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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (9,517)
  • 1985-1989  (4,523)
  • 1970-1974  (4,994)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1985  (4,523)
  • 1973  (2,694)
  • 1971  (2,300)
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  • 1985-1989  (4,523)
  • 1970-1974  (4,994)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STABLE COURNOT-NASH INDUSTRY NEED NOT BE QUASI-COMPETITIVE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00190.x
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  • 2
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    THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF TAX EVASION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00192.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    THE INVARIANCE OF TESTS OF DISTURBANCE SPECIFICATION TO MULTICOLLINEARITY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00193.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    THE IMPLICATIONS OF STOCHASTIC DEMOGRAPHIC ASSUMPTIONS FOR MODELS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF INHERITED WEALTH (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper extends existing distributional models to incorporate two sets of ‘stochastic’ demographic assumptions: (a) where the number of heirs is randomly determined, and (b) where the gender of a given child is randomly determined (but the total number of heirs is non-stochastic). The consequent increase in heterogeneity of family types might be expected to increase the inequality of family wealth and reduce the degree of intergenerational inheritance, relative to the ‘deterministic’ case, but it is shown that this conclusion is very much conditional on the other assumptions made; about the pattern of marriage and estate division in particular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00196.x
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  • 5
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    THE ACCOUNTING PRICES OF THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION: AN ESTIMATION OF THEIR PARAMETERS IN THE CASE OF GREECE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It is widely acknowledged that when accounting prices are used instead of market prices in project analysis they provide more adequate indicators of the social acceptability of the alternative investment projects. The first objective of this paper is the formulation of the methodology required for the determination of the accounting prices of the factors of production capital and labour in the case of Greece. The second is the estimation of the parameters needed for their valuation and the third is the derivation, under certain assumptions, of the actual accounting prices of capital and labour and their comparison with market prices in the case of Greece.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00186.x
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  • 6
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    ON THE SOLUTION OF LARGE ECONOMIC MODELS WITH CONSISTENT EXPECTATIONS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00191.x
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  • 7
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    A DISEQUILIBRIUM INTERPRETATION OF KALDOR'S TECHNICAL PROGRESS FUNCTION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This note examines the nature of underlying production function to Kaldor's technical progress function. It has been found that in the context of disequilibrium between planned savings and investment the history of capital accumulation becomes crucial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00184.x
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  • 8
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    THE THEORY OF CONTESTABLE MARKETS: COMMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00183.x
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  • 9
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    THE THEORY OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT: PART 2 (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00185.x
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  • 10
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    AN ANALYSIS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO GRANTS-IN-AID: A CASE WITH USER CHARGES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00188.x
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  • 11
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    HUMAN MIGRATION: THEORY, MODELS, AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00321.x
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  • 12
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    URBAN SIMULATION MODELS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00322.x
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  • 13
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    THE OPTIMAL CONVERGENCE OF REGIONAL INCOMES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: For many policy considerations it is assumed that the convergence of regional mean income will improve national equity by reducing overall inequality. The literature on decomposability of social welfare functions implies that this assumption is unwarranted. This paper develops a notion of optimal regional convergence. In general, the point of optimal convergence depends on the shapes of the regional income distributions, the inequality index used, and the rule for distributing interregional transfers. These concepts are illustrated with data on the regional income distributions of the Southern and Northern United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00304.x
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  • 14
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    A NEOCLASSICAL MODEL OF REGIONAL GROWTH IN INDONESIA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper a neoclassical model of regional growth is specified, estimated, and applied to the provinces of Indonesia. While parametric estimates indicate that factors of production respond as expected to neoclassical incentives, the attractiveness of growing regions for capital and labor inputs leads to instability and divergence among regions when the model is solved dynamically. A simulation of government intervention via a policy of encouraging capital growth in lagging regions demonstrates the potential of reversing such effects and encouraging regional convergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00307.x
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  • 15
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    LEONTIEF TECHNOLOGY AND THE LOCATION OF THE FIRM IN A WEBER TRIANGLE–SPECIFIC LOCALIZATION THEOREMS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In special cases of the Leontief technology's constant input-output coefficients, the general localization theorem that an interior location is a global optimum if every input or market vertex is not a local optimum [Kusumoto (1984)] is confirmed and strengthened. Sufficient conditions are proposed for the portion of a triangular space in which the firm will locate. Finally, it is shown that, if input substitution is permitted and its effects dominate spatial effects, the firm's total cost function will be monotone, as well as concave, hence the vertex is a global optimum if it is a local optimum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00312.x
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  • 16
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Distance and Space: A Geographical Perspective, by Anthony Gatrell. Research in Urban Economics, Volume 3, by J. Vernon Henderson (ed.).The Economic Transformation of American Cities, by Thierry J. Noyelle and Thomas Stanback, Jr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00316.x
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  • 17
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    A NOTE ON NEIGHBORHOOD SIZE AND THE MEASUREMENT OF SEGREGATION INDICES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This note examines neighborhood segregation measures with respect to size and validity. Conventional measures, while related to within-neighborhood homogeneity, are not necessarily related to neighborhood size. An empirical test examines racial segregation for Baltimore in 1970 and 1980 using both census tract and specially formulated neighborhood aggregates. For both years, and for all measures of segregation, the values and trends are essentially unchanged by the level of aggregation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00315.x
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  • 18
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    REGIONAL ECONOMETRIC MODELS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00320.x
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  • 19
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    MODELS OF LAND-USE, HOUSING, AND RENT: AN EVALUATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00324.x
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  • 20
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    LOCATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: THE JRS CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH LITERATURE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00326.x
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  • 21
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    A WORD OF THANKS FROM THE EDITORS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00327.x
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  • 22
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    SPATIAL PRICE POLICY AND THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: For a spatial market of given radius transportation cost per unit sold is less under mill pricing than under any uniform pricing. This is true whether profit-maximizing monopoly prices or welfare-maximizing prices or any other prices are chosen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00306.x
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  • 23
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    SPATIAL COMPETITION WITH LOCATION-DEPENDENT COSTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the behavior of spatially-competitive firms whose costs depend on their locations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimum locations are derived. Comparative-statistics analysis of the equilibrium shows that the responses of firms to changes in input and output transport rates depend on the properties of consumer demand curves or are ambiguous in sign.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00069.x
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  • 24
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    EMPLOYMENT CYCLES AND PROCESS INNOVATION IN REGIONAL STRUCTURAL CHANGE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Regional employment cycles, the demand for skilled and unskilled labor, and process innovations are analyzed in the context of an industry product cycle. Employment fluctuations caused by endogenous technological change lead to spatial decentralization of production facilities through capital relocation and spatial divisions of labor. A capital investment profile suggested by the product cycle scenario is related to employment cycles. A price system for output is outlined in terms of wages and profits over the product cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00072.x
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  • 25
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    K. H. RAU AND THE ECONOMIC LAW OF MARKET AREAS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: It is well-known that the economic law of market areas was first discovered by Launhardt (1882, 1885, 1900-1902) in Europe and independently discovered by Fetter (1924) in the United States. This paper shows that the seeds of the law of market areas are contained in a letter of K. H. Rau to M. Quintelet published in 1841, and that Rau's name deserves to be mentioned alongside those of Launhardt, Cheysson, and Fetter, as writers who contributed substantially to the developments of the law of market areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00068.x
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  • 26
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    A SHARPE PORTFOLIO APPROACH TO REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00293.x
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  • 27
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    TIME-SERIES MODELING OF GROSS MIGRATION AND DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00294.x
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  • 28
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00302.x
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  • 29
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    PRICE UNCERTAINTY, FACTOR SUBSTITUTION, AND THE LOCATIONAL BIAS OF BUSINESS TAXES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Consideration of the integrated production-location problem is extended to include several types of business taxes. Many of these taxes are technologically and spatially neutral under certainty, but are shown to be nonneutral when factor prices are stochastic and the firm is risk averse, even when the tax is spatially uniform. Consequently, even a nationally uniform tax can have regional biases and can encourage migration of plants. When factor prices are uncertain, the effects of taxes on output rates, input ratios, and plant location vary with the form of the tax imposed as well as the amount to be paid. Income taxes involve the taxing authority in sharing the risk with the firm and are shown to promote risk taking by the firm and induce the expansion of output. Locational incentives which are mutually beneficial to firms and the government are presented.
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  • 30
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    REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS AND POLICY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00323.x
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  • 31
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    INPUT-OUTPUT AND ECONOMIC BASE MULTIPLIERS: LOOKING BACKWARD AND FORWARD (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00325.x
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  • 32
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    ON THE SENSITIVITY OF GRAVITY MODEL FORECASTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we present a procedure for estimating small changes in gravity model forecasts in response to small changes in input values (trip end totals and/or parameter values). The procedure can be used to derive covariance matrices from which confidence intervals may be obtained and which may be used for tests of hypotheses. While this type of problem has been addressed by others, our approach is the only one that is conveniently applicable to the doubly constrained model and can accommodate the large numbers of origin and destination zones one typically encounters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00303.x
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  • 33
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    ECONOMIC AND COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF FREIGHT NETWORK EQUILIBRIUM MODELS: A SYNTHESIS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00292.x
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  • 34
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    LOCATING AN UNDESIRABLE FACILITY WITHIN A GEOGRAPHICAL REGION USING THE MAXIMIN CRITERION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00297.x
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  • 35
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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  • 36
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Geography: Towards a General Spatial Systems Approach, by William J. Coffey. The Transformation of Urban Housing: The Experience of Upgrading in Cartagena, Colombia, by W. Paul Strassmann. Dynamic Spatial Models, by Daniel A. Griffith and Ross D. Mackinnon (eds.). Urban and Spatial Development in Mexico, by Ian Scott. Human Settlement Systems: Spatial Patterns and Trends, by T. Kawashima and P. Korcelli (eds.).
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    A MODEL OF URBAN HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR WITH LEISURE CHOICE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper provides a complete comparative-static analysis of the simplest model of urban household behavior that incorporates time explicitly. Results involving the housing-price function and the effects on housing consumption and location (radial distance from the CBD) of exogenous changes in preferences for housing, housing price, and money costs of transportation are the same as in models not incorporating time explicitly. In addition, it is found that housing consumption and location are negatively related to commuting time, positively related to nonwage income, and ambiguously related (both a priori and empirically, for reasonable values of the relevant variables) to the wage rate.
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    POPULATION'S URBAN ENVIRONMENT EVALUATION MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: We propose the Population's Urban Environment Evaluation Model that quantitatively presents inhabitants’ evaluations of urban environments. Our target is to establish firmly a method to effectively reflect the inhabitants’ consciousness in a regional planning process. The approach taken follows a group decision-making theory and a multi-attribute utility theory: a kind of social welfare function (of additive form) is identified by using questionnaire data. The results of application of our model to Kitakyushu show that it presents several useful insights for regional planning.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1985)
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    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL ASSOCIATION OF CONVENIENCE-GOODS STORES BY USE OF A RANDOM CLUMPING MODEL (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    NONNEUTRAL TECHNICAL CHANGE AND REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS: A COMMENT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    THE LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF HOUSING CAREERS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1985.tb00295.x
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    A COMMODITY-REGIONAL MODEL OF WEST VIRGINIA (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents the specification, estimation, validation, and application of a modeling study which analyzes the possible impacts of a resource industry on a state economy. The Commodity Regional Econometric Annual Macro Model of West Virginia (CREAM model) is composed of a commodity model of the West Virginia coal industry and a macroeconometric regional model of the West Virginia state economy. The model describes the detailed interrelationship between the primary commodity sector and the rest of the economy of the region. The CREAM model utilizes the concept of engine of growth at the regional level and shows the impacts of market fluctuations in the demand for and value of coal on the economy of the state.
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    A PROPERTY OF THE RANK-SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND ITS USE IN AN URBAN HIERARCHY CONTEXT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper proves the symmetry of the classical rank-size distribution with respect to any city according to a criterion of relative population difference. This property is used to characterize the distribution of city sizes around the median center of their hierarchical level by the existence of symmetry, of an upper bound to dispersion, and of a regular spacing. An interpretation is suggested.
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1985)
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    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    THE ROLE OF ERROR STRUCTURE IN SIMULATIONS ON REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Previous simulation experiments on regional input-output analysis have concluded that regional purchase coefficients are more important than technical coefficients in contributing to multiplier accuracy. This paper shows that the multiplicative error structure used in those experiments may have biased the results. A new error structure, combining a multiplicative and an additive component is introduced, and simulations are conducted on randomly generated models. The analysis shows that the results are sensitive to the relative magnitudes of the two error components, as well as to the closure of the model.
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    THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF A CITY TEMPORAL CHANGES IN CUBIC SPLINE URBAN DENSITY PATTERNS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Using the basic summary of urban structure given by the population density function, this paper estimates changes which have occurred in the structure of the Detroit metropolitan area during the past two decades. Both overall density changes and direction-specific changes are estimated using census data and the method of cubic spline regression. The results give more revealing insight into the structural changes which have occurred in the city than has been possible with traditional models of urban population density.
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    HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND JOB MOBILITY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    THE SPATIAL CONTENT OF THE ARROW-DEBREU GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    A NOTE ON TESTING FOR REGIONAL HOMOGENEITY OF A PARAMETER (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    EDITORS’INTRODUCTION (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    MEASURING THE DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Multiregional Variable Input-Output (MRVIO) model is introduced to measure the development impact of a transportation system. The MRVIO model is a theoretically flexible, computationally simple, and cost-responsive model. Under the MRVIO model, regional input-output coefficients, trade coefficients, and trade flows become cost responsive and easy to compute.The MRVIO model is employed to measure the development impact of the Arkansas waterway during the period of 1974 to 1978. In the study, the U.S. economy is disaggregated into 3 regions and 35 industrial sectors. The MRVIO model estimates the economic conditions of these 3 regions with and without the waterway in terms of industrial output, income, employment, and trade flows.
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    BOOK REVIEW (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Decentralization: Sketches Toward a Rational Theory, by Manfred Kochen and Karl W. Deutsch. Making Business Location Decisions, by Roger W. Schmenner. City, Class and Capital: New Developments in the Political Economy of Cities and Regions, by Michael Harloe and Elizabeth Lebas (eds.). Research in Real Estate, Volume 1, by C. F. Sirmans (ed.). The Community as an Economic System, by Floyd K. Harmston. History of Spatial Economic Theory, by Claude Ponsard.
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    TESTING SIZE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS WITHOUT RATIO-VARIABLES, MULTICOLLINEARITY, LOGARITHMIC TRANSFORMATIONS, OR REGRESSION ANALYSIS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Using data describing the historical distribution of county seats in the United States, we (1) replicate the traditional ratio-variable test of the size-density law, (2) test a new multivariate, nonratio form of the law, and (3) introduce an alternative method of testing, one which avoids three possible problems in traditional analyses: ratio-variables, multicollinearity, and logarithmic transformation.
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    OPTIMUM LOCATION AND THEORY OF THE FIRM UNDER A REGULATORY CONSTRAINT (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper attempts to incorporate space in the theory of a regulated firm. It will show that the A-J effects are not affected in a spatial setting. In addition, it will also demonstrate that as the difference between the regulated fair rate of return and the unconstrained profit-maximizing rate of return on capital becomes greater, the optimum location of the regulated firm moves towards the site of the product market, if capital and labor are complements (substitutes) and if marginal transportation costs (with respect to distance) are an increasing (decreasing) function of labor usage.
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    MEASURES OF DIVERSIFICATION: PREDICTORS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC INSTABILITY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This work focuses on determining which measure of regional economic diversification best explains differences in economic instability across regions. One recent article found that a portfolio variance measure had the highest explanatory power. Another researcher found that an entropy measure was best after the model was corrected for heteroscedasticity. Results presented here indicate that, after correction for heteroscedasticity, portfolio variance once again displays the greatest power to explain cross-sectional variation in observed regional instability.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1985)
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    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    A RESIDENTIAL ENERGY MARKET MODEL: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a multisector residential energy policy model. This model hypothesizes that household energy behavior is affected by conditions in the housing, the mortgage finance, and the energy markets. The relationships encompassed by the model are specified with 32 single and simultaneous equations and tested with quarterly data drawn from behavior in Delaware. After the testing and evaluation of the model for its statistical performance, thereafter, three energy policies are simulated a 5 percent residential energy consumption tax, a set of conventional insulation requirements for all new housing, and a passive solar-installation requirement for all new housing. These policy choices are evaluated in terms of their impact on energy consumption, prices, demand and size of different types of housing permits, and mortgage financing. Finally, the economic and social implications of these policy impacts are discussed.
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1985)
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    Journal of regional science 25 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
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    Theory versus practice in the staffing of R&D laboratories (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper addresses the question of how far precept as revealed in the academic literature on staffing of industrial R&D organizations is reflected by practice in those organizations. The author has used the opportunity afforded by discussions with twenty-five middle- and higher-management staff in laboratories in four large European companies in the petrochemical, engineering and pharmaceutical industries to obtain an overview of their staffing practices.Six aspects of staffing were enquired into: identifying and attracting persons with skills needed, selecting those satisfying organizational needs, developing the new recruit, measuring performance, appraising the individual's needs and career planning. The general impression was that the practices were remarkably similar, though some differences were observed between research- or discovery-oriented laboratories and development-oriented laboratories.When compared with well-validated generalisations in the literature firms tend to use practices judged good in the literature though there are some significant deviations especially with respect to the value of the personal interview. In some respects firms use innovative practices not yet studied by academic researchers.
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    The Political Economy of Innovation (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    Mechanisms for improving the effectiveness of R&D: How many mechanisms are enough? (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The author proposes and explains a method of rating the effectiveness of an R&D organisation without attempting to measure its output. He postulates that the basic reason that an R&D organisation does not do the right R&D or get it used effectively is that it is working in isolation. In other words the interfaces between R&D and the outside world are not being managed. To achieve effective interface management requires an organisational change. Hence the problem of increasing R&D effectiveness is transformed to a problem of developing strategies to bring about this change.The author proposes a strategy which first requires the company to define objectives for interface management. The next question is to find out why the interfaces need to be managed; for the present business, for improving the people involved or for creating new opportunities for the future? This is a sequence of increasing refinement. Each phase of the R&D process is then looked at to determine the current state of interface management and take action to bring it to the next more refined stage. The author gives examples of what he means and discusses how his system can help the practising R&D director.
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    A study of co-authorship and collaborative research among Indian space technologists (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper sets out the methodology adapted and the sample studied, analyses the productivity of space scientists and engineers in terms of number of papers published with full as well as fractional authorship credits, discusses in detail the pattern of collaboration of space technologists in publishing papers, and lastly, identifies nonintersecting informal communication groups and ‘communication stars’ based on collaboration.
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    The M-Form Society (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Science in Government (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    Need Assessment—A Key to User-Oriented Product Innovation (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Science, Technology and Innovation—A Research Bibliography (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Computer Applications in Production and Engineering (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    A short survey of expert systems in UK business (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper summarises the results of a survey on behalf of the Alvey Directorate, conducted in 1983—4, of the use made of expert systems in twelve large UK firms. The survey points clearly to the conclusion that firms do not need to start with large state-of-the-art expert systems. A practical and useful entry point is provided by simpler systems, that is, those for which the knowledge base is clear cut, the expert is available and forthcoming, the knowledge is certain, the hypotheses definite and the ancillary data are valid. The author urges influential persons in an institution uncertain whether to use expert systems to make an exploratory entry and observe the results before making a final decision.The author believes that in the longer term expert systems will have to be designed to interface with ‘popular’ business language databases and with other systems. He gives some guidelines to relevant developments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00524.x
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    The Alvey Programme—intelligent knowledge based systems aspects (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper describes the aims and activities of the UK Government-financed programme on advanced information technology known as the Alvey Programme. Essentially, Alvey supports four areas from a total grant of 200 million spread over 5 years from 1983: software engineering, man-machine interface, VLSI and intelligent knowledge-based systems (IKBS). The whole is managed by the Alvey Directorate of which the author is a director.On IKBS the Alvey strategy is to increase university/industry collaborative research, promote markets for IKBS products and increase the supply of skilled manpower. They are financing four large-scale demonstrator projects: a speech-input work station, design-to-product system, decision-support system and mobile information systems. Each is being undertaken by a consortium of industry/academic interests. Among current smaller-scale projects are flight simulators and fault diagnosis systems for the internal combustion engine and transmissions. Another important set of activities consists in strengthening the infra-structure via standardisation of hardware, software and languages. The directorate also carries out general promotional and educational activities.
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    A Role for Knowledge Engineering in R&D (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The author distinguishes information from knowledge: information is notes, details, evidence, etc., knowledge is general laws, theories, understanding. Information Engineering (IE) is the provision of knowledge in usable form. Artificial Intelligence (Al) is the construction of computer systems that exhibit signs of intelligence. He asserts that Al has already provided methodologies that have advanced both IE and KE. The result is that IE and KE are now in the position to act as the pencil, paper and report material for R&D.Working knowledge of the languages is easily acquired and some useful empty shells are available, though the latter need more variety. Existing systems tend to be crude and may not address the right issues, e.g. emphasising probability rather than the risks associated with actions. Nevertheless the available tools are good enough to build useful expert systems for R&D.The potential of KE in education is being missed. In the author's opinion all university students should be taught to use the basic tools of knowledge engineering and apply them to their own disciplines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00526.x
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    Knowledge refinement for aircraft design and other processes with long cycle time (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with possible technical processes for collecting and refining knowledge and expertise within the Research and Development and Production and Support functions in the aircraft industry. It is also concerned with processes for facilitating the use of stored knowledge and expertise in providing for example continuity of good practice. Features of humans as processors of information, which will influence the collection and use of relevant knowledge and experience, are considered. The feasibility of ‘solving’ information processing problems with currently available techniques and hardware and software products is assessed. Indications are given of the kinds of developments that seem to be needed in the context of aircraft design and other activities considered in this paper. Human privacy considerations are identified as a possible problem and are discussed briefly.
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    Some people aspects of knowledge engineering (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: if an Expert System is to work effectively it must be fitted to its users' needs and preferences, not to its creators' convenience.The elegance of the programming language or the brilliance of the logical mechanisms will be wasted if the system is difficult to use or irrelevant in action.The capture of the knowledge when setting up an Expert System, and the use of a working system are both areas which involve Man/Machine interaction. This paper will draw attention to developments in the modelling of Human Learning Styles and Problem Solving Processes which could contribute to Knowledge Engineering methods.Models drawn from such disciplines can help the designers of Expert Systems to take account of human requirements as well as technical and logical factors. In addition, methods exist whereby the specific needs and objectives of potential users can be incorporated at the design stage, rather than as a result of criticism of systems already provided.Examples will be given of the contribution these methods are making to the progress of several Man/Machine Interface projects that the author is currently engaged upon.
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    Bridging the generation gap: Expert systems as part of large scale computer systems (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using expert system technology in industrial applications often involves the construction of programs of which the knowledge base is only a part and which have to be integrated into existing hardware and software environments. At Shell Research at Thornton it has been found that even within well explored areas such as fault diagnosis there is a need to incorporate non-expert tools within a knowledge system in order to perform tasks such as database management, screen handling and substantial numerical calculation. This is not always easy. A system to determine diesel engine condition from an analysis of the used oil has been developed using the SAGE package and subsequently redeveloped in Prolog to over-come such integration problems. An interesting side effect has been the discovery of the usefulness of Prolog in solving long standing problems concerning user access to complex relational databases.
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    A methodology for constructing expert systems (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Construction of Expert Systems has so far been seen as a craft or an art, not a science. This paper attempts to improve this situation by deducing some aspects of a methodology for constructing Expert Systems from a model of an expert's expertise. It suggests that the traditional methods, based on extracting problem-solving rules from an expert and encoding them directly into a suitable knowledge representation have certain disadvantages, while attempting to extract a causal model from the expert overcomes many of these. The simple Plausible Inference Expert System shell, of which several are now commercially available, is often very suited to the construction of causal models, and some practical issues concerning the construction of causal models are discussed.The suggested methodology has been found to work in several Expert System projects in I.C.I., though it is still being developed in the light of experience. In particular, the importance of the top-down design of an Expert System is stressed, though it is not yet based on theoretical considerations.
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    Knowledge acquisition by computer induction (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The generation of Expert Systems requires that the specialized knowledge of an expert be transferred to a computer system in a form suitable for machine interpretation. In many knowledge domains it is difficult for experts to describe their knowledge in an appropriate form. Where such expert knowledge is difficult to describe it is often possible to obtain good examples of the expert's decisions. Newly emerging computing techniques allow the induction of decision rules from examples; rules which can often effectively model the decision making behaviour of the expert in such situations. The use of such techniques provides a powerful new tool for the construction of Expert Systems.
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    Interactive expert systems (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The author points out the advantages of using the collective intellect of a group of experts over that of a single expert – combination of disciplines, stimulation of creativity, exploiting intuition. Use of this enhanced problem-solving capacity must also take into account the negatives – conformity, domination, misunderstandings and indiscipline.The author discusses three ways of managing groups of experts: treating them as passive suppliers of precise answers to closed questions (as in conventional expert systems), as active idea-generators responding to openended questions (cf. brainstorming etc.) or, best of all, allowing them to interact constructively either passively or actively depending on the current requirements of the problem-solving process.The role of computer technologies is then to facilitate these interactive group processes, for example by holding the stock of ‘hard’ information, or helping the unhindered provision of individual inputs and permitting collective processing of those inputs towards a problem solution, or providing the technology for predicting the consequences of candidate group-defined solutions. Such assistance would be especially valuable in economic and technological forecasting.
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    A note on effective laboratory size (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Surprisingly little attention has been paid to the question of what size is desirable for a whole laboratory as distinct from the groups that comprise it. A semi-quantitative analysis shows that while very small laboratories are handicapped by restricted common services there is also a heavy penalty paid by very large laboratories in the extended path over which information must flow between the working scientists and the decision makers. It is. not desirable, therefore, to expand research effort by allowing laboratories to grow indefinitely in size.
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    A model for small-scale industry/university collaboration in the UK based on case studies (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper outlines some examples of current collaboration between universities and technologically sophisticated small companies in Britain. Based on the examples a descriptive model of university-industry collaboration in the UK is presented. The model shows that interactions with small industries are often sequels to earlier ones and are essentially a part of the total university-industry collaboration efforts. Very often the whole process of new efforts. Very often the whole process of new product emergence chain – research ideaprototype-marketable product-multiple applications-general marketable version – is triggered off by initial interactions with small companies and small companies do play a very important role in the process of total technology transfer from university to industry. While flow of research results in a collaboration was on the whole well planned, the initial contact was prone to chance. A two-stage search by the university, which can reduce the chance element, is suggested.
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    The development from prototype construction to workshop production of an advanced underground locomotive: A case study (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reports on the problems encountered and their subsequent solution during the development and construction of an advanced locomotive from prototype to full production assembly. A fleet of these locomotives are to work in the UK National Coal Board's (NCB) Selby coalfield. In order to ensure that all the information was accurately recorded and could be applied to a reasonably precise point in the development process, visits were made to the company at intervals of about two weeks. In developing products of this nature a strongproblem solving capacity is a necessity and in the main it was found that engineering and theoretical design problems were solved quickly and once solved did not recur on subsequent units. Strong links between specialist suppliers and customers are vital, since components will often be used in unfamiliar applications and the customer may have to spend time carrying out applied development of suppliers' components. The development and production of the locomotive would have been aided by the NCB providing more accurate specifications, giving an indication of future volume requirements and being better prepared to site test the prototype after its delivery.
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    The Role of the Product Champion (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    Productivity and the R&D/Production Interface A German Point of View Concerning the Book of S. A. Bergen (Gower, 1983) (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Topics: Economics
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    EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTION IN INDEPENDENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article contributes to an established and growing literature in which a production function is estimated for educational institutions in order to investigate the relationship between school characteristics and performance.Existing studies in this area have generally met with only limited success. The present study, through its application of a statistical model to comprehensive data drawn from the UK private sector of education identifies a wide range of school characteristics which significantly influence performance.The article offers meaningful results and guidelines for further development of techniques in the investigation of a topic which is relevant to both producers and consumers of education.
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    REDUNDANCY, NATURAL TURNOVER AND THE PARADOX OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The properties of the labour market are such that moderate employment shifts can be accommodated by, and might even encourage, the natural movement of labour between jobs. But the scale and extent of employment adjustments in recent years has produced an altogether different response. Voluntary movement has fallen dramatically as unemployment has risen. Redundancies have increased in importance in absolute and relative terms. The pace of adjustment in recent years has reduced the natural flexibility of the labour market and has created a serious impediment to the optimal distribution of labour. Moreover, an economic doctrine which emphasizes the importance of flexibility and personal choice in the labour market, has effectively reduced both.
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    SOME FURTHER EVIDENCE ON THE PREDICTABILITY OF UK ASSET PRICES (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    THE EVOLUTION OF HICKS' THEORY OF MONEY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    FROM THE NEW EDITORS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1985.tb00178.x
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    THE THEORY OF PRINCIPAL AND AGENT PART I (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    UNCERTAINTY AND THE THEORY OF MARK-UP PRICING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 37 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the role of demand uncertainty in influencing a firm's mark-up pricing decision. With no uncertainty the marginalist approach represents this mark-up as inversely and solely determined by the elasticity of demand. Here it is shown that the introduction of uncertainty does not alter this simple dependency for a risk neutral firm. For a risk averse firm, however, the mark-up is shown to depend on a range of factors, including the level of fixed and variable costs and the level of expected demand. It is argued that such variability of margin is more in keeping with observed behaviour.
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    Corporate strategy and the buying and selling of know-how (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: At this time, following a protracted period of recession, many companies have need to add to or change their technological base. For a company whose basic business is founded on a mature technology and unlikely to recover to its former level of activity, there is need to consider the transition process into a new area of development. For companies, on the other hand, whose businesses are inherently sound but now find themselves lagging behind technologically because of cut-backs and economies in their R&D spend during the recession, some process of catching up may be necessary. In either case, internal development is a possibility but, it is argued, unlikely to be able to act fast enough or to be of sufficient magnitude to make even catching up possible. The acquisition of know-how is an alternative course of action but one which companies can be loath to follow. These statements are supported by evidence on international comparisons of R&D expenditure, and on the national ratios of royalty payments and receipts in respect of know-how. The circumstances under which companies should consider such acquisition, and the strategic considerations guiding which know-how to purchase, are discussed.
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    Patterns of market research timing for new industrial products (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The importance of market research to new industrial product ventures has been widely noted, and some evidence has suggested that failure of managers to carry out effective research can increase the probability of new product failure. In planning for market research, a problem facing managers is when market research should be done during the new product development process. In this study, patterns of timing of market research resource expenditures in 112 industrial new product situations were measured, and differences in these patterns related to seven major situational characteristics, marketing task similarity, distribution complexity, competitive advantage, buyer risk, development complexity, project downsides and project payoffs.Data analysis using MDA revealed significant differences between the patterns of research timing in different new product situations, and related these differences most strongly to marketing task similarity, competitive advantage, and buyer risk. The findings have important implications for managers involved in planning market research activities and resource allocations in new industrial product situations.
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    The Role of the Interaction between the User and the Manufacturer in Medical Equipment Innovation (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: It has been empirically observed that ‘under-standing user need’ and ‘good internal and external communications’ are factors which discriminate strongly between commercially successful industrial product and process innovations and those that fail. The research reported in this paper examines how the innovating firm achieves desirable levels of these factors through multiple and continuous interaction with the user throughout the innovation process.In the sample of thirty-four medical equipment innovations from eleven companies, twenty six (76 per cent) were developed through multiple and continuous interaction, resulting in twenty two (65 per cent) of these being successful.There appear to be two major reasons for this high level of interaction: (1) the requirement that any equipment that is to be potentially introduced into clinical use first needs clinical assessment and trial; and (2) the ‘state of the art’ clinical and diagnostic knowledge resides in the user. A special relationship is, therefore, needed between the clinical advisory and trial team on the one hand and the manufacturer on the other.The introduction to this paper reviews the findings of other work in the examination of the role of the user in the innovation process. Details of the sample, the methods of sample selection and classification of the data follow in section 2. The results of the research are summarised in section 3. These detail the nature of the medical equipment innovation process, identifying in particular the high level of interaction between the user, intermediaries and the manufacturer, resulting in good communications and understanding of user need. Section 4 attempts to determine the significance of these results for the effective management of innovation and suggest areas for further research.
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    Overvie of This Issue (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Developing ‘Expert Systems’: Contributions from decision support systems and judgment analysis techniques (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In considering the application of expert systems to the practice of R&D management, an age-old conflict continues to plague those who would be innovators—proper consideration of the need to evaluate information both systematically and intuitively. Operations researchers/management scientists can, and often do, find that the results of their arduous efforts to develop sophisticated models, algorithms, and statistical validation techniques are less than satisfactory to decision-makers. The reason, they are told, is that their systematic approach did not, and could not, give proper weight to the incommensurables.This paper discusses the concept that significant contributions could be made to lessen the occurrence of this dilemma by combining judgment analysis techniques with appropriately designed decision support systems. Current levels of performance/price ratios for computing systems are such that meaningful research can be undertaken to test the validity of this hypothesis. A research design is outlined and some recommendations presented toward that end.
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    The effect of managerial distribution of scientific and technical information on company performance (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: 272 scientific and technical personnel working in the R&D departments of 25 firms in the electronics/instrumentation field noted how often their managers engaged in different forms of influencing them to use scientific and technical information originating outside the firm (STI). The firms were classified as either ‘high performers’ or as ‘low performers’ on the basis of their sales growth and return on assets. Managers in the high performing firms were perceived to make significantly more use of the following forms of influence than those in low performing firms; supporting professional visits and continuing education, routing literature and references to scientific and technical staff, directing their staff to use STI and purchasing STI services. There was no difference between the two groups of managers in their perceived use of organizational efforts to increase use of STI, such as changing work and personnel and altering hiring and promotional policies. These findings suggest that company performance can be improved if managers take specific steps to encourage their staff to use STI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00041.x
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  • 97
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    Book Reviews (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Technological Innovation: University Roles. The Association of Commonwealth Universities, LondonEurotronics—European Working Party for Forecasting Electronics MarketsMicro Electronics in Western Europe—The Medium Term Perspective 1983–1987, K. P. Friebe and A. Gerybadze (Eds)New Product Development in Engineering: A Comparison of the British and West German Machine Tool Industries. Stephen T. ParkinsonStakeholders of the Organizational Mind. I. I. Mitroff.How companies manage R&D. Niall Lothian. Published by Institute of Cost and Management Accountants, March 1984The financial side of industrial research management. Lynn W. Ellis. John Wiley & Sons Inc.The costs of evaluation, edited by Marvin C. Atkin and Lewis C. Solmon.Personal-Management in der industriellen Forschung and Entwicklung, edited by Michel Domsch and Eduard Jochum. Carl Heymanns Verlag, CologneManaging Interdisciplinary Research. Edited by Epton, Payne and Pearson. John WileyOptimisation Models for Strategic Planning, edited by T. H. Naylor and C. ThomasThe Next Industrial Revolution—Reviving Industry Through Innovation. Robert U. Ayres.Management Compensation in High Technology Companies. Jay Schuster.A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times. Donald Hill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00042.x
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  • 98
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    Report of the Prize Committee 1984 (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00538.x
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    Dimensions of innovative climate in Chinese R&D units (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reports on the application of Rickards' and Bessant's ‘Creativity Audit’ in 141 research and development units in the People's Republic of China during 1982 and 1983. The objective of the paper is multifold: 1) to employ factor analysis in order to determine key dimensions of innovative climate and through these to be able to reduce the original instrument to a more convenient size; 2) to compare the concept of innovative climate between R&D performing units in a developing country, and an economy characterized by relatively strong central control, with the original British data; and 3) to utilize the dimensions of innovative climate to consider some hypotheses concerning the performance of R&D in developing countries and in China in particular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00539.x
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  • 100
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    Consequences of the shifts in U.S. Research and Development policy (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    R & D management 15 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is an edited version of a talk given in Copenhagen, Denmark on June 19, 1984 on a panel on public policy at the 26th international meeting of The Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS). The talk deals with the consequences of the recent marked shifts in the research and development policy of the U.S. government, as seen by the top federal science and technology administrator in three major areas: defence, aeronautics and space, and energy. Collectively they put the shifts into good perspective, see them in the main as being beneficial, and describe certain needed modifications to what in some respects have been evolving policies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1985.tb00540.x
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