ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Ultrastructure  (152)
  • Fine structure  (23)
  • Lysosomes
  • Springer  (186)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :
  • Frontiers Media SA
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 1970-1974  (186)
  • 1974  (82)
  • 1971  (104)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (186)
  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :
  • Frontiers Media SA
Years
  • 2020-2024
  • 2020-2022
  • 1970-1974  (186)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; Bone ; Resorption ; Osteoclast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des techniques histochimiques de microscope photonique et électronique montrent que les ostéoclastes métaphysaires chez des rats “sans incisive” présentent des quantités plus importantes de phosphatase acide, d'acryl sulfatase et de trimétaphosphatase acide lysosomiales. L'activité en phosphatase lysosomiale à pH neutre est aussi plus élevée dans les ostéoclastes métaphysaires, sauf dans les cellules situées sous la métaphyse, où l'enzyme est absente. L'absence de résorption de la matrice organique semble en rapport avec l'absence de bordures en brosse et une absence d'enzyme lysosomiale extracellulaire. Malgré cette absence, une dissolution de cristaux inorganiques a été mise en évidence au microscope électronique, suggérant que la dissolution minérale est un processus distinct de la désintégration enzymatique de la matrice organique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Histochemische Techniken für Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie zeigten, daß metaphysäre Osteoklasten “Schneidezahl-loser” (SL) Ratten erhöhte Mengen von lysosomaler saurer Phosphatase, von Arylsulfatase und von saurer Trimetaphosphatase enthielten. Die Aktivität der lysosomalen Phosphatase bei neutralem pH war in den metaphysären Osteoklasten ebenfalls erhöht, außer in den Zellen direkt unterhalb der Wachstumsplatte, wo dieses Enzym nicht vorkam. Es konnte überhaupt keine Resorption der organischen Matrix festgestellt werden, was übereinzustimmen schien mit der Abwesenheit eines gekräuselten Saumes und einer gleichzeitigen Abwesenheit des extrazellulären lysosomalen Enzyms. Trotzdem wurde im Elektronenmikroskop das Verschwinden anorganischer Kristalle festgestellt, was darauf schließen läßt, daß die Auflösung des Minerals nicht derselbe Vorgang ist wie die enzymatische Auflösung der organischen Matrix.
    Notes: Abstract Histochemical techniques for light and electron microscopy showed that metaphyseal osteoclasts in “incisors absent” rats contained greater than normal amounts of lysosomal acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase and acid trimetaphosphatase. Lysosomal phosphatase activity at neutral pH was also elevated in the metaphyseal osteoclasts except in those cells immediately beneath the growth plate, where this enzyme was absent. The failure of any discernable resorption of organic matrix appeared to correlate with the absence of a ruffled border and a concomittant absence of extracellular lysosomal enzyme. Despite this failure, electron microscopic evidence of inorganic crystal removal was noted, suggesting that mineral dissolution represents a separate process from the enzymatic breakdown of organic matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Serpulid ; Polychaete ; Hydroxyapatite ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un petit groupe de cellules épithéliales de la surface antérieure du col du serpulidePomatoceros caeruleus contient des vacuoles, remplies de matériel cristallin. Les cristaux présenttent des aspects rhomboédriques ou rectangulaires. La diffraction électronique montre qu'ils sont constitués par de l'hydroxyleapatite et du phosphate de calcium et de magnésium. Les apex des cellules sont bordés de microvillosités. Certaines cellules ont des cils apicaux. Un appareil de Golgi est visible dans le cytoplasme apical. De nombreuses mitochondries sont dissé minées dans le cytoplasme. Le role éventuel de ces cellules, a contenu minéral, dans la mise en réserve de calcium et/ou de phosphore est envisagé.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ein kleiner Zellverband im Epithel der vorderen Oberfläche am Hals des SerpulidsPomatoceros caeruleus enthält membrangebundene Vakuolen, welche mit kristallinem Material gefüllt sind. Die Kristalle haben rhomboide oder rechteckige Formen; mittels Elektronendiffraktion konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß sie aus Hydroxyapatit und Calciummagnesiumphosphat bestehen. Die oberen Enden der Zellen sind von Microvilli eingefaßt. Einige der Zellen haben zudem apikale Zilien. Die Zellen enthalten Golgi-Apparate im apikalen Cytoplasma. Eine große Anzahl von Mitochondrien sind über das, ganze Cytoplasma verteilt. Die mögliche Funktion dieser mineralhaltigen Zellen als Aufbewahrungsorte für Calcium und/oder Phosphor wird besprochen.
    Notes: Abstract A small patch of cells in the epithelium of the anterior surface of the collar of the serpulidPomatoceros caeruleus contains membrane-bound vacuoles filled with crystalline material. The crystals have rhomboidal or rectangular profiles and have been shown by electron diffraction analysis to be composed of hydroxyapatite and calcium magnesium phosphate. The apices of the cells are bordered by microvilli. Some cells also have apical cilia. The cells contain Golgi complexes in the apical cytoplasm. Large numbers of mitochondria are distributed thoughout the cytoplasm. The possible function of these mineral-containing cells as sites for storage of calcium and/or phosphorus is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Cartilage ; Estrogen ; Ultrastructure ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dix rats Holtzman mâles et sevrés sont sacrifiés injection intrapéritonéale d'oestradiol (Progynon, Schering) aqueux, à des doses quotiediennes de 1 μ g. par g de poids. Des témoins, ayant reçu une dose équivalente de liquide de dilution, sont sacrifiés à des intervalles de 1 heure à 6 jours, identiques aux temps de sacrifice des animaux injectés. Les cartilages épiphysaires supérieurs des tibias tibias (ECP) étudiés en microscopie électronique, montrent, dès trois heures après l'ionjection, une augmentation nette de 'activié sécrétoire, caractérisée, au niveau de la zone de sécrétion matricielle, par l'abondance dans les citernes golgiennes d'un matériel piqueté, constitué par des complexes protéino-polysaccharidiques. La désintégration de la membrane limitante de vésicules golgiennes individuelles est plus avancée après vingt quatre heures: après trois jours de traitement, seules quelques vésicules restent intactes et des plages d'un matériel initialement intravacuolaire sont visibles dans le cytoplasme. De longs filaments, rappelant les précurseurs ou les fibrilles primaires du collagène, sont visibles dans cette sécrétion. Après six jours, de grandes plages de cettre subestance remplissent les cellules de la couche pré-hypertrophieque, avec déplacement de l'ergastoplasme en périphérie. Des vacuoles cytoplasques, contenant un matériel semblable à celui qu'on retrouve dans la lacune, et présentant des filament finement moniliformes et disposés en rayons le long de la membrane limitante, sont visibles. Ces observations suggèrent une accélération initiale de l'activité sécrétoire chondrocytaire, suivie par un retard de transfert. La rétention consécutive et la polymérisation intracellulaire de produits précollagéniques accélèrent l'hypertrophie et favorisent ainsi la dégénérescence précoce des chondrocytes. Ces altérations ultrastructurales paraissent être spécifiques aux oestrog`enes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Zehn männliche Hotlzmann-Ratten, die im Entwöhnungsstadium waren, erhielten täglich wässerige Oestradioldosen (Progynon, Schering) von 1 μ/g Körpergewicht i.p. Dann wurden sie gleichzeitig mit Kontrolltieren, welche die gleiche Menge Verdünnungsmittel erhalten hatten, in Intervallen von 1 Std bis zu 6 Tagen getötet. Platten des oberen tibialen Epiphysenknorples (ECP), welche für die Elektronenmikroskopie präpariert wurden, zeigtem, daß schon 3 Std nach der Injektion ein bemerkenswerte Erhöhung der sekretorischen Tätigkeit entsteht. Dies wurde in der Zone der Matrixausscheidung sichtbar, wo sich in den Golgi-Zisternen eine Anhäufung von punktiertem, aus Proteinpolysaccharid-Komplexen bestehendem Material zeigte. Der Zerfall der Membran, welche die einzelnen Golgi-Bläschen umgibt, nahm nach 24 Std zu; nach 3 Tagen Behandlung blieben nur wenige Gefäße intakt, und Ansammlungen von ursprünglich intravacuolörem Material konnten im Grundplasma beobachtet werden. Lange Fasern, welche auf primäre oder Prae-Kollagefibrillen hindeuteten, konnten in diesem Sekret gesehen werden. Nach 6 Tagen wurden die Zellen in der prähypertrophen Zone mit dieser Substanz richtiggehend überschwemmt, und das rauhe endoplasmatische Reticulum wurde anschließend gegen die Zellperipherie verlagert. Die oft beobachteten cytoplasmatischen Vacuolen enthielten ein Material, das dem in den Lacunen vorkommenden ähnlich ist und zeigten auf der ungebrenden Membran feinperlige, radial angeordnete Fasern. Unsere Beobachtungen deuten auf eine anfängliche Beschleuning der chondrocytischen sekretorischen Tätigkeit, mit nachfolgender Transportverlangsamung, hin. Die dadurch entstehende Retention und intrazelluläre Polymerisation von präkollagenen Produkten beschleunigt die Hypertrophie und begünstigt dadurch die frühe Degeneration von Chondrocyten. Diese ultrastrukturellen Veränderungen scheinen oestrogen-spezifisch zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract Ten male weanling Holtzman rats, injected intraperitoneally with aqueous estradiol (Progynon, Schering), in daily doses of 1 μg. per g body weight, were sacrificed, simultaneously with controls receiving an equivalent amount of diluent, at intervals ranging from one hour to six days. Upper tibial epiphyseal cartilage plates (ECP), procesed for electron microscopy, revealed, as early as three hours after injection, appreciable enhancement of secretory activity, evidenced, in the zone of matrix secretion, by the abundance in Golgi cisternae of stippled material representing proteinpolysaccharide complexes. Disintegration of the lining membrane of individual Golgi vesicles was advanced after twenty-four hours; following three days of treatment, few vesicles remained intact, and pools of initially intravacuolar material were observable in the gound plasm. Long filaments, suggestive of primary or precursor collagen fibrils were apparent in this secretion. After six days, virtual lakes of this substance filled cells in the zone of prehypertophy, with consequent displacement of the rough endoplasmic reticulum against the cell periphery. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, containing mateerial similar to that found in the lacunar moat, and displaying finely beaded, radially arrayed filaments on the lining membrane were frequently encountered. Our observations suggest an initial acclleration of chondrocytic secretory activity, with subsequent retardation of transport. The resultant retention and intracellular polymerization of precollagenous products accelerates hypertrophy, thereby promoting early degeneration of chondrocytes. These ultrastructural alterations are apparently estrogen-specific.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 12-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Cartilage ; Testosterone ; Ultrastructure ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Bien que la clinique et l'expérimentation semblent démontrer que des doses élevées de testostérone provoquent un arrêt prématuré de la croissance, le mécanisme exact et le lieu précis de son action sur l'appareil de croissance des os longs restent indéterminés. Au cours de cette étude, des rats máles de 200 g sont injectés à l'aide de doses supra-physiologiques de testostérone pour observer les effects sub-microscopiques sur les diverses zones du cartilage épiphysaire. Au niveau de la zone de division cellulaire, on note une augmentation des cellules en division. Les cellules, en voie de maturation, présentent plus de produits de sécrétion, à un stade plus précoce de leur cycle d'évolution, et semblent subir une hypertrophie plus rapide. Dans la zone pré-hypertrophique, la matrice intercellulaire présente des foyers de calcification précoce, ainsi que des fibres collagènes plus longues et plus épaisses que chez les témoins. Il apparait que, chez l'animal entier, des doses même élevées de testostérone provoquent initialement une stimulation de la prolifération chondrocytaire, avant de favoriser les processus de maturation.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Obwohl experimentelle und klinische Erfahrung darauf hinweisen, daß hohe Dosen von Testosteron zu einem frühzeitigen Wachstumsabschluß führen, sind der genaue Mechanismus und der eigentliche Wirkungsort dieses Hormons im Wachstumsapparat der Röhrenknochen unbekannt geblieben. In diesem Experiment wurden 200 g schweren männlichen Ratten supraphysiologische Testosterondosen injiziert, um die submikroskopischen Auswirkungen auf die verschiedenen Zonen des Epiphysenknorpels zu beobachten. In der Zone der Zellmitosen fand sich eine erhöhte Anzahl von sich teilenden Zellen. Die reifenden Zellen häuften im Frühstadium ihres Lebenscyclus größere Mengen von Sekretionsprodukten an und schienen eine abruptere Hypertrophie durchzumachen. In der prähypertrophen Zone enthielt die interterritoriale Matrix Herde von früher und verfrühter Verkalkung, sowie dickere und längere Kollagenfasern als vergleichsweise in Kontrolltieren. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß bei unbehandelten Tieren sogar große Testosterondosen anfänglich eine Stimulation der Chondrocytenproliferation verursachen, bevor sie die Reifungsprozesse veranlassen.
    Notes: Abstract Although experimental and clinical experience indicates that large doses of testosterone lead to premature cessation of growth, the exact mechanism and precise site of action of this hormone on the growth apparatus of long bones remain unknown. In this study, plateaued male rats were injected with supraphysiologic doses of testosterone to observe the submicroscopic effects on the various zones of the epiphyseal cartilage. In the zone of cell division there were increased numbers of dividing cells. The maturing cells accumulated larger amounts of secretory products at earlier stages of their life cycle, and appeared to undergo a more abrupt hypertrophy. In the zone of prehypertrophy, the interterritorial matrix contained foci of early and premature calcification and thicker and longer collagen fibers than at comparable levels in controls. It is concluded that in intact animals, even large doses of testosterone initially cause a stimulation of chondrocyte proliferation, prior to promoting maturation processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 31-45 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Prism ; Crystals ; Growth ; Shell ; Formation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le début des prismes est visible au niveau de la région proximale de la surface externe du repli périphérique externe dans l'espace palléal, limité extérieurement par la périostracum. Le premier stade de formation d'un prisme est identique à celui observé dans la formation du nacre, à savoir l'élaboration d'une lamelle dense aux électrons qui sert de limite interne au futur prisme. Les fragments de lamelles se détachent et migrent vers un espace bordé extérieurement par le periostracum. Ces fragments lamellaires forment des enveloppes, au niveau desquelles on observe le dépôt initial et la croissance des cristaux. En même temps, on voit apparaitre des parois interprismatiques nettes, qui dérivent aussi des lamelles. La croissance de nouveaux cristaux et d'éléments organiques donne finalement un prisme adulte allongé. La croissance de la coquille se fait en périphérie, surtout par formation de nouveaux prismes. En outre, un environnement modifié, qui consiste en un dédoublement du periostracum au niveau de la surface distale, donne naissance à des ilôts étroits, contenant des prismes, qui se forment sur les bords de l'espace produit par la courbe du periostracum.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Prismenbildung beginnt in der proximalen Region der äußeren Oberfläche der äußeren Mantelfalte in Pallialraum, der gegen außen durch das Periostracum begrenzt wird. Der erste Schritt bei einer Prismenbildung verläuft gleich, wie dies bei der Perlmutterbildung beobachtet werden kann, nämlich in Form der Ausarbeitung einer elektronenoptisch dichten Lamelle, welche als innere Begrenzung des zukünftigen Prismas dient. Fragmente der Lamelle werden abgetrennt und wandern zu einem Zwischenraum, der gegen außen durch das Periostracum abgeschlossen wird. Diese Lamellenfragmente bilden Hüllen, innerhalb welcher der Kristall entsteht und sein Wachstum stattfindet. Gleichzeitig bilden sich dicke, zwischen den Prismen liegende Wände, die ebenfalls von den Lamellen abstammen. Das aus der Bildung zusätzlicher Kristalle bestehende Wachstum, zusammen mit den organischen Komponenten, läßt schließlich das reife längliche Prisma entstehen. Das Wachstum der Muschel spielt sich am Rande hauptsächlich durch Bildung neuer Prismen ab. Durch eine Veränderung der Umgebung, bestehend aus einer Verdoppelung des Periostracums an der distalen Oberfläche, entstehen zusätzlich dünne, prismenhaltige Sporne, welche innerhalb des begrenzten Raumes vorkommen, der sich durch das Überschlagen des Periostracums bildet.
    Notes: Abstract The initiation of prisms occurs in the proximal region of the outer surface of the outer mantle fold in the pallial space bounded externally by the periostracum. The first step in the formation of a prism is similar to that observed in the formation of nacre, namely, the elaboration of an electron-dense lamella that serves as the internal boundary of the future prism. Fragments of the lamella become detached and migrate to a chamber bounded externally by the periostracum. These lamellar fragments form envelopes within which crystal initiation and growth oocur. At the same time stout interprismatic walls appear. They are also derived from the lamellae. Growth consisting of the formation of additional crystals and the organic components finally give rise to the mature elongated prism. Growth of the shell occurs at the margin chiefly by formation of new prisms in this area. In addition a modified environment consisting of duplicature of the periostracum on the distal surface results in the formation of thin spurs containing prisms that occur within the confines of the space created by the periostracal loop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 15 (1974), S. 201-212 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Calcification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des cals expérimentaux de neuf jours, formés au niveau de radius de jeunes rats, sont traités par la méthode calcium-cobalt de Gomori (1939) pour la mise en évidence ultrastructurale de la phosphatase alcaline afin d'étudier son rôle éventuel dans le dépôt du calcium. L'activité enzymatique apparait initialement sous forme de précipités globulaires en dehors de la membrane cellulaire de jeunes chondroblastes hypertrophiques. Ce précipité donne ensuite naissance à des corps sphériques de phosphatase alcaline qui se forme près de la cellule. Ces corps sphériques s'observent dans une zone intermédiaire plus éloignée. Une formation de cristaux en aiguilles (apparemment une calcification) se développe dans des corps isolés ou agrégés, laissant voir nettement leurs limites, même lorsque la calcification est plus avancée au point qu'on ne peut plus distinguer des cristaux individuels. Au niveau des coupes témoins, traitées de façon identique mais sans substrat ou avec de l'E.D.T.A., on n'observe ni précipité enzymatique ou corps sphériques. L'aspect des dépôts cristallins dans des corps qui contiennent de la phosphatase alcaline ne peut s'expliquer que par l'existence d'une association étroite entre enzymes et calcification.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Neun Tage alter experimenteller Kallus an Radii von jungen Ratten wurde mit Gomori's (1939) Calcium-Kobalt Methode untersucht, um die Verteilung der alkalischen Phosphatase und ihre Beziehung zur Calciumablagerung ultrastrukturell zu demonstrieren. Enzymaktivität zeigte sich zuerst als globulares Präzipitat außerhalb der Zellmembran von Knorpelzellen im Beginn der Hypertrophie. Aus dieser Präzipitatschicht entstanden dann gerundete Körperchen, die sich von der Zelle abtrennten. Solche Körperchen wurden auch in größerer Entfernung von der Zelle beobachtet, d.h. in einer Zwischenzone zwischen benachbarten Zellen. Nadelförmige Kristalle, wahrscheinlich von Calcium-Salzen, wurden in einzelnen oder aggregierten Körperchen beobachtet. Die äußere Zone der Körperchen blieb jedoch deutlich sichtbar, selbst dann, wenn der Calciumgehalt derart zugenommen hatte, daß einzelne Kristalle nicht länger erkennbar waren. In Kontrollen, die in gleicher Weise behandelt waren, aber ohne Substrat oder mit Zufügung von EDTA, wurden weder Präzipitate noch Körperchen beobachtet. Das Auftreten von Calciumablagerungen in alkalischer Phosphatase enthaltenden Körperchen scheint kaum anders erklärbar als durch eine enge funktionelle Verbindung zwischen Enzym und Calciumablagerung.
    Notes: Abstract Nine day old experimental calluses in radii of young rats were treated with Gomori's (1939) calcium-cobalt method to demonstrate ultrastructurally the presence of alkaline phosphatase in a search for its possible role in the desposition of calcium. Enzyme activity first appeared as globule-like precipitates outside the cell membrane of early hypertrophic cartilage cells. This precipitate layer then seemed to give rise to spherical bodies of alkaline phosphatase which occur at a slight distance from the cell. The spherical bodies were also observed further away from the cell in an intermediate zone between neighboring cells. Needle-like crystal formation, apparently calcification, occurred inside single or aggregated bodies, leaving their peripheral rim clearly visible, even when calcification had increased to such an extent that individual crystals could no longer be recognised. In controls, treated in the same way but without substrate, or with EDTA, no enzyme precipitate or spherical bodies were seen. The appearance of crystalline deposits in bodies which contain alkaline phosphatase seems difficult to explain on any other basis than that there is a close functional association between the enzyme and calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 307-317 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Cartilage ; Calcification ; Inorganic ; Organic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La phase organique (ou fantôme des cristaux) associéc à chaque cristal, ainsi que la substance de base associée à chaque cristal, ainsi que la substance de base associée à chaque amas cristallin, sont mises en évidence au niveau du cartilage calcifié en utilisant le sulfate de chrome basique comme agent de fixation, de coloration et de déminéralisation. Le traitement ultérieur du tissu, à l'aide de papaïne ou d'hyaluronidase, indique que les fantômes cristallins constitutent un complexe protéino-polysaccharidique et que la substance de base est formée par une protéine associée à un polysaccharide acide. Les rapports entre phases inorganique et organique sont discutés.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die organische Phase (oder Kristallit-Schatten), die zu jedem Kristallit gehört, sowie das Hintergrundmaterial, das zu jeder Kristallitgruppe gehört, wurden in calcifiziertem Knorpel sichtbar gemacht. Zu diesem Zweck wurde basisches Chromsulfat als ein kombiniertes Fixierungs-, Färbe- und Demineralisierungsmittel verwendet. Nachfolgende Behandlung des Gewebes mit Papain oder Hyaluronidase läßt vermuten, daß die Kristallitschatten einen Proteinpolysaccharidkomplex darstellen und daß das Hintergrundmaterial hauptsächlich aus Protein mit einigen sauren Polysacchariden besteht. Die Beziehung zwischen anorganischen und organischen Phasen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The organic phase (or crystallite ghost) associated with each crystallite, together with the background material associated with each crystallite cluster, was demonstrated in calcified cartilage using basic chromium sulphate as a combined fixative, stain, and demineralizing agent. Subsequent treatment of the tissue with papain, or with hyaluronidase, suggests that the crystallite ghosts represented a protein-polysaccharide complex and that the background material was principally protein together with some acid polysaccharide. The relationship between inorganic and organic phases is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Scenedesmus Bristles ; Openings ; Props ; Ridges ; Tubules ; Brisble Origin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bristles radiating from openings were detected on colonies and unicells ofScenedesmus culture N 46, when examined with transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Although narrower, they correspond in gross appearance and ultrastructure to previously describedScenedesmus bristles. Openings, bordered by a series of props, are unlike those ofScenedesmus culture 614. Additional props are observed scattered independently on the cell wall; ridges are composed of a linear row of props. Sections of cells, or cell walls, reveal an additional prop, situated inside the openings; these props are composed of several tubules. Possible extrusion of bristles through these tubules, as well as the origin of the bristle from the cavity and vesicles immediately under the opening are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 305-317 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Marine Fungi ; Ultrastructure ; Multilamellate Sporangial Wall ; Sagenogenetosome ; Zoospore Cleavage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and ultrastructure of aJaponochytrium sp. has been studied by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The wall has been shown to be multilamellate and persistent. Stages in zoospore cleavage are described and sagenogenetosomes reported in mature sporangia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Allomyces ; Zoospores ; Cell Wall ; Wall Formation ; Lomasome ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural observations on encysting haploid zoospores of Allomyces arbuscula are presented with special reference to cell wall deposition. Multivesicular bodies are observed in the cytoplasm of zoospores 15 min after inoculation, lomasomes after 30 min and fine membrane profiles between the plasmalemma and the cyst wall are observed after 4 h indicating a possible system for secretion of cell wall components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 331-344 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Myxomycetes ; Ultrastructure ; Development ; Systematics ; Food Vacuoles ; Stalk Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations of sporophore development in fresh and glutaraldehydeosmium sequentially-fixed material ofProtophysarum phloiogenum show the following sequence. Small plasmodia cease streaming and round up. Food vacuoles collect in the lower center of the cytoplasmic mass. As the cytoplasm rises the food vacuolar contents are excluded from the plasmalemma and become the stalk core. A continuous, fibrous peridium and stalk tube enclose cytoplasm and stalk core respectively. Capillitial formation just precedes spore cleavage. Sporophore development is marked by autophagic activity and calcium deposition. Stalks of dried herbarium specimens of seven additional species have been examined. A mature stalk morphology very similar toProtophysarum with recognizable remnants of microorganismal food material is seen in all of them. It is thought that this marker is indicative of non-stemonitaceous stalk development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 175-182 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Septa ; Schizophyllum ; Dissolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A strain ofSchizophyllum commune carrying a mutation in theB-mating factor (B-mut) shows septal dissolution when grown at 30° C for 2 to 3 days. The septa are intact if the organism is grown at 25° C for the same time, but begin to break down within 1 h after transfer to 30° C. At the ultrastructural level the dolipore swelling is the first part of the septal apparatus to be degraded, closely followed by the disorganization of the parenthesomes. A progressive thinning of the septal cross-wall produces an enlargement of the septal aperture sufficient to allow the passage of nuclei. It appears that degradative enzymes are probably carried to the site of septal dissolution in vesicles derived from endoplasmic reticulum in the area of the septal apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 96 (1974), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anabaena cylindrica ; Nitrogen Starvation ; Pigmentation ; Ultrastructure ; Heterocyst Differentiation ; Nitrogenase Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen starvation, effected by incubating a culture ofAnabaena cylindrica in a medium free from combined nitrogen and under an atmosphere of 1% CO2 in argon, leads to rapid and characteristic changes in the appearance, structure and function of the alga. Change of colour, due apparently to a decrease in the amounts of nitrogenous pigments, is accompanied by a structural transformation of vegetative cells: cyanophycin granules and polyhedral bodies disintegrate, lipid and glycogen accumulate, and large membrane-bound spaces form by means of thylakoid swelling and vesiculation. The rate of heterocyst differentiation and nitrogenase activity is increased. These changes are fully reversed on addition of ammonia to the culture. It appears that thylakoids reform by coalescence of small vesicles assembled in the intrathylakoidal space. Rapid ammonia assimilation is indicated by ample formation of cyanophycin granules in vegetative cells and of “plugs” in the heterocysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 115-126 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Endocytosis ; Tetrahymena ; Lysosomes ; Exocytosis ; Acid Hydrolases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Endocytosis of yeast cells by Tetrahymena pyriformis GL for a period of 2.5 h produced changes in cellular acid hydrolases. Acid phosphatase, acid deoxyribonuclease and acid proteinase activities were markedly increased, whereas there was a decrease in acid ribonuclease activity and little change in α-glucosidase activity. These alterations do not appear to be due to any alteration in the rates of secretion of these enzymes into the milieu. Evidence is presented that the cellular enzyme increases found upon endocytosis of yeast reflect changes in lysosomal enzymes, because it was shown that the acid phosphatase activity increase resulted in an increased amount of latent enzyme within the cell. The results also support the idea that there are at least 3 distinct populations of lysosomes, in addition to phagolysosomes, present in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL, with different modes of formation. There appears to be a large excess of lysosomes, uncombined with phagosomes, present in these fed cells since latency averaged 66% in broken-cell preparations which contained very few intact phagolysosomes. The phagolysosomal acid phophatase activity cannot account for more than 34% of that present in the cell. The endocytosis of yeast in the presence of growth medium resulted in a marked drop in the rate of cell division as compared to cells growing in the growth medium alone. The results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas ; Senescent ; Microtubules ; Complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Complexes of twisted ribbons composed of ordered arrays of microtubules are identified in close association with the plasmalemma and the surfaces of some organelles in senescent cells of photoheterotrophically cultured Chlamydomonas dysosmos. The ribbon complexes occur throughout the cytoplasm, and do not appear related to the flagellar insertions. The component microtubules are approximately 26 nm in width, exhibiting a center-to-center spacing of about 44 nm. Additional cytoplasmic microtubules are often closely related to the tubular complexes. A detailed description of their fine structure is presented here which tends to support the ascribed function of microtubules in maintaining the structural integrity of the protoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 221-230 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anabaena cylindrica ; Molybdenum ; Vanadium ; Nitrogenase ; Ultrastructure ; Storage Products ; Heterocyst Frequency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The structural and functional symptoms of molybdenum deficiency inAnabaena cylindrica grown in a medium without combined nitrogen and thus dependent on fixation of elemental nitrogen, resemble those brought about by nitrogen starvation. However, the substantially increased rate of heterocyst differentiation in this culture is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in nitrogenase activity; on the contrary, enzyme activity is severely impaired in the absence of molybdenum. When the supply of molybdenum, or of ammonia, is restored, the alga recovers rapidly. Vanadium exerts an inhibitory effect upon nitrogen-fixing ability of the alga, and its presence in the molybdenum-deficient culture results in the amplification of the symptoms of mlybdenum deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 265-269 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Microbodies ; Vacuolaria ; Gonyostomum ; Chloromonadophyceae ; Chromophyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microbody-like organelles occur in the cytoplasm of two chloromonadophycean algae,Vacuolaria virescens Cienkowsky andGonyostomum semen Diesing. Microbodies ofVacuolaria andGonyostomum have a granular matrix which lacks a crystalloid core; they are often present in close association with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum. The occurrence of microbodies in other algae is briefly reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 101 (1974), S. 95-107 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Zoophagus insidians Rotifer ; Predacious Fungi ; Oomycetes ; Glue Secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The predacious watermold Zoophagus insidians traps loricate rotifers on short, lateral branches of the main, hyphal axis. These branches or “traps” are packed at their distal ends with a number of vesicles filled with an electron-dense matrix. Electron micrographs of the mycelium disclose a two-layered wall; the outer layer is electron dense and the inner, electron transparent. The outer dense layer on the tip of the “trap” is organized into a number of fine ridges and occasional discontinuities. Thin sections through recently trapped rotifers indicate that the cilia of the animals are stuck to the trap by a glue. This adhesive is derived from secretion of the matrix of the vesicles aggregated in the tip of the trap. The secretion mechanism is triggered by the animal and is accompanied by: 1. The separation of the two layers of the wall, 2. fusion of the vesicles with the cell membrane and 3. extrusion of the glue through pits in the tip of the inner wall of the “trap”. After snaring a rotifer, the previously arrested branch grows as a haustorium into the body cavity of the animal. The host tissues disintegrate within a few hours and appear to be the main nutrient source of the fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus ; Spirillum serpens ; Freeze Fracture ; Electron Microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Membrane Damage ; Organismic Associations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The freeze-fracture technique and electron microscopy have been used to demonstrate that localized damage is inflicted upon the cytoplasmic membrane of Spirillum serpens VHL within 20 to 30 min after the start of its association with Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109D. This damage is not observed in uninfected Spirillum cells, nor in infected cells within the first 10 min. This damage takes the form of a “blister” which, when viewed stereoscopically in electron micrographs, is seen to project toward the interior of the Spirillum cell. Shortly after its formation, the blister becomes elaborated into a series of ridges which may assume forms ranging from an elaborate spiral to a series of loops or knots. The formation of a blister is shown to involve both the inner and outer leaves of the membrane bilayer, and evidence is presented to indicate that the blister site corresponds to the site of attachment of the Bdellovibrio cell. The hypothesis is proposed that this ultrastructural damage is the cytological basis for the controlled and localized leakage through the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasmic space of the Spirillum cell at locations adjacent to the Bdellovibrio cell. It is suggested that this localized membrane damage may be the ultrastructural basis for the high efficiency with which bdellowvibrios are known to incorporate cytoplasmic materials from the other bacteria in whose periplasmic spaces they develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Streptomycetes ; Ultrastructure ; Surface Sheath
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Tubular-like structures were regularly revealed in the surface sheath of the aerial mycelium of the parent strain of Streptomycetes roseoflavus var. roseofungini. In their shape and dimensions these structures were highly reminiscent of those massive accumulation of which was earlier reported to occur in cultures of dedifferentiated nocardioform “fructose” mutant of the same parent strain. 2. The tubular-like structures of the aerial mycelium sheath were shown to be markedly susceptible to brief acetone washing, undergoing almost complete desintegration. 3. On addition of water to crude acetone extract of the aerial mycelium precipitation and possible selfassembly of a spectrum of various structures occurred (folded scaly, bubble-like, spout-like). Some among structures so produced were reminiscent of those found in spectra of structures observed in reconstruction experiments with tubules from the mutant as well as of structures found in the aerial sheath of the parent strain and some other actinomycetes. Similarity in subunit structure of above materials was also noticeable. The presence, in the sheath of aerial mycelium, of material with a tendency to selforganization is discussed in relation to the possible involvement of selfassembly processes in the formation of the surface sheath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 419-436 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Gloeobacter violaceus ; Photosynthetic Pigments ; DNA Base Composition ; Fatty Acid Composition ; Cyanobacterium ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gloebacter violaceus gen. and sp. n. is a unicellular photosynthetic prokaryote of unusual cellular structure. The only unit membrane in the small, rod-shaped cells is the cytoplasmic membrane, which has a simple contour, without intrusions. Immediately underlying it is an electron-dense layer 80 nm thick. Gloeobacter is an aerobic photoautotroph which contains chlorophyll α, β-carotene and other carotenoids, allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. Chlorophyll and carotenoids are associated with the particulate fraction of cell-free extracts, and are thus probably localized in the cytoplasmic membrane. The phycobiliproteins may be associated with the electron-dense 80 nm layer. The DNA contains 64.4 moles percent GC. The cellular lipids have a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, largely linoleate and γ-linolenate. Despite its atypical fine structure, Gloeobacter is evidently a cyanobacterium, sufficiently different from other unicellular cyanobacteria to be placed in a new genus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 13-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory receptors ; Insects ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antennae of Scolytus multistriatus were examined with light and scanning and transmitting-electron microscopy to determine the distributions, types and structures of sense organs. Four types of sensilla were found: (1) sensilla chaetica, a singly-innervated receptor; (2) sensilla basiconica, Type A, a short, thin-walled, multiple-innervated receptor; (3) sensilla basiconica, Type B, a long, thin-walled multiple-innervated receptor; and (4) sensilla trichodea, short, thick-walled, multiple-innervated receptors. The positioning of dendrite(s) with regard to pore tubules is elaborated. Evidence for lack of sensory axon fusion is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 97-119 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insects ; Epicuticle secretion ; Golgi system ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les modifications cytologiques des cellules épidermiques sécrétant la cuticule sternale et pleurale de l'adulte deT. molitor sont étudiées pendant la formation et l'évolution de l'épicuticule externe et interne. L'épicuticule externe et interne sont sécrétées de la même façon par condensation de matériel diffus au-dessus de l'apex des microvillosités. Un cycle hétérolytique est mis en évidence par l'emploi de peroxydase injectée dans l'espace exuvial: la peroxydase est captée par de grosses vésicules revêtues et incorporée dans des corps multivésiculaires apicaux. Par comptage des différentes populations de vésicules, des variations nettes dans l'intensité de la pinocytose sont mises en évidence. Ces variations semblent en rapport non pas avec la digestion de l'ancienne cuticule mais avec les différences de nature et de structure des composants cuticulaires. L'hypothèse du contrôle de la sécrétion épidermique par les phénomènes de pinocytose énoncée par Locke (1969) est confirmée. Des vésicules d'origine golgiennes sont secrétées surtout après la formation de l'épicuticule et ne sont donc pas à l'origine du matériel épicuticulaire, mais il est possible qu'elles jouent un rôle dans l'évolution ultérieure des structures épicuticulaires.
    Notes: Summary The cytological modifications of the epidermal cells secreting sternal and pleural cuticle of adultTenebrio are studied, specially during the formation and evolution of the outer and inner epicuticle. Both layers are secreted by condensation of diffuse material just above the epidermal microvilli. There is no peculiar phase without microvilli when inner epicuticle is formed. During the secretion of pre-ecdysial cuticle, the epidermal cell is characterized by an heterolytic process which is demonstrated by peroxidase injection into the ecdysial space: horseradish peroxidase is absorbed by large pinocytic coated vesicles which discharge their content into multivesicular bodies, after the loss of their coat. The intensity of pinocytosis is studied by vesicles counts at different stages of the pupal life. These counts show a pinocytic peak when the inner epicuticle is formed. When the epicuticular barrier is completely secreted, exogenous peroxidase is no more absorbed, but morphological study and counts show that pinocytosis still occurs. This demonstrates that epidermis cannot absorb macromolecules arising from the digested old cuticle since digestion occurs after the completion of adult epicuticle. Locke's hypothesis about the “control of the extracellular subcuticular environment” by pinocytosis is confirmed. The Golgi complexes are involved in lytic process with their small coated vesicles and in secretion of cuticular material with their large dense secretory vesicles, but according to vesicle counts, the secretory vesicles are not concerned in epicuticle formation since their apparition is posterior to the deposition of the inner epicuticle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 212-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spiders ; Cupiennius salei ; Slit sense organs ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein großes Einzelspaltsinnesorgan auf dem Tarsus der Spinne Cupienniua salei Keys. wird elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht und mit einem kleinen tarsalen Einzelorgan sowie dem zusammengsetzten (lyriformen) Organ des Metatarsus verglichen. 1. Der sog. Spalt besteht aus zwei Anteilen: a) Der in der Exocuticula gelegene hat die Gestalt einer Rinne (Länge ca. 51 μm, Breite ca. 2,2 μm), welche an den Enden ihrer Längserstreckung flach ist und in einer Mittelzone die Exocuticula bis auf einen ca. 0,23 μm starken Boden (innere Membran = M.i.) durchstößt. Die Exocuticula bildet um den Spalt herum einen verstärkenden Rahmen mit spezifischer Anordnung der exocuticularen Lamellen. b) Der in Meso- und Endocuticula gelegene Anteil öffnet sich von M. i. aus glockenförmig zur Epidermis hin. 2. Der Spalt ist überall von einer ca. 0,25 μm dicken Membran (äußere Membran M.a.) bedeckt, deren quantitativ wichtigste Komponente elektronenoptisch der innersten Lage der Epicuticula (dense layer) gleicht. 3. Das Spaltsinnesorgan wird von zwei Dendriten innerviert. Während einer davon nahe M.i. endet, zieht der andere durch eine Öffnung in dieser bis zu M. a. 4. Beide Dendrite weisen dieselbe feinstrukturelle Dreigliederung auf. a) Der dem Zellsoma folgende Abschnitt enthält Tubuli und einige randständige Mitochondrien. b) Nach distal folgt eine mitochondrienreiche und tubuluslose Dendritenanschwellung. c) Der somafernste Abschnitt beginnt mit einer Ciliarstruktur, deren Basalkörper in der Anschwellung liegen. Er zeichnet sich durch zahlreiche von periodischen Querstrukturen miteinander verbundene Tubuli sowie das vollkommene Fehlen von Mitochondrien aus. 5. Distal von der Ciliarstruktur umgibt eine gemeinsame elektronendichte Scheide die beiden Dendrite. 6. In der Mittelzone ihrer Längserstreckung bildet M.a. an einem in der Aufsicht tropfenförmigen und leicht versenkten Flächenausschnitt eine zylinderförmige Vertiefung (Tiefe ca. 1 μm, ø ca. 0,5 μm) aus, durch deren Boden der längere Dendrit samt Scheide hindurchzieht, um als fingerförmige Erhebung in dem Zylinder zu enden. Das Ende dieses Dendriten zeichnet sich durch eine extra- und intrazelluläre Ansammlung elektronendichter Substanz aus (Tubularkörper). 7. Eine innere und eine äußere Hüllzelle (Hz 1 bzw. Hz 2) umgeben die Dendrite gemeinsam. Hz 1 endet distal auf Höhe der Ciliarkörper, Hz 2 reicht nahe bis zu M.i. Der apikale Bereich von Hz 2 bildet eine große, nach distal offene Invagination aus, welche von Mikrovilli und einer daraufliegenden extrazellulären Substanz gesäumt wird. Elektronenoptisch vergleichbares Material findet sich in einem ausgedehnten Lakunensystem, das weiter proximal von weiteren Zellinvaginationen und erweiterten Extrazellularräumen gebildet wird. 8. Der sensorische Apparat eines kleinen tarsalen Einzelorgans sowie des metatarsalen lyriformen Organs stimmt im wesentlichen mit dem des großen tarsalen Einzelspalts überein.
    Notes: Summary A large single slit sense organ on the tarsus of the spider Cupiennius salei Keys, was examined electronmicroscopically and compared with a small single slit sense organ also on the tarsus and with the compound (lyriform) organ on the metatarsus. 1. The so-called slit consists of two parts. The upper one is a trough-shaped chamber in the exocuticle, flat at both ends of its longitudinal axis and growing deeper towards its mid-portion until only a floor remains 0.23 μm thick (inner membrane of the slit = M.i.). The exocuticle thickens around the slit into a reinforcing frame with specific arrangement of the exocuticular lamellae. The lower part opens out from M.i. like a bell into the meso- and endocuticle. 2. The trough-shaped upper chamber is covered by a membrane 0.25 μm thick (outer membrane of the slit = M.a.). The main component of this membrane resembles the “dense layer” of the epicuticle. 3. The slit is innervated by two dendrites. One of them ends close to M.i. The other passes through an opening of M.i. and runs up to M. a. 4. Both dendrites are composed of three portions markedly different in fine structure. a) The portion close to the soma contains tubules and a modest number of mitochondria. b) More distally a pronounced swelling of the dendrite follows, rich in mitochondria but lacking tubules. c) The most distal part begins with a ciliary configuration of microtubules. Its basal bodies are located in the dendritic swelling. This part does not contain any mitochondria but numerous tubules with a network of electron dense material between them. 5. Distal to their ciliary segments both dendrites are surrounded by a common sheath of high electron density. 6. Viewed from above a slight, flat, tear-shaped depression can be seen in M.a. Towards its middle the depression deepens to form a cylinder (ø 0.5 μm, depth 1 μm). The end of the longer dendrite penetrates the floor of this cylinder and projects like a finger into its interior. About 0.7 μm proximal and distal to the dendrite — M.a. junction, electron dense material accumulates around and within the dendrite (tubular body). 7. Two sheath cells surround both dendrites in common. The inner cell terminates at the level of the ciliary structure. The outer cell continues more distally towards M.i. The apical part of the outer sheath cell forms a large invagination bordered by a microvillous cell membrane and an extracellular layer of medium electron density. A substance very similar or identical with that of the layer is found deeper within the leg in a spaceous lacunar system formed by further cell invaginations and extended extracellular gaps. 8. The fine structure of the input apparatus of a small single slit on the tarsus and the compound lyriform organ on the metatarsus is essentially the same as that of the large single tarsal slit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 388-395 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pomatoceros triqueter ; Egg investments ; Fertilization reaction ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of unfertilized and fertilized egg investments ofPomatoceros triqueter is described. A characteristic feature is the presence of a hitherto unrecorded additional investment layer, inserted between the chorion and the “outer border layer”, which is referred to as the intermediate layer. The fertilization reaction consists of the release of cortical granule material into the perivitelline “space”, and the severing of the microvillous cytosome to “outer border layer” connections, thus allowing an increase in the width of the perivitelline “space”. More ridged corrugations are found on the outer surface of the investments in the fertilized as compared with the unfertilized condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 113 (1971), S. 420-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Hepatopancreas ; Cell differentiation ; Digestion ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of R-, F-, and B-cells and of the myoepithelial network in crayfish hepatopancreas tubules was studied as a basis for the functional interpretation of hepatopancreatic digestive activity: 1. R-cells absorb luminal nutrients, mainly via contact digestion and molecular transport, and they store and metabolize glycogen and lipids. To this extent, R-cells combine the functions of vertebrate intestinal absorptive and hepatic parenchymal cells. 2. F-cells synthesize digestive enzymes and sequester them in a supranuclear vacuole which enlarges by pinocytic intake of luminal nutrients and fluids. 3. F-cell to B-cell transformation results from continued engorgement of the F-cell's supranuclear vacuole until only the nuclear region and a pinocytically activeapical complex remain identifiable. 4. B-cell secretion involves pinching off of the apical complex followed by extrusion of the enzyme-rich vacuolar contents. 5. The tubule's myoepithelial network consists of circular fibers, each containing a single myofibril, which branch to form longitudinal fibers. Sarcomeres are long (10–12 μ) and each thick myofilament is surrounded by 11–13 thin ones. This arrangement permits coordinated, tonic contractions of tubule segments which transport nutrients “in” and enzymes “out”. 6. Neurosecretory control of tubular function is suggested by the presence of vesicle-containing, extratubular cell processes which contact the circular muscle fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 114 (1971), S. 1-21 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Elasmobranchs ; Glomerular Vessels ; Tubular Secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Glomerula und Hauptstücke der Elasmobranchierniere fallen nach lichtmikroskopischen Studien durch strukturelle Besonderheiten auf, die möglicherweise mit der physiologischen Uraemie dieser Tiergruppe in Zusammenhang stehen. Um weitere morphologische Grundlagen für spätere cytochemische und physiologische Untersuchungen zu gewinnen, haben die Autoren die genannten Nephronabschnitte elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Folgende Befunde wurden erhoben: 1. Die erstaunliche Dicke der Glomerulumgefäße der Elasmobranchier — sie beträgt durchschnittlich 7 μ — beruht auf der Ausbildung einer zellreichen Schicht (Durchmesser durchschnittlich 6 μ) zwischen Podozyten und Endothel. 2. Die Podozyten tragen Einzelcilien, die in den Kapselraum hineinragen, und werden von Strähnen zarter, etwa 80 Å dicker Filamente durchzogen. Möglicherweise handelt es sich um Myofilamente. Zwischen den Füßchen der Podozyten auf der Basalmembran kommen Schlitzmembranen vor. 3. Die Mittelschicht der Gefäßwand entspricht einer stark verdickten Basalmembran, in die außer Kollagenfibrillen Zellen eingebettet sind. Die Mehrzahl dieser intralamellären Zellen besteht aus verästelten Elementen, deren Ausläufer sich innerhalb der Membran ausbreiten. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Aussagen, die sich auf lichtmikroskopische Beobachtungen stützen, werden diese Zellen als fibrozytäre Elemente und nicht als glatte Muskelzellen gedeutet. Eine zweite intralamelläre Zellart, deren Elemente keine Ausläufer besitzen, fällt durch starke Entwicklung von Ergastoplasma auf. 4. Das relativ dicke Endothel der Glomerulumgefäße besitzt eine stark zerklüftete Oberfläche, seine Pseudofenestrierung ist weniger regelmäßig als in den Glomerula höheren Formen ausgebildet. 5. Verschiedene Zustandsbilder einer Abschnürung von vacuolär strukturierten Blasen und von Protuberanzen, die möglicherweise das Äquivalent einer apokrinen Extrusion aus den Hauptstückzellen sind, werden beschrieben. Die Frage bleibt offen, ob dieser Vorgang etwas mit der Abgabe harnpflichtiger Substanzen in das Lumen des Kanälchens zu tun hat. Es handelt sich bei diesen Strukturen nicht um Fixationsartefakte. 6. Die von Lichtmikroskopikern beschriebenen „Basalreifen“ des Nierenkanälchens entsprechen leistenartigen Erhebungen der Innenfläche der Basalmembran. Das Bild der „basalen Kittfäden“ dürfte durch die Cytoplasmapartien zwischen den Basalreifen hervorgerufen werden.
    Notes: Summary According to light microscopical studies glomerula and proximal convoluted tubules of the elasmobranch kidney are characterized by structural peculiarities, which possibly are related to the physiological uremia of this group of animals. In order to obtain morphological fundamentals for cytochemical and physiological studies, the authors have investigated the above mentioned parts of the nephron with the electron microscope. The results are as follows: 1. The remarkable thickness of the glomerular tufts in the elasmobranchs—averaging 7 μ—is due to the presence of a cell-rich layer (diameter about 6 μ) between podocytes and endothelium. 2. The podocytes bear individual cilia protruding into the capsular space. They further contain bundles of fine filaments (diameter approximately 80 Å) which possibly are myofilaments. Between the feet of the podocytes slit membranes occur on the surface of the basement lamina. 3. The medium layer of the vascular wall corresponds to a strongly thickened basement lamina, into which besides collagen fibrils and fuzzy material different cells are embedded. The majority of these intralamellar cells consists of branched elements the processes of which spread inside the membrane. In contrast to earlier statements, which were based on light microscopical observations, these cells are interpreted to represent fibrocytic elements and not smooth muscle cells. A second intralamellar cell type which does not possess any processes, is marked by well developed cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. The relatively thick endothelium of the glomerular vessels possesses a rugged surface, its pseudofenestration beeing less regular than in glomerular capillaries of higher vertebrates. 5. Vesiculated spherical bodies, swollen cellular apices and protuberances apparently being pinched off in the proximal convoluted tubule—possibly equivalents of an apocrine extrusion—are described. The authors are of the opinion that these structures do not represent artifacts caused by fixation. It remains on open question, whether this extrusion contributes to the composition of the tubular urine. 6. The “Basalreifen” of the kidney tubule as have been described by light microscopists, correspond to crests of the inner surface of the basement lamina, the “basale Kittfäden” to the strips of cytoplasm between these “Basalreifen”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 149-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nuclear division ; Protozoan ; Ultrastructure ; Microtubules ; Colchicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in the micro- and macronucleus throughout division were followed in synchronized cultures of the suctorian, Tokophrya infusionum. After an initial swelling, the micronucleus elongates enormously; microtubules within the micronucleus proliferate and lengthen as the micronucleus elongates. Changes in the macronucleus become visible only after micronuclear division is well underway. The chromatin bodies fuse into long chromatin strands, and the large bundles of microtubules present in the resting macronucleus break up into small groups which parallel the chromatin strands. Colchicine, which prevents reproduction in Tokophrya, seems to block division at a very early stage. The macronucleus appears the same as the resting nucleus of untreated organisms, with numerous microtubules and distinct chromatin bodies. The chromatin in the micronucleus aggregates into large clumps, however, and proliferation of microtubules does not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 184-195 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Oogenesis ; Rotifer ; RNA synthesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oocyte development in Asplanchna brightwelli was studied by observation through the transparent body wall of living females and by electron microscopy. During oogenesis, which requires four to six hours, the oocyte increases in volume approximately 1000-fold. Most of its cytoplasm appears to be derived from the vitellarium by direct flow through the cytoplasmic bridge. This flow is rapid enough to be easily observed in the living female at low magnifications. Ribosomes, mitochondria, cortical granules, and lipid droplets were observed in the bridge area in electron micrographs. RNA synthesis during oogenesis was studied by means of autoradiography. Very little synthesis could be demonstrated in oocyte nuclei at any period of oogenesis, whereas the vitellarium nuclei show active incorporation of 3H-uridine throughout the reproductive life of the adult female. Most of this RNA is subsequently transferred to developing oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 426-441 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Regeneration ; Actinomycin D ; Cellular differentiation ; Young Planarians ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'utilisation de l'actinomycine D, au cours de la régénération de Planaires à l'éclosion ou de celle d'adultes, montre que ces deux groupes d'animaux réagissent différemment à l'antibiotique. La régénération se produit en présence de l'antibiotique chez les jeunes Planaires, alors que, pour la même concentration (50 μg/cm3), elle est totalement bloquée chez les adultes. Elle débute dès la décapitation des animaux; le retour dans l'eau, après un traitement par l'antibiotique qui va de 1 à 4 jours, ne modifie pas son déroulement morphologique. L'examen ultrastructural montre que les cellules différenciées présentent le plus souvent des dissociations nucléolaires importantes. Les lésions s'étendent progressivement à toute la cellule qui dégénère fréquemment. Les cellules morphologiquement indifférenciées ne sont que faiblement altérées (raréfaction du composant granulaire du nucléole), et récupèrent une structure normale après retour dans l'eau. Ces résultats conduisent à envisager l'étude des synthèses d'ARN, au cours de ces expériences, au niveau des organismes entiers et au niveau cellulaire.
    Notes: Summary The utilization of actinomycin D during the regeneration of young and adult Planarians shows that the two groups of animals react differently to the antibiotic. Regeneration takes place in the presence of the antibiotic in young Planarians, whereas it is entirely inhibited in adult ones, applying the same concentration (50 μg/cm3). In the young animals it begins immediately after decapitation. Their return into the water, after a treatment with the antibiotic lasting from 1 to 4 days, does not interfere with the morphological differentiation. The ultrastructural investigation exhibits that in the majority of the undifferentiated cells the nucleolus is largely dissociated. The lesions gradually extend to the whole cell which frequently degenerates. The morphologically undifferentiated cells are weakly impaired (depletion of the granular component of the nucleolus), and they recover a normal structure after their return into water. These results lead us to study the RNA synthesis, during these experimentations, on the whole organism as well as the cellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 473-493 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpus Luteum ; Guinea-Pig ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron-microscopic investigation, based on the suggestion that differences seen in progesterone levels under differing hormonal conditions might be reflected in the ultrastructural organisation of the lutein cells of the guinea-pig was undertaken. Comparisons were made between corpora lutea taken from animals during the normal oestrous cycle, pregnancy and lactation, and after hysterectomy or hypophysectomy. The lutein cells from the oestrous cycle corpus luteum appeared to be of two types, “light” and “dark”. The former were more numerous. The main difference between them lay in the arrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum. Lutein cells from corpora lutea (with the exception of the “old” degenerating corpora lutea) all contained well-developed agranular endoplasmic reticulum, little granular endoplasmic reticulum, several electron-dense lipid granules, lysosomal bodies which ranged from small spherical bodies to large autophagic vesicles and mitochondria. The mitochondria were numerous, and in the corpus luteum of pregnancy, they were closely associated with the parallel arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum. With minor exceptions, the lutein cells of the guinea-pig present a strikingly uniform picture despite their hormonal condition. The manner in which this uniformity of ultrastructure may be related to observed differences in progesterone levels in the corpus luteum of the guinea-pig is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 115 (1971), S. 524-542 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Rat-Marginal sinus ; Reticuloendothelial system ; Lysosomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the rat spleen cells are found staining with aldehyde fuchsin (AF-cells). Most of these cells are localized at the periphery of the follicles, at the inner border of the marginal sinus. They probably develop in situ. Comparable cells occur in other lymphoid organs. They are able to phagocytize, and resemble also histochemically red pulp macrophages. The aldehydefuchsinophilic granules do not stain for mucopolysaccharides. On the ultrastructural level the aldehydefuchsinophilic granules are represented by cytoplasmic bodies with a faintly granulated matrix. Because of their single membrane and the varying positive reaction on acid phosphatase these bodies are considered to be secondary lysosomes or residual bodies. They contain different materials of unknown endogenous origin. In non-immunized animals the AF-cells fail to show the characteristic dendritic protrusions and infoldings of antigen trapping cells. The cells possess some characteristics of reticular cells e.g. association with reticulin, and electron dense patches on the innerside of the cell membrane at the contact areas. They can be classified among the phagocytic reticular cells forming part of the metalophilic cells in the spleen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 443-463 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Limulus heart ; Ultrastructure ; Cardiac innervation ; Hypertonicity effects ; Intercalated disks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of Limulus cardiac muscle was examined. The hearts were fixed in situ by perfusion with isotonic glutaraldehyde solution while in relaxed, contracted, or stretched states. The sarcomeres are relatively long, varying in length from about 2.5 to 6.6 μ. The average A-band length is 2.46 μ. M lines are absent, and H zones are poorly distinguished. Thick and thin filament diameters average about 200 Å and 50 Å, respectively; each thick filament is surrounded by 8–12 thin ones. Superficial invaginations of the sarcolemma occur, making contact with the Z lines of the outermost myofibrils. There is an extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse (T) tubules. Some T tubules run longitudinally and some open into deep sarcolemmal invaginations which extend into the fiber interior. The T tubules swell markedly in hypertonic solution. Single neurons and small bundles of neurons are observed in close apposition with myocardial cells. Intercalated disks are found in Limulus heart at regions of contact between contiguous myocardial cells lying end to end; semitight or gap junctions are essentially absent. Prominent differences in sarcomere lengths sometimes occur across the disk, thus indicating that the disks demarcate cells functionally. Hence, in addition to direct motoneuron activation, there may be some transfer of excitation across the intercalated disks in accord with our previous finding that propagating, overshooting action potentials can be induced in this heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 487-501 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cryptonephridial system ; Tenebrio molitor ; Rectal complex ; Perinephric membrane ; Leptophragmata ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study has been to elucidate the structure of the rectal complex of the meal worm, in particular of the perinephric membrane and the leptophragmata. Most of Grimstone's (1968) findings have been confirmed, but in some respects a different interpretation is suggested. 1. The perinephric membrane is limited towards the hemocoele by a basement membrane secreted by a layer of elongated cells. Over the leptophragmata, these cells are lacking, whereas the basement membrane is enormously thickened, constituting the so-called blister. 2. The tracheole cells form a network in all of the perinephric membrane. 3. The perinephric membrane may be divided into an outer and an inner sheath. The main part of the outer sheath is an acellular matrix, probably a basement membrane secreted by the tracheole cells. This matrix is extremely thin over the leptophragmata. 4. The inner sheath is mostly made up of tracheole cells. In the inner part of this sheath, multiple extremely thin cell layers are observed; it is suggested that cells in these layers have nuclei located in the innermost layer of the sheath. The inner sheath is absent over the leptophragma. 5. The leptophragma is a thin plate-like protrusion from a modified tubule cell, the leptophragma cell. Together the cell body and the cytoplasmic rim of the leptophragma cell make up a short funnel communicating with the tubule lumen; the short funnel is filled with thin microvilli without mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 116 (1971), S. 405-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Midgut ; Formica ; Histophysiology ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les cellules du mésentéron des ouvrières, des reines et des mâles de Formica polyctena F. possèdent un certain nombre de particularités cytologiques dont l'évolution a été suivie au cours du développement post-embryonnaire et du cycle annuel. A l'apex des cellules de régénération les microvillosités se différencient avant l'élimination des cellules caduques larvaires ou nymphales. A partir de la nymphose une activité sécrétoire apocrine se manifeste dans la partie dorsale de l'épithélium du mésentéron, l'ensemble des cellules assurant par ailleurs la fonction absorbante de l'organe. Il existe deux sortes d'inclusions cytoplasmiques, des polysaccharides et des concrétions minérales. Les polysaccharides sont surtout abondants chez les larves et les nymphes: le glycogène, polysaccharide de réserve, est utilisé au cours de l'histogénèse; des mucopolysaccharides acides, d'origine golgienne, représentent une sécrétion muqueuse. Les sphérocristaux sont constitués de strates concentriques de phosphates et chlorures de calcium et d'une matrice de mucopolysaccharides. La cristallisation des éléments minéraux s'effectue, à partir de la nymphose seulement, dans les citernes ergastoplasmiques. Cette accumulation d'ions pourrait être en relation avec le régime alimentaire de l'insecte ou représenter une voie d'excrétion.
    Notes: Summary The midgut cells of workers, queens and males of the ant Formica polyctena show cytological characteristics which were studied in the course of postembryonic development and annual cycle. The microvilli of the regenerating cells appear before the elimination of the regressing larval and pupal cells. At the time of pupation, an active phase of apocrine secretion begins in the dorsal part of the midgut epithelium, while the absorptive function is carried out by all cells of the organ. Two types of cytoplasmic inclusions coexist: polysaccharides and mineral concretions. The polysaccharides are particulary abundant in larvae and pupae. Glycogen is metabolized during histogenesis; acid mucopolysaccharides, elaborated in the Golgi apparatus, represent a mucous secretion. The spherites are composed of concentric strata of calcium phosphate and chloride and a matrix of mucopolysaccharides. These minerals form in the ergastoplasmic cisternae of pupal cells only. Their accumulation could be related to the insect's diet, or it could reflect a process of excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 322-353 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptors ; Collembola ; Dioptric apparatus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude ultrastructurale de l'appareil dioptrique des photorécepteurs des Collemboles adultes a permis de reconsidérer la structure des formations oculaires à ommatidies aggrégées. Quatre types de cornéules ont été reconnus, dont les plus remarquables sont ceux à ≪mamelons cornéens≫. Les cellules cristalliniennes au nombre de quatre assurent alternativement une double fonction au cours de chaque cycle de la mue. Sur les faces distales, les cellules élaborent le matériel cuticulaire de la cornéule; vers l'intérieur elles sécrètent le cristallin. Les cellules de Semper réalisent ainsi une fonction cornéagène et une fonction cristallogène. La répartition spatiale des organites intracellulaires en couches concentriques est une caractéristique des Collemboles. Chaque cellule cristallinienne envoie vers la membrane basale un processus tubulaire contenant des granules denses de nombreux microtubules et du glycogène en faible quantité. Les cônes cristallins présentent une grande diversité de forme de structure et de composition chimique. Suivant les groupes le cristallin peut être une formation intracellulaire ou extracellulaire, simple ou quadripartite. La présence de petits cristallins satellites associés à un cristallin unique reste inexpliquée mais caractérise une espèce troglobie Tomocerus problematicus. Deux cellules dites ≪cornéagènes≫ à cytoplasme toujours pauvre en organites intracytoplasmiques, avec ou sans pigment, complètent l'appareil dioptrique des ommas des Collemboles.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural features of the dioptric apparatus of photoreceptors of adult Collembola described by the author has enabled the author to compare the structure of ocular formations with aggregated ommatidia. Four different types of corneulae have been determined, the most remarkable of which are those showing ‘corneal nipples’. The four crystalline cells have alternately different functions during each molting cycle. On their distal surfaces, the cells elaborate cuticular material of the corneula; proximally, they secrete a crystalline cone. The Semper cells thus have both corneogenous and crystallogenous functions. The typically concentric spatial distribution of intracellular organelles in these cells is a characteristic feature for Collembola. Each crystalline cell sends towards the basal membrane a tubular process containing granules, numerous microtubules, and a small amount of glycogen. The shape, the structure, and the chemical composition of the crystalline cones are highly variable. In Collembola, the crystalline formation can either be intracellular or extracellular, and it can be simple or quadripartite. No explanation has yet been advanced for the existence of small crystalline satellites which appear to be associated with the single large crystalline cones; this association is characteristic for the troglobian species Tomocerus problematicus. The dioptric apparatus of Collembolan ommatidia is completed by the presence of two corneogenous cells, the cytoplasm of which contains few organelles and in some cases pigments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Notochord ; Caecilians ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The notochord of Ichthyophis glutinosus and I. kohtaoensis consists of peripheral flattened cells characterized by a well-developed system of rough endoplasmic reticulum, bundles of tonofilaments, and abundant glycogen particles. These cells contain furthermore fairly high activities of α-naphtyl-acetate esterase and 4-chloro-5-bromoindoxyl acetate esterase as well as acid phosphatase which was found in lysosomal localization. The huge intracellular vacuoles of the centrally situated cells possibly originate from electron translucent spaces within the glycogen fields of the peripheral cells. The notochord sheath consists of variously differentiated layers of collagen fibers and of an elastica externa. The diameters of the collagen fibers increase from the inner towards the outer region of the sheath. A peculiar feature of the Ichthyophis notochord sheath is a ring of mineralized collagen. The notochord of the caecilians investigated is compared with that of anurans, urodeles, and several groups of fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 117 (1971), S. 451-462 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood ; Annelidae ; Eisenia foetida L. (Sav.) ; Haemocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Hämolymphe von Eisenia foetida L. (Sav.) kommen zwei Blutzelltypen vor: Aus dem Chloragogen freigesetzte Eleocyten und aus dem Peritoneum stammende Amöbocyten. Die Eleocyten enthalten in frühen Stadien typische Chloragosomen, später hämoglobinhaltige Proteinvakuolen mit Ferritineinlagerungen. Diese Einschlüsse werden in die Hämolymphe abgegeben. In der Form der Eleocyten kann das Chloragogen als temporär „flüssiges“ Gewebe aufgefaßt werden. Die Amöbocyten treten entweder in der mit Pseudopodien versehenen Transportform oder in der „petaloiden“ Phagocytoseform auf. Sie enthalten Glykogendepots, Lysosomen und Bündel cytoplasmatischer Filamente, die aus elektronendichten, als Trichohyalineinlagerungen gedeuteten Granula hervorgehen.
    Notes: Summary In the haemolymph of Eisenia foetida L. (Sav.) two types of blood cells occur: The eleocytes which are released from the chloragogue tissue and the amoebocytes which are derived from the peritoneal endothelium. Chloragosomes are present in the early stage of the eleocytes, later they are replaced by protein vacuoles containing hemoglobin and ferritin. These products are released into the haemolymph. Therefore the chloragogue tissue may be considered as a temporary liquid tissue represented by the eleocytes. The amoebocytes have the form of either cells with pseudopodia having a transport function, or of petal-shaped phagocytes. Both types contain glycogen deposits, lysosomes and bundles of cytoplasmic filaments which grow out of electron-opaque granules. These granules appear to contain trichohyalin which is gradually transformed into filamentous scleroproteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Onychophora ; Peripatus ; Slime glands ; Proteic secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans les glandes de la glu, formations propres aux Onychophores, les tubes sécréteurs comprennent un épithélium glandulaire entouré d'une enveloppe conjonctive et musculaire. L'enveloppe conjonctive, délimitée par des membranes basales de mucopolysaccharides neutres et de mucoprotéines, contient deux sortes de fibrilles: des fibrilles collagènes et un type particulier de fibrilles élastiques. Les fibres musculaires, éparses, d'orientation circulaire, montrent une organisation beaucoup plus rudimentaire que dans les muscles somatiques. L'épithélium glandulaire est formé de cellules prismatiques toutes semblables, à gros noyau polyploïde en position basale, avec nucléole très volumineux. L'ensemble du cytoplasme de ces cellules est chargé de ribonucléines sous forme d'ergastoplasme granulifère à citernes concentriques et de nombreux ribosomes libres. Les structures lamellaires concentriques de l'ergastoplasme, qui se différencient du côté basal, près des noyaux, s'accroissent dans la région médiane des cellules et se désorganisent à l'apex, en libérant des grandes quantités de ribosomes. La sécrétion de ces cellules est formée essentiellement de protéines qui s'accumulent dans la région apicale sans passer par l'appareil de Golgi, lequel est d'ailleurs peu développé. Ces protéines ne sont donc pas concentrées en granules de sécrétion, mais déchargées dans la cavité glandulaire, directement à l'état diffus, par l'intermédiaire d'épanchements cytoplasmiques de la face apicale cellulaire dans lesquels passent également de nombreux ribosomes libres. Polyploïdie, grand volume nucléolaire, hyperdéveloppement de l'ergastoplasme granulifère, abondance des ribosomes libres, non-intervention de l'appareil de Golgi et absence de concentration de la sécrétion en granules sont mis en relation avec la synthèse rapide et continue des protéines qui forment le principal constituant de la glu.
    Notes: Summary In the peculiar slime glands of the Onychophora, the secretory tubes consist of a glandular epithelium surrounded by a layer of connective and muscular tissue. The connective layer, bounded by basal membranes of neutral mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins, contains two kinds of fibrils: collagenous fibrils and an especial type of elastic fibrils. The muscle fibers, which are scattered and circularly oriented, are more simply organized than those of the somatic muscles. The glandular epithelium is constituted by prismatic cells of the same type, with a large polyploid basally situated nucleus, containing a very large nucleolus. The cytoplasm of these cells is filled with ribonucleins in form of ergastoplasm and in numerous free ribosomes. Concentric lamellar structures of ergastoplasm, which originate basally close to the nucleus, are well developed in the central region of the cell and become disorganized at the apex, where they liberate great quantities of ribosomes. The secretion of these cells consists essentially of proteins, which accumulate in the apical region without passing through the poorly developed Golgi apparatus. These proteins, therefore, are not concentrated in secretory granules, rather they are released in a diffuse form, into the glandular cavity. They are discharged in cytoplasmic expansions detached from the apical region, together with a large quantity of free ribosomes. Polyploidy, large nucleolus, well developed granular ergastoplasm, abundance of free ribosomes, non-participation of the Golgi apparatus and lack of concentration in secretory granules are correlated with rapid and continuous synthesis of proteins which are the principal component of the slime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 118 (1971), S. 283-296 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood platelets ; Lysosomes ; Acid phosphatase ; Aggregation ; Cell fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aufgrund biophysikalischer, biochemischer und ultrastruktureller Eigenschaften lassen sich in intakten oder fraktionierten Blutplättchen von Mensch und Schwein verschiedene Funktionstypen von alpha-Granulomer unterscheiden. Ein elektronen dichter, oft Mikrotubuli aufweisender Typ ist durch Zentrifugation von einem helleren mit fibrillärer Streifung abzusetzen. Außerdem läßt sich eine Fraktion vesikulärer Strukturen darstellen. Bei biochemischer Analyse ist die Hauptmenge der lysosomalen Hydrolasen Cathepsin und beta-Glucuronidase mit dem weniger dichten Typ der alpha-Granula vergesellschaftet, während sich der Hauptteil der sauren Phosphatase in der Vesikelfraktion befindet. Zytotopochemisch erscheint dieses Enzym immer strukturgebunden, sowohl an beiden Typen von alpha-Granula, als auch in den Vesikeln. Das Vesikelsystem spielt bei der Stoffaufnahme in Plättchen eine Rolle und wird auch als gamma-Granulomer, surface connected system oder canaliculäres System bezeichnet. Bei der Degranulation der Plättchen wird — wie die Enzymlokalisation in diesem Falle zeigt — Granulainhalt über das vesikuläre System in das Außenmedium abgegeben. Saure Phosphatase kann auch in Phagozytosevakuolen nachgewiesen werden. Elektronenoptisch läßt sich der Übergang von alpha-Granula in vesikuläre Strukturen erkennen. Die Befunde zeigen, daß zwischen alpha-Granula und Vesikelsystem enge Beziehungen bestehen. Zusammen bilden sie eine funktionelle Einheit, die neben der Stoffaufnahme auch die Funktion der Abgabe von Substanzen aus den Plättchen erfüllt. Schließlich findet die Digestion aufgenommener Stoffe dort statt.
    Notes: Summary Biochemical and ultrastructural findings from intact and fractionated pig and human blood platelets indicate the presence of different types of alpha granules. An electron dense type can be distinguished from a lighter one with a fibrillar matrix. The major part of the lysosomal hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and cathepsin is associated with the lighter granules. Most of the acid phosphatase appears in the vesicle fraction. The ultracytochemical investigation shows the acid phosphatase bound to both types of granules or vesicles. This enzyme is visible in the narrow spaces between the outer membranes of aggregated thrombocytes. Furthermore, there can be seen the transformation of alpha granules into vesicles and vesicles, which contain acid phosphatase releasing their contents into the extracellular medium. Thus the significance of the vesicle system for the release of substances out of the platelet seems to be proved. From this point of view the different types could be considered as alpha granules in different functional stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Diplopoda ; Cerebral gland ; Ultrastructure ; Molting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die paarige Cerebraldrüse von Polyxenus lagurus ist eine endokrine Drüse. Sie liegt den Tritocerebralganglien seitlich dicht an und wird vom äußerlich nicht sichtbaren Nervus glandulae cerebralis innerviert. Sie besitzt keine Bindegewebshülle, sondern ragt frei in einen Hämolymphsinus. Die Cerebraldrüse setzt sich aus zwei Bereichen zusammen, einem basophilen und einem lateralen acidophilen. Diese unterscheiden sich auch bezüglich ihrer Feinstruktur. 2. Der basophile Bereich setzt sich aus Drüsenparenchymzellen zusammen, zwischen denen der Nervus glandulae cerebralis verläuft. Die Zellen sind durch zahlreiche Golgi-Komplexe gekennzeichnet. Von deren Zisternen werden kleine Sekretgrana abgeschnürt, die sich zu unregelmäßig geformten Sekretvakuolen mit elektronenoptisch wenig dichtem Inhalt vereinigen. 3. Der acidophile Bereich setzt sich aus Drüsenzellen und wenigen gliaartigen Zellen zusammen. Zwischen diesen verlaufen die Endverzweigungen des Nervus glandulae cerebralis und ein System von Lakunen, das mit dem umgebenden Hämolymphsinus kommuniziert. Die Zelloberflächen lassen oft Vesikulationen erkennen. Nicht selten findet man in lokalisierten Hämolymphräumen Mikrovilli der angrenzenden Drüsenzellen. Golgi-Komplexe sind sehr häufig, die an ihren Zisternen entstehenden Sekretvakuolen kugelig oder ellipsoid. Der maximale Durchmesser der Sekretvakuolen beträgt 1,7–1,8 μm. Ihr Inhalt ist granulär und elektronendicht. Bei Tieren, die nicht unmittelbar vor einer Häutung stehen, zeigt er rasterartige Aufhellungen und häufig parallele Lamellenstapel. Die Hüllmembranen der größeren Vakuolen sind stellenweise fragmentiert. 4. Wird experimentell die Häutung in Gang gesetzt, so sind bereits 24 h später Veränderungen in den Axonen des Nervus glandulae cerebralis festzustellen. Sie sind jetzt mit vermutlich neurosekretorischen Granula von 1200–1800 Å Durchmesser angefüllt. Auch in den acidophilen Drüsenzellen sind Veränderungen der Feinstruktur zu erkennen. Die Zisternen des endoplasmatischen Retikulum zeichnen sich durch blasige Erweiterungen aus. Zwischen den Sekretvakuolen sind keine Zisternen mehr zu finden. Dort hat sich die Menge der freien Ribosomen vergrößert. Die Golgi-Zisternen sind perlschnurartig angeschwollen und haben einen elektronendichten Inhalt, der dem der Sekretvakuolen gleicht. 5. Die Ergebnisse werden diskutiert und denen gegenübergestellt, die von anderen Autoren bei der Untersuchung vergleichbarer Organe verwandter Tiere erzielt worden waren.
    Notes: Summary 1. The paired cerebral gland of Polyxenus lagurus is an endocrine organ. It lies directly lateral to the tritocerebral ganglia and is innervated by the nervus glandulae oerebralis. The organ is not ensheathed by connective tissue and extends freely into the hemocoele. It consists of two structurally different regions, viz. a basophilic part adjacent to the brain and a lateral acidophilic region. 2. The basophilic portion traversed by the nervus glandulae cerebralis is composed of gland cells with large, round nuclei, few and small mitochondria and numerous Golgi complexes. Small secretory granules are pinched off from Golgi cisternae and unite to form huge irregular vacuoles whose content is heterogenous and of low electron density. 3. The acidophilic region contains gland cells without processes and few glialike cells. Between these the terminal branches of the nervus glandulae cerebralis are found, and a system of lacunae which communicate with the surrounding hemolymph. The cell surfaces are often vesiculated near the lacunae. Microvilli of gland cells are not rarely extending into hemolymph spaces. The nuclei are lobated. Mitochondria are more numerous and larger than in the other region of the gland. Golgi complexes are both large and abundant; the maximal diameter of the secretory vacuoles formed by their cisternae is 1.7–1.8 μm. The content of the secretory vacuoles is granular and electron dense. In animals not close to molting it shows a regular pattern of light spots and frequently parallel stacks of lamellae. The bounding membrane of the larger vacuoles may appear fragmented in places. Large vacuoles of low density are relatively rare. 4. Changes in the axons of the nervus glandulae cerebralis are noticeable as early as 24 hours after experimental induction of molting. They are then filled with large presumably neurosecretory granules of 1200–1800 Å diameter which had been absent before. Pine structural changes are also recognizable in the acidophilic gland cells. Just before molt the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum bear regular, blisterlike expansions. Cisternae are no longer recognizable between the secretory vacuoles. Free ribosomes increase in number in these spaces. Golgi cisternae are shortened but show beaded expansions. The flaky content of the inner cisternae resembles that of the secretory vacuoles. The content of all secretory vacuoles is of uniformly high electron density and without light spots or parallel striations. 5. The results are discussed and compared with those of other studies of comparable organs in related animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovarian follicle ; Ultrastructure ; Lacerta vivipara
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des contacts étroits s'établissent d'abord entre la granulosa et la membrane plasmique de l'ovocyte. L'aire pellucide les sépare ensuite. L'ovocyte émet de nombreuses microvillosités digitiformes et des processus intenses de micropinocytose se produisent au niveau des invaginations ovocytaires. Des granules provenant de la thèque externe, passent dans les espaces intercellulaires de la granulosa, se répandent dans l'aire pellucide et envahissent les invaginations de l'ovocyte. Des vésicules tapissées, différenciées à partir de la membrane plasmique de ces invaginations, captent des granules et s'isolent dans le cytoplasme; elles perdent leur revêtement externe et donnent naissance à des sphères vitellines corticales. Le rôle attribué jusqu'alors aux cellules piriformes n'est pas confirmé. Le grand développement de l'appareil de Golgi dans ces cellules peut indiquer une fonction sécrétoire qui serait à l'origine du matériel amorphe périovocytaire.
    Notes: Summary First the granulosa cells establish close contact with the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Then, the zona pellucida separates them. The oocyte acquires numerous microvillosities, and an intensely active micropinocytosis is observed in the ovocytic invaginations. Granules originating in the theca externa pass through the intercellular spaces of the granulosa and invade the zona pellucida and the invaginations of the oocyte. At the level of these invaginations, coated vesicles incorporate granules and form granular vesicles without coating. These granular vesicles are transformed into cortical vitelline spheres. The nutritive function, generally assigned to the pyriform cells, is not confirmed in this study. The great development of the Golgi apparatus in these cells suggests a secretory function. Perhaps the pyriform cells secrete the amorphous component of the periovocytic space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 295-308 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fine structure ; Neuroglia ; Nervous system ; Polychaetes ; Cell junctions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The principal supportive elements of the nereid central nervous system are non-neuronal cells that are referred to as supportive glia. Supportive glial cells form a conspicuous cortex in the nerve cord. The inner region of this cortex consists of closely packed processes and cell bodies of fibrous supportive glial cells that are arranged in concentric layers around the perimeter of the neuropile. The fibrous appearance of the glial cells results from dense bundles of cytoplasmic filaments. Many fibrous glial processes penetrate the neuropile and ramify among the neuronal elements. Larger, irregularly shaped cells are the chief supportive glial elements of the peripheral region of the cortex where they line the stromal sheath (neural lamella) and invest the neuronal perikarya with extensive concentric systems of lamellate processes. These glial cells usually possess a relatively undifferentiated cytoplasm with scattered glycogen granules, but occasionally have a well developed Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and densely packed particulate glycogen. The supportive glia exhibits numerous desmosomes as well as 5-layered (“tight”) and 7-layered (“gap”) junctions. Interspersed among the supportive glial cells are non-neuronal cells referred to as granulocytes. These cells have abundant large, granular inclusions, electron lucent vesicles, plasmalemmal infoldings and microtubules. The granulocytes may be derived from undifferentiated glial cells or may represent coelomocytes that have invaded the nervous tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 309-320 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Mite ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Synganglion wird von einer extrazellulären Scheide umkleidet und ist in Cortex und Neuropil gegliedert. Der Cortex enthält zwei Gliazellschichten (die jeweils durch einen bestimmten Zelltyp charakterisiert sind) und drei Typen von Neuronenzellkörpern. Neuronenzellkörper vom Typ I sind sehr elektronendicht und nur selten anzutreffen; Typ II ist am häufigsten vertreten; Typ III wird durch neurosekretorische Zellen repräsentiert, die zudem ein relativ größeres Plasmavolumen als Typ I und Typ II besitzen. Ausgedehnte Bereiche der Neuronenzellkörper sind nicht umhüllt. Außerdem wurde ein dritter Gliazelltyp im Neuropil gefunden. Die äußere corticale Gliaschicht, Perineurium genannt, liegt unter der extrazellulären Scheide und überdeckt die Neuronen teilweise. In Gebieten, in denen Neuronenzellkörper fehlen, überlagert das Perineurium eine zweite Gliazellschicht, das Subperineurium. Diese Schicht kann sich ins Innere des Ganglions erstrecken, falls sie auf eine Neuronenzellkörpergruppe stößt. Das Subperineurium trägt sowohl zur Umhüllung der Neuronenzellkörper, als auch der Nervenfasern bei. Es steht in direktem Zusammenhang mit Gliazellen aus dem Inneren des Neuropils. Das Neuropil umfaßt Nervenfasern und Gliazellen und umgibt den ösophagealen Kanal, welcher vom Perineurium und Subperineurium gebildet wird. Hüllenlose Nervenfasern treten in drei Arten miteinander in Verbindung, durch Endknöpfe, Längs- und Querkontakte.
    Notes: Summary The synganglion is bounded by an extracellular sheath and is divided into the cortex and the neuropile. The cortex contains two glial layers, each of which is composed of a distinctive type of glial cell, and three types of neurons. Type I is the least common and most electron dense, type II is most common, and type III represents neurosecretory cells with a larger volume of cytoplasm than in types I and II. Substantial areas of the neuron cell bodies are unsheathed. A third type of glial cell is found in the neuropile. The first glial layer of the cortex, the perineurium, lies beneath the extracellular sheath and overlies the neuron cell bodies contributing to their ensheathment. In areas lacking neuron cells bodies, the perineurium overlies a second glial layer, the subpermeurium, which is inflected inwards where a group of neuron cell bodies is encountered. The subperineurium contributes to the ensheathment of both the cell bodies of neurons and the nerve fibers. It is confluent with glial cells which arise within the neuropile. The neuropile contains nerve fibers and glial cells and is perforated by the esophageal canal, which is lined by the perineurium and subperineurium. Unsheathed nerve fibers contact each other in three ways: end-knob, longitudinal, and cross contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chordotonal organ ; Insects ; Head appendages ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les organes chordotonaux présents dans les différentes pièces céphaliques de la larve du Speophyes peuvent être classés en deux catégories. La première catégorie regroupe les récepteurs scolopidiaux de l'antenne, du labium et du palpe maxillaire. On peut les comparer au scolopidium de l'organe tympanique du Criquet décrit par Gray (1960). La deuxième catégorie comprend les récepteurs scolopidiaux de la mandibule et de la lacinia: ils sont du amphinématique. Le sensille scolopidial de la galea représente un type intermédiaire. Nous signalons l'importance des structures de soutien et de fixation, qui doivent permettre une bonne transmission de toutes les déformations et tensions subies par le tégument. Nous discutons du rôle joué par la ≪gap junction≫ qui unit les deux dendrites dans les scolopidium. de la deuxième catégorie. Enfin nous essayons d'établir des hypothèses sur le fonctionnement des scolopidium.
    Notes: Summary The chordotonal organs located in the various head appendages of the Speophyes larva, can be divided into two classes. The scolopidial receptors of the antenna, the labium and the palpus maxillae belong to the first class. They can be compared to the scolopidium of the locust tympanic organ described by Gray.—The second class contains the scolopidial receptors of the mandible and the lacinia: their type is amphinematic. The scolopidial sensilla of the galea represents an intermediate type. We demonstrate many supporting and fixation structures which probably allow a good transmission of all the deformations and strains affecting the tegument. The function of the gap junction which connects the two dendrites in the scolopidia of the second class is discussed. Finally we try to formulate hypothesis of the functioning of scolopidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 58-67 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Rat ; Fowl ; Granulosa cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The granulosa cells of the ovarian follicle of the rat and the domestic fowl have been studied with the light and electron microscope. The nuclei of the granulosa cells were irregular with indentations and large in proportion to the cytoplasm of the cell. The mitochondria had a dense, dark matrix with only few cristac. The Golgi apparatus was moderately developed, located towards the oocyte in a juxtanuclear position. The endoplasmic reticulum was rather sparse. Lipid droplets were only occasionally encountered. Microtubules were regularly observed. The functions of the granulosa cells are discussed. Compared with the steroid-producing cells of the theca interna of the same follicles, the granulosa cells primarily are the nursing cells for the growing oocyte and mainly have the characteristics of protein forming cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 188-194 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Granulosa cells ; Fowl ; Influence of clomiphene ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present paper describes for the first time the fine structure of ovarian granulosa cells as seen after administration of clomiphene to the domestic fowl for a 28 days period. The main cytoplasmic changes of the granulosa cells seemed to be an increase in the number of mitochondria, dense bodies and complex bodies. The Golgi apparatus became enlarged, and there was an increase in the endoplasmic reticulum, annular desmosomes and cytoplasmic processes. All the observations made are similar to those made after administration of steroids and gonadotropins. In conclusion, therefore, the present study has demonstrated that administration of clomiphene exerts a stimulating effect on the granulosa cells. The mechanism of this effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Symbiotes ; Hereditary ; Insects ; Types ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen au microscope électronique des symbiontes transmis par l'œuf chez les Homoptères, montre des types très divers: levures, bactéries plus ou moins régressées et des formes énigmatiques ressemblant parfois à des globules de sécrétion. Toutefois, les diverses catégories de symbiontes décrites auparavant en microscopie photonique ne sont pas toujours retrouvées. Il n'est pas possible de caractériser un genre par ses symbiontes.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscope study of symbiotes hereditarily transmitted through the eggs of in Homoptera, shows very different types: yeasts, more or less degenerated bacteria and enigmatical forms looking in some way like drops of secretion. Yet the numerous distinct species of symbiotes described in some cases by light microscopists are not always found again. It is not possible to distinguish a genus by its symbiotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 119 (1971), S. 552-576 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound Eye ; Apis mellifica ; Ultrastructure ; Polarized Light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Retina der Bienenarbeiterin wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Dabei hat sich folgendes gezeigt: 1. Die einzelnen Ommatidien sind in der Regel aus der Corneafacette, dem Kristallkegel, 8 Retinulazellen und den Haupt-, Neben- und basalen Pigmentzellen aufgebaut. Ommatidien mit mehr als 8 Retinulazellen sind selten. 2. Die Anordnung der vierteiligen Kristallkegel, deren Quadranten verschieden anfärbbar sind, ist innerhalb der Augenbögen konstant. 3. Die Ausrichtung der viergeteilten Rhabdome schwankt in den Augenbögen zwischen einer Verdrehung um einen Winkel von annähernd 0 bis 90°. Die Morphologie der Bienenretina wird diskutiert im Hinblick auf die Orientierung nach dem Polarisationsmuster des vom blauen Himmel reflektierten Lichtes.
    Notes: Summary The retina of the worker honeybee is studied by means of electron and light-microscopy. The results are as follows: 1. Generally the single ommatidium is composed of the cornea facette, crystalline cone, 8 retinula cells and the principal, secondary and basal pigment cells. Ommatidia with more than 8 retinula cells occur very rarely. 2. The arrangement of the fourfold crystalline cones with quadrants differently stainable, is found to be constant within the eye-rows. 3. The orientation of the four-divided rhabdoms shows a variable rotation of approximately zero to 90° within the eye-rows. The morphology of the retina of the worker honeybee is discussed with regard to the orientation according to the pattern of polarization of light reflected from the blue sky.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 120 (1971), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Macula densa ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Bird ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The macula densa (MD) site of the kidney, at which the distal tubule is attached to the vascular pole of the glomerulus, was examined with the light microscope in domestic fowl and Japanese quail; and in the fowl also with the electron microscope. The characteristics of mammalian MD cells, as reported in the literature, are compared with those of the cells in the avian MD site. The avian cells possess some of the characteristics of mammalian MD cells and they are distinguishable from the cells in adjacent portions of the distal tubule. The Golgi system in the avian cells is apical to the nucleus, unlike in mammals where its location is basal. The cells in the avian MD sites can be considered as structurally transitional between the typical MD cells in mammals and the ordinary cells of the distal tubule. These findings are discussed in relation to the function of the avian kidney and to its control by the renin mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 358-376 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leukocyte ; Peripheral ; Human ; Ultrastructure ; Osmium-Zinc-Impregnation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Leukozytenkonzentrate des peripheren Blutes von gesunden Versuchs-personen wurden in 2,5%iger Glutaraldehyd-Lösung (0,1 M Na-Cacodylat-Puffer, pH 7,3) vorfixiert und nach der Methode von Maillet (1959) mit OsO4 + ZnJ2 inkubiert. Dickschnitte wurden mit dem Mikroanalysator (Siemens) auf ihren Gehalt an Osmium, Zink und Jod analysiert und die Dünnschnitte mit dem Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Bei der Mikroanalyse ließen sich Osmium und Zink, nicht aber Jod nachweisen. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen ergaben folgende Resultate: Beträgt der pH-Wert der Inkubationslösung 5,6, so findet sich eine starke Os/Zn-Imprägnation des Golgi-Apparates, des Kernspaltes und des Endoplasmatischen Retikulums bei sämtlichen Arten der weißen Blutzellen. Die Matrix der Mitochondrien dieser Zellen ist im allgemeinen weniger stark imprägniert. Auch in den Lysosomen der Monozyten und Plasmazellen sind geringfügige Os/Zn-Präzipitate nachweisbar. Es findet keine Reaktion in den Leukozytengranula und in den Zentriolen statt. Dagegen zeigen die Lipidtropfen der eosinophilen Granulozyten eine sehr starke, homogene Os/Zn-Imprägnation. Diese ist bereits nach 40 min Inkubation voll ausgeprägt. Bei einer Schnittkontrastierung mit Uranylacetat werden die Os/Zn-Präzipitate wieder herausgelöst, wenn die Kontrastierung länger als 2 min dauert. Eine Bleikontrastierung hat keinen Einfluß auf die Os/Zn-Präzipitate. Bei Erhöhung des pH-Wertes der Inkubationslösung auf 6,2 kommt es zur starken Imprägnation des Externums der eosinophilen Granula, während Kernspalt, Golgi-Apparat und Mitochondrienmatrix keine Reaktion zeigen. Die Imprägnationsdichte der Lipidtropfen der eosinophilen Granulozyten ist pH-unabhängig.
    Notes: Summary “Buffy coats” of normal human peripheral blood were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (buffered with 0.1 M Na-cacodylate, pH 7.3) and incubated with a mixture of osmium tetroxide and zinc iodide (pH 5.2) after the method of Maillet (1959). Utilizing an electron probe microanalyser (Siemens), the authors demonstrated the presence of osmium and zinc in the specimen, whereas the presence of iodide could not be proved with certainty. The ratio of osmium and zinc in the precipitates ranges from 3/2 to 4/1. Electron microscopic studies of the leukocytes have lead to the following results: the Golgi apparatus, the perinuclear cleft and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of all types of leukocytes are strongly impregnated with osmium/zinc, whereas the matrices of the mitochondria are less impregnated. Osmium/zinc precipitates have also been detected in the lysosomes of monocytes and plasma cells. No reaction was evident in the leukocytic granules or centrioles. The presence of lipid droplets in eosinophils has been demonstrated. These droplets show a dense homogeneous osmium/zinc impregnation which reaches its maximum after 40 minutes of incubation, compared with much longer incubation times (5–6 hours) for other cellular components. Setting the pH of the osmium tetroxide-zinc iodide solution to 6.2 resulted in a dense impregnation of the “externum” of the eosinophilic granules. At this same pH, the perinuclear cleft, Golgi apparatus and mitochondrial matrix did not show a definite reaction. The extent of impregnation of the lipid droplets of the eosinophils showed no dependency on pH. Care must be taken when a stain containing uranyl acetate is used since this substance dissolves the Os/Zn precipitates. Exposure of the precipitates to the uranyl acetate for longer than 2 minutes results in gradual dissolution within complete dissolution in 10 minutes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 470-498 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teeth ; Dentinogenesis ; Amelogenesis ; Urodeles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sections of undemineralized tooth germs ofAmbystoma andTriturus were examined. The ultrastructure of early germs, both larval and adult, and of dentinogenesis, resembled that of mammals. In adult bicuspid teeth, once the dentine of the cusps was mineralized, mineral crystals of a similar size to early mammalian enamel crystals, appeared between the dentine and the inner dental epithelium (i.d.e). Concomitantly, the i.d.e showed features of mammalian secreting ameloblasts. This new layer, regarded as true enamel, lacked collagen, possessed an ordered arrangement of crystals and reached a maximum thickness of 6 μm. In larval monocuspid teeth, once dentine mineralization had reached the plasma membranes of the i.d.e at the tip of the cusp, the i.d.e developed a ruffled border. At this stage the dentine of the tip, regarded as enameloid, was very hard and difficult to section. The ruffled border, characteristic of other cells which transport materials, was regarded as indicating that the i.d.e was removing organic matter from the enameloid. The differences in development between larval and adult teeth support the concept that there is a change in cellular activity of the i.d.e which occurs during metamorphosis from the larval to the adult urodele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 111-121 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Salivary gland ; Octopods ; Epithelium ; Cell types ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The posterior salivary gland of Octopods comprises a parenchyma of branching tubules in a connective tissue stroma. The tubules are lined by either of two distinct epithelia.Type A is composed predominantly of columnar cells containing large granules whose contents vary in appearance from cell to cell.Type B consists of three cell types: A circumferential layer of processes ofstriated cells containing radially orientated infoldings of the cellular membrane, between which are packed numerous mitochondria;cistern cells which contain an invaginated system of membrane loops, the interior of which is in communication with the lumen; andlumen lining cells. All these cells send processes to the basement membrane of the tubule, so that both epithelia are pseudostratified. The functional significance of this cytological specialisation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 68-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Blood Cells ; Invertebrates ; Crustacea ; Astacus astacus (L.) ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Hämolymphe vonAstacus astacus (L.) enthält nur einen Zelltyp, den sog. Amöbocyten, der in drei altersabhängigen Funktionsformen auftritt: 1. als Gerinnungszelle, 2. als phagocytierender und 3. als granulärer Amöbocyt. Die jugendlichen Gerinnungszellen besitzen eine große Zahl charakteristischer Granula mit tubulären Binnenstrukturen, Körnchen, in denen ein „Hämagglutinin“ vermutet wird. Die Ultrastruktur dieses Zelltyps ist ferner durch auffallend zahlreiche, vor allem in den äußeren Zellzonen lokalisierte Mikrotubuli und durch Eigenarten der perinukleären Zisterne, in deren Erweiterungen Vesikel vorkommen können, gekennzeichnet. Die Gerinnungszellen sind außerordentlich labil. Ihre Cytolyse beschleunigt die Gerinnung der Hämolymphe, die primär durch ausgeschleustes Zellmaterial ausgelöst wird. Die phagocytierenden Amöbocyten sind durch vereinzelte heteromorphe, membranbegrenzte Einlagerungen charakterisiert, die in den granulären Amöbocyten zur beherrschenden Cytoplasmastruktur werden und mit der Hämocyaninsynthese in Zusammenhang stehen dürften.
    Notes: Summary The hemolymph ofAstacus astacus (L.) contains only one cell type, the so-called amoebocyte. It appears, however, in three functional forms which are dependent upon age: The clotting cell, the phagocyte and the granular amoebocyte. The young clotting cells are characterized by large numbers of granules containing a tubular internal structure. It is suggested that these granules are the storage site of a hemagglutinin. Small vesicles are situated in the perinuclear cisterna and the periphery of the clotting cells contains cytoplasmic microtubules. The clotting cells are very fragile and their cytolysis accelerates the clotting process of the hemolymph. In the phagocytes initial stages of the formation of membrane bounded inclusion bodies are to be found, which later in the granular amoebocytes, take up most of the cytoplasmic space. It is supposed that these inclusions are involved in the synthesis of hemocyanin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 172-189 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Temporal organ ; Sense organ ; Myriapoda ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Tömösvárysche Organ von Scutigerella immaculata wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Es liegt in einer Epidermisinvagination direkt hinter der Basis der Antenne. Die Grube des Organs ist mit Kutikula ausgekleidet und steht durch eine rundliche Öffnung mit der Außenwelt in Verbindung. Zwei Drittel des Grubenraumes sind angefüllt mit einem Gitterwerk kutikulärer Stäbe, die distale Fortsätze von Sinneszellen enthalten. Unterhalb der Grube liegen mehrere Sinneszellen. Jede Sinneszelle formt proximal und distal einen schmäleren Fortsatz. Jeder distale Fortsatz läuft in zwei Zilienstrukturen aus, die unter Verzweigung in das Gitterwerk eintreten und sich auch dort weiter verzweigen. Die Sinneszellen werden von drüsigen Hüllzellen umfaßt. An ihnen können trichogene und tormogene Zellen unterschieden werden. Das Sekret der Hüllzellen umgibt die distalen Fortsätze der Sinneszellen von den Zilienstrukturen an bis in das Gitterwerk hinein. Die Kutikula des Gitterwerkes ist sehr dünn und von winzigen Poren durchsetzt. Nach einem Vergleich mit Sinnesorganen von Insekten muß vermutet werden, daß es sich beim Tömösváryschen Organ um ein Geruchssinnesorgan handelt, das vielleicht auch als Hygrorezeptor fungiert.
    Notes: Summary The temporal organ of Scutigerella immaculata is situated in a pit just behind of the antenna. The pit represents an epidermal invagination. It is coated by cuticle and corresponds to the outside by a circular opening. More than half of the pit is filled up with a complicated network of branching and anastomosing cuticular protuberances. The cuticle of the protuberances is very thin and perforated by tiny pores. There are about ten sense cells situated under the pit, each of which forms a distal as well as a proximal process. Each distal process shows two ciliary structures. After branching they enter the cuticular protuberances and branch inside of it, as well. The sense cells are surrounded by glandular sheath cells, in which trichogen and tormogen cells can be distinguished. The secretion product of the sheath cells surrounds the distal parts of the sense cells inside of the cuticular protuberances. By comparison to sense organs of insects it must be presumed that the temporal organ represents an olfactory organ which may also function as hygroreceptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis ; Chondrichthyens ; Embryology ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'identification et la répartition des cellules endocrines dans l'ébauche adénohypophysaire de Scyllium canicula, et la chronologie de la différenciation cellulaire et de l'histogenèse de cette glande ont fait l'objet de ce travail. Plus nettement encore que chez l'adulte on démontre qu'il y a quatre populations de cellules hormonogènes, localisées chacune dans un lobe différent. Les grains de sécrétion des cellules du lobe rostral sont glycoprotidiques et ont un diamètre modal, de 170 nm, ceux du lobe médian, de la même taille, sont protidiques ou polypeptidiques. Les gros granules du lobe neuro-intermédiaire (diamètre modal 260 nm) sont glycoprotidiques, les petits granules du lobe ventral (diamètre modal 120 nm), protidiques au polypeptidiques. Au stade 10 mm, les cellules de la poche de Rathke sont différenciées de celles de l'épithélium stomodéal par la présence d'inclusions énigmatiques, les ≪godd bodies≫ de Schechter. Au stade 35 mm les cellules des noyaux préoptiques et du tuber comportent des grains de neurosécrétion, de même diamètre, variant autour de 100 nm. A ce même stade, des granules apparaissent simultanément dans les quatre lobes de l'hypophyse, notamment dans le lobe neuro-intermédiaire où aucune fibre neurosécrétrice n'est encore décelée. L'innervation directe des cellules endocrines de ce lobe ne s'effectue qu'au stade 45 mm et s'accompagne de modifications de la taille des granules. La fin du développement embryonnaire se caractérise par une charge de plus en plus importante des cellules endocrines, en granules.
    Notes: Summary The identification and distribution of endocrine cells in embryonic adenohypophysis of Seyllium canicula, and chronology of cellular differentiation and histogenesis of this gland have been investigated in this work. More clearly than in the adult, the presence of four populations of endocrine cells, each one located in a different lobe, is demonstrated. Secretion granules of rostral lobe cells are glycoprotidic, their modal diameter is 170 nm; median lobe ones, of same dimensions, are protidic or polypeptidic. The nemo-intermediate lobe big granules (modal diameter: 260 nm) are glycoprotidic, the ventral lobe small granules (modal diameter: 120 nm), protidic or polypeptidic. At stage 10 mm, Rathke's pouch cells are recognized from stomodeal epithelium by enigmatic inclusions, the “odd bodies” of Schechter. At stage 35 mm, preoptic and tuberal nucleus cells include neurosecretory granules of same diameter varying about 100 nm. At this same stage, granules appear simultaneously in the four hypophyseal lobes, including the neuro-intermediate lobe where no neurosecretory fiber is present. Direct innervation of endocrine cells of this lobe is accomplished at stage 45 mm and is accompanied by changes of granules dimensions. The end of embryonic development is characterized by increasing granular load of endocrine cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chemoreceptor ; Locusta ; Fine structure ; Development ; Moulting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The basic structure of the terminal sensilla of Locusta migratoria resembles that of Schistocerca gregaria. There are commonly six or ten neurons whose dendrites extend almost to the opening of the peg. Proximally the dendrites are clothed by a neurilemma cell which also encloses a basal cavity through which their ciliary region passes. The tormogen cell encloses the receptor-lymph cavity and actively secretes material into it. The receptor-lymph cavity and the basal cavity are quite separate. The development of new pegs at a moult is described. After apolysis the scolopale extends across the subcuticular space and protects the dendrites, which remain in a functional condition until shortly before ecdysis. As the trichogen cell grows out to form a new peg the tip is surrounded by a mass of electron-dense material, probably derived from the receptorlymph cavity. The function of this material is unknown. Regeneration of the dendrites is considered. The possible mechanism by which the tip of the peg opens and closes is considered and the general structure of the organule is discussed in relation to functioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 127-152 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insect renal tubules ; Ultrastructure ; Transcellular membrane-bound transport mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene elektronendichte Stoffe, die in die larvale Haemolymphe von Drosophila melanogaster injiziert wurden, werden von sämtlichen vier Abschnitten der Malpighischen Gefäße in das Gefäßlumen transportiert. Das Anfangsstück, das für die Bildung des Primärharnes verantwortlich ist, befördert 3-Hydroxykynurenin, Goldchlorid, kolloidales Silber und Haemoglobin durch Cytopempsis. Dabei penetrieren diese Stoffe die Basalmembran, gelangen in die erweiterten basalen Zellmembraneinfaltungen, werden hier konzentriert und mittels Vesikel weiter transportiert. Während der transzellulären Passage kann der Vesikelinhalt bis zum Auskristallisieren konzentriert werden. Eisenpolysaccharid tritt dagegen erst in das Grundcytoplasma ein, wird hier konzentriert und dann durch neugebildete Kanäle des endoplasmatischen Retikulums eingeschlossen und weiter transportiert. Die übrigen Anteile der Malpighischen Gefäße transportieren die injizierten Stoffe in ähnlicher Weise, jedoch können sich größere Membrankomplexe der basalen Einfaltungsräume, bzw. mehrere Kanäle des endoplasmatischen Retikulums mit den darin befindlichen konzentrierten Substanzen ablösen. Diese werden in den meisten Fällen von sekundären Membranen umhüllt und zum Gefäßlumen geleitet. Die Sekundärvesikel blähen sich dabei (durch Wasseraufnahme?) stark auf. Beim Transport von Haemoglobin und z.T. auch von Goldchlorid unterbleibt die Umhüllung durch eine sekundäre Membran. Der Inhalt der Vesikel wird während der Passage jeweils der Osmolalität der Flüssigkeit im Gefäßlumen weitgehend angepaßt. Im Lumen des Anfangsstückes liegt der Primärharn vorwiegend kristallin vor, im übrigen Gefäßlumen ist die Konzentration wesentlich geringer. Im Hauptstück können injizierte Stoffe bereits 1 min p. i. an das Lumen abgegeben werden.
    Notes: Summary In Drosophila melanogaster, different electron-dense substances injected into larval hemolymph are transported to the lumen of renal tubules by all four segments of the renal tubules. In the initial segment, responsible for primary urine formation, 3-hydroxykynurenine, gold chloride, colloidal silver, and hemoglobin are transported by “cytopempsis”: here all substances penetrate the basal membrane, are concentrated in large basal folds of the cell membrane, and are further transported by vesicles. During transcellular passage, the vesicle contents are concentrated enough to crystallize. Iron polysaccharide, however, is first taken up by the cytoplasm, where it is concentrated and transported to the tubule lumen by newly-formed endoplasmic reticulum. In the other segments, the above substances are similarly transported to the lumen of renal tubules, but in these cases larger complexes of accumulations are formed from basal infoldings of the cell membrane. These complexes are mostly surrounded by a secondary membrane and, probably due to water uptake, may enlarge enormously during passage to the tubule lumen. A secondary membrane is not formed in the case of hemoglobin or gold chloride. During transcellular passage, the osmolality of vesicle contents approaches that of the fluid within tubule lumen. In the lumen of the initial segment the primary urine is mainly crystalline; the concentration is lower in the lumen of other segments. Substances can be detected within the lumen of the main tubule segment as soon as 1 minute after injection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crustacea ; Chemoreceptor ; Ultrastructure ; Cavity receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cavity receptor organ (previously X-organ or organ of Bellonci) of Artemia salina consists of ciliated neurons whose cilia protrude into a cavity beneath the cuticle. The neuronal dendrites penetrate a giant accompanying cell and epidermal cells before entering the cavity. The cavity beneath the cuticle, the ciliated neurons and the connexion with the medulla terminalis justifies a homologization with the frontal filament organ of cirripeds and the third unit of copepods. The term cavity receptor is suggested for this organ. It is hardly homologous with the second unit of copepods and the organs described for many malacostracans under the names of sensory pore X-organ or organ of Bellonci. The latter organs are very similar to the cavity receptor but have an internal cavity formed by glial cells. The cavity receptor organ was previously considered neurosecretory but in the light of the present knowledge it is rather sensory although a double function cannot be denied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 341-357 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptors ; Synaptic vesicles ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den Endigungen der Photorezeptorzellen von Mensch, Affe (Macaca mulatta), Katze und Hund kommen aus Tubuli bestehende Komplexe vor. Organellenartig in geschlossenen Gruppen angeordnet, liegen sie in Nähe der synaptischen Lamellen und der invaginierten Dendriten. An diesen Stellen kann man nach Form, Durchmesser, Dichte und Konsistenz der von den Tubuli gebildeten Komplexe drei Typen unterscheiden: 1. einen initialen (Typus I), 2. einen Übergangstypus (Typus II) und 3. einen vesiculären Typus (Typus III). In letzterem kommen häufig verzweigte, bizarre Formen vor. Der Durchmesser sämtlicher Tubuli erreicht 500–600 Å. Ihre Dichte und ihre Wand gleicht denen der synaptischen Vesikel. Ähnliche Komplexe fanden wir auch in den Axonen der Photorezeptorzellen vom Affen.
    Notes: Summary A tubular network was found in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey (Macaca mulatta), the cat and the dog. These tubules are arranged in close groups in the vicinity of the synaptic lamellae and the invaginated dendrites. According to the form, diameter, density of the tubules and to the consistence of the network formed by them one can distinguish at these places an initial type (type I), a transitory (type II) and a vesicular one (type III). In the the type III branching, bizarre forms are frequent. The diameter of all the tubules reaches 500–600 Å, their density and walls being the same as in the synaptic vesicles. Similar networks also occur in the axons of the visual receptor cells of the monkey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 122 (1971), S. 160-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tentacles ; Polychaetes ; Sensory cells ; Sensory innervation ; Cilia ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following observation of conical groups of stiff, but motile cilia on the tentacles of the branchial crown of Sabella pavonina, these were examined with the electron microscope. The bundles consist of about 40 unenclosed “standard” cilia supported by one or two primary sense cells with centrally directed axons of 0.1–0.2 μ diameter. Axons in the distal portions of the branchial crown occur in small bundles surrounded by a basement membrane. More centrally, glial elements appear and the nerves are surrounded by a collagenous sheath. The branchial nerve trunk shows similarities in organisation to other previously investigated annelid central nervous tissue in that the whole nerve is surrounded by a fibrous sheath central to which there is a layer of glial cells with processes penetrating a central neuropile. The 0.1–0.2 μ axons commonly occur in glial-enveloped groups of 〈 40 whilst other axons of larger and mixed diameter are found together. Each tentacle has two branchial nerves on the oral side, and each nerve gives rise to two small 75-axon branches running to each pinnule. The branchial nerves fuse to form the branchial nerve trunk running to the supra-oesophageal ganglia. Sections of the branchial nerves of the branchial crown at progressively more central levels show that the branchial nerve trunk contains enough axons of 0.1–0.2 μ diameter to account for all the sensory cells on the tentacles. This is taken as evidence for the sensory cells having axons terminating within the central nervous system and that there is no peripheral confluence or fusion of these afferent axons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 433-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Mushroom-shaped gland ; Periplaneta ; Utriculi majores ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The utriculi majores, the largest tubules of the mushroom-shaped sex gland complex of P. americana are lined by a single layer of secretory cells with basal plasmalemmal infoldings and apical microvilli, and enveloped by a thin layer of slow-acting muscle. The latter is predominantly monomyofibrillar, with an ill-developed T-system, sarcoplasmic reticulum and striations. The secretory epithelium consists of typical protein-synthesizing and-exporting cells with an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and active Golgi elements. Secretory granules, budded off from layered cisternae of the Golgi complex, are more numerous in the vicinity of the luminal surface. The luminal contents are rich in proteins, neutral lipids and phospholipids; there are also some sulphated and nonsulphated acid mucopolysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultimobranchial glands ; Anuran larvae ; Metamorphosis ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of ultimobranchial (UB) gland cells from Rana temporaria larvae 48 h after hatching until the completion of metamorphosis is described. A single UB cell type is present, believed to be the characteristic C cell, in which secretory granules are first detectable in 8 day post-hatching larvae. These secretory granules show an intimate association with lipid droplets. Unusual membranous and crystalloid inclusions, which may represent yolk platelets, are found in UB glands of very small larvae. The significance of a range of UB organelles is discussed and some scanning electron micrographs presented. This report is believed to be the first published ultrastructural and scanning electron microscope study of larval anuran UB glands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 301-308 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fine structure ; Lime sacs ; Anura ; Calcium transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histochemical and electron microscopical study was conducted on the lime sacs of larval and adult Rana catesbiana. Both undecalcified and EDTA-decalcified material was analyzed. The follicles of the lime sacs contain numerous aragonite crystals and are lined by a cuboidal epithelium. The epithelial cells contain granules of a material identified histochemically as acid mucopolysaccharide. Crystals similar to those present in the lumen of the follicles were also found inside the epithelial cells. These cells possess nuclei with coarsely distributed chromatin, many mitochondria, free ribosomes, well developed Golgi complexes and a few profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Numerous variously electron dense granules seem to correspond to those characterized histochemically as mucopolysaccharides. Large, intracellular vacuoles appear to contain crystals. Release of the crystals into the lumen seems to occur by apocrine secretion. Resorption of calcium from the lumen probably takes place by diffusion through the apical plasma membrane as indicated by the presence of numerous microvilli. The intercellular spaces contain numerous, thin, interdigitating processes from neighbouring cells and appear to be sealed at both ends by junctional complexes. This observation is discussed in relation to the idea that the intercellular spaces might be related to the transit of calcium from the epithelial cells towards the sub-epithelial capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Blue fox ; Lutein cells ; Plasma progesterone ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic investigation of the lutein cells of the blue fox was undertaken, based on the hypothesis that differences in plasma progesterone levels at differing stages of pregnancy might be reflected in the ultrastructural organization. Comparisons were made between corpora lutea taken from animals mated 1, 2, 5, 14, 18, 20, 28, 33, 36, 39 and 45 days after the estimated time of ovulation. Measurements of progesterone on plasma samples were performed by a rapid competitive protein-binding assay. During the period with increasing and/or high plasma progesterone levels, (i.e. 1 to 14 days after ovulation) the lutein cells are characterized by evenly distributed cisternal agranular ER, mitochondria with both tubular and lamellar cristae, and electron-dense lipid droplets. The abundant agranular ER is closely associated with the lipid droplets and mitochondria. During the period with declining plasma progesterone levels, the lutein cells present a different morphological picture: the agranular ER assumes the form of bundles of parallel tubules disposed in several planes. During the latest stages observed, these “bundles” are disrupted and most of the agranular ER become arranged in smaller concentric whorls. Both kinds of whorls regularly enclose lipid droplets, dense bodies and mitochondria. The regions between the whorls contain scattered cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria and lysosome-like dense bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 463-479 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovarian follicle ; Vitellogenesis ; Cephalopods ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Feinstruktur des Ovarfollikels von Alloteuthis subulata Lam. während der euplasmatischen Wachstumsphase und der Vitellogenese wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die Oogenese kann in drei Stadien unterteilt werden. Oocyten des Stadiums I haben noch kein Follikelepithel. Während des Stadiums II faltet sich das Follikelepithel in die Oocyte ein, die ihre euplasmatische Wachstumsphase durchläuft. Die Follikelzellen zeigen typische Merkmale von Zellen mit starker Proteinsynthese. Im Stadium III wird das Chorion von den Follikelzellen gebildet. Im Gegensatz zu älteren lichtmikroskopischen Beobachtungen ergeben sich keine Hinweise, die für eine Beteiligung der Follikelzellen an der Bildung exogenen Proteindotters sprechen. Die eigenen Beobachtungen sprechen vielmehr für eine weitgehend autonome Synthese des PAS-positiven Dotters durch die Oocyte unter Beteiligung des stark ausgebildeten Golgi-Apparates. Die Befunde werden im Vergleich mit Beobachtungen zur Vitellogenese anderer Invertebraten und Vertebraten diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The structure of the ovarian follicle of Alloteuthis subulata Lam. during the euplasmic growth phase and vitellogenesis has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. Oogenesis can be divided into three stages. Oocytes of stage I are not yet surrounded by a follicle cell epithelium. During stage II, infolding of the follicular epithelium into the oocyte and the euplasmic growth phase of the oocyte take place. Follicle cells show all attributes typical for protein synthesizing cells. During stage III, formation of the chorion occurs due to follicle cell activity. In contrast to earlier light microscopical observations, there are no indications of an engagement of the follicle cells in the production of exogenous yolk protein, which could be taken up by the oocyte in pinocytotic vesicles. The observations rather favour the idea of a largely autonomous synthesis of the PAS-positive yolk in the oocyte. The Golgi apparatus seems to be engaged in yolk production. The findings are discussed in comparison with observations on vitellogenesis in other invertebrates and vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 69-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prostate (rabbit) ; Anterior lobe ; Apocrine secretion ; Ultrastructure ; Protein secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of glandular cells in the anterior lobe of the rabbit prostate was reinvestigated, especially after fixation by vascular perfusion with glutaraldehyde. The lumina of the gland contain abundant globules of an amorphous material surrounded by a membrane. A few dense bodies and scattered globules with internal vesicles also occur. These luminar contents obviously correspond to the particles observed in the semen of rabbits. Strong evidence was found for the formation of the globules by an apocrine secretory process. Material similar to the contents of the luminar globules accumulates in the cell apex together with vesicles, probably of Golgi origin, but without any other organelles. Protrusions from the cell surface contain similar material, but the vesicles generally disappear before the forming globule is finally pinched off from the cell surface. The characteristic feature of the secretory cell are the paucity of endoplasmic reticulum and the large amounts of ribosomes. This is interpreted as a specialization of the cell for the production of secretory protein that is not segregated within membranes until it is discharged from the cell by apocrine secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 79-92 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adenohypophysis ; PMS-primed rat ; FSH gonadotrope ; LH gonadotrope ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of distinct FSH and LH gonadotropes has been suggested by several investigators whereas others have supported a one-gonadotrope hypothesis. To obtain further clarification on this subject, ultrastructural studies of pituitaries and radioimmunoassays of serum FSH, LH and prolactin were carried out in the PMS treated immature rat. The surge of FSH began at 12 noon on day 32 with a maximum at 6 pm that continued into the next day, while the LH maximum was reached at 4 pm. The serum levels of prolactin also began to rise at 12 noon on day 32 but did not reach maximum until 8 am of day 33. FSH cells as defined earlier by Costoff (1973) were well granulated at 12 noon and at 4 pm on day 32. At this later time many FSH cells exhibited extensive Golgi complexes, hypertrophied vacuolar endoplasmic reticulum and often times greatly swollen mitochondria. At 7 PM of day 32 many FSH cells were in various stages of degranulation. LH cells were enlarged and well granulated prior to 12 noon of day 32 but thereafter appeared degranulated. On day 31, prolactin cells were enlarged and well granulated. Although these cells contained extensive endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, there were few mature granules during day 32 and in the early morning hours of day 33. At 1 PM of day 33 most of the FSH and LH, and some prolactin cells were again granulated. These studies correlating ultrastructure with FSH and LH levels in the serum of PMS treated rats further suggest the existence of two distinct gonadotropes in the rat, one producing FSH and another LH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 151 (1974), S. 259-268 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pigmentation ; Axolotls ; Fine structure ; Iridophores ; Xanthophores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of wild type axolotl xanthophores and iridophores was compared with that of cells at the same location in mutant axolotls lacking these chromatophores. The xanthophores of wild type axolotls contain ovoid pterinosomes that are empty or contain a few small vesicles of fibers. In skin from axanthic animals cells that may be xanthoblasts are present at the location in which xanthophores occur in wild type skin; pterinosome-like granules are absent. In wild type peritoneum, long, narrow organelles that appear to be developing reflecting platelets were seen within iridophores. Neither of the axolotl mutants that lack iridophores, axanthic and melanoid, contain these “prereflecting” platelets. In contrast with the absence of prepigment organelles in these two mutants, albino integument contains cells filled with granules identified as premelanosomes. The defects in chromatophore development of the axanthic and melanoid mutants seem to occur prior to formation of prepigment organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Paraventricular organ ; Xenopus laevis ; Monoamines ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultracytochemical identification of monoamines in the paraventricular organ (PVO) of Xenopus laevis tadpoles was achieved by applying glutaraldehyde-potassium dichromate fixation to the brains. It appears that the amines are concentrated inside elongated or round large granular vesicles within the neurons. The presence of dopamine and, to a lesser extent, of indolamines in neurons of the PVO is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 493-512 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Fluorescence ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The extent of degeneration and regeneration of catecholamine-containing nerve fibres in the external layer of the median eminence of the rat has been assessed following treatment with 6-OHDA. Ultrastructural and fluorescence histochemical evidence suggests that nerve terminal degeneration occurs in the external layer of the caudal regions of the median eminence, including the anatomical stem, following intravenous injection of 6-OHDA in a dose of 100 mg/kg. No degeneration in the external layer of the median eminence was observed when the drug was given as sequential intracisternal injections to adult rats or neonatal rats by subcutaneous injections. The fluorescence histochemical studies suggest that regeneration of catecholamine-containing neurons is substantially complete within three weeks of treatment with intravenous 6-OHDA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 327-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory receptor ; Sensillum ; Mosquito ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The grooved pegs also referred to in the literature as type A3 setae, thornshaped hairs, pegs, and sensilla basiconica of female Aedes aegypti (L.) are described. Externally the sensillum appears as a short, thick-walled, non-articulated peg with usually 12 grooves in the wall and bearing one terminal pore. Usually three, occasionally four or five, neurons with unbranched dendrites innervate each peg. The dendrites are encased in a prominent cuticular sheath from the ciliary region to the tip of the peg. Three sheath cells are associated with each sensillum. Although the grooved pegs have the structure commonly associated with contact chemoreceptors they function exclusively in the reception of air-borne stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 277-292 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Pineal Gland ; Mole ; Paracrystalline structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les pinéalocytes (au sens strict: Wolfe, 1965) de l'épiphyse de la Taupe (animal vivant pratiquement toujours dans une complète obscurité) examinés au microscope électronique, ont été comparés à ceux d'autres Mammifères. Dans le périkaryon des mitochondries, des ribosomes, du réticulum endoplasmique lisse et granulaire et quelques lysosomes et inclusions lipidiques sont présents. La présence à l'intérieur de certaines cavités du réticulum endoplasmique granulaire et parfois entre les deux feuillets de l'enveloppe nucléaire, de structures paracristallines (de nature protéique ?) est caractéristique des pinéalocytes de cet animal. L'appareil de Golgi sécréte des vésicules claires de 500 à 1500 Å de diamètre. Quelques très rares grains de sécrétion, dont l'origine golgienne n'a pas encore été démontré, ont été observé dans le périkaryon et à l'extrémité de certains prolongements. Un grand nombre de structures ciliaires (9+0 paires de tubules) ont également été observés dans les pinéalocytes.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the mole pinealocytes, a mammal which lives practically in complete darkness, has been examined and compared with that of other mammals. Mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and lipid incluclusions are present in the perikaryon. The presence of a paracrystalline structure of a possibly proteinaceous nature in some cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and between the two layers of the nuclear membrane, is characteristic of the mole pinealocyte. The Golgi complex produces clear vesicles of 500–1500 Å in diameter. Occasionally, some dense core secretory vesicles were observed in the perikaryon and in the ending of cell processes. Their presumed origin from the Golgi complex could not yet be demonstrated. A large number of ciliary derivatives (9+0 pattern) are also present in the mole pinealocyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 339-355 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sertoli cell, human ; Morphological classification ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary As revealed by light microscopical investigations the human Sertoli cell presents different appearances according to the pattern of infranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Although two or three stages of spermatogenesis are seen in a single cross section of a seminiferous tubule the Sertoli cells all show virtually the same features in such a cross sectioned tubule. The different appearances are also evident under the electron microscope. Although no obvious correlation was found with the stages of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium, the Sertoli cell appearances described here may be assumed to represent different metabolic situations. Other features of Sertoli cell ultrastructure are discussed such as the presence of residual bodies in the apical cytoplasm, glycogen-rich areas protruding towards the tubular lumen or the extracellular space, and membrane bound, round structures, found between the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and resembling the “microbodies” of steroid producing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen (human) ; Periarteriolar lymphocytic sheath ; Reticular cell ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interdigitating cells are demonstrated as a special type of fixed cell in the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths of the human spleen. These cells show typical ultrastructural features as well as a characteristic enzyme histochemical pattern that distinguish them from other reticular cells in the splenic white pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Striated muscle ; Iris ; Guinea pig ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transverse sections of the sphincter pupillae of the guinea-pig iris show, among about 3000 smooth muscle cells, one or two cells with several features of striated muscle fibres. The myofilaments of these special, “striated” muscle cells have irregular and variable arrangements, but they are readily distinguishable from those of smooth muscle cells. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is conspicuous and is characterized by an electron dense content. “Striated” muscle cells show no nexuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 231-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Goldfish ; Innervation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the pituitary gland of Carassius auratus was studied by light and electron microscopy under various physiological and experimental conditions to investigate whether or not neurosecretory fibres play a role in regulating pars distalis function. Two types of neurosecretory fibre (Type A and Type B) were distinguished. Prolactin, ACTH and TSH1 cells were innervated by Type B fibre terminals separated from the endocrine cells by a continuous basal lamina (“indirect contacts”). Gonadotropic, STH and TSH2 cells were innervated by Type A as well as Type B neurosecretory fibres, mostly without an intervening basal lamina (“direct contacts”). The assessment of the amount of neurosecretory granules and microvesicles in nerve terminals during the pre-spawning, spawning and postspawning seasons and following the administration of Oestradiol, Thyroxine, Thiourea and Metopiron respectively revealed convincing evidence for a participation in pars distalis control for Type A and Type B fibres innervating gonadotropic cells and STH cells and Type B fibres innervating TSH2 and ACTH cells. Immediately after spawning both nerve fibre types innervating gonadotropic cells and Type A fibres innervating STH cells showed a striking decrease in the amount of dense core vesicles. During the spawning season nerve fibres innervating somatotropic cells, TSH2 cells and ACTH cells also undergo changes suggesting that prior to spawning major changes in the endocrine system of the goldfish take place.—These results point to a dual control, by peptides and amines, of teleost pars distalis function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid gland ; Gymnophiona (Amphibia) ; Metamorphosis ; Ultrastructure ; Radioiodide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Different developmental stages of two species of the genus Ichthyophis have been investigated. In the late embryo the follicular cells of the thyroid gland exhibit various degrees of cytodifferentiation. Well differentiated cells show a polar organization and contain numerous granular inclusions, but a colloid-containing lumen is rare. Most cells at this stage contain large lipid inclusions. In young and older larvae the cells contain well-developed rough ER and Golgi systems, numerous mitochondria, and abundant granular and vesicular inclusions. Tentative identifications were made of primary lysosomes, secondary lysosomes, residual bodies, and two types of small apical vesicles—containing resorbed colloid or transporting material into the follicular lumen. In the larvae the number of apical microvilli is relatively high. The thyroid cells of the older larvae seem to contain more granular and vesicular inclusions than those of the younger larvae. In the adult the size of the follicles greatly increases, the height of the epithelium decreases, microvilli become rare, residual bodies are more frequent, and the small primary lysosomes are replaced by larger ones. Colloid droplets have been found only rarely in the cytoplasm of the thyroid cells of adult animals. In the immediate neighbourhood of the follicular epithelium, profiles of nerve fibres were found in all animals. Radioiodide investigations—measurements of conversion ratio and thyroid uptake factor—show, if compared with the results of corresponding studies in other amphibians, only relatively small differences between the larvae on the one hand and larvae and adults on the other. The absolute counts of the thyroid region are lowest in the adult and highest in the older larvae, shortly before metamorphosis. Furthermore our results indicate, on the basis of four animals tested, that in Ichthyophis the activity of the thyroid gland is temperature dependent. The results in Ichthyophis show that the classical stages of metamorphosis, in other amphibians characterized among other things by different levels of thyroid activity, are very indistinct in this animal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 337-351 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Primitive nervous systems ; Nerve plexus ; Flatworm ; Platyhelminthes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The peripheral nervous system of the polyclad flatworm Notoplana acticola is described from electron microscopic observations. There are two components, a subepithelial system and a submuscular plexus. The subepithelial system lies among muscle cells beneath the basement membrane of the epithelium. Axons and processes containing clear or dense-cored vesicles were found. The subepithelial system is in the form of a feltwork of fibers rather than a nerve-net. The submuscular plexus has both specialized and primitive aspects to its organization. In the former category are sheathed axons and complex synaptic configurations while the latter can be seen in the numerous naked axons, somata lying deep in the nerve tissue and islands of neuropil scattered along the nerve tracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 455-473 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lysosomes ; Liver ; Ageing ; Exocytosis ; Thorotrast ; Electron microscopy, Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lysosomes in mouse liver parenchymal cells have been marked by intravenous injection of Thorotrast. They were subsequently followed in a time sequence from five hours up to sixteen weeks after injection. At two days after injection the majority of the lysosomes was heavily loaded with marker particles, while endocytosis was no longer observed. From six days after injection Thorotrast was partly accumulated in very large lysosomes (conglomerates) with mean diameters up to 2.5 μm. As the time after injection advanced the Thorotrast content of the cells was reduced while most of the remaining marker substance became concentrated in the conglomerates. Many Thorotrast conglomerates were shown to contain acid phosphatase and some of them were able to fuse with functionally younger lysosomes which were marked with colloidal gold. Morphometric analysis showed an increase in the volume density of the dense body population between 0 and 2 days after injection, followed by a decrease between 2 and 11 days. The observed decrease is probably caused by exocytosis of the contents of Thorotrast containing lysosomes in bile capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian follicles ; Oocytes ; Transosomes ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopy has been utilized to determine fates of sacs of ribosomes (variously termed “transosomes”, “unique organelles”, or “lining bodies”) formed in the follicular cells of avian follicles and subsequently entering-or being taken in-by the oocytes. Small follicles (0.5 mm diameter) of laying hens, a hen afflicted with Marek's disease and prelaying pullets were examined in this regard. In the case of the hen with Marek's disease and the prelaying pullets, sacs of ribosomes were found to be present within the oocyte but those present in the interior of the cell were in the form of digestive vacuoles. In a fourth group of hens, receiving actinomycin D, larger oocytes (2.0 mm diameter) exhibited breakdown of the membranous vesicles in which the sacs of ribosomes entered the oocyte, as well as dissolution of membranes surrounding the forming yolk granules and the membranes of coated vesicles. Annulate lamellae were present in oocytes of the hen afflicted with Marek's disease and appeared within at least 24 hours in oocytes from hens receiving actinomycin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 271-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heavy bodies ; Oogenesis ; Maturation ; Sea urchin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of in vitro maturation of A. punctulata oocytes was undertaken to determine when heavy body formation was initiated. No heavy bodies were seen in germinal vesicle oocytes or in oocytes undergoing germinal vesicle breakdown or polar body formation. Heavy bodies were only observed in ova examined one to two hours after pronuclear formation. Several small heavy bodies were seen in sections of eggs fixed as early as three hours after the pronucleus had formed. The number of these structures in the egg cytoplasm increased with time. Therefore it is concluded that heavy body formation in sea urchin ova is a phenomenon following nuclear maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian salt gland ; Electrolyte transport ; Ultrastructure ; Ruthenium red ; Dialyzed iron ; Sialic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both ruthenium red and dialyzed iron techniques indicated that anionic protein-carbohydrates were associated with the plasmalemma of secretory cells in mallard salt glands. Digestion of the tissue with neuraminidase prior to dialyzed iron staining provided evidence that much of the anionic nature of this surface was due to sialic acid. These results were confirmed by biochemical assays showing that the salt-gland tissue contained a relatively high sialic-acid content and that the amount of sialic acid increased with salt-water adaptation. Possible roles of these anionic sites are discussed in relation to currently accepted hypotheses of electrolyte transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 443-454 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Haematopoiesis ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Amoebocytes ; Autoradiography ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to investigate haematopoiesis in the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis, the blood cells and the connective tissue of this snail were studied by light and electron microscopy as well as by autoradiography. In the circulating blood only one type of cell, the amoebocyte, is present. Amoebocytes also occur in the connective tissue (tissue amoebocytes) as single cells, in small groups or in large accumulations. Study of the morphology and ultrastructure of blood and tissue amoebocytes shows that no differences exist between these cells, indicating that L. stagnalis does not possess a well-defined haematopoietic organ. This assumption is supported by the following observations: 1. both blood and tissue amoebocytes can act as phagocytes, 2. blood and tissue amoebocytes both have the capacity to divide (i.e. incorporate tritiated thymidine) and 3. the percentage of dividing cells in the blood and in the connective tissue is the same. These quantitative data indicate furthermore that there is no difference in the relative importance of the blood and the connective tissue in the process of haematopoiesis. Comparison of tritiated thymidine labelled cells with unlabelled amoebocytes showed that these cells do not differ with respect to their morphology and ultrastructure. Moreover, amoebocytes involved in phagocytosis and encapsulation of foreign materials or in wound healing still have the capacity to divide. The percentages of tritiated thymidine labelled amoebocytes in different snails varied considerably. It is suggested that this variation reflects differences in the physiological state of the individual snails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 113-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rabbit pars intermedia ; Ultrastructure ; Nerve terminal ; PI-type glandular cell ; ACT-type cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By electron microscopy three types of nerve terminals have been identified in adult rabbit pars intermedia (PI). The characteristics of these are described and their development traced. The distribution of nerve terminals and neurons within the PI is documented. In particular the association between types of nerve terminal and the different glandular cells is shown to be precise and selective. Direct innervation of the ACT-type cells in the rabbit PI is described for the first time. The author is particularly grateful to Dr. J. W. B. Bradfield for help in the preparation of this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Laryngeal muscles ; Female tree frog, Hyla arborea arborea (L.) ; Fine structure ; Motor endplates ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The larynx musculature of female tree frogs is very poorly developed compared with that of males. This is probably due to the fact that they are less used; female tree frogs do not produce mating calls. The larynx muscles of the female are composed of fibers with small, medium, and large cross-sections. The distribution of the motor end plates varies correspondingly: in regions with fibers of very small diameter the density of synapses is about 33 times greater than in regions with large fibers. There is also a difference in fine structure between male and female laryngeal muscles. The muscles of females comprise red fibers, white fibers, and various transitional types. The arrangement of the triads and their number per sarcomere is the same in all fiber types. All fibers contain about the same amounts of glycogen, but the fat content varies widely among the different types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 229-238 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland (rat) ; Estrogen administration ; Somatotroph and mammotroph ; Ultrastructure ; Radioautography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the normal male rat pituitary tritiated thymidine labeled mainly STH cells (somatotrophs), no labeled prolactin cell was found. Following estradiol treatment for 21 days tritiated thymidine labeled mainly prolactin cells (mammotrophs). To determine the origin of these mammotrophs tritiated thymidine was given before the estradiol treatment started, thus labeling many somatotrophs. After 21 days of estradiol, out of 42 labeled cells, 14 were mammotrophs and 13 were somatotrophs; these results suggest that there might be a true transformation of somatotrophs into mammotrophs under the influence of estradiol or that there exist two types of somatotrophs: 1) a committed somatotroph which is not transformed by estrogen treatment, and 2) an uncommitted mammosomatotroph, which under normal conditions bears the features of a somatotroph, but which transforms into a mammotroph under the influence of estradiol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 253-258 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory organs ; Cephalopods ; Chemoreception ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the so-called olfactory organ of Octopus vulgaris has been investigated. Electron microscopy shows the superficial layer of the epithelium to consist mainly of cells bearing microvilli. Below this, often very deeply, lie very many large cells, which bear numerous cilia. These cells open to the surface via narrow processes running between the epithelial cells. Although details of their innervation have yet to be established the large cells are assumed to be receptors and these findings are interpreted as evidence that this organ is indeed chemosensory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 239-252 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Xenopus laevis ; Histochemistry ; Subcommissural organ (SCO)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural features of the subcommissural organ (SCO) cells in larvae (stages 56–58, according to Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1956), toadlets (3 months after metamorphosis) and older toads (2-year old) of Xenopus laevis are described. Several age-related morphological differences in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the SCO cells have been found. In old toads the rough ER assumes a special “ladder-like” membrane configuration in its cisternal lumen. By means of the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine (PA-CrA-SM) method, complex carbohydrates are detected electron microscopically in the SCO cells. Positive reactions take place in the cell adhesive apparatus, the secretory granules, part of the Golgi complex, and the intracisternal “ladder-like” structure. Passing through the Golgi complex, the secretory products mature into the secretory granules by association of their proteinaceous component with polysaccharides. The majority of the secretory granules are released from the apical cell surface by means of reverse pinocytosis, while the rest are released through the basal process into the blood circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 152 (1974), S. 385-401 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nephridium ; Hirudo medicinalis ; Central canal ; Urinary bladder ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchung des nephridialen Zentralkanals von Hirudo medicinalis L. können mehrere Kanalabschnitte unterschieden werden, die zum Teil frei im Bindegewebe liegen, wie der Anfangs-, der intermediäre und der Endkanal, oder aber durch mehr oder weniger enge Verzahnung mit Canaliculuszellen verbunden sind (innerer und weiter Kanal). Strukturen, die mit transzellulärem Ionentransport in Beziehung gebracht werden können — ikrovilli und basale Zellmembraneinfaltungen — finden sich in allen Kanalabschnitten. Während im Verlauf des Zentralkanals die Oberflächenvergrößerung durch Mikrovilli ziemlich konstant bleibt, findet sich in den Kanalabschnitten, die ausschließlich an Bindegewebe grenzen, eine besonders auffällige und signifikante Zunahme der basalen Oberflächenvergräßerung durch Zellmembraneinfaltungen. Es werden mögliche Besonderheiten im Reabsorptionsmechanismus diskutiert: Möglicherweise läuft zwischen dem Epithel des inneren und des weiten Kanals einerseits und den angrenzenden Canaliculuszellen andererseits ein Kreislaufprozeß für Ionen (recycling) ab.
    Notes: Summary The central canal and the urinary bladder of the leech Hirudo medicinalis (L.) were studied by electron microscopy. The central canal consists of several different parts: the initial, intermediate and terminal canal which border only on connective tissue, and the inner and the wide canal which on the other hand are closely connected to the canaliculus cells which produce the primary urine. Structures related to transcellular transport of solutes such as microvilli and basal plasma membrane infoldings in association with mitochondria have been found in all parts of the central canal. Evidence has been obtained that the surface enlargement by basal plasma membrane infoldings increases from the proximal to the distal parts of the central canal while the luminal surface enlargement remains nearly constant. The increasing basal surface enlargement is especially obvious in those parts of the central canal which border only on connective tissue. The mechanism of reabsorption is discussed with regard to physiological data so far available. A recycling process for solutes may take place between the epithelium of the inner and the wide canal on one hand and the bordering canaliculus cells on the other hand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 63-77 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Intestine ; Afferent fibres ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The innermost layer of the circular musculature of the ileum of the guinea-pig, mouse, rat, rabbit, cat and dog is made of special small and dark muscle cells (sd cells), which can be identified by light and electron microscopy. These cells have a higher surface to volume ratio than ordinary muscle cells. They show all the organelles of smooth muscle cells and are in close relationship with a great number of extrinsic and intrinsic nerve fibres. They send numerous thin cytoplasmic processes towards the bulk of the circular layer, but nexuses between the sd cells and ordinary muscle cells are not found. It is suggested that some of the nerve fibres in this part of the circular layer are motor, setting the sd cells to a given length, and some are afferent in luminal pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parathyroids ; Rana temporaria ; Crystals ; Ultrastructure ; Catalase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Crystalline inclusions in parathyroid gland cell nuclei of Rana temporaria were studied by electron microscopy using a specimen tilting stage. Images were analysed by optical diffraction. Results were compared with X-ray and electron microscopic data of trigonal bovine liver catalase to which a striking resemblance of the inclusions was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 153 (1974), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eyes ; Retinula ; Ephestia kuehniella ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Auge von Ephestia kommen Kontakte zwischen den Zellen benachbarter Retinulae vor. Diese Kontakte finden sich am häufigsten in der Kernregion der Retinulazellen und können 2 oder mehr Retinulae miteinander verbinden. Da keine besonderen Membranstrukturen in der Kontaktzone beobachtet wurden und da andererseits die Retinulazellen auf diesem Niveau und weiter distal Pigmentgranula enthalten, scheinen diese Kontakte weder die Zellen chemisch bzw. elektrisch zu koppeln noch Reizlicht zu übertragen. Vielmehr wird angenommen, daß die Verlagerungen des Cytoplasmas bei Hell-Dunkeladaptation in benachbarten Retinulae durch die gegenseitige Berührung koordiniert werden.
    Notes: Summary Connections were found between retinula cells of adjacent retinula cell columns in the eye of Ephestia. The connections occur most frequently at the level of the retinula cell nuclei and may involve two or more retinula columns simultaneously. The absence of specialized structural modifications of the membranes and the presence of pigment granules at the level of the connections or distal to them indicates that these connections are probably not involved in selective chemical or electrical communication nor in light transmission. It is suggested that the connections may serve tactily to coordinate cytoplasmic movement in adjacent retinula columns during light-dark adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 265-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cell autolysis ; Deletion ; Planaria ; Acid phosphatase ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Selective cell autolysis and deletion is described in the normal adult planarian. This appears to be a common feature and the sequence of events leading from cytoplasmic vesiculation and peripheral lysis to complete cellular breakdown is described. — In lysing cells acid phosphatase activity can be demonstrated in the cytoplasm as well as in lysosome like vacuoles and occasionally in the Golgi apparatus. The role of cell autolysis and deletion in tissue regulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 154 (1974), S. 379-398 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Photoreceptors ; Polychaete ; Submicrovillar cisternae ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prostomium of Eulalia viridis has both microvillar and ciliary photoreceptors. The compound eyes each consist of a central lens surrounded by a layer of sensory and pigment cells. They resemble those of nereids, except that the lens is composed of vesiculated droplets produced by a specialized lenticular cell located in the cell layer surrounding the lens. Photoreceptoral microvilli of the sensory cell outer segments are underlain by “submicrovillar cisternae” (or SMC). The axial filament is ensheathed by part of the SMC complex. The sensory cells of the posterior photoreceptors are similar in cytology to those of the compound eyes but are not organized into “eyes”. Each ciliary photoreceptor unit consists of an extracellular vacuole bounded by a supporting cell and the ciliated terminal of a sensory cell dendrite which projects into the vacuole. They are similar to the ciliary photoreceptors of nereids. The discussion seeks to establish SMC as an important component of microvillar photoreceptors in polychaetes. SMC resemble subrhabdomeric cisternae of arthropod eyes and also lamellate structures found in photoreceptors of other animals. SMC are probably involved with the metabolism of photopigment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Infracerebral complex ; Polychaeta, Nereidae ; Neurosecretion ; Fine structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The infracerebral complex consists of: (a) two types of ependymoid infracerebral cells located on the ventral surface of the brain, adjacent to a coelomic sinus and blood vessels; (b) a noncellular stroma, the neural lamella, which separates the infracerebral cells from cerebral nervous tissue; (c) two types of cerebral neurosecretory endings (one with many mitochondria) which abut on the neural lamella opposite from the infracerebral cells. The infracerebral a cells become columnar and develop abundant apical caveolae and Golgi elements in older worms. The infracerebral b cells, filled with electron opaque granules, resemble neurosecretory cells; their axon-like processes contain microtubules and make synaptoid contacts with the neural lamella. Both cell types are present in young worms of about 10 segments but the b cells, relatively abundant in younger worms, are outnumbered by a cells in mature individuals. However, during reproductive development neither a nor b cells display any structural changes which would indicate that they represent glandular tissue. Basal processes originating both from a and b cells form entanglements which become progressively more intricate during maturation. Neurosecretory endings are present in 10-segment worms and become very numerous in mature worms but at no time do they penetrate the neural lamella and contact the infracerebral cells. It is unlikely that the infracerebral cells per se constitute a gland but they are strategically located to influence the release of hormones from neurosecretory endings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 135-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Exocrine pancreas ; Frog ; Ultrastructure ; Intracellular transport ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The route by which secretory proteins are transported in the frog exocrine pancreas cell was investigated by an ultrastructural and electron microscope autoradiographic analysis of in vivo 3H-leucine labelled tissue. The ultrastructure of the cell is characteristic of serous epithelial cells and resembles that of mammalian exocrine pancreas cells very closely. Autoradiographic results revealed that the proteins, after being synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), are transported through the Golgi cisternae to condensing vacuoles which subsequently change into secretory granules. The determination of the timing of this transport was complicated by a very slow turnover of leucine in the frog. Nevertheless, by a semi-quantitative approach, some time characteristics could be estimated: about 11 min after the onset of their synthesis the proteins enter the Golgi system, and about 25 min later the condensing vacuoles. Secretory granules become labelled between 60 and 120 min. These results are discussed, also in relation to the transport route and kinetics in mammalian tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 321-336 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle fibres (Tadpole tail) ; Degeneration ; Macrophages ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report describes histochemical and ultrastructural studies of tail muscles in tadpoles of Rana japonica and Rana catesbeiana during metamorphosis, this process being accompanied by degeneration of the tail. Degeneration of individual tail muscles does not occur at the same time; this is true for both the red and white muscle fibres. The initial phase of degeneration showed mesenchymal macrophages first invading the muscle fibres and then sending out many long cytoplasmic processes which split the fibres apart. The disappearance of myofibrils during degeneration proceeds along at least two different mechanisms even within a single muscle fibre. In one type, the Z-band becomes diffuse and then disappears, resulting in fragmentation of the myofibrils at the sites previously occupied by the Z-bands. The second pattern of degeneration is characterized by disappearance of the Z-band followed by a fanning out of the myofilaments not associated with fragmentation of myofibrils. As atrophy of muscle fibres proceeds, acid phosphatase activity is localized in the perinuclear sarcoplasm. Macrophages show more intense acid phosphatase activity than do the muscle fibres. The formation of autophagic vacuoles is described and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 155 (1974), S. 541-554 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysectomized rats ; Reorganized stalk ; Ultrastructure ; Salt load
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The reorganized stalk of hypophysectomized rats, either “intact” or subjected to a 6-day salt load, has been studied by light and electron microscopy. PAF-positive neurosecretory material is seen mainly in the periphery of the reorganized stalk, usually in 2–5 μ nerve swellings of animals operated two months before. Nerve swellings make contact with a dense capillary network. Three types of nerve fibres and their swellings are distinguished according to the size of elementary granules. Peptidergic A1 and A2 types contain granules with a maximum diameter of 170 and 130 nm respectively; monoaminergic B type fibres have granules of 100 nm in diameter. A1 type axonal swellings are the most numerous and can be tentatively divided into four subtypes according to their ultrastructure and relationships with capillaries and pituicytes. Swellings of types b and c, making direct contact with capillaries or pituicyte perikarya, usually contain few granules and numerous synaptic vesicles arranged frequently in clusters in the “active” zones. It is assumed that they are especially active in the release of peptide neurohormones. It is also hypothesized that in the hypophysectomized rats peptide neurohormones are released not only directly into the pericapillary space but also into the intercellular cleft, especially at sites of neuron-pituicyte junctions. Nerve swellings of type a, separated from the pericapillary space by thin pituicyte processes, usually contain numerous neurosecretory granules. It is suggested that vascular “end-feet” of pituicytes may somehow reduce neurohormone release. The depletion of PAF-positive material as well as the decreased granule content even after a salt load of only 1 per cent shows that the reorganized stalk is functional as a neurohaemal organ, but has a diminished hormone reserve. This, together with a primitive cytomyeloangioarchitecture speaks for morphological and functional imperfection of the reorganized stalk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 112 (1971), S. 166-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Organ of Bellonci ; Crustacea ; Sphaeroma serratum ; Sensoriel organ ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Belloncische Organ von Sphaeroma serratum enthält Hauptzellen; ihr Zellkörper ist mit einem Außenglied ausgestattet, mit dem es durch ein Ciliargebilde verbunden ist. Das Außenglied setzt sich mit Bündeln sehr langer freier Mikrozotten in das Organlumen hinein fort. Der Zellkörper ist von flachen Saumzellen umgeben. Er enthält große, im Elektronenmikroskop dicht erscheinende Gebiete und zahlreiche Granula. Untersucht man diese mit cytochemischen Methoden der Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie, so findet man die Charakteristika des Glykogens. Diese Substanzen werden in das Organlumen hinein abgegeben. Die Hauptzellen besitzen die Ultrastruktur sensorischer und nicht neurosekretorischer Zellen. Ihre Funktion könnte photorezeptorischer oder chemorezeptorischer Art sein. Diese Ergebnisse werfen die Frage auf, inwieweit es sich bei den sog. ‚'Belloncischen Organen“, die für die verschiedenen Crustazeengruppen beschrieben sind, um homologe Organe handelt.
    Notes: Summary The organ of Bellonci in Sphaeroma serratum comprises principal cells which consists of a cell body and an outer segment connected by a ciliary piece. The outer segment is prolonged by bundles of very long microvilli which are free in the central lumen, whereas the cell body is bounded by flat bordering cells. In the cell body there are large electron-dense spheres and a lot of granules, the latter appearing to be glycogen according to results obtained with light and electron microscopical cytochemical methods. These substances are released in the central lumen. The principal cells have not the fine structure of neurosecretory but of sensory cells. They may be photosensitive or chemosensitive elements. These results set the problem of the homology of the organs named “of Bellonci” seen in various groups of Crustacea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...