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  • Innervation  (10)
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Physical Society
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1970  (10)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Physical Society
Years
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 46-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Mouse ; Interstitial cells ; Endocrine tissue ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Innervation der interstitiellen Drüse im Ovar der Maus wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Die adrenergen Nerven wurden mit Hilfe der Falckschen Methode dargestellt. 1. Fluoreszenzmikroskopie: grün fluoreszierende Varikositäten findet man im Stroma ovarii vor allem in der näheren Umgebung von Gefäßen. Nur selten sind Nervenfasern in Komplexen von interstitiellen Zellen (IZ) zu erkennen. 2. Elektronenmikroskopie: Terminale Nervenfasern mit bekannter Innenstruktur erreichen die IZ von allen Seiten und können unabhängig von den Gefäßen verlaufen. Viele Axone durchsetzen die Basalmembran und treten in enge Beziehung zu interstitiellen Zellen. Dabei bilden sie teilweise kolbenförmige Anschwellungen nach Art von Synapsen, die tief in das Cytoplasma der innervierten Zellen eingebettet sein können. Der synaptische Spalt ist 200 Å breit. Spezialisierte prä- und postsynaptische Membranen kommen nicht vor. Die Bedeutung der Synapsen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural studies have been carried out on the innervation of the interstitial gland of the mouse ovary. In addition Falck's fluorescence method was applied. 1. Fluorescence microscopy: In the ovarian stroma green fluorescent nerve fibers are frequently to be found in the surroundings of large and small vessels. Seldom small fibers invade blocks of interstitial cells; however, their final ramification is not discernible. 2. Electron microscopy: Terminal fibers of the autonomic nervous system reach the cells of the interstitial gland from all sides. They may be independent from the course of the vessels. Many axons penetrate the basal membrane and come into close contact with interstitial cells, partly by forming large swellings (boutons), which may be deeply embedded into the cytoplasm of the innervated cell. The synaptic cleft is about 200 Å wide. Specialized pre- and postsynaptic membranes have not been found. The innervated cells show no peculiarities. The possible function of the synapses is discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 212-226 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Interstitial cells ; Thecal gland ; Innervation ; Domestic fowl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the nerves of the ovarian stroma of the domestic fowl is described for the first time. In the fowl, the nerves are concentrated upon blood vessels, smoth muscles and mainly, the thecal gland with the steroid-producing cells. Myelinated as well as unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. Numerous axon terminals representing adrenergic and also presumptive cholinergic nerve fibers are regularly seen in membranous contact with steroid-producing cells. In these axon terminals microvesicles are oriented towards the steroid-producing cells indicating a specialization of the surface from axon-to-cell contact. Evidence has been presented that there is a membranous neuro-humoral contact between the peripheral autonomie nervous system and the steroid-producing cells in the ovary. The present investigation has demonstrated that there is morphologic evidence for a nervous control of steroid-producing cells. The physiological importance of this neuro-humoral contact is discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituicytes ; Anuran ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituicytes of Rana pipiens could be classified into two types, pale and dense, according to their relative densities of cytoplasm and the populations of free ribosomes and cell organelles. An intermediate type of pituicyte was also recognized. Lipid droplet such as are typical in the cytoplasm of mammalian pituicytes, are not in the cytoplasm of either types of frog pituicyte. Both types have long cytoplasmic processes which run among the nerve fibers, and some of them end at the pericapillary space. Nerve endings making synapse-like contacts with the cell bodies or the processes of the pituicyte are frequent. According to the structures and sizes of granules and vesicles in the nerve endings, these endings are classified into one of three types: 1) A, which appears to be a peptidergic neuronal ending containing dense granules 1,200–2,000 Å in diameter and small clear vesicles 300–400 Å in diameter; 2) B, which appear to be monoaminergic endings containing cored vesicles 600–1,000 Å in diameter and small clear vesicles 300–500 Å in diameter; 3) C, which appear to be cholinergic endings containing only small clear vesicles. Type C endings are relatively rare. In the synaptic area the axonal membranes appose those of the pituicytes across a gap of about 200 Å and numerous “presynaptic” vesicles are clustered or accumulated near the presynaptic membranes.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 108 (1970), S. 446-456 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Loligo vulgaris ; Innervation ; Dense core vesicles ; Helicoidal muscle ; Filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Innervation der braunen, roten und gelben Chromatophoren von Loligo vulgaris ist quantitativ und qualitativ verschieden. In den begleitenden Nervenbündeln finden sich stets Axone mit hellen (etwa 300 Å Ø), gelegentlich auch solche mit „dense-core“-Vesikeln (etwa 600 Å Ø). Die Myofilamente der kontraktilen Rinde sind gegeneinander versetzt und um die Längsachse spiralig gewunden. Im axialen Sarkoplasma treten gebündelte, in Längsrichtung zur Muskelzelle orientierte Filamente auf (jedes etwa 70 Å Ø), die möglicherweise eine Funktion bei der tonischen Kontraktion erfüllen.
    Notes: Summary The innervation of the brown, red and yellow chromatophore muscle cells in Loligo vulgaris shows quantitative and qualitative differences. The nerve bundles regularly contain axons with electronlucent vesicles of about 300 Å diameter, and occasionally axons with dense core vesicles of about 600 Å diameter. The myofibrils of the contractile cortex show a staggered arrangement and are wound in a spiral with respect to the axis of the muscle cell. In the axial sarcoplasm there is additionally a bundle of thin filaments of about 70 Å thickness. The bundle is orientated in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the muscle cell. Its function may be to maintain tonic contractions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 465-480 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cerebral artery ; Innervation ; Degeneration of sympathetic nerves ; Synaptic vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the innervation of the anterior cerebral artery of the rat was studied in control animals and in animals after superior cervical ganglionectomy. Fluorescence histochemistry shows a periarterial network of intensely fluorescent fibers which are divided into two groups, adventitial and periadventitial. The fluorescence begins to decrease 26 hours after, and completely disappears about 32 hours after, ganglionectomy. Fine structural changes are first observed 18 hours after ganglionectomy, when the axoplasm of degenerating axons becomes electron dense. This density gradually increases up to about 32 hours. By 32 hours most axons with disintegrating axolemmas become inclusion bodies of the Schwann cells. At this stage, synaptic vesicles can still be distinguished as less dense areas, but the membrane structures of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria are difficult to recognize. The degenerating axons are gradually absorbed and by 38 hours dense, residual bodies are observed in the Schwann cells. Generally speaking, the degeneration occurs first in the adventitial fibers and then in the periadventitial fibers. The transient appearance of small, granular vesicles is noticed in axon terminals about 18 hours after denervation, although very few small, granular vesicles are seen in control tissue or at later stages of degeneration.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 108 (1970), S. 324-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Human myocardium ; Innervation ; Nerve endings ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscope studies of axons, distributing singly or in small bundles in the human ventricular and atrial myocardium, indicate a few per-cent of the axon profiles to be significantly large in diameter (1.5–3.0 μ). They are characteristically packed with a profuse number of mitochondria along with large granular vesicles, glycogen rosettes, lysosomic bodies; and some of them terminate on a “specific terminal cell” (Knoche and Schmitt). These mitochondria-rich, large axons are assumed to be terminal portions of the cardiac afferents. About half of the axons encountered in the ventricle and 2/3 in the atrium are non-vesiculated, usually less than 0.5 μ. in diameter. The varicosities containing numerous vesicles are mostly 0.5–1.5 μ in diameter and are assumed to be terminal portions of the cardiac efferents. The ratio between the number of axon profiles containing small granular vesicles and that of axon profiles containing agranular vesicles without small granular vesicles is 2∶1 in the ventricular myocardium and 1∶1.7 in the atrial myocardium.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 109 (1970), S. 495-516 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hilus cells ; Ovary ; Pig ; Structure ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Elektronenmikroskopisch konnte bestätigt werden, daß es sich bei den Hiluszwischenzellen (Hz) im Ovar des Schweins um Leydig-Zellen handelt. Die Zellen verfügen über ein stark ausgeprägtes glattes endoplasmatisches Reticulum, das teils als tubuläres Netzwerk, teils als zwiebelschalenförmig angeordnete Häufung dicht gepackter, gefensterter Cisternen vorkommt. Diese Cisternen können in extremen Fällen die Hälfte eines Zellquerschnittes ausfüllen und kondensieren sich häufig um Lipidtropfen und Pigmentgranula. Die Mitochondrien besitzen Cristae, Tubuli und Sacculi sowie eine Matrix unterschiedlicher Elektronendichte. Die Golgi-Stapel sind schwach entwickelt. Die Zellen verfügen über Centriolen, und es gibt Hinweise, daß sie sich amitotisch teilen. Im Cytoplasma finden sich bis zu 5 μm große Lipidtropfen. Die in ihnen vorhandenen Pigmentgranula sind außerordentlich polymorph, meist von einer Membran umgeben und entstammen möglicherweise Lipidtropfen und Mitochondrien. Einzelne Axone des Hilusnerven können die Basalmembran durchbrechen und mit den Hz in engsten Kontakt treten. Typische Synapsen wurden nicht beobachtet. Die Befunde werden auf dem Hintergrund von Ergebnissen der Lichtmikroskopie, der Biochemie und Pathologie diskutiert und mit den an Leydig-Zellen gewonnenen verglichen. Verschiedene Zellbilder werden als Stadien unterschiedlicher Reife interpretiert.
    Notes: Summary The hilus cells in the ovary of the pig have been investigated with the electron microscope. These elements are identical with Leydig cells. The hilus cells contain an abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum, which is either organized as a tubular network or as an onion like system of closely packed flattened cisternae sometimes filling up half of a cell and often being concentrated around lipid droplets and pigment granules. The mitochondria have cristae, tubuli and sacculi and a matrix of variable electron density. The golgi cisternae are poorly developed. The cells have centrioles, and there are hints of an amitotic cell division. The cytoplasm of the hilus cells contains lipid droplets, which have a diameter up to 5 μm. The pigment granules are extremely polymorphic, nearly always surrounded by a single membrane. They possibly may be derived from lipid droplets and mitochondria. Single axons of the hilus nerve occasionally penetrate the basement membrane and come into close contact with the hilus cells. Typical synapses were not observed. The results are discussed on the background of light microscopical, biochemical and pathological findings and compared with those obtained on Leydig cells of different species. Various cell images are interpreted to represent progressive stages of maturation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 111 (1970), S. 404-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Heart ; Innervation ; SA-Node ; Adrenergic and non-adrenergic axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rabbit SA-node was outlined electrophysiologically and its adrenergic and cholinergic innervation patterns were studied with the electron microscope. Differentiation between adrenergic and cholinergic terminals was achieved by fixation of the specimens in KMnO4 which produces dense-cored synaptic vesicles in adrenergic terminals, whereas synaptic vesicles in cholinergic terminals are empty. It was found that adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals often come in close apposition to each other, the distance between adjoining membranes being in the order of 250 Å. At times, faint membrane thickenings could be seen in these places. The available pharmacological, physiological and morphological evidence leaves little room for doubt that cholinergic terminal fibers can influence the adrenergic ones. From mainly morphological evidence it is also postulated that adrenergic terminals influence cholinergic terminals.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 111 (1970), S. 413-426 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Median eminence ; Pars nervosa ; Innervation ; Amphibian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'éminence médiane et la pars nervosa de Rana esculenta diffèrent du point de vue de leur structure. L'éminence médiane se compose de 2 zones différentes: la zone externe placée près du lobe distal et la zone interne située sous l'épendyme. Dans la zone externe, on distingue, d'après la taille et la forme des grains de sécrétion, 5 types de terminaisons. 1. des terminaisons avec de fins granules sphériques denses de 800 à 1000 Å de diamètre; 2. des terminaisons avec des granules de 1000 à 1200 Å de diamètre; 3. des terminaisons avec des grains de forme irrégulière de diamètre supérieur aux précédents (1200 à 1600 Å); 4. des terminaisons avec de volumineux grains denses sphériques d'environ 1200 à 1800 Å de diamètre; 5. un petit nombre de terminaisons ne contenant que des vésicules. Les terminaisons des catégories 3 et 4 sont probablement du type neurosécrétoire. La zone interne contient de nombreuses fibres neurosécrétrices. Elles sont de 2 types, l'une avec de gros granules (1600–2400 Å), l'autre avec des granules moins volumineux (1300–2000 Å). Des fibres non neurosécrétrices ont également été observées. Dans la pars nervosa, on rencontre deux types principaux de fibres neurosécrétrices, l'une avec des grains denses de 1600 à 2400 Å de diamètre, l'autre avec des grains moins denses d'environ 1300 à 2000 Å de diamètre. Dans la zone externe bordant la pars intermedia des fibres aminergiques avec de fines granulations ont été observées.
    Notes: Summary The median eminence and the pars nervosa of Rana esculenta have a different structure. The median eminence has 2 different zones: the outer zone situated near the pars distalis and the inner zone under the ependyme. In the outer zone there are, according to the size and the shape of the granules, 5 types of nerve terminals. 1. Endings containing spherical fine dense granules of 800 to 1000 Å in diameter; 2. Endings with spherical granules from 1000 to 1200 Å in diameter; 3. Endings with granules of irregular shape which are bigger than the former (1200 to 1600 Å); 4. Endings with spherical dense granules of about 1200 to 1800 Å in diameter; 5. A few endings containing only clear vesicles. Type 3 and type 4 endings are probably neurosecretory. The inner zone contains numerous neurosecretory fibres. They are of two types: one with big granules (1600–2400 Å), the second with smaller granules (1300–2000 Å). Non-neurosecretory fibres have also been observed. The pars nervosa contains two principal types of neurosecretory fibres: one with dense granules of 1600 to 2400 Å in diameter, the other with lighter granules of about 1300 to 2000 Å. In the external zone lining the pars intermedia, aminergic fibres with fine granules have been observed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 105 (1970), S. 538-542 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eye ; Iris ; Melanophores ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve supply to the iridic melanophores of the rat was studied with the electron microscope. The adrenergic and cholinergic terminals were identified with the aid of 5-hydroxydopamine, which produces dense-cored 400–800 Å synaptic vesicles in adrenergic axon varicosities, whereas the synaptic vesicles of cholinergic axons remain empty. It was found that both adrenergic and cholinergic terminal axons come in close apposition (200–250 Å) with the melanophores. The appositions have the same appearance as synapses in peripheral tissues. It seems likely that the murine iridic melanophores have a double innervation, although its functional significance is obscure.
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