ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • Artikel  (133.005)
  • 2010-2014  (100.504)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (32.501)
  • 1925-1929
  • 2012  (100.504)
  • 1974  (18.163)
  • 1971  (14.338)
  • Geologie und Paläontologie  (130.673)
  • Geschichte  (2.389)
Sammlung
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2010-2014  (100.504)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (32.501)
  • 1925-1929
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: For horizontal layering and plane horizontal impulsive wavefronts it is theoretically possible to get rid of multiple reflections by a feedback procedure which can easily be derived using raypath philosophy. To reduce the increase of noise inherent in the method the precise theoretical formulae are altered in such a manner that a practical application becomes possible. For this purpose the autocorrelation will be used.Application of the new process to a CRP section where the shot geophone distances in the field had not been long enough to attenuate multiple reflections effectively gave favourable results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Two in situ measurements of stress wave velocity in a granodiorite massif were made. Firstly, the velocities close to the source were investigated (for elimination of the influence of cracks), and secondly, the velocities in different horizontal directions over a large area were studied from the viewpoint of their dependence on the crack system of the medium. A correlation between the mutual orientation of the cracks and the maximum or minimum values of the stress wave velocities was obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The technique of linear digital filtering as developed for the direct interpretation of Schlumberger and Wenner soundings (Ghosh 1971) has been applied here for the derivation of the resistivity transform function from the field dipole measurements as the first step in directly interpreting dipole data. Filter coefficients for this transformation have been worked out for the radial-polar, perpendicular and parallel (30°) arrays of dipole sounding. The procedure combines speed with accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Dipole soundings are more sensitive to noise caused by lateral and superficial inhomogeneities than Schlumberger soundings. However, the former are preferable for deep explorations in view of the relatively short cables required. The simple solution of carrying out the field work by means of dipole spreads, and to transform the dipole resistivity diagrams into Schlumberger ones by means of proper formulae would be valid only for smooth and regular curves; but often, owing to the presence of lateral noises, the dipole data show a considerable scatter. For such cases a “continuous dipole sounding” method is proposed for which all successive dipoles are contiguous, so that all parts of the profiles are covered and interpolation is not necessary. Obviously the moving dipoles have lengths proportional to their distances, so that they appear equal in the usual bilogarithmic scale. It follows that only polar-dipole arrays may be used. The transition from a dipole to the corresponding Schlumberger apparent resistivity diagram requires an integration constant which is not unequivocally determined. Therefore, the solution is not unique, but all possible derived Schlumberger diagrams have a common part. Similarly, they have some common interpretative results, which may be referred to the original dipole diagram obtained in the field.A special measurement technique is required since the dipole-dipole voltages to be determined are noticeably smaller than the Schlumberger ones. This is true also because dipole soundings are used for great depths and for long distances between the two dipoles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Basic requirements for a seismic reflection system using a moderate-power controlled source are discussed. General considerations and computer modelling show promise for geophysical prospecting, especially at low penetration and very high noise level. For many applications, ranging from mineral and water prospecting, to civil and military engineering, and even archeology, a relatively cheap, small and portable device of this kind might be more convenient than conventional explosive sources or sophisticated controlled sources of the vibroseis type. The use of a simple, low frequency periodic signal facilitates rapid data processing procedures and suggests that the mechanical generator will be very simple and cheap.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is described to transform a dipole sounding curve, obtained with any one of the common dipole arrays over a horizontally layered earth, to the form of a Schlumberger sounding curve. Starting from the general expression which relates the dipole apparent resistivity to the Schlumberger apparent resistivity and its derivative with respect to the spacing, it is possible with some approximations to derive an easy numerical computation procedure in order to perform the transformation. The applicability of the method is discussed briefly.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Approximate deconvolution by means of Wiener filters has become standard practice in seismic data-processing. It is well-known that addition of a certain percentage of noise energy to the autocorrelation of the signal wavelet leads to a filter that does not increase, or even reduces, the noise level on the seismogram. This noise addition will, in general, cause a minimum phase signal to become mixed phase. A technique is presented for the calculation of the optimum-lag shaping filter for a contaminated signal wavelet. The advantages of this method over the more conventional approach are that it needs less arithmetic operations and that it automatically gives the filter with the optimum combination of shaping performance and noise reduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A set of parabolae is defined to approximate the observed gravity profile for specifying the lateral density variation in a two dimensional causative body. This variation separates the “biased” as well as “unbiased” residual anomaly structure. The method may be directly incorporated into existing numerical and graphical techniques of interpretation for subsequent delineation of structural configuration. The simple relations derived by inspection of the observed gravity profile permit universal application of the technique and in particular for the determination of the size and shape of sub-shelf structures. The suitability of the method in various problems of two dimensional interpretation has been indicated through an illustration of the Godavari Basin (India).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Decomposition of IP discharge curve into a sum of exponentials yields more information than present practice does. Such a work was performed, as a beginning, by hand, plotting the ordinates on semi logarithimic paper. It gave, according to the cases, two or three exponentials, each with an amplitude Ai and the time constant τi.Three examples of ground prospection are given, the third of which shows an anomaly, unnoticed with present technique but obvious on a profile curve with A1/A2 in ordinates.A computer processing technique is described which yields directly the time constants τi by seeking a differential equation which the IP voltage satisfies; the order of the equation is set arbitrarily. On a practical prospection record with only two exponentials, the assumption that the differential equation does not depend on charge duration (everything else being equal) has been checked (the shape of the curves would depend on boundary conditions). The assumption roughly holds for charge durations from 5 seconds to 40 seconds. We hope that a larger number of exponentials will yield better results.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SommaireLa décomposition de la courbe de décharge en une somme d'exponentielles permet d'en tirer plus d'information que la pratique actuelle. Un tel travail a été fait, pour commencer, à la main en portant les ordonnées sur papier logarithmique; il a fourni, suivant les cas, deux ou trois exponentielles avec, pour chacune d'elles, le coefficient Ai et la constante de temps τi.On donne trois exemples de prospection sur le terrain, dont le dernier comporte une anomalie, inaperçue avec la technique actuelle, mais bien mise en évidence en traçant la courbe de A1/A2 le long du profil.On donne ensuite une technique de calcul sur ordinateur des τi, en recherchant l'équation différentielle à laquelle obéit la tension ΔVPP enregistrée, l'ordre de cette équation étant fixé arbitrairement. On a cherchéà vérifier sur un enregistrement de terrain, avec. deux exponentielles seulement, l'hypothèse suivant laquelle l'équation différentielle ne dépend pas de la durée de charge (toutes choses égales d'ailleurs). L'hypothèse se trouve grossièrement vérifiée pour les durées de charge allant de 5 secondes à 40 secondes, et nous espérons qu'un plus grand nombre d'exponentielles donnera de meilleurs résultats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The conventional seismic technique is subject to a recording time following each transmission of energy, in which it is forbidden to release any new pulse. The recording time depends on the deepest reflection of interest, and is often 10 seconds or more in actual practice. To each transmission corresponds one record, i.e. a fixed amount of data which cannot be increased in a given time.Pulse coding allows us to go beyond this limit, by transmitting several times during the normal recording time. The procedure gives as many records as there are pulses, but they overlap, each event being repeated every time there is a pulse. It is possible to process the composite record back to its usual appearance with all events in their proper place if the time breaks are accurately known and make up a code such that the unavoidable noise generated by the process be kept, on the final section, below the ambient noise. The processing is quite similar to that of records made from vibrating sources, though faster in practice.The additional information can be devoted to a saving of time and money as the same profile may be recorded in a shorter time; or to an improvement of quality of the section due to a higher order of coverage, a multiplication of the ray paths and a closer sampling of the reflectors. It is also possible to record information in several planes at the same time, and to work out a 3-dimensional restitution, without loss of production.The process applies to all kinds of sources provided they can be triggered according to the code with sufficient accuracy. Depending on the source and conditions of implementation, the method benefits from other advantages such as better resolution, increased flexibility, and better coupling.Two different names have been given to the process, Sosie and Seiscode, which apply to slightly different parameters for the sequence of pulses. Sosie is more useful at sea, while the normal scope for Seiscode is onshore. Both names are trademarks for SNPA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Two-layer type curves of apparent frequency effect for the Wenner configuration are presented. The formulation is based on the normal definition of frequency effect in terms of resistivities measured at different frequencies plus the definition of apparent resistivity over two horizontal layers as a function of first and second layer resistivities. The use of these type curves in the interpretation of multilayer apparent frequency-effect curves is described and some field examples are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In this paper properties of the discrete zero-phase time function are derived and compared with related properties of the discrete minimum-phase time function.The two-sided minimum-length signal is introduced and it is derived that, for any given amplitude spectrum, the two-sided minimum-length signal and the signal with zero-phase spectrum are identical signals. A comparison is made between the one-sided minimum-length signal (minimum-phase signal) and the two-sided minimum-length signal (zero-phase signal).A computational scheme is discussed which determines the zero-phase correspondent of a given signal.A method is proposed to compute zero-phase least-square inverse filters. The efficiency of minimum-phase and zero-phase least-square inverse filters is shown on signals with different phase properties.A criterion is derived which determines whether a symmetric time function has the zero-phase property. The close relationship with the minimum-phase criterion is discussed.Finally the relationship between signal length and resolving power is illustrated on numerical examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Empirical equalities derived from time domain induced polarization scale modelling with the gradient array over simple geometries, and from the potential field functions for equivalent simple charge configurations are similar. The function for the dyke like body is analogous to the magnetic case allowing both total and vertical magnetic field interpretation techniques to be applied to gradient array chargeability anomalies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A simple calculation procedure that gives the equilibrium temperature in geothermal measurements reduces the reading time in field work from reported 60 minutes to about 10 minutes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Boundary-value problems in steady-state current flow were solved numerically in bispherical coordinates for a sphere of arbitrary conductivity in a half-space. Solutions for the potential on the surface of the half-space were examined for the cases where both current sources were on the surface, one source on the surface and the second between the surface and the sphere, and one source on the surface and the other in the sphere. Results show a great similarity with the layered case when the buried electrode is placed between the surface and the conducting region. Such a buried electrode configuration makes it possible to obtain an accurate measurement of the depth to the conductor in both cases. A model with the current electrode placed in a conductive sphere is compared with a three-layered model with the source in a conductive intermediate layer, and results indicate that the lateral extent of a finite anomalous zone can be estimated using these limiting curves. The validity of these theoretical calculations for buried spheres was confirmed experimentally by tests conducted on an analog model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A checking method of digital multiple elimination and of deconvolution processing using computers and based on optical autocorrelation is first presented. Comparison between autocorrelograms before and after a single or several processing steps allows to estimate, on one hand, the strength of the deconvolution obtained, known by the study of the central parts which is in fact the signal autocorrelation, on the other hand, the multiple elimination given by the study of side parts of the autocorrelogram.Further, an optical deconvolution procedure, is presented. For this, it is supposed that the signal is known and optically reproduced in the same way as the one of a trace. This is achieved by sphero-cylindrical optics allowing trace to trace processing. Deconvolution is carried out in the spectral domain by inserting a filter in the Fourier plane of the optical unit, the transmission law of which expresses the Fourier transform of the antisignal. This filter device introduces a holographic technique called Fourier holography, in such a way phases as well as amplitudes are preserved.Several results are presented from a synthetic section and also from field sections.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The separation of regional from local gravity anomalies by means of the application of two-dimensional linear filters is analyzed. It was found that optimization of the filter in the least squares sense leads to filters that produce strong localized concentrations of the error, which may erroneously be interpreted as anomalies. For this reason the maximum absolute value of the error is a more important criterion for the quality of the filter than the root mean square error. This maximum absolute error is minimized by the minimax filter. Intermediate filters are derived which give a transition zone which comes appreciably closer to that of the optimal filter at only a small price in terms of increase of the maximum absolute error.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Cable feathering is defined as the angle between a line connecting the cable end points and the line of the seismic profile. It is shown that an average reflection point map is more accurate than a shot point location map for geologic interpretation. Geologic resolution is degraded by feathering and this degradation is a function of the number of channels recorded. Feathering in areas of dipping reflectors produces non-standard normal move-out because the depth points are not common, and the perpendicular distances to the reflecting surfaces vary among traces in the c.d.p. gather. An example of a profile shot across a large river is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: First, we review briefly the principle of the method, the computation of theoretical curves for a layered earth, and the recording technique in use in our surveys.The case history deals with an area covered with overthrust nappes (marls of Miocene age), which had slid on a Triassic sole, obscuring the geological picture.The magnetotelluric survey followed those of gravity and aeromagnetics and preceded the seismic one from North to South, it displayed a shallow and gently dipping basin, a major fault system, and a deep basin with a thick resistive layer, often underlying a conducting one.The seismics, and later the drilling of a well East of the profile, confirmed these features; in particular, the thick resistive layer was revealed to be Jurassic; only its thickness had been slightly overestimated. This fact lead the people in charge of the operations to ask for a reinterpretation synthesis of magnetotellurics, seismics and gravity, the results of which are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The comparison of a group of continuous total field stations in Ireland with the record of the total field from Valentia Observatory enables the errors which would be involved in using the Observatory as a diurnal correction base to be examined. For the most part, for a single correction, these errors lie between ± 2 and ± 6 gammas. However, they have three notable characteristics: (i) they are not closely dependent on the magnetic ‘noisiness’ of the day, (ii) they are only marginally reduced by the application of station-base time differences and (iii), they are strongly related to differences between the amplitude of the daily magnetic variation at the station and at the base. A permanent geographical basis for the latter differences enables a system for the estimation of the errors to be proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The automatic picking of seismic sections becomes delicate with the presence of blind zones breaking up the continuity of horizons. This makes it difficult to establish correlations between reflections coming from above and below these blind zones.With the help of a certain number of characteristic parameters, a computer capable of storing a great quantity of data makes it possible to identify the horizons bounding a blind zone. Once this investigation has been made, the coherence between these horizons still has to be measured by making a factorial analysis of these different parameters. The statistical decision functions involved in this analysis are well adapted to computer logic. They enable the probability to be given with which the horizons located above and below blind zones correspond.A program has been worked out to provide the degree of coherence between such horizons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: An operative technique is described along with a method of representation of Induced Polarization values obtained over homogeneous rocks against the electrical power per unit volume.The results of similar experiments over two-layer ground, are shown according to the same operative technique and method of representation.With the method of representation suggested in this paper it is possible to distinguish discontinuities and to get information about the thickness of the upper medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Nomograms are presented for the purpose of rapid computation of the apparent resistivity functions from the field data for symmetrical and unsymmetrical linear electrode arrays.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Apparent resistivity measurements with the square array technique in the vicinity of a dipping interface have the advantage over collinear array methods that they are less dependent on orientation of the array.In order to exploit this, existing potential solutions for the dipping interface problem have been adapted for the computation of apparent resistivities over such a feature using a square array.Comprehensive interpretation techniques covering this problem are given and the limitations imposed by residual array orientation effects are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: L'onde amortie de type Rayleigh à l'interface de deux milieux solides à fort contraste de densités et de vitesses est étudiée théoriquement et expérimentalement sur un modèle à deux dimensions plexiglas-laiton.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In the interpretation of anomalies obtained with moving source-receiver dipole electromagnetic surveys, use is frequently made of the so-called phasor or vector diagrams. Most such diagrams are based on model experiments or theoretical calculations on bodies of simple geometry. If the anomaly at some given coil-separation and frequency is known it is possible to predict the anomaly at some other separation and frequency. While the results of such predictions often agree admirably in the laboratory experiments, wide, systematic discrepancies are observed in full-scale field work. Some of the discrepancies can be explained by various phenomenological arguments and in this respect the effect of overburden conductivity appears to be more serious than is generally supposed. The effect of phase rotation due to the overburden is discussed in detail.The paper is mainly a cautionary note based on some full-scale data of multi-frequency, multi-separation surveys against the blind use of vector diagrams, but it also discusses the extent of the extra information and interpretation aid provided by such surveys.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The considerable increase of sensitivity of new magnetometers allows the elaboration of magnetometric maps with contour intervals of fractions of one gamma. On these maps, small anomalies appear which had never been visible before. They are caused by susceptibility contrasts within the sediments.The areal distribution of these small undulations of the magnetic field depends on tectonics, therefore their analysis can give useful information about the tectonic pattern of the sediments. This paper discusses the automatic transformation of these small anomalies into tectonic units. The problem is solved by a method called Digital Template Analysis which has already yielded very useful results in gravity interpretation.The application of the method described is restricted to surveys executed by high sensitivity magnetometers. Therefore it is supposed that in most oil exploration problems these magnetometers will replace instruments with lower sensitivity. The improved magnetometer surveys in combination with the interpretation method described represent a most efficient, fast and unexpensive reconnaissance method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The interface phenomena for low periods, i.e. the initial oscillations, and the cut-off periods are two characteristic features in Magnetotelluric Sounding curves. A method is proposed to distinguish between transitional and homogeneous layered earth by means of these two features.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Reddy, I. K., D. Rankin, 1971, Magnetotelluric Effect of Dipping Anisotropies, Geophysical Prospecting 19, 84–97.A solution is obtained for the magnetotelluric effect in the case of multi-layered earth, each layer containing dipping anisotropy, with the strike of anisotropy oriented at an arbitrary angle to the measuring directions. A technique to compute tensor impedances and tensor apparent resistivities is presented and the importance of anisotropies in magnetotelluric interpretation is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Boundary-value problems in steady-state current flow were solved numerically for one and two layers over a half-space. Solutions were obtained for layers of various resistivities where one of the current sources was placed below the surface and the second kept at some finite distance from the drill hole. When a fixed surface dipole receiving pair was used, it was found that as the buried source approached a conductive region, quite good determinations of the depth to the conductor could be made, hence reducing the possibility of extended drilling in “dry” holes resulting from poor surface data and/or interpretation. Numerous models were generated to find the optimum positioning of the two current electrodes for different field situations of this type. It was also found that by placing a current source in the conductive region, better resolution of the lateral extent of a possible ore zone could be obtained, due both to the more rapid convergence of the apparent resistivity to the resistivity of the conductor, and the fact that a smaller separation in the receiving dipole could be used. Numerous analog models were constructed to verify the digital results. Surface and down-hole resistivity field data are compared to show the strength of this technique in delineating structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: For almost two years, satellite navigation has been used in reconnaissance exploration. However, only in the last six months has it been demonstrated that an “integrated” system provides navigational accuracy for all geophysical prospecting. This paper describes the accuracy of the integrated system and illustrates its merits.The primary objective of the integrated system is to provide continuous, accurate, geodetic position information. This is accomplished by integrating instantaneous position, velocity and heading from outputs of the Doppler sonar, gyrocompass, velocimeter, vertical references with periodic updates obtained from the Navy Navigation Satellite System. Each of the subsystems, their operations and functions will be discussed.Satellite navigation offers many advantages for marine surveys. Features for point-to-point automatic steering, onboard plotting of shotpoint data, firing of seismic energy source as a function of exact distance and real-time data logging onto digital tape have been implemented. With the onboard computer all navigation, gravity and magnetic information is recorded on tape and some preprocessing and filtering of gravity and magnetic data may be accomplished.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: As an extension of the eddy current pattern computed by Koefoed and Kegge (1968) for a thin vertical infinitely-conducting half-plate in presence of oscillating magnetic dipoles, this paper computes the contribution to the (electro-) magnetic anomaly at the receiver by each element of the vein separately. Twelve contour diagrams for such elemental contributions are presented as samples. Two points of general interest stand out: (1) The contributions from different portions of the vein are not all of one sign; the contribution from one part may cancel that from another; and (2) The portion of the vein nearest to the transmitter-receiver system does not necessarily make the largest contribution to the total measured signal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Koefoed has given practical procedures of obtaining the layer parameters directly from the apparent resistivity sounding measurements by using the raised kernel function H(λ) as the intermediate step. However, it is felt that the first step of his method—namely the derivation of the H curve from the apparent resistivity curve—is relatively lengthy.In this paper a method is proposed of determining the resistivity transform T(λ), a function directly related to H(λ), from the resistivity field curve. It is shown that the apparent resistivity and the resistivity transform functions are linearily related to each other such that the principle of linear electric filter theory could be applied to obtain the latter from the former. Separate sets of filter coefficients have been worked out for the Schlumberger and the Wenner form of field procedures. The practical process of deriving the T curve simply amounts to running a weighted average of the sampled apparent resistivity field data with the pre-determined coefficients. The whole process could be graphically performed within an quarter of an hour with an accuracy of about 2%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Fontanel, A., G. Grau, 1971, Corrélation optique en lumière cohérente, Geophysical Prospecting 19, 98–117.This paper describes a general bidimensional two-step method of correlation (or convolution) making use of the theory of holography.In the first step the light diffracted by one of the two plane transparent objects to be correlated interferes with the light diffracted by the other one. The hologram thus generated is photographed in the focal image plane of a convergent lens. Owing to the quadratic detection property of the photographic emulsion, the square of the modulus of the product of the spectra of the two objects considered is recorded on the photographic plate.In the second step the convolution product of the two objects appears when the hologram is illuminated with a beam of coherent light.In its geophysical application this optical method of convolution makes it easy for us to obtain the autocorrelogram of a seismic cross-section. This method also makes it possible to correlate each of the seismic traces by special precalculated optically-recorded filters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Qureshi and Mula have suggested a computer method for the calculation of the shape of a two dimensional body from the gravity anomaly profile associated with it. The application of the method, however, was restricted to those bodies which have their top or base horizontal and end sides vertical. In this paper study has been made to investigate the possibility of eliminating the above mentioned restrictions and has arrived at the affirmative conclusion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Consideration is given to the form of apparent resistivity sections obtained by varying electrode array position and spacing over two dimensional features.Since basic solutions exist for horizontally layered media and for vertical or dipping single interfaces, simple rules are proposed whereby these solutions can be directly combined to give solutions for more complex sections. Substantial approximations may be involved as the rules do not fully allow for interactions between the constituents.The range of error incurred in application of the rules is explored, with particular reference to the square array system of resistivity measurement. The two extremes- of orientation of the square array with respect to the line of section are separately considered in this survey.Within appropriate limits, the rules appear extendable to a wide variety of simple structures for which rigorous solutions would be formidable. The rules are finally discussed in relation to practical applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In modern oil exploration layers of prospective interest with rather simple structural features are often overlain by very complicated bodies as e.g. saltdomes or other kinds of diapirs, olistostromes, or front zones of overthrusted blankets. In all these cases normal reflection seismic investigations, where downgoing and upgoing rays are rather close to each other, mostly fail, either because no reflections from underneath the complicated bodies are obtained, or because a reliable migrated depth presentation becomes practically impossible due to the inhomogeneity of the overlying bodies.The undershooting technique avoids these difficulties by using ray paths which do not traverse the complicated bodies e.g. by shooting on one side of a saltdome and recording on the other side. On account of the large shot-geophone distances in this method special considerations and computer processes were developed concerning moveout corrections for common depth point stacking and migrated depth presentation.In many cases the location of the disturbing complicated bodies is known in advance. The shooting and recording program can then be adjusted to this knowledge and thereby kept to a minimum. If the location of the complicated bodies is unknown a more extended seismic program has to be carried out encompassing a great variety of shot-geophone distances. But in this case the approximate location of the complicated bodies can be deduced from the survey too.Results are presented in order to give an idea of the efficiency of the new seismic tool.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: It has been customary in geothermal studies to assume the surface to be an isothermal plane, though difficulties existed to explain the magnitude of thermal anomalies observed in the field under this assumption. Detailed investigations of temperatures at depths between 5 cm and 230 cm show that—after removal of the strong diurnal variations—sizeable anomalies persist right to the surface. Thus, the effective heat transfer (coefficient) at the surface might be lower than commonly assumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The application of automatic methods to the processing of potential field survey results has led to the need for the development of special procedures for the interpolation and extrapolation of such data. A method is proposed which utilizes the mathematical properties of potential field data to achieve a minimum distortion solution to the interpolation/extrapolation problem. The proposed method is suitable for use with any data point distribution. Digital computer programs have been prepared using the method; results obtained through the use of the programs are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: La sismique réflexion a été mise en œuvre dans des galeries de mines avec un appareillage nouveau: dispositifs appropriés, géophones spéciaux, chaîne d'enregistrement haute fréquence (30–2000 hertz).Des réflexions à des fréquences de l'ordre de 600 à 1200 hertz ont été obtenues dans les cas favorables sur des couches de charbon de l'ordre du mètre situées jusqu'à une soixantaine de mètres sous la galerie.Une bonne compacité des terrains situés autour de la galerie est une condition nécessaire à l'obtention de réflexions. Les accidents affectant les couches peuvent alors être visibles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: At the EAEG meeting in Venice (May 1969) Linsser presented a new method for the interpretation of seismic measurements (“Transformation of Seismic Data into Geological Models by Digital Template Analysis”). First results were presented during the S.E.G. convention in Calgary (September 1969). Meanwhile some experience concerning the possibility of the application of this method is available.Starting from the fact that the computer is able to store several physical parameters (amplitude, wave-length, direction of the seismic event, coincidence with a template and the beginning and the end of each reflection), the importance of these data for the investigation of special geophysical questions will be discussed.This method has been tested with several examples on the following problems:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1Proving and exact localisation of faults.2Investigation of velocities of interesting layers.3Additional information for the geological interpretation of seismic sections.4Picking of weak reflections in the “Pre-Zechsteinian” in Northern Germany.Finally the possibilities of further applications and developments are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The deposits of the central sector of the Labrador Trough are magnetite-rich iron ores subjected to enrichment by the process of leaching. In spite of the fact that some ore types are porous and low in density, most of the ore zones have undergone a net increase in density brought about by enrichment. In the course of their formation, the magnetic characteristics of the rocks have changed and a great deal of the magnetite was altered to relatively non-magnetic iron oxides and hydrous iron oxides. Consequently, induced as well as remanent magnetization decreased, but the ratio of the latter with respect to the former increased substantially. All drift-covered areas underlain with iron-formation are potential ore producing areas. From measurements of the first two physical properties and determination of the thickness of overburden by means of a combined gravity-magnetic-seismic or resistivity survey, it is possible to detect and distinguish the iron formations and potential ore zones from the country rocks.In spite of the fact that the iron formations are a complex assemblage of rock types, each having different physical and chemical properties, a qualitative and semi-quantitative correlation between the results of the surveys and the geology as well as the structure of the area could be established. Consequently, in order to increase the chances of success, first a mathematical correlation of the amplitude of the gravity anomalies with the specific gravity, the iron content, the silica content, the porosity factors and the dimensions of the underlying orebodies, and secondly, a quantitative correlation of the ground magnetic intensity relative to the reference lithologie unit with the percentage of Fe3 O4 recovery and the volume magnetic susceptibility were done for many deposits.A few discoveries were made with this method. Finally, a fully quantitative interpretation of the geophysical data using a multimodeling analysis led to the discovery of additional direct-shipping iron ore deposits in the Schefferville mining district of Canada.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A gravity anomaly profile, considered to be associated with a two-dimensional mass distribution of constant density contrast, may be interpreted with the help of a digital computer. Using the infinite slab formula and anomaly values at selected points of the profile, an initial model of the anomalous mass is built. The gravity effect of the model is computed with a simplified version of the formula derived by Talwani, Worzel and Landisman (1959) for line-integration. After the effect is computed at a point, the model is adjusted depending upon the residual anomaly. The effect of the adjusted model is computed at the following point. Within one cycle of computation the model is adjusted as many times as the number of the selected points. Five such cycles are sufficient to minimize residuals in most cases. A final cycle is computed without adjustment.Local anomaly profiles have been interpreted to obtain the shape of a sedimentary basin and of a faulted block. A regional anomaly profile has been interpreted to obtain crustal structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Optimum filters can be computed using orthogonal coordinates obtained from the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the autocorrelation matrix. The method is used to obtain unit distance prediction error filters. The output of a unit distance prediction error filter when applied to the input wavelet is an impulse at zero time. The effect on the output of added white noise is easily obtained using the approach through the orthogonal coordinates. The added white noise results in output wavelets which are no longer impulses at zero time. The decrease in time resolution gives a filter that does not increase undesirable high frequency noise as much as filters computed without white noise.Orthogonal coordinates with little signal energy can be omitted from the filter computation resulting in output wavelets resembling those computed using added white noise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The increasing use of velocity analysis programs in seismic processing in addition to direct application to normal move out corrections often makes it possible to study the variation of the average velocity versus time and distance. Usually, it is even feasible to compute interval velocities with a good accuracy.We intend to use these velocities to convert the usual time domain displays to the depth domain.An exact conversion requires the knowledge of all interval velocities and all the velocity interfaces.However, when the dips are small, the conversion can be done without considering the dip of all these interfaces, and in some cases migration can even be completely neglected.Three different programs will be described and their use discussed in view of the type of problems to which they are applied.Practical examples of the various methods will be presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In magnetic routine interpretation the comparison of two-dimensional model curves with measured magnetic anomalies is widely used for an approximate evaluation of the position and depth of magnetic models.Before starting an interpretation of a survey by means of two-dimensional models, it is very useful to have an idea of the shape of anomalies caused by extended but finite bodies, taking into account various strike directions: Three sets of anomalies of thin plates (horizontal length 19, downward length 9, width 1) dipping 30°, 60°, and 90° resp. for various strike directions and an inclination of 20° were computed. Some of these anomalies, e.g. those with nearly N-S strike direction look rather complicated, and at the first glance one would not expect that they are caused by such simple bodies.Several profiles crossing the computed anomalies perpendicularly were interpreted two-dimensionally. For less extended anomalies the depths determined for the top of the plates are 10-20% too small, the magnetization amounts to 50–75 % of the value of the finite bodies. The interpretation of the profiles covering more extended anomalies gave very accurately the same values for the position, depth and magnetization for the two-dimensional body as for the original three-dimensional model.Anomalies of vertical prisms with varying extensions in the y-direction were computed. Their differences in amplitude and in the distance maximum-minimum show that interpretation of short anomalies by two-dimensional methods yields depth errors of up to 20 percent.To see the possibilities of the separation of superimposed anomalies dike anomalies were added to the anomaly of a broad body in great depth and several attempts were made to interpret parts of the composite anomalies. The interpreted bodies lie too deep. In complicated cases the depth values can have large errors, but experienced interpreters should be able to keep the errors in the range of one third of the depth values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: This paper describes the procedure for interpreting the apparent resistivity data measured with the two-electrode array directly with the help of kernel function. The calculation of kernel function from the observed resistivity curve is done by the method of decomposition. In the method of decomposition the resistivity curve is approximated by a sum of certain functions, whose choice is only restricted by the requirement that the contribution to the kernel function corresponding to them should be easily computable. A few such functions are classified. These, and the standard curves for corresponding kernel functions obtained by utilising an integral expression for two-electrode array expressing the kernel explicitly in terms of the apparent resistivity functions, are plotted on log-log scale. The determination of layer parameters, that is, the layer resistivities and thicknesses from the kernel function can be carried out by a method proposed by Pekeris (1940).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A six-channel wide-band digital system for magnetotelluric measurements is described The system is designed to operate in the frequency band 10-.0001 Hz. The recording is made on a 7 track tape in an IBM compatible 12 bit format. The amplitude and phase responses of the system and sample records are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Several types of multichannel filters have been introduced in the past with the purpose of rejecting, in a seismic section, coherent noise having a slope different from that of the signal.These filters, generally, tend to introduce a certain amount of mixing and therefore the output trace shows increased horizontal coherence. This is due to the model on which these filters are based, since the hypothesis is posed that the reflectors are continuous. This may be dangerous since it could lead to mistaken interpretations, for example when small faults or breaks are made to disappear in the output section.Other problems that could arise in the application of multichannel filters after-stack are space-aliasing and high-pass filtering. The former occurs when coherent noise is rejected with apparent Velocity V and frequency fa=V/X, where X is the distance between traces. In this case, the signal also is distorted since it is rejected in the same frequency range. The high pass filtering effect occurs when the multichannel filter is designed to remove low coherent noise with high apparent velocity.In the paper a family of multichannel filters is presented based on a model of the seismic section such that minimum mixing effects appear. The filters are designed to give good results even in the case of low frequency and high velocity coherent noise.Some practical examples are shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Carborne gamma radiation surveys over petroleum reservoirs and faults in the glaciated Michigan Basin suggest that this mobile technique may be useful in reconnaissance subsurface exploration, especially in fault detection. This conclusion assumes favorable surface conditions, as well as proper instrumentation, field procedures, and interpretive techniques. Glaciated regions are relatively undesirable terrains for gamma radiation surveys. Thick deposits of glacial drift appear to repress the detection of subsurface features. Furthermore, extremely heterogeneous soil conditions, which are characteristic of many glaciated regions, result in excessive radiation interference. The operational conditions which produced optimum results consisted of continuous profiling on unconsolidated roads, employing two simultaneously operated scintillation counters. Optimum detection was obtained during relatively cool nighttime traverses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Cancelling of multiple reflections by CDP stacking is generally incomplete. When the order of coverage is low, an improvement may be obtained by the use of special filters (e.g. Schneider et al: Geophysics 1965; D'Hoeraene: Geophysics 1966). But when the order of coverage is high, the efficiency of these filters is less obvious. On the other hand, the higher the order of coverage, the higher the efficiency in the solution presented.Schematically, our method includes three steps:Firstly: Searching for the multiple reflections.For this purpose Move Out corrections corresponding to the multiples are applied to each individual record, then CDP stacking is carried out.Secondly: Cleaning up of the individual records.“Decorrections” are firstly applied, then multiples are subtracted. For this, subtraction is weighed versus the energy of the multiples, that is to say versus the correlation between the original record and the pure multiple reflections.Thirdly: Normal processing with the cleaned records which have been obtained.The different steps of this method are illustrated with the help of theoretical examples. Its efficiency improvement in regard to normal CDP stacking is then demonstrated by means of true examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: One of the problems in signal processing is estimating the impulse response function of an unknown system. The well-known Wiener filter theory has been a powerful method in attacking this problem. In comparison, the use of stochastic approximation method as an adaptive signal processor is relatively new. This adaptive scheme can often be described by a recursive equation in which the estimated impulse response parameters are adjusted according to the gradient of a predetermined error function.This paper illustrates by means of simple examples the application of stochastic approximation method as a single-channel adaptive processor. Under some conditions the expected value of its weight sequence converges to the corresponding Wiener optimum filter when the least-mean-square error criterion is used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In well velocity surveys made to calibrate Sonic (CV) Logs the calibration survey uses frequencies around 50 Hz whereas the Sonic Logging tool uses frequencies around 20 kHz. There thus exists the possibility of making a direct measure of velocity dispersion. In any one survey the disturbing factors, both instrumental and operational, will often mask any dispersive effect that might exist. Consequently this paper reports on a statistical analysis of the velocity differences resulting from calibration surveys and Sonic logs. Only Borehole Compensated Sonic Logs were used. Four areas were investigated: the North Sea, Abu Dhabi, Libya and Alaska. After rejecting logs and calibration records which were obviously in error there remained 424000 feet (about 130 km) of usable log distributed throughout 66 wells. The four areas were analysed separately and in no case was the estimated dispersion significantly different from zero. However, the mean values did correlate with lithology from (− 0.17 ± 0.18)% for the essentially carbonate section in Abu Dhabi to (+ 0.45 ± 0.25)% for the sand-shale section in Alaska, a positive sign meaning that the higher frequencies travelled faster. Except for Alaska the calibration surveys were made with a wall-clamp geophone, and for these areas amplitude measurements were made. After suitable corrections estimates of the absorption parameter Q were obtained. These varied from 20 to 200 with mean values of 63 for Libya, 70 for Abu Dhabi and 88 for the North Sea (excluding the Tertiary). If, as is usually assumed, the absorption mechanism is linear and is described by a Q which is independent of frequency, then these values would necessarily imply dispersion of several percent. As instanced above no such dispersion was observed. It is possible that the expected dispersion was compensated for by invasion of the mud filtrate into the borehole walls, but it is more likely that the absorption mechanism was substantially non-linear.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: In recent times, velocity surveys at marine well locations have been performed using non-explosive energy sources such as air-guns and gas guns. In addition, surveys in land wells have been successfully carried out using a modified version of the air-gun. This paper illustrates some of the characteristics of these devices and compares the data obtained from typical surveys with conventional dynamite surveys.Since data obtained from well velocity surveys using non-explosive sources are now commonly recorded on tape, they lend themself to further digital processing and interpretation techniques that were not previously so conveniently available. Some examples of these processes, e.g. the examination of attenuation, frequency and energy content of the recorded well geophone signals, are given in the paper. Examples of some other digital processes, using calibrated Acoustic logs, whether recorded digitally in the field or subsequently converted from analogue recordings, are also given in the paper. These include the construction of an Acoustic log in the vertical axis from logs obtained in deviated wells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Sub-bottom profilers achieve high resolution but limited penetration beneath the seabed. Marine seismic surveys with long streamers and conventional sources suffer from an incomplete CDP stack and an unnecessarily low signal frequency in the early part of the section. Consequently there is a depth interval over which the optimum resolution of the seismic reflection method is not achieved. This paper describes the design, conduct, and results of an experimental survey made to obtain high resolution sections (predominant frequency about 200 Hz) with reflection times up to one second in the northern North Sea. The prime motivation for the experiment was to assess the possibility of mapping a shallow gas sand which had been encountered by the drillers.The design concept of the survey was to keep all the benefits of conventional marine seismic data gathering and processing, but to reduce their dimensions and time scales by a factor of five to ten. The survey in 1972 recorded a total of twenty-four lines using twenty-four fold cover with 5 m spacing between the reflector points, and a separation of 50 m between adjacent lines. Multi-electrode sparkers were used with a shallow purpose-built twenty-four channel 240 m hydrophone streamer. The recording sample interval was 1 ms. The final sections, obtained after conventional data processing, were of good quality. The results of velocity analysis helped to distinguish primary and multiple energy. Reflections with large negative reflection coefficients were seen in some parts of the survey area, and these are thought to indicate thin gas sands.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: This paper deals with a case study on the application of auto-correlation and spectral analysis methods to mineral assay data taken along seven drives and two winzes concerning the McTaggart's (West) lode of Kolar gold fields. The general model conceived in this study is: measured (estimated) ore grade at jth location =true value + error at jth location. Employing an auto-correlation function of the form C e- a |k| for signals, the respective contributions of signals and noise to the total logarithmic variances for the data along drives and winzes are analysed. Smoothed spectral density estimates and their 90% confidence limits are computed for the series of data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Methods and typical case histories of EM and IP surveys are compared in order to check their compatibility for the investigation of large areas for base metal sulphides. It is demonstrated that the fast, low cost EM may miss sulphide concentrations which cause no reduction of apparent resistivity, or which act like horizontal slabs, where EM anomalies occur marginally. In such cases only IP can recognize the whole extent of the mineralization. The misleading role of graphite exists for both methods.The conclusion is that EM remains the only economical method to survey whole ore districts, but that the shortcomings should always be taken into account in the interpretation. They can be overcome by employing geological, geochemical or other geophysical indicators in selecting promising targets for follow-up IP. Even if less than 20% of the area is covered by the expensive IP, there is a fair chance that all sulphide bearing rocks will be found. Therefore, the question is not whether to apply EM or IP methods, but how to combine them best.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The paper deals with the prerequisites of application, specific peculiarities and methods of electrometric and thermometric investigations aimed at the solution of certain engineering-geological problems in offshore areas. Practical examples are supplied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The voltage induced in a horizontal loop on a layered ground has been calculated for the case where the loop is excited by a step current and measurements are made during the off-cycle.The expressions derived for a uniform ground show that for large time t the induced voltage E(t) is approximately given by E(t)≃— (Ibαμ/20t) (σμ2/t)3/2 where σ is the conductivity of the ground, μ the permeability, b the loop radius, and I the amplitude of the current step. For small times the corresponding result is E(t)≃—Ibμ/2t.When the ground is composed of a number of layers a numerical procedure for calculating the induced voltage is described.The calculated responses of various multilayered structures show that at short times the induced voltage is asymptotic to that produced in the case of a uniform ground of conductivity equal to the top layer.Interference effects in the top layer can lead to anomalous decay curves which may result in the underestimation of the conductivity of a buried layer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Marine geophysical work requires accurate navigation on a continuous basis. A repeatability of 150 m CEP (circular error probable) with sequential positioning of 15 m CEP is usually acceptable. Quoted figures for many presently available navigation systems yield nearly the required accuracy. In actual operations, however, such accuracies may not be achieved, and usually the performance actually realized cannot be determined for want of independent measurements for comparison. If more redundancy in navigation measurements were available on an integrated basis, the limitations of individual systems would no longer be so critical and the accuracy of measurements could be assessed in real time. Failures in navigation continue to occur. Such failures usually result from ignorance of the capabilities of the navigation system and limitations and consequent choice of a system which is not appropriate to the demands of a particular survey. The points to be covered in work standards are listed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The acceptance of articles in Geophysical Prospecting is strictly based on the originality and relevance of the contents. In order to be published a paper has to satisfy additional requirements on its external form and on its style and language: it should be written preferably in English though articles in French and German are permitted. A paper should consist of (i) a title page, (ii) an abstract, (iii) the text, (iv) list of references, (v) captions to illustrations, if any, (vi) tables, if any, and (vii) illustrations, if any. These seven parts should be mailed together but be physically separable and should be prepared according to rules which are either based on printing necessities or on the editorial style of the Journal.Failure to comply with these rules may result in delay in further processing of the article. Since Geophysical Prospecting is edited with a minimal budget correspondence with authors is kept to a minimum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Depths of investigation for normal (bipolar) and focusing (unipolar) linear electrode arrays have been computed following the method given earlier (Roy and Apparao 1971) both in homogeneous and layered earth. The focusing arrangement is found to be superior to normal arrangement both in regard to depth of investigation and zone of uniform depth of investigation. This analysis holds good in layered media too. Further, the depth of investigation increases with the increase in the length (2M) of the electrode and reaches a limit, 0.29L for normal and 0.50L for focusing, when the electrode attains an optimum length to satisfy the infinite condition. This optimum length of the electrode is six times the distance L of the observation point from the electrode for normal and about ten times for focusing. A contour diagram for contributions of individual ground elements to the total signal measured at the centre of focused system is also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The authors generalize a method expounded in a previous paper (1971, Geoph. Prosp. 18, 786-799) to the case of a local conductivity σ(M) of the infinite medium satisfying the relation 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR246:GPR_246_mu1"/〉 where the Ri's are the distances from the point M to n fixed points Si (i= 1,. n), k is a positive real constant and Ci, Cii are constants ensuring the condition α 〉 O.The sub-surface conductivity distributions (half-spaces) complying with (1) provide a wide variety of conducting structures, which can fit quite successfully the rather complicated distributions of conductivity occurring in natural ore bodies.An exact algebraic calculation of the apparent resistivity for these grounds, valid for any dc electrical prospecting devices (Wenner, Schlumberger, dipole, etc.) leads to a set of simultaneous linear equations, with a matrix which is invariant with respect to the position of the quadrupole being used. This greatly simplifies the numerical computation.We also present some examples of cross sections for the real and apparent resistivity obtained by this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Section migration after stack has been widely accepted by the industry. From a theoretical point of view, section migration before stack should provide superior results, the improvement warranting the drastically increased cost is not realized in most cases.There are a number of reasons that explain the discrepancy between actual and theoretically expected quality: Long period statics, refraction of rays, two-dimensional treatment of an actually three-dimensional problem.The section migration package subject to this paper allows(i) to take refraction into account,(ii) to discriminate against noise with a variety of statistical and geometrical criteria,(iii) to adapt processing time to problem complexity by a special process called SEMI-STACK.A number of examples will demonstrate the effects of section migration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A seismic trace after application of suitable amplitude recovery may be treated as a stationary time-series. Such a trace, or a portion of it, is modelled by the expression 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="mu1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:00168025:GPR627:GPR_627_mu1"/〉 where j represents trace number on the record, t is time, αj is a time delay, α (t) is the seismic wavelet, s(t) is the reflection impulse response of the ground and nj is uncorrelated noise. With the common assumption that s(t) is white, random, and stationary, estimates of the energy spectrum (or auto-correlation function) of the pulse α(t) are obtained by statistical analysis of the multitrace record. The time-domain pulse itself is then reconstituted under the assumption of minimum-phase. Three techniques for obtaining the phase spectrum have been evaluated: (A) use of the Hilbert transform, (B) Use of the z-transform, (C) a fast method based on inverting the least-squares inverse of the wavelets, i.e. inverting the normal time-domain deconvolution operator. Problems associated with these three methods are most acute when the z-transform of α(t) has zeroes on or near the unit circle. Such zeroes result from oversampling or from highly resonant wavelets. The behaviour of the three methods when the energy spectra are perturbed by measurement errors is studied. It is concluded that method (A) is the best of the three. Examples of reconstituted pulses are given which illustrate the variability from trace-to-trace, from shot-to-shot, and from one shot-point medium to another. There is reasonable agreement between the minimum-phase pulses obtained by this statistical analysis of operational records and those estimated from measurements close to the source. However, this comparison incorporates a “fudge-factor” since an allowance for absorption has to be made in order to attenuate the high frequencies present in the pulse measured close to the shot.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The implementation of a stacking filter involves the filtering of each trace with an individual filter and the subsequent summing of all outputs. The actual position of a trace in space as well as certain simultaneous shifts of traces and filter components in time do not influence the process. The resulting output is consequently invariant to various arbitrary coordinate transformations. For a certain useful class of ensembles of non-linear moveout arrival times for signals a particular transformation can be found which transforms a given ensemble into one consisting only of straight lines. It is thus possible to reduce, for instance, the analysis of a stacking filter designed for hyperbola-like moveout curves to the analysis of a velocity filter with linear moveout curves. As the (f—k) transform is a very useful concept to describe a velocity filter, it can consequently be applied to characterize a stacking filter in regard to its performance on input signals with non-linear moveout.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The technique of linear digital filtering developed for the computation of standard curves for conventional resistivity and electromagnetic depth soundings is applied to the determination of filter coefficients for the computation of dipole curves from the resistivity transform function by convolution. In designing the filter function from which the coefficients are derived, a sampling interval shorter than the one used in the earlier work on resistivity sounding is found to be necessary. The performance of the filter sets is tested and found to be highly accurate. The method is also simple and very fast in application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A case history is presented for the exploration of barite with the electrical resistivity method. Altogether eight locations were recommended out of which six correspond to barite bodies. In the present case the gravity method, which is commonly used for the location of barite because of its high density contrast with the host rocks, has failed, perhaps due to small size of the ore bodies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A correct derivation of rms, average and interval velocities from one another and from common depth point stacking velocities requires a clear understanding of the relationships between these velocities. We relate the average velocity to the rms velocity through a “heterogeneity factor” which is a quantity that gives a measure of the degree of velocity heterogeneity in the ground. The interval velocity is a quantity which varies according to the method of its derivation. The difference between rms and stacking velocities depends on the heterogeneity factor and on the length of the spread. Unless allowed for, this difference can reverse the advantages of long spreads and cause large errors in interval velocity determinations. It may be removed through a number of techniques. The accuracy of stacking velocities in the presence of random “noise” is independent of the heterogeneity factor. Relevant expressions can be broken down into simple formulae which give the accuracy quickly and with good precision.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 22 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Two distinct filters are developed in the frequency domain which represent an attempt to increase the resolution of fine structure contained in the signal whilst keeping the expected filtered noise energy within reasonable bounds. A parameter termed the White Noise Amplification is defined and used together with a measure of the deconvolved pulse width in order to provide a more complete characterisation of the filters. Each of the two main types of frequency domain filters discussed varies in properties with respect to a single adjustable parameter. This may be contrasted with a time domain Wiener filter which in general has three variables: length, delay and an adjustable noise parameter or weight. The direct frequency domain analogue of the Wiener filter is termed a gamma-Fourier filter, and is shown to have properties which span the range from those of a spiking filter with zero least square error at one extreme, to those of a matched filter at the other extreme of its variable parameter's range. The second type of filter considered—termed the modulated Gaussian filter—is similarly shown to be a perfect spiking filter at one extreme of its parameter range, but adopts the properties of an output energy filter at the other extreme.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A review of the most significant mathematical properties of digital operators and an introduction to their important applications to seismic digital filtering is given.Basic definitions in the time-series field and the principles of digital filtering are introduced starting from the Z-transform domain.Predictive decomposition for stationary stochastic processes and inverse operators are also discussed.Applications of digital filtering to seismic signal concern the predictive deconvolution, characteristics of dispersive and recursive operators, matched filters, and multichannel operators.A brief discussion on frequency, wave number, and velocity filtering phylosophy is given at the end of the paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The general use of continuous CDP seismic lines means that the neighbourhood of each depth point can be considered according to two sets of co-ordinates:— the co-ordinates of the abscissa on the seismic lines and the reflection time, which allow investigation of the local dip of coherent events;— the co-ordinates of the reflection time and the move out, which allow investigations of the average velocity for these same events.The combination of both investigations for each coherent event is a very convenient operation for the seismologist, and can provide some useful interpretation aids such as velocity profiles, or information on the interval velocities.The principles which we use consist in the examination of a large range of possibilities, of which only the most coherent are chosen.Some examples are shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Harmonic steady-state solutions for magnetic and electric vector components are obtained for a layered transitional earth in a vertical magnetic dipole field. The conduction currents dominate the displacement currents. The time factor eiωt is implied. MKS units are used.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Modern seismic recording instruments allow precise measurements of the amplitude of reflected signals. Intuitively we would expect that this amplitude information could be used to increase our knowledge of the physical properties of the reflecting earth.The relevant factors defining the amplitude of a reflection signal are: spherical divergence, absorption, the reflection coefficient of the reflecting interface, the cumulative transmission loss at all interfaces above this, and the effect of multiple reflections.Of these factors, three—spherical divergence, the reflection coefficient and the transmission loss—are reasonably clear concepts (though the estimation of transmission loss from acoustic logs caused some difficulties in the hey-day of synthetic seismograms). Absorption still presents considerable problems of detail, but our understanding has increased significantly in recent years.The factor least well understood is undoubtedly the effect of multiple reflections. Multiple paths having an even number of bounces can have the effect of delaying, shaping and magnifying the pulse transmitted through a layered sequence. Simple demonstations of this phenomenon can be made using elementary thin plates, and these can be presented for various synthetic and real sequences of layers. Such demonstrations lead one to explore the relation between the spectrum of the transmitted pulse and the spectrum of the reflection coefficient series.If it were possible to isolate the amplitude and shape variations imposed by absorption within a layer, there would be a chance that this measure of absorption would be useful as a correlatable or diagnostic indication of rock properties. If it were possible to isolate the amplitude and shape variations imposed by multiple reflections, there would be a chance that this measure would be useful as an indication of cyclic sedimentation and of the dominant durations of the sedimentary cycles. However, the separation of these two effects constitutes a formidable challenge. The very difficulty of this separation suggests that it may be opportune to review the quantitative estimates of absorption made by field experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The first part of the contribution deals with the generalization of the solution given by Sharpe and states the elements of the mathematical model of the explosion generating longitudinal waves. The generalization of Sharpe's solution consists in finding out the response of the medium to a pressure p(t) applied at the source, for any value of the ratio K=Vp/Vs covering the range √2 ÷∞.The second part contains the results of the calculation and design of three electronic analog models of the explosion process in rocks. The first is represented by electrical circuits separated by emitter follower circuits. The scheme of the second model has electrical circuits and elements of operational calculus (integrator, summation instrument). The electrical circuits are represented by the two filters simulating the selective effect of the explosion in rocks. The third model is a logical programming scheme of the problem on an analog computer.For the calculus of the electrical parameters of the three schemes we have taken into account scaling of the physical and geometrical parameters of the medium and of the explosion which should ensure the simulation of the explosion process in rocks of all kinds of importance in seismic prospecting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The gravitational attraction produced by a geological body of irregular shape can be easily determined by dividing it into cubes of small size. The exact expression of the effect of a cube is very complicated, but it can be calculated by using an electronic computer.4851 values of the gravitational attraction were determined for different positions of a cube with the side of 2l and the center in M(x0, y0, z0), for x0∈[0;20], y0∈[0;20] and z0∈[0;10]. Using these values, templates in double logarithmic representation were drawn, with x0 and z0 as parameters and y0 as abscissa, and with x0 and y0 as parameters and z0 in abscissa; this double set of templates permits a good interpolation for all cubes in the considered domain of M.The use of templates was tested to approximate the effect produced by a theoretical model of spherical shape and in a real case of a three-dimensional salt body of known shape based on a large number of boreholes. In both cases very good results were obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A precise method of gravity interpretation is described which uses tables for the attraction of rectangular prisms in all positions relative to a given point. Hence the attraction of any body or combination of bodies may be assessed without complicated mathematical procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Large memory computers create new possibilities for seismic interpretation in well-drilled areas, and more generally in problems involving deep sources.Records obtained by well-to-surface, surface-to-well and/or well-to-well propagation contain a large amount of information, owing to the great number of seismic rays travelling throughout the subsurface.This paper considers two successive steps:— direct case: computation of the first arrival times of seismic rays propagating through a two-dimensional subsurface with given vertical and horizontal velocity variations;— inverse case: computation of a two-dimensional velocity distribution, knowing the travel times of seismic rays through the subsurface.A computer program has been elaborated to solve both direct and inverse problems. There are no difficulties with the direct case; a certain number of uncertainties remain with the inverse case.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Simultaneous observations of electrical earth-potentials along parallel measuring lines offer a simple but useful method to study telluric and stray-current potentials. Different correlation-factors between the records of both observation points can help to separate telluric from industrial stray-current potentials. A method is suggested to eliminate disturbing impulses of stray currents from continuous telluric current recordings as those made at observatories.The influence of stray currents can also be eliminated from potential readings of an artificial current as applied in geoelectric measurements with the four-point-method. The elimination is possible by a simultaneous observation of the stray-current potentials on an equipotential line of the artificially generated field. The recording examples show an appreciable improvement of the signal-noise ratio without increase in the current. The method is useful for geoelectrical prospecting in areas which are contaminated by industrial noise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 19 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Computer-Graphics, the visual display of data in digital and analog form, allows immediate interaction between man and machine. This interaction facility is valuable when the user is engaged in model design. By using such a device in gravity interpretation, the geophysicist can overcome the slow process of model simulation constrained by the conventional input/output devices, also maximum control over running programmes can be exerted if needed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Most ground-water aquifers have a multibarrier natural defense system. With all these natural defenses, why are there so many contaminated wells? In most cases the well itself is the path of entrance for the contamination. The American Water Works Association and the National Water Well Association state in their joint Standard for Deep Wells: “Only when the sole available water-bearing formation lies so near the surface that it is continually contaminated is production of a safe supply not feasible.” Only in very rare circumstances is it economically justified to substitute disinfection for adequate protection of a ground-water source.Rapid changes in well water quality with pumping time indicate less than optimum construction. Poorly constructed and abandoned wells serve as unauthorized and uncontrolled ground-water recharge points and have a degrading effect on ground-water quality. Water quality improvement should begin with excluding water of undesirable quality from the source of supply. For the home owner and farmer to profit from this ideal it must be accepted by well drillers, water conditioning dealers, and county and State health departments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The problem of predicting water level changes in an aquifer due to variable pumpage is approached by using the convolution integral. Equations for a nonleaky artesian aquifer and a leaky artesian aquifer with negligible storage in the confining layer are presented. Computational results compare favorably with type curves for hypothetical cases with constant pumping. A practical example using variable pumpage from several pumping centers shows the applicability of the technique and its value in interpreting water level variations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Future water demands were estimated for each 10-year interval from 1980 to 2020 for areas in the Chicago region dependent upon ground water as a source of supply. Demands were compared with ground-water availability to define water deficient areas. Two approaches were considered in developing the ground-water resource. The first approach limits ground-water withdrawals to the maximum rate of natural ground-water recharge that can be induced by pumping. The second approach allows withdrawals to exceed natural recharge. When limiting ground-water withdrawals to recharge a large part of the region will require importation of water by as early as 1980. With proper pumpage distribution it is conceivable that there is sufficient water that can be withdrawn (mined) in excess of natural recharge to meet demands through the year 2020.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: A set of type-curves is presented which simplifies and quickens the solution of the Rorabaugh equation for drawdown in a pumping well by eliminating the trial-and-error computations. Type-curve analysis of test data in the field, before pumping is discontinued, provides an indication of the accuracy and adequacy of test data points. For optimum accuracy, test data should cover the portion of maximum curvature of the curve, and the range between the lowest and the highest pumping rates used in the step-drawdown test should be great enough to define a unique curve.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 9 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Four subsurface disposal wells have been drilled and completed in Alabama. These are: Stauffer Chemical Company, Mobile County; Ciba-Geigy, Inc., Washington County; U. S. Steel Corp., Jefferson County; and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., Tuscaloosa County. The Geological Survey of Alabama has been directly involved in all four projects. The Survey served as a consultant to the Alabama Water Improvement Commission, the State agency responsible for protection of surface and ground water in Alabama, on the Stauffer and Ciba-Geigy projects, and as consultant and supervisor on the U. S. Steel Corporation and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., projects. These projects were undertaken as a research effort to insure that the responsible State agencies are fully cognizant of all aspects of this method of waste disposal. It is a policy in Alabama that subsurface disposal is permissible for some wastes if the well is properly designed and completed in an appropriate geologic environment and if conventional methods of waste treatment have been evaluated and proved to be inadequate.The Stauffer well, operating at 75 gallons per minute and 500 psi, is the only subsurface disposal system, other than oilfield brine disposal wells, that is currently in operation. The Stauffer and Ciba-Geigy wells are in the Coastal Plains geological province and the U. S. Steel and Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., wells are in Paleozoic sediments of the Warrior Basin. A general discussion of the geology, drilling, completion, and testing techniques is presented for the two geologic provinces involved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...