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  • Insects  (8)
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • 1970  (8)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (8)
  • American Chemical Society
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974  (8)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 108 (1970), S. 380-396 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epicuticle ; Insects ; Tenebrio molitor ; Development ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'épicuticule de l'adulte de Tenebrio molitor est composée de deux couches distinctes dénommées épicuticule externe et épicuticule interne. L'épicuticule externe est la première couche cuticulaire sécrétée sous forme de petites plaques s'agrandissant par leurs bords pour recouvrir toute la surface cellulaire. Au moment de sa sécrétion, cette couche est formée de quatre lames denses A, B, C1 et C2. La lame B, très fine, disparaît par la suite et les lames C1 et C2 deviennent très nettes. L'épicuticule externe de l'adulte est donc formée de trois lames denses séparées par deux lames claires. L'épicuticule interne est formée de lames superposées denses et claires de structure complexe, qui sont masquées pendant la sécrétion des premières couches de cuticule lamellée (procuticule). Cette structure correspond à un arrangement moléculaire hautement organisé. La forme de la surface cuticulaire des sternites est déterminée par la forme de la surface cellulaire avant le dépôt de l'épicuticule.
    Notes: Summary The epicuticle of adult Tenebrio consists of two distinct layers named outer and inner epicuticle. The outer epicuticle is the first cuticular layer to be deposited in form of small patches on top of the microvilli. These initial patches are composed of four dense laminae (A, B, C1 and C2) separated by three light spaces. The outer epicuticle grows by densification of diffuse material at the edges of the patches until the entire area is covered. The thickness of outer epicuticle remains constant (175 Å) during the development of the pharate adult, lamina B however rapidly disappears. Thus, the adult outer epicuticle is fivelayered (three dense laminae: A, C1 and C2). After being deposited, the inner epicuticle shows a complex laminar structure interpreted to represent a highly organized molecular system. The laminae are masked during the formation of the first procuticle lamellae. During the deposition of the epicuticle, lamina A is covered by a component of the moulting fluid, forming an irregular dense layer which disappears after the resorption of this fluid. Perhaps this layer protects the new epicuticle from lytic enzymes of the moulting fluid. In adult animals, there is an additional superficial layer, the signification of which is not clear. The possibility of remains of cement or wax is discussed. The development of the surface patterns of the sternal and pleural cuticle is determined before the epicuticle formation by the shape of the epidermal surface. The rate of outer epicuticle deposition appears to depend on the size of the microvilli: epicuticle deposition seems to proceed faster over high microvilli.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpora cardiaca ; Insects ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude infrastructurale des corpora cardiaca de Locusta révèle l'existence de 3 types de fibres neurosécrétrices (portion neurohémale) et d'un seul type de cellules glandulaires (portion endocrine intrinsèque). Elle permet également d'envisager les modalités du rejet des sécrétions exogènes et endogènes.
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of the corpora cardiaca of Locusta migratoria migratorioides shows three neurosecretory fiber types in the neurohaemal part of these organs; only one cellular type constitutes the intrinsic glandular part of the corpora cardiaca. This study also shows sites of release of stored extrinsic neurosecretory material and of products elaborated by intrinsic glandular cells of the corpora cardiaca.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretory Pathways ; Insects ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude infrastructurale des nerfs cardiaques afférents et des nerfs allato-cardiaques qui entrent dans la constitution du système neurosécréteur rétrocérébral de Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. et F.) révèle l'existence des trois types de fibres neurosécrétrices définis dans les corpora cardiaca. Une quatrième catégorie de fibres caractérisées par la présence de vésicules claires existe dans les nerfs allato-cardiaques et dans les corpora allata. L'origine des fibres et l'évolution des grains de neurosécrétion au cours de leur transit sont envisagées.
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural study of the nervi corporis cardiaci and nervi corporis allati, which are part of the retrocerebral neurosecretory system of Locusta migratoria migratorioides, reveals the existence of three neurosecretory fiber types. A fourth neurosecretory fibertype with electron lucent vesicles is also present in the nervi corporis allati and in the corpora allata. The fibers are characterized by differences in the size and electron opacity of the neurosecretory granules. The origin of the various neurosecretory fiber types and the evolution of the neurosecretory granules are discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 106 (1970), S. 451-472 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hemocytopoiesis ; Insects ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mikroskopische Beobachtungen an normalen „phagozytären Geweben“ (im Sinne der älteren Autoren) entlang des dorsalen Diaphragmas der beiden Orthopteren-Arten Gryllus bimaculatus und Locusta migratoria zeigen übereinstimmend, daß diese Bildungen eine hematopoietische Struktur haben. Bei beiden Arten entwickeln sich die blutbildenden Stammzellen aus einer großen Anzahl sog. Retikularzellen mesodermalen Ursprungs, die den Retikularzellen der blutbildenden Gewebe der Vertebrata sehr stark ähneln. Wie bei den Vertebrata differenzieren sich bei den Insekten die Blutzellen in sog. isogenen Zellgruppen von gleichem Typus und gleichem Entwicklungsstadium. Die starke phagozytäre Neigung der Retikularzellen erklärt, warum die blutbildenden Gewebe der Orthoptera von den älteren Autoren als phagozytäre Organe angesprochen wurden. Die hämatopoietische Differenzierung der Retikularzellen in reife Blutzellen (Haemozyten) findet entweder in einem lockeren Gewebe entlang des dorsalen Blutgefäßes, wie bei Locusta, statt, oder im inneren mehrerer, an das Herz gebundener, hoch organisierter blutbildender Organe, wie bei Gryllus, die noch stärker an die klassischen Strukturen der Vertebrata erinnern. Wir beschreiben im einzelnen beide Strukturtypen, insbesondere bei Gryllus die Einteilung der Organe in einen Cortex, in dem sich die Blutzellen bilden, und eine Medulla, in welcher sich die reifen Haemozyten ansammeln können. Nach starken Blutverlusten zeigen besonders die blutbildenden Gewebe von Gryllus eine dramatische Stimulierung der Hämatopoiese an; die Punktion der hämatopoietischen Organe kann also ebenfalls experimentell nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Summary Microscopic observations of the normal “phagocytic tissues” (in the sense of the classic authors) of the dorsal diaphragm in the two Orthopterans Gryllus bimaculatus and Locusta migratoria unequivocally demonstrate the hematopoietic nature of these cellular accumulations. In the two species, the hematopoietic elements develop from a large number of so-called reticular cells of mesodermic origin, which resemble closely the reticular cells of the hematopoietic organs of Vertebrates. As it is the case in Vertebrates, the differentiation of the hematopoietic elements into mature blood cells occurs in the two Orthopterans also in isogenic cell islets. The phagocytic activity of the reticular cells explains the fact that these organs were classically considered in the Orthopterans as simple phagocytic organs. The hematopoietic differentiation of the reticular cells can occur either in a poorly organized, loose tissue located along the dorsal vessel, as is the case in Locusta, or in a group of highly organized hematopoietic organs, as in Gryllus, which resemble far more the classical hematopoietic structures of Vertebrates. We give a detailed description of both types of organization, especially of the subdivision in Gryllus, of the hematopoietic organs into a cortex, where the haemocytes differentiate, and a medulla, where they can accumulate. After severe hemorrhages, the hematopoietic organs of Gryllus show all the features of a dramatic stimulation of hematopoiesis; their function can thus be experimentally demonstrated.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 336-355 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Excretory organs ; Male accessory glands ; Insects ; Blatella germanica ; Cytophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les utricules, glandes annexes de l'appareil génital mâle deBlatella germanica, constituent un organe à la fois excréteur et sécréteur. Ils comportent un épithélium simple, formé d'un seul type de cellules qui cumulent ces deux fonctions. Le réticulum endoplasmique a un rôle primordial dans l'élimination des substances provenant de l'hémolymphe et qu'il transporte vers la lumière sous forme dissoute ou après cristallisation. L'excrétion des urates s'effectue en moins de 15 mn, la cristallisation en moins de 3 h. Les sphérocristaux sont constitués de plusieurs couches concentriques. Ils contiennent des urates et divers ions: Mg, K, Ca, P, Na, Cl, S et Cu. La structure et la fonction des utricules sont comparées à celles des tubes de Malpighi, la composition ionique des cristaux à celle de cristaux d'autres organes d'excrétion ou d'accumulation.
    Notes: Summary The Utricules, male accessory glands ofBlatella germanica are both excretory and secretory organs. They are formed by a simple epithelium composed of one type of cells which performs those two functions. The endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the elimination of substances — either in solution or crystallized — from the haemolymph. The excretion of urates is initiated in less than 15 mn, crystallisation in less than 3 h. The concretions include numerous concentric strata which contain uric acid and a number of ions: Mg, K, Ca, P, Na, Cl, S, and Cu. A morphological and physiological comparison has been envisaged between the Utricules and the Malpighian tubules; also the ionic constitution of the concretions is compared with the composition of other excretory or accumulatory organs.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 589-605 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Haemocytes ; Invertebrates ; Insects ; Tenebrio molitor L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Haemolymphe der Larve von Tenebrio molitor L. können elektronenmikroskopisch vier Zellarten unterschieden werden: 1. Ursprungszellen, 2. Gerinnungszellen, 3. spindelförmige Amoebocyten und 4. phagocytäre Amoebocyten. Die Cytoplasmaorganellen der Ursprungszellen liegen hauptsächlich in Kernnähe. Die Gerinnungszellen enthalten in ihrer perinucleären Zisterne Vesikel, die offenbar von der inneren Kernmembran abgeschnürt werden und mit der äußeren verschmelzen (=„nucleo-cytoplasmatische Pempsis“. Ein endoplasmatisches Reticulum ist nicht vorhanden. Im Cytoplasma finden sich kugelförmige Gebilde, deren Oberfläche mit Ribosomen besetzt ist. Sie haben keine Verbindung zur perinucleären Zisterne und scheinen, ebenso wie im Cytoplasma vorkommende, inhaltslos erscheinende Blasen, mit der Gerinnungsauslösung zusammenzuhängen. Vom Golgi-Apparat der Gerinnungszellen werden Granula produziert, die eine tubuläre Binnenstruktur aufweisen. Eine Ähnlichkeit mit Melanosomen wird diskutiert. Die spindelförmigen Amoebocyten speichern elektronendichte Granula in großer Menge, die aus Vorstufen mit tubulärer Binnenstruktur hervorgehen. In phagocytären Amoebocyten findet man zahlreiche Lysosomen und Verdauungsvakuolen. Scheibchenförmige, elektronendichte Einschlüsse werden als Albuminoidkörnchen gedeutet.
    Notes: Summary In the haemolymph of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. one can distinguish electronmicroscopically four cell types: 1) cells of embryonic nature, 2) clotting cells, 3) spindle-shaped amoebocytes and 4) phagocytic amoebocytes. The cytoplasmic organelles in the first type are concentrated around the nucleus and become more diffuse toward the periphery of the cell. The clotting cells contain in their perinuclear spaces vesicles that have budded off from the internal nuclear membrane. The mechanisms involved in “nucleo-cytoplasmic pempsis” are discussed. An endoplasmic reticulum is not present. In the cytoplasm occur spherical structures studded on their outer surface with ribosomes. These spheres have no connection with the perinuclear space and appear to have a function, along with the so called “empty vesicles”, in the clotting process. Within the Golgi-complex of the clotting cells, granules are produced having a tubular internal structure. Their resemblance to melanosomes is also discussed. The spindle-shaped amoebocytes store large numbers of electronopaque granules which develope from granules having a tubular internal structure. The phagocytic amoebocytes contain numerous lysosomes and digestive vacuoles. Disk-shaped electronopaque inclusions are considered to be albumine particles.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 365-381 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insects ; Brain ; Corpora pedunculata ; Mushroom bodies ; Synapses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Stiele der Corpora pedunculata im Gehirn von Acheta domesticus L. weisen eine Zonierung auf, die auf einer bestimmten Gruppierung von Globulizellfasertypen in der Stielsäule beruht. 2. Pilzkörperfremde Fasern durchziehen das Stielneuropil in allen Richtungen. Sie sind besonders klar zu erkennen, wenn sie senkrecht zu den Globulizellfasern verlaufen. 3. Sog. chemische Synapsen treten hauptsächlich in der Zone III, die den größten Teil des Stielvolumens einnimmt, und im basalen Stiel in der Zone IV auf. Außer synaptischen Vesikeln, die sich mit Zinkjodid-Osmiumsäure imprägnieren lassen, finden sich in den Pilzkörperfasern zahlreiche osmiophile Grana vom Typ der „dense core vesicles“. 4. Globulizellfasern sind mit pilzkörperfremden Fasern im Stiel synaptisch verknüpft. Sehr wahrscheinlich konvergieren im unteren Stielteil Globulizellfasern auf postsynaptische extrinsische Fortsätze. Wahrscheinlich haben auch Globulizellfasern untereinander synaptischen Kontakt. 5. Synaptische SpezialStrukturen (elektronendichte Auflagerungen, Massierungen von synaptischen Vesikeln) finden sich größtenteils in den anliegenden Winkeln von zwei benachbarten Axonen. Oftmals kann eine Entscheidung über die Polarisierung der Synapsen nicht getroffen werden. 6. Die verschiedenen Fasertypen und ihre Kontakte über Synapsen werden im Hinblick auf die Funktion der Corpora pedunculata diskutiert, die nach verbreiteter Ansicht assoziative Hirnzentren verkörpern.
    Notes: Summary 1. The stalk of the mushroom-bodies (Corpora pedunculata) of the cricket Acheta domesticus L. is composed of nerve fibers from different types of globuli cells. These fibers are arranged into four groups. 2. Extrinsic nerve fibers run through the pedunculus neuropil in different directions. 3. Synapses occur primarily in stalk zone III and in basic stalk parts of zone IV. Intrinsic nerve fibers of globuli cells contain synaptic vesicles, which stain with ZIO-impregnation (Akert and Sandri, 1968), and dense core vesicles. 4. Intrinsic and extrinsic nerve fibers make synaptic contacts. There is some evidence, that globuli cell fibers interact by chemical synapses too. 5. Special synaptic structures such as electron dense projections and accumulations of vesicles are situated predominantly in the angles of two neighbouring axons. The question of synaptic polarization can not always be resolved. 6. The different fiber types and their synaptic contacts are discussed with respect to the function of the corpora pedunculata. The results support the general view, that mushroom bodies represent an important brain center for association.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 103 (1970), S. 341-350 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Brain ; Insects ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the brain of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, the beta lobes of the corpora pedunculata respond with an intense positive reaction to a specific fluorescence histochemical method for catecholamines. The fluorescence reaction disappears completely after prolonged treatment of the cockroaches with reserpine. An ultrastructural examination of the beta lobes in formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed preparations reveals the presence of two types of fibres: 1) Fibres and nerve endings containing small clear vesicles and sligthly larger vesicles with a semi-dense content. The appearance and size distribution of these vesicles ist not affected by treatment with reserpine. 2) Fibres containing larger and denser vesicles, but practically no clear vesicles. The size distribution of these dense vesicles is only slightly affected by treatment of the cockroaches with reserpine. If brain slices are incubated in a medium containing noradrenaline or α-methyl-noradrenaline and fixed in permanganate, small vesicles with electron-dense central cores show up, similar to those which have been described in vertebrate adrenergic nerve fibres (“small granular vesicles”). They are confined to one of the two types of fibres (a and b) visible in these preparations, namely to type b, whose correspondence with type 2 fibres of formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed preparations is discussed.
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