allem dorsal und ventral gelegene Elemente mit ungewöhnlich langen, zilienähnlichen apikalen Fortsätzen auffallen, die vermutlich Rezeptorzellen entsprechen. Nach caudal schließt sich dem Ventrikel der schmale Zentralkanal an, der von Tanyzytengliazellen ausgekleidet wird. Ihre basalen filamenthaltigen Fortsätze ziehen bis zur Oberfläche des ZNS und bilden hier Füßchen aus. Zwischen diesen Ependymzellen erreichen apikale Fortsätze von tiefergelegenen Zellen das Lumen des Zentralkanals. Die Zahl der um den Zentralkanal gelegenen Neurone nimmt im Gehirn von rostal nach caudal ab. Die Perikaryen dieser Neurone sind vor allem durch ihren hohen Gehalt an Glykogen und verhältnismäßig zahlreichen granulären Einschlüssen gekennzeichnet. Eine ventral gelegene Gruppe von großen, ergastoplasmareichen Nervenzellen enthält relativ große Granula, die vermultlich neurosekretorischen Elementargranula entsprechen. Dorsal kommen neben den großen Josephschen Zellen ependymale Zellen vor, deren Zellapex mit zahlreichen Lamellen versehen ist. Auch sie stellen vermutlich Lichtrezeptoren dar. Das peripher lateral und ventral gelegene Neuropil setzt sich aus Fasern zusammen, die nicht von den Gliazellen umgeben sind und die in ihrer Mehrzahl Granula enthalten. Es werden 6 (?) Granulatypen unterschieden. Außerdem lassen sich vor allem in der Peripherie Fasern mit Mikrotubuli und Filamenten erkennen. Die Riesenfasern enthalten außer einzelnen Organellen unstrukturiert erscheinendes Zytoplasma. Synapsenähnliche Kontakte sind relativ selten und einfach gebaut.
    Notes: Summary The brain ofBranchiostoma lanceolatum has been investigated with the light-and electron microscope. The cranially located ventricle is surrounded by various types of prismatic epithelial cells among which—beside the anterior pigment-cells and the mucus producing infundibular cells—elements bearing unusually long apical cilium-like processes are particularly striking. They can be found in the dorsal and ventral wall of the ventricle and presumably represent receptor cells. The ventricle is caudally replaced by the narrow central canal which is lined by tanycyte-like glia cells, whose filamentous basal processes reach the surface of the CNS where they terminate in broad foot-like structures. Between these ependymal cells apical processes of light, granule-containing cells reach the lumen of the central canal. The number of neurons which are all concentrated around the central canal, decreases in caudal direction. Their perikarya are characterized by granular inclusions and large amounts of glycogen particles. A ventrally situated group of big ER-rich neurons contains granules which presumably correspond to neurosecretory elementary granules. Dorsally beside the large Joseph-cells lamellated cells occur, which possibly also represent lightreceptor cells. The neuropile which predominantly occurs in the lateral and ventral and ventral periphery of the CNS consists of densely packed fibres which are not surrounded by glia cells and the majority of which contains granular or vesicular inclusions. 6 (?) types of granules and vesicles are to be distinguished. In addition, fibres containing microtubules and filaments occur. They are mainly to be found in a marginal position. The giant fibres contain beside scarce organelles structureless light cytoplasm. Synaptoid contacts are comparatively rare and of simple structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02028391
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nigro-neostriatal projection (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 138 (1973), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Substantia nigra and striatum (rat, cat) ; Stereotactic electrolysis ; Degeneration ; Dopamine fluorescence ; Light and electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nigro-neostriatal projection was investigated in albino rats and cats with silver impregnation, fluorescence histochemistry and electron microscopy. After unilateral stereotactic electrolysis in the substantia nigra the dopamine fluorescence of ipsilateral neostriatum is markedly reduced. As shown by silver impregnation and electron microscopy, fine terminals and axons are degenerated in the same region. These observations suggest that the nigro-neostriatal pathway may be composed of the fine dopaminergic axons of the nerve cells of unilateral substantia nigra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307097
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