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  • Chemistry  (10.453)
  • General Chemistry  (1.886)
  • Humans
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (10.453)
  • 1970-1974  (10.453)
  • 1972  (5.473)
  • 1970  (4.980)
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  • 1970-1974  (10.453)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 811-824 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The root-mean-square end-to-end distance has been calculated for a model allowing free rotation about glycoside bonds for the general case of polysaccharides having a disaccharide repeating unit. Numerical estimates are given for several naturally occurring structures based on an idealized pyranose unit in the C1 chair conformation. Extrapolation procedures which make use of the intrinsic viscosity [η] in good solvents to obtain unperturbed dimensions do not represent, data for hyaluronic acid very well, especially at low molecular weights. However, order-of-magnitude estimates suggest that this polymer behaves similarly to other polysaccharides, and probably has stiffer local structure than typical non-ionic synthetic polymers. A double logarithmic plot of the product of [η] and M̄w, the weight-average molecular weight, against the degree of polymerization in the range for M̄w of 104 to 2 × 104 permits a straight-line fit of available data for all the glycosaminoglycans, including heparin and the chondroitin sulfates, as well as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. This result suggests similarity of short-chain hydrodynamic behavior of these polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 875-875 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 865-874 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A common approximation for deriving solutions to the Lamm equation is to neglect diffusion. This paper presents a singular perturbation technique that allows one to estimate the band spreading due to nonzero diffusion coefficient. We illustrate the general mathematical technique by its application to sedimentation when pressure effects are important. Comparison of the approximate solution with accurate numerical solutions shows that the relative errors are of the order of 1% both for concentration and concentration gradient for parameters of chemical interest.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 891-896 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Glycogen acquires a negative charge in both alkaline and acidic solutions and can move in an electrical field, its mobility being related to the degree of alkalinity or acidity. There is a slight increase in relative viscosity at both ends of the pH spectrum. These effects and the changes in nuclear magnetic resonance as a function of pH are interpreted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The viscosity of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase solutions was studied at 10 and 20° C in 0.2.M sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7, in the concentration range 0.1-8 mg/ml. A method for the study of the viscosity of very dilute solutions of associating enzymes is described. It was found that the reduced specific viscosity ηsp/c of glutamate dehydrogenase continuously increases with increasing enzyme concentration, from about 4 ml/g at the lowest concentrations to about 16 ml/g at 8 mg/ml. In the presence of 10-3M GTP and 10-3M NADH the viscosity increase is much smaller and the results can be extrapolated to zero enzyme concentration to yield an intrinsic viscosity [η] = 3.2. The values of ηsp/c in phosphate buffer alone apparently extrapolate to the same value of [η], or to a value close to it. We also observe that, in the presence of toluene ηsp/c increases very much more with enzyme concentration: ηsp/c already equals 16 ml/g at a concentration of 0.75 mg/ml. These observations are in good agreement with the hypothesis that the active oligomer of glutamate dehydrogenase (MW = 312,000) associates with increasing enzyme concentration to form linear rodlike polymers of indefinite length. This association is strongly diminished by the addition of 10-3M GTP, 10-3M NADH. Toluene, on the other hand, promotes reversible association to linear polymers of very high molecular weight. The transverse and axial rotary frictional coefficients of macroscopic bodies, similar to a physical model for the structure of glutamate dehydrogenase recently advanced, were determined. Assuming that the viscosity of the model is equal to that of an ellipsoid of rotation with identical frictional coefficients, we calculate [η] = 3.26 ml/g according to Kuhn and 3.20 ml/g according to Simha, for the glutamate dehydrogenase oligomer, in good agreement with the result derived from the study of enzyme solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 911-922 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Molecular monolaycrs of poly(β-benzyl L-aspartate) spread at. an air-water interface have been studied. The results obtained both by direct observations on the monlayer and from examination of collapsed films with polarized infrared spectroscopy and electron diffraction are consistent with the presence of right handed α-helices in the mono-layer when the molecular weight is high. When 1% (v/v) isopropanol is present in the subphase the right-handed helix prevails, provided that the monolayer is first spread on water. Monolayers of low molecular weight polymer appear to form the crossed-β structure. Orientated collapsed films of high molecular weight polymer can be converted to the left-handed α-helical and to the ω-conformation, and the mechanisms are discussed. The surface chemistry of this polymer is compared with that of related polymers and a consistent pattern of behavior emerges.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A simplified scheme for treating the spatial configurations of polynucleotide chains is developed using the rotational isomeric state approximation and statistical methods applicable to linear systems of interacting subunits. As a consequence of geometric constraints imposed by the skeletal structure and of the severity of certain steric interactions, it is possible to represent the repeat unit comprising six skeletal bonds by two virtual bonds of fixed length. The configuration of the polynucleotide chain as a whole may be conveniently described by an alternating succession of these two virtual bonds. Moreover, analysis of steric interactions suggests that bond rotations governing the mutual orientation of a given pair of successive virtual bonds should be sensibly independent of the rotations affecting the mutual orientation of other pairs. The statistical mechanical treatment of configuration-dependent properties is much simplified in consequence of this mutual independence. Mean-square dimensions calculated by giving equal weights to all sterically allowed conformations are much smaller than values determined by Felsenfeld and co-workers. The calculated dimensions are markedly increased, however, by placing certain arbitrary restrictions on the rotations about selected pairs of skeletal bonds. It is thus demonstrated that steric interactions alone are insufficient to account for the spatial characteristics of polynucleotide chains. The dimensions are also found to be sensitive to the conformation of the ribose ring of each nucleotide unit, but, insofar as the influences of steric interactions are concerned, the dimensions do not depend on the heterocyclic base attached to the ribose ring.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 119-126 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A theory is presented concerning the possible arrangements of protomers in tetrameric molecules. Isoenzymes may exist even in the case of homotetramers if the asymmetry of the identical protomers is detectable. The number of tetrahedral isoenzymes that can be isolated depends on the nature of the intersubunit bonds and on the level of the asymmetry of the protomers. Five isoenzymes can be distinguished only if two different types of protomers form tetrahedral tetramers and the asymmetry of protomers is not detectable with the method used. If the two types of protomers can bind each other by any pairs of binding sets and the asymmetry of both protomer types reaches the level of detection with the method used, we obtain 117 isoenzymes: 15 individual ones, and 51 stereoisomeric pairs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 197-214 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Our previous paper described graphical procedures for evaluating the mode of association in ideal discrete and indefinite cases. This paper concerns the application of such procedures in cases where the non-ideality term BM1 must be considered. Bovine liver L-glutamate dehydrogenase and lysozyme are used as model systems. Several graphical procedures for dealing with cases of 1 - m, 1 - m - n, or indefinite association are developed. The procedure is based on the evaluation of the weight-fraction monomer with-out prior calculation of BM1, using graphical analysis to evaluate the non-ideality term.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 271-278 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1017-1028 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Low-angle light scattering results reported previously demonstrated that measurements on high molecular weight native DNA must be made at angles below 30° in order to obtain correct molecular weights. Earlier light-scattering data obtained on denaturated DNA at angles above 30° showed no change in molecular weight upon denaturation, even though other techniques clearly showed that strand separation occurred. This paper reports low-angle measurements on solutions of calf thymus and T7 DNA denatured under acidic conditions. The results demonstrate that a halving of molecular weight consistent with strand separation is detected by light scattering only when low-angle data are used to obtain correct molecular weights for native material. As expected from theoretical considerations, the scattering from denatured DNA is a linear function of sin2(θ/2), where θ is the angle of observation. This result shows that anticipated experimental artifacts have no significant effect on the low-angle measurements and demonstrates that the curvature in the scattering envelope observed for native DNA below 30° is an inherent property of the native molecule.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The kinetics for the cis-trans isomerization of long-chain poly-L-proline has been studied as a function of pressure, temperature, and solvent composition in the acetic acid + n-propanol solvent system. Our complete kinetic curves were fitted by Monte Carlo techniques, and rate constants for nucleation, growth, and termination were estimated. It was found that for the formation of a cis-helix, high pressure, low temperature, and increased acetic acid content of the solvent, lowered the rate of nucleation relative to growth. The inverse seems to be t rue for the formation of a trans-helix. Molecular models suggest that this behavior of the kinetic constants can be due to the exposure of peptide units to solvent in the transition state for trans nucleation, and the burying of peptide units in the transition state for cis nucleation. It is further suggested from our analysis of complete kinetic curves that at least one of the assumptions usually made in the analysis of relaxation kinetics is invalid for poly-L-proline.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1039-1047 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Solutions of amylose in ethylenediamine yield a crystalline film complex upon evaporation of solvent. The x-ray analysis indicates the presence of a tetragonal-shaped cell with a symmetry approximating that of space group P212121. The amylose sixfold helix has a diameter of 13.3 Å and a translation period of 8.0Å. Chemical and physical analyses support a complexing ratio of one ethylenediamine molecule to every two glucose units. The structure is nearly identical to any amylose-dimethyl sulfoxide complex previously examined. The square mode of packing arrangement appears to result from complexation between amylose chains. Such complexing indicates a much greater degree of amylose interaction than is observed in amylose complex structures having a hexagonal close-packing arrangement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1049-1058 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: pH titration measurements of poly- S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine were undertaken in the aqueous Nacl solution in relation to the β form-random coil transition. The titration curves show a marked molecular weight dependence because of the shortened chain length of materials. Comparison of the optical rotatory dispersion parameter a0 with the titration curve reveals that the titration curve apparently reflects a β structure-random coil transition. The β form of this polymer is assumed to be an intramolecular β form, rather than a β structure stabilized by an intermolecular hydrogen bond, at least in the polymer concentration range considered here. The standard free energy change per amino acid residue for the transition from un-ionized random coil to un-ionized β form is estimated to be about -750 cal/mole residue in the range of 0.005-0.2M NaCl concentration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1059-1077 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the four usual deoxymononucleosides, all sixteen deoxydinucleotides, and a number of trinucleotides have been measured. The dimer spectra are quite different from the sum of the spectra of their constituent monomers. This indicates the presence of base-stacked conformations analogous to those found for ribonucleoside diphosphates. The CD spectra of several deoxytrinucleotide diphosphates and single-strand f 1 DNA can be calculated fairly well by using a semi-empirical nearest-neighbor approach. There is little or no effect of terminal phosphate or of salt concentration on the optical properties of most deoxy oligomers. The possibility of simultaneous analysis of mixtures of deoxypurine or deoxypyrimidine sequence isomers has been examined. This seems to be a viable approach for the analysis of purine runs but cannot promise much success for pyrimidine runs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1079-1103 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The circular dichroism spectra of all 16 ribodinudeoside phosphates containing the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine have been measured at room temperature and neutral pH. These results are compared with the circular dichroism spectra of the corresponding deoxy compounds. From the optical properties it is clear that the geometry of the base-stacked conformation of ribo compounds must differ substantially from that of deoxy compounds. Because of this, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about the relative extent of stacking in most ribo and deoxy compounds. The optical rotatory dispersion of about a dozen deoxy and ribodinucleoside phosphates has been studied as a function of temperature. These results confirmed the conclusions drawn earlier from measurements at a single temperature. Several dinucleoside phosphates containing a 2′ → 5′ phosphodiester bond have also been examined. These compounds have a substantial degree of base stacking at room temperature. The geometry of the stacked conformation is different from that of either the normal ribo dimer or the deoxy dimer. The role of the 2′-hydroxyl group in stabilizing base stacked geometries has been examined by studies on C-2′-O-methyl-pC. This compound has optical properties almost identical to those of CpC. This suggests that the effect of the 2′ hydroxyl is felt indirectly through its perturbation of the geometry of the sugar ring rather than directly by hydrogen bonding. It is not possible at present to identify precise conformational differences among deoxy-, ribo-and 2′ → 5′ ribodinucleoside phosphates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1119-1124 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The preparation of L-lysine peptides (Lysn, n = 2-14) from polyL-lysine is described. Fractionation by ion-exchange column chromatography of poly-L-lysine hydrolysates on a preparative scale resulted in 0.2-1.0 g quantities of individual members of the poly-L-lysine series. The peptides isolated proved to be analytically pure and the optical configuration was fully retained, as demonstrated by complete enzymic digestion. Peptides higher than n = 14 were also prepared. They consisted of oligolysine groups of narrow and accurately determined size distribution. Potentiometric titrations were used both to characterize the products and to demonstrate the characteristic dependence of the dissociation constants on size of the peptide.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 549-561 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The rate of double helix formation by single stranded Poly A plus Poly U, Poly I plus Poly C, Poly G plus Poly C, and T2 DNA has been investigated as a function of both the length of the reacting strands and temperature. The length dependence of the rate is found to be independent of temperature. All of the reactions studied show a rate approximately proportional to the square root of the length of the shorter of the complementary strands. At or about 30°C below the melting temperature the ribopolymers react with about the same rate. This rate is four to five times slower than DNA renaturation rates. The effect of temperature on ribopolymer reaction rates is interpreted in terms of a steady-state model for helix propagation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 653-659 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: NMR spectra of cyclo(tri-L-prolyl), c-(P)3, show large shifts of the Hα resonance on adding C6D6 to a solution of c-(P)3 in CD2Cl2. CPK models and observed coupling constants indicate a rigid c-(P)3 conformation, independent of solvent composition, suggesting that these shifts result from formation of stereospecific C6D6-c-(P)3 collision complexes in which the c-(P)3 Hα lie near the face of the aromatic ring. The temperature dependence of the Hα shifts and the solvent dependent shifts observed on adding toluene-d8 or nitrobenzene-d5 to the c-(P)3 solution suggest that preferred C6D6-c-(P)3 orientations result from attractive interactions between the electron-rich aromatic ring and the electropositive Hα's and/or δ+ nitrogen atoms in the peptide backbone. Reports of such interactions in increasingly diverse peptide model systems suggest that they may play a role in stabilizing protein structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 835-847 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermal denaturation of native or partially dehistonized nucleohistones shows two melting bands at 66 and 81° in 2.5 × 10-4 M EDTA, pH 8.0. These correspond to the melting of DNA segments bound by the less basic and the more basic half-molecules of histones, respectively. These two melting bands combine into a broad melting band from around 70 to 85° when these nucleohistones are pre-treated with formaldehyde. A formaldehyde reaction which fixes histones on DNA by covalent bonds account for the effect. Formaldehyde fixation also increases the melting temperature of some free DNA segments from around 42 to around 55°. This is interpreted as a result of closed or rigid boundaries between free DNA and formaldehyde-reacted histone-bound DNA segments. MgCl2 dissociates histones from DNA more effectively and leaves longer free DNA segments than does NaCl. Thermal denaturation of a formaldehyde-reacted nucleoprotein thus provides an effective tool for comparing the relative size of free DNA regions on nucleoproteins. The effect of reversible binding of ligands on helix-coil transition of DNA is descussed and found not adequate for thermal denaturation of nucleohistones.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 899-912 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The isometric tensile stress generation observed when collagen fibers are immersed in aqueous solutions of lithium bromide ranging in molar concentration up to 7 was studied at 23°C. The reverse process, namely, isometric stress relaxation of the fiber occurring by subsequent immersion in distilled water, was also studied. We find that the data in the region of LiBr concentration up to about 2.5 moles/liter are adequately represented by a superposition integral \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \sigma (t) = \int_{ - \infty }^\infty {K(t - \tau )} \frac{{dc(\tau )}}{{d\tau }}\,d\tau $$\end{document} where σ(t) is the time-dependent stress generated by the collagen fiber held at fixed length, c(t) is the history of LiBr molar concentration, and K(t) is the isometric contractility function, expressed as stress per unit salt concentration. We conclude that, within a limited range of salt concentration, a collagen fiber in a LiBr bath behaves as if it were a linear, time-invariant system defined mechanochemically by a single function K(t) which depends on the structural characteristics of the fiber while being independent of salt concentration. An analysis is presented of isometric mechanochemical data obtained under conditions of equilibrium by other workers who studied the behavior of collagen fibers in aqueous solutions either of urea, LiBr, or KCNS. The analysis shows that these independent (equilibrium) data confirm the linarity of the relation between isometric contractile stress and salt concentration on which our superposition integral representation is based. We also find that the asymptotic (infinite-time) value of the isometric stress is linearly related to the chemical potential of the salt as well, in agreement with the equilibrium thermodynamic treatment of mechanochemical processes by Katchalsky and Oplatka.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 937-949 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A general theory of polyelectrolyte solutions is here used to calculate the differences in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy between the coil and helix forms of DNA at any temperature and salt concentration. The salt has univalent cations and is assumed present in excess over the base concentration. The results are restricted to sufficiently dilute solutions. It is shown that the salt concentrations effect is entirely entropic in origin. When applied to the melting temperature, the calculations yield a relation between the enthalpy difference at the melting temperature and the slope of the plot of melting temperature vs. the logarithm of the salt concentration. In accord with observation, both the Gibbs free energy difference at any fixed temperature and the melting temperature are predicted to be linear functions of the log of the salt concentration.However, the theory is not in quantitative agreement with enthalpy data. Data on various colligative and transport properties of both helix and coil forms are reviewed in the text and in Appendix B, and good agreement is found with theory for both forms. No attempt is made to explain why the theory is quantitative for these properties but not for heat measurements.Finally, in Appendix A, an approximate calculation is made of the free energy contributions due to ionic effects not associated with the salt concentration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1001-1020 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: High-molecular-weight poly-L-alanine dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol exhibits infrared, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion spectra which are unique and unlike any other previously reported polypeptide spectra. Strong evidence that a helical conformation is present is shown by the high degree of hypochromism in the 187mμ absorption peak and by the positions of the amide infrared bands. The CD and ORD spectra are also similar to those of α-helical polypeptides, though important qualitative and qualitative differences are observed. To explain the novel spectra, which are not mixtures of the spectra of previously reported polypeptide conformations, a new α-helix-like conformation is proposed. The postulated conformation (a doubly hydrogen-bonded helix) is a distorted α-helix in which the peptide carbonyl groups point slightly out from the helix axis and are hydrogen bonded simul taneously both to the NH of the fourth peptide residue to the carboxyl terminal side (as in the classical α-helix), as well as to a solvent molecule's hydroxyl hydrogen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1091-1102 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Circular dichriosm (CD) spectra have been calculated for serveral dinucleoside phosphates using a variant of the Pariser-Parr-Pople π-electron molecular orbital method. This method does not require the prior knowledge of the experimental absorption spectra of transition moments of the bases forming the dinucleoside phosphates. Calculated spectra were obtained in good agreement with experimental spectra for four dinucleoside phosphates, ApA, UpU, GpA, and UpA, and reasonable agreement was obtained for ApG and ApU. The effect of changing conformation on the CD spectrum was studied for ApA, UpU, UpA, and ApU; the spectra of UpU, UpA, and ApU were sensitive to small change in conformation, whereas ApA was insensitive over the range of conformation studied. Further studies await detailed knowledge of the structure of dinucleoside phosphates in solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1349-1360 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The influence of single-strand breaks on the kinetics of the relaxation of DNA in a solution of low ionic strength has been investigated by a temperature jump method. The relaxation of DNA after a jump of 0.7 °C in the melting region has been monitored by measuring the extinction at 260 nm. For essentially monodisperse T4 DNA (M = 130 × 106) two distinct relaxation times have been observed, that depend markedly on the initial extent of denaturation 1 - θ. The larger relaxation time decreases from 450 sec to about 300 sec, the smaller one from 55 see to 30 when 1 - θ increases from 0.03 to about 0.8. The dependence of these relaxation times on the average number of single-strand breaks per molecule (p) appears to be very small up to p = 100. However, the relative contribution of the slow process decreases sharply when p increases from 0.6 to 30 and remains nearly constant for larger p. The observations are discussed in the light recent theories of the kinetics of denaturation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1361-1372 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Measurements have been made of the intensity of light scattered from aqueous solutions of calf thymus DNA with and without the application of electric fields. For fields approaching 150 V/cm and frequencies below 2.5 KHz, changes (ΔI) of up to 10% in the residual scattered intensity were observed. In agreement with previous dielectric and electric birefringence measurements, a low frequency dispersion of ΔI was observed, from which a rotary diffusion constant (D) of 1200 s-1 was determined. Interpreting the electric field data in terms of the classical dipolar orientation theory led to values of 2.4 × 10-25 cm (7.4 × 10-14 esu) and 4.3 × 10-25 cm (13 × 10-14 esu) for the permanent dipole moment and the anisotropy of the electric polarisabilities respectively. Furthermore the permanent dipole moment was along the major molecular axis and the particles orientated in the field as rigid entities. The zero field data indicated a molecular shape which was not rodlike but corresponded to the Kratky-Porod “stiffness” parameter of x = 24 for the wormlike coil model. Although curved, the molecules appeared to orientate in low-intensity electric fields as rigid, but not rodlike molecules. The implications of this on recent discrepancies in D determined by two or more dynamic relaxation methods is briefly discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1391-1402 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The buoyant density of T-4 DNA was determined by equilibrium sedimentation in a density gradient, of mixed solutions of cesium and magnesium chlorides and bromides. The preferential hydration was calculated from these data, allowing appropriately for the exchange equilibrium of DNA with Cs+ and Mg++ ions. The charge and intrinsic solvation of the counterions were found to have no appreciable effect on the hydration of the DNA, the extent of solvation depending only on the thermodynamic, activity of the water. Various reasonable hypotheses are discussed to account for these results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1373-1389 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Reaction of 27 SMS2 RNA with formaldehyde normally results in an unfolded, 13.4 S form. At acidic pH, however, and under the proper ionic conditions, a compact component sedimenting at 36-40 S was obtained. The molecular weight of this species corresponds to a dinner. The formaldehyde concentration was not critical, and approximately the same number of base pairs had been opened in the compact and in the unfolded form. Presumably dimers, which had been specifically formed under defined conditions, were stabilized by formaldehyde-induced crosslinks. Similar dimers were formed by 16 S and by 23 S ribosomal RNA, but not by tRNA.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1259-1268 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The solvent-and pH-induced conformational changes are examined in order to investigate the influence of benzyl group. Polymer was prepared via N∊-benzyloxycarbonyl, N∊-benzyl-Nα-carboxy-L-lysine anhydride. The resulting poly (N∊-benzyloxycarbonyl, N∊-benzyl-L-lysine) was obtained in high yield and had a high molecular weight. The protected polymer was removed into poly (N∊-benzyl-L-lysine) by treating it with hydrogen bromide. From the results of the ORD and CD, the protected polymer has a righthanded α-helix, showing [m′]233 = -10,300, [θ]220 = -27,600 and [θ]207 = -25,100 in dioxane. The breakdown of the helical conformation is found to occur at 8% dichloroacetic acid in chloroform-dichloroacetic acid mixture. In the pH range 3.35-6.90, poly (N∊-benzyl-L-lysine) is in a random coil structure. In the pH range 7.50-13.0, the polypeptide has a right-handed α-helix structure; [m′]233 = -12,000, [0]220 = -27,200, and [0]207 = -27,000. In comparison with poly-L-lysine, the coil-to-helix transition is observed at lower pH range in 50% n-propanol. Above pH 8 by heating, the α ⇀ β transition of poly (N∊-benzyl-L-lysine) is not observed in an aqueous media.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1305-1310 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1499-1520 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A simple sequential model is developed which is applicable to the kinetics of melting of some types of oligomeric helices and as an idealization to the kinetics of unfolding of some protein molecules. A procedure is presented for calculating the concentrations of all conformational species as functions of time. The time course of experimentally observable quantities which depend on these concentrations may then be computed.One of the most characteristic features of the model is the distinction between a transient and a steady-state phase. During the latter all molecular parameters change at the same rate, which depends strongly on the difficulty of nucleation and the length of the sequence. Simple approximations to the steady-state rate are discussed in terms of the exact solution. Rates of transient processes dependless strongly on the rate of nucleation and the number of steps and are a more direct reflection of the rates of the rates of the elementary process of propagation. The value of experimental observation of transient process is emphasized.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1593-1605 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Far-infrared spectra were measured for the sequential copolymers of amino acids with alkyl group side chains. The analysis of the spectra showed that (L-Ala-L-Ala-Gly)n, (L-Ala-Gly)n, (L-Ala-Gly-Gly)n, (L-Val-L-Ala-L-Ala)n, and (L-Val-L-Ala)n, have the antiparallel pleated sheet structures and that the backbone conformations of (L-Val-L-Val-L-Ala)n and (L-Val-L-Val-Gly)n are the same as that of poly-L-valine. The far-infrared bands characteristic of the antiparallel pleated sheet structure were assigned on the basis of the result of the normal coordinate analysis of poly-L-alanine with this structure. The intersheet and interchain spacings of the sequential copolymers with the antiparallel pleated sheet structure were determined from the x-ray powder-diffraction patterns of these samples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1583-1592 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Circular dichroism spectra of acridine orange bound to E. coli tRNA were studied at varying tRNA phosphate-to-dye (P/D) ratios for both unfractionated and purified materials in the absence of Mg++. From the rather discrete features exhibited in the circular dichroism spectra three types of interactions were observed: (1) A high P/D ratio such as 75.2 or 49.8 indicates the interaction between the nucleotide base and dye molecule. The spectra with a large positive peak at 515 mμ are, however, quite different from that of DNA-AO complex under similar conditions. (2) With an intermediate P/D ratio (26.5 to 9.6) dye molecules bound strongly to the polynucleotide chain. (3) With low P/D ratios (≤7.5) the interaction appears to be due to the stacked dye molecules in the single-stranded part of tRNA. The spectra of the third group have an isobestic point at 477 mμ. Below a P/D ratio of 4 the spectrum shows one positive and two negative bands which may be the characteristics of circular dichroism of stacked dyes in polynucleotide chain.Although no drastic change in the conformation of tRNA itself was detectable in the presence of Mg++ in the ultraviolet region, a dramatic change was observed in the circular dichroism of tRNA-acridine orange complex when Mg++ concentration was increased to 10-3M. It was inferred that certain conformational changes other than simple hydrogen bond formation occured in tRNA molecules at this high Mg++ concentration, so that the amount of bound dye in the stacking condition was increased through the transition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1607-1612 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Poly (L-Prolyl-Glycyl-L-Prolyl), a polymer which resembles collagen by physical and immunochemical criteria, has been shown to serve as a substrate for the highly specific bacterial collagenase obtained from Clostridium histolyticum. The postulated reaction products Gly Pro, Gly Pro Pro, and Pro Gly Pro Pro have been isolated. The enzyme has been employed as an analytical tool in elucidating the sequence of synthesized polymers of proline and glycine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 39
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Apparent second-order rate constants for complex formation between poly (I) and poly (C) and copolymers of C containing non-complementary I or U residues have been determined spectrophotometrically. The rate constants decrease as the concentration of either I or U in the C strands increases-the effect seems insensitive to the species of residue involved, when differences in the thermal stabilities of the poly (I) poly (C,I) and poly (I). poly (C,U) complexes are taken into account. These results suggest that low concentrations of relatively stable defects can alter the apparent kinetic “complexity” of polynucleotides as determined by hybridization methods (C0t analysis).
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1661-1684 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: DNA which has been heat denatured in the presence of Cu++ ions can be completely and rapidly renatured by increasing the ionic strength of the solution above a critical value. A kinetic study of this renaturation recation was carried out by following the associated UV absorbance change and also by following the change in free Cu++ ion concentration by means of a specific Cu++ ion activity electrode. The data obtained could be fitted to first-order kinetics for a considerable extent of the reaction and the rate constant was found to increase with temperature and ionic strength, but to decrease markedly as the bulk viscosity of the solution was increased. At temperatures greater than 5°C the reaction rate depended on the time elapsing between denaturation and the commencement of the renaturation reaction. As there was good agreement between the rate constants obtained by following the decrease in hyperchromism and by following the increase in free Cu++ ion concentration, it is concluded that under the conditions employed, the rate of renaturation is determined by the rate of release of Cu++ ions from the denatured DNA-Cu++ complex.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1723-1744 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Conformational aspects of a series of copolymers of L-Leucine and L-leucine [poly-(LysxLeuy)] containing 0 to 0.41 mole fraction L-leucine have been studied by circular dichroism (CD) and potentiometric titration in 0.05M KF solution. CD studies on the α-helical conformation showed a dependence of the magnitude of the CD ellipticity band at 222 nm on copolymer composition; the [θ]222 decreasing with higher leucine contents. This was interpreted as the result of an increase of the hydrophobicity of the environment of the amide group due to the presence of the leucyl residues. Values of the Zimm-Rice parameter, σ, for the copolymers were obtained from the potentiometric titrations and used to fit theoretical curves to the experimental data. Using the variation of σ with polymer composition, a value of σ for the leucyl residue was estimated to be 6.3 × 10-2, assuming independence of σ on the amino acid sequence in the copolymer. The free energy change for the conversion of one mole residue from uncharged helix to uncharged coil, ΔGhc°, was also obtained from the titration data for each copolymer up to a leucine mole fraction of 0.16; a value of 385 cal mole-1 was estimated for ΔGhc° for a leucyl residue. These values for σ and ΔGhc° are compared with other values in the literature for various amino acid residues obtained from titration and melting curve data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 1745-1763 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Optical rotatory dispersion measurements were used to follow the transition from the helical to the random coil conformation of poly-β-benzyl-L-aspartate as induced by changes in temperature and solvent composition in mixtures of dioxane and dimethylsulfoxide. Within experimental error, there is no difference in the stability of the helical state as measured in this way for the protonated and deuterated forms of the polypeptide. This result is considered in terms of previous attempts to study the isotope effect on conformational transitions of helical biological macromolecules and polypeptides. The conclusion is drawn that the apparent changes in conformational stability observed in these previous systems arise from alteration of the properties of the solvent. Speculations are advanced regarding the contribution of the interpeptide bond to the stability of the helical state.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 43
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The helical structures of poly[(S)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid], in the cis and trans forms, were redetermined by using the new sets of bond angles and bond lengths established by X-ray diffraction analysis of L-thioproline. Calculations of the helical structures of poly-L-proline and poly[(S)-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid] were also repeated. As a result of these energy calculations, it is suggested that, in contrast to poly-L-proline and poly[(S)-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid], poly[(S)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid] should not mutarotate from the trans to the cis form. This result is due to the fact that the energy barrier for the conversion is most likely too high. Previous experimental work is consistent with this finding.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Measurements of optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and circular dichroism (CD) were made in the range of 400-205 nm for polysaccharide tribenzoates such as 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl amylose (I), 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl dextran (II), tri-O-benzoyl pullulan (III), 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl cellulose (IV), 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl mannan (V), and polyglycan dibenzoates such as 2,3,-di-O-benzoyl amylose (VI), cellulose (VII), and mannan (VIII). All compounds exhibit Cotton effects in the region of their UV absorption bands (206-285 nm).Comparison of the corresponding di- and tribenzoyl polysaccharides shows a qualitative agreement in number, position and sign of the CD bands but differences in ellipticity magnitude. The disubstituted derivatives exhibit smaller amplitudes than the trisubstituted ones. The contribution of the C(6) chromophore (linked by a CH2-group to the asymmetric C(5) atom) was determined to be of the same sign as the combined contribution of the C(2) and C(3) substituents.The CD bonds of the individual polysaccharide derivatives, which differ in number, sign, and position, were discussed in terms of the steric position of the single chromophores and the steric arrangement and interaction caused by the configuration of the polysaccharides. The optical behavior of these polysaccharide derivatives was found to be not strongly influenced by a definite chain conformation in solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 45
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The influence of the substituents upon the Amide I and νNH frequencies has been analyzed for ten amides substituted by aliphatic side chains. By considering the aliphatic chain field effect, some data are obtained as to the conformation of the N—Cα bond. In two amides, the presence of an equilibrium between two conformers is shown and a semiquantitative estimation of the energies involved is obtained. The consequences for polypeptides conformation, especially for poly-L-valine, are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2079-2090 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The effect of dielectric constant (D) of the solvent on the viscosity of heparin was examined using the relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \eta _{{\rm sp}} /c = [\eta ]_\infty (1 + k/\sqrt c) $\end{document}, where [η]∞ is the shielded intrinsic viscosity obtained by extrapolating \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \eta _{{\rm sp}} /c\,{\rm vs}{\rm . }\,1/\sqrt c ) $\end{document} to infinite concentration, and k is an interaction parameter independent of the dielectric constant of the solvent. This equation was previously reported by the authors9 for describing the reduced viscosities of strong polyelectrolytes in salt-free polar solvents. It was found that the [η]∞ of heparin increases linearly with increasing dielectric constant of the solvent whereas the k values were, within experimental error, independent of D in the range 54.7 〈 D 〈 93.2 examined. Graded hydrolysis of heparin from its acid form (heparinic acid) at 57°C resulted in samples of varying degree of desulfation with corresponding decrease in biological activity. It was found that both [η]∞ and k decrease with increasing desulfation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2171-2177 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Density gradient analysis of purified lambda phage particles after storage reveals that minor species with new banding desities arise during storage. These have densities expected for phage-ghost clusters containing integra rations of ghosts to phage particles. A lage numbersof new banding species has been observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2191-2194 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2223-2231 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The high-humidity X-ray pattern of oriented fibers prepared from salmon spermheads strongly resembles that of DNA in the B form. However, the nucleoprotamine pattern has a more intense first layer line and increased lateral unit-cell dimensions.Complexes of DNA with poly-L-lysine and poly-L-arginine were prepared and photographed at various relative humidities. The most crystalline patterns were obtained at 92% and also indicate DNA in the B form. However, whereas polylysine-DNA, like the spermheads, has a primitive hexagonal cell, polyarginine-DNA, like NaDNA, has three molecules in the unit cell. Polylysine-DNA, but not polyarginine-DNA, also resembles spermheads in having a strong first layer line.All three complexes show increasing intermolecular distance with increasing humidity, but with sharp maxima when photographed in water, which indicates cross-linking between the molecules. Lowering the humidity causes the polylysine-DNA, but not polyarginine-DNA, to change conformation from the B to the C form.The structural implications of these results are discussed in the light of model-building studies and a comparison of calculated and observed X-ray intensities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2233-2240 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The pH, temperature, and reagent concentration dependences of the cyanuration of tyrosines within proteins are compared with those of the free amino acid. The results indicate that the mechanism of the cyanuration reaction is a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the SN2 type, where the tyrosine oxygen acts as a nucleophile and the displacement takes places at a carbon atom which is part of the six-membered ring of the s-triazene. This reaction must compete with the hydrolysis of cyanuric fluoride in aqueous media. These competing reactions generate curves for the pH dependence of the reactivity of tyrosine with cyanuric fluoride whihc vary in a predictable manner with the extent of ionization of tyrosine and the concentration of cyanuric fluoride. In the case of proteins, the dependence of the degree of tyrosine reactivity on pH and temperature within the pH range of full reactivity of the free amino acid reflects constraints imposed by the microenvironment of these groups within the three-dimensional structure of the macromolecule.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2197-2221 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Serum albumin undergoes a conformational change at pH 4, known as the N-F transition. In the customary Linderstrøm-Lang treatment of hydrogen ion titration, the carboxyl groups in serum albumin either have an abnormally low pK, or are buried in charged form, and the Linderstrøm-Lang charging parameter ω decreases dramatically at the N-F isomerization. In the present paper partition functions are derived and distribution functions are calculated for a model permitting salt bonding between the positively and negatively charged sites on a macromolecule. The N-form has an abnormally high salt bonding constant whereas that of the F-form corresponds to that of small ions. The result obtained is consistent with a “normal” intrinsic pK of the carboxyl groups of serum albumin without burying of any charges and with an unchanged ω. The nature of the postulated salt bonding is discussed.Further, it is shown that the “abnormal salt bonding” of serum albumin can explain its unusual ability to bind anions. Theoretical binding curves are calculated and compared with literature data of the Cl- binding of serum albumin. The relation of the present model to other models of hydrogen ion and anion binding to proteins is discussed. Some additional consequences of the present model are pointed out; a transition in the alkaline range, analogous to the acid transition, seems probable. Literature data support the existence of such a transition but do not allow detailed calculations at present.A general, thermodynamic treatment of the interactions between small ligands and macromolecules is outlined. Important points are the choice of the statistical-me- chanical ensemble and considerations of the fluctuations about the mean bonding, if (i) there are not only a ligand-locus interaction but also interligand interactions (in par- ticular intdigand attraction), or (ii) there is a conformational change in themacromole- cule depending on the ligand binding. In these cases, the binding isotherms obtained from thermodynamically closed systems (canonical ensemble) may erroneously indicate a distribution about a single probability maximum, i.e., the statistical mean binding N̄, and fluctuations about this value. The description of a phase change in a bound phase or a change in the “internal” self-interactions of a macromolecule requires a bind- ing equation permitting distributions about two maxima, i.e., (i) N1* 〈 N̄ (“thin” phase) and N2* 〉 N̄ (“condensed” phase) or (ii) two macromolecular conformations P′, and P″, having occupancy numbers N̄, and N̄2, respectively. The N-F transition is an example illustrating the relation between the complete distribution functions and the two-state approximation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 493-507 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Three samples of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate have been prepared from γ-benzyl-N-carboxy-L-glutamate anhydride with n-hexylamine initiation at anhydride-to-initiator molar ratios, [A]/[I], of 3, 4, and 8, and their conformation and association in ethylene dichloride and dioxane have been investigated by means of infrared spectra and vapor-pressure osmometry. Two conformations, σ-and β-forms, are present in those solvents, and the content of β-form increases with increasing A/I value and concentration. At infinite dilution molecular association is absent, but the number-average molecular weight increases with cocentration, markedly in ethylene dichloride and, to a lesser extent, in dioxane. The fraction of residues involved in associated molecules have been estimated as a function of concentration. Combination of the content of β-structure with the fraction of association leads to the following results. The A/I 3 and 4 polymers form intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded aggregates, in which hydrogen-bonded residues are in the β-structure. The A/I 8 polymer has the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded β-structure at very low concentrations, but it also forms intermolecularly hydrogen-bonded aggregates at high concentrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 527-528 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 587-605 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Dielectric studies have been carried out for the helix-coil transition of poly-β-benzyl-L-aspartate with m-cresol as a solvent. The transition of the solute molecules has been sharply reflected as a characteristic change in the dielectric dispersion curves in changing temperature. Two polarizations, one having a low and the other a high critical frequency, have appeared. According to theoretical considerations of a model of a broken helix, the former is found to come from the orientation. of helical sequences and the latter from the chemical relaxation due to the helix-coil transition. It also seems likely that the unfolded chain may have a polarizability which could not be neglected at the high-temperature side of the transition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Circular Dichroism measurements have been carried out on poly-L-lysine (PLL) and on random copolymers of lysine and phenylalanine at various pH values and in the presence of different amounts of NaClO4. The results indicate that either the homopolymer or the copolymers at pH conditions at which the side-chain amino groups are fully protonated, assume the right-handed α-helical conformation in the presence of NaClO4. The results are interpreted in terms of specific binding of ClO4- ions on charged side-chain amino groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 667-678 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Thermal denaturation of DNA's and the corresponding helix-coil transformation of artificial polyribonucleic and polydeoxyribonucleic acids have been studied extensively both theoretically1-13 and experimentally. 14-30 Much less work has been carried out on the properties of these polynucleic acids at high pressure, and in particular, on the presure dependence of the helix-coil transition temperature.31-33 Light-scattering techniques have been used in this study to measure the pressure dependence of the helix-coil transition temperature of the two- and three-stranded helices of polyriboadenylic and polyribouridilic acids and of calf thymus DNA. From the slopes of the transition temperature vs. pressure curves and heats of transition obtained from the literature,20,34 the following volume changes from these helix-coil transitions have been obtained: (a) -0.96 cc/mole of nucleotide base pairs for the poly (A + U) transition, (b) +0.35 cc/mole of nucleotide base trios for the poly (A + 2U) transition, and (c) +2.7 cc/mole of nucleotide base pairs for the DNA transition. The relative magnitudes and signs of these volume changes which show that poly (A + U) is destabilized by increased pressure, whereas poly (A + 2U) and calf thymus DNA are stabilized by increased pressure, indicates that further development of the helix-coil transition theory for polynucleotides is needed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 735-735 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 745-759 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Helix-coil transition curves are calculated for poly (dA) poly(dT) and poly (dA-dT) poly (dA-dT) using the integral equation approach of Goel and Montroll.5 The transitions are described by the loop entropy model with the exponent of the loop entropy factor, k, remaining an arbitrary constant. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental transition curves of the two polymers. Results indicate that the stacking energies for these two polymers differ by about 1 kcal/mole of base pairs. Also, a fit between theory and experiment was not possible for k 〉 1.70.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The circular dichroism spectra of many natural DNAs and double-stranded synthetic polynucleotides were obtained. The eight first-neighbor contributions to the CD spectra of a DNA have been extracted from these data. Therefore, the CD spectrum for any DNA with known first-neighbor frequencies may be easily calculated. For a natural DNA the CD spectrum may be approximated by assuming the first-neighbor frequencies have the most probable values consistent with the base composition. Under favorable conditions, the measured CD spectrum can be used to determine thirteen of the sixteen first-neighbor frequencies of a DNA to ± 0.02 mole percent. The TG, CA, and TA first-neighbor cannot be unambiguously resolved by our method. The accuracy of the first-neighbor frequency analysis depends on the number of different first-neighbors present in the DNA and the extent to which they differ from the most probable value.The extinction coefficient at 260 nm and the base composition can also be calculated from the CD spectrum.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 154-161 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 162-163 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 164-164 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 167-174 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 197-198 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 69-73 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 113-121 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 128-131 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 26-32 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 44-50 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 51-54 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 35-36 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 55-60 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 61-62 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 63-63 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 4 (1970), S. 63-64 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 31-31 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 32-33 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 94-98 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 101-111 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 122-127 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 132-132 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 164-164 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 6 (1972), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 445-457 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The change in apparent molal volume φ of DNA on thermal denaturation in carbonate buffer at pH 11.0 has been determined by the dilatometric method. It was found that φ increases sigmoidally during the helix-coil transition. Several methods, including a colorimetric technique that closely simulates the conditions used in the dilatometric experiments, were employed to estimate the protons lost by the DNA during the transition. These measurements indicated that the extent of the proton loss depends on the counterion present, increasing in the order Li+ 〈 Na+ 〈 K+ 〈 Cs+. The major part of the volume changes observed during the denaturation is due to the volume changes expected to accompany the transfer of protons from the bases guanine and thym ne to carbonate ions. As has been previously reported for the denaturation of DNA at neutral pH, the volume change directly due to the change in shape of the polymer molecules is so small as to be experimentally undetectable.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 569-588 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The coupling of theoretical optical calculations with experimental data provides a check of the validity of the theory or provides conformational information. The theory was validated by studies in which the approximate conformation was located independently. These studies have shown that a theory restricted to the two lowest energy transitions for each chromophore gives qualitative agreement with experiment. On the other hand, for some of the proline derivatives, the theoretical treatment allows detailed conformational assignments. Both successes and failures in correlating theory with experiment are discussed. The results presented provide a basis for assessing the prospects for relating protein and polypeptide optical activity to their conformations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Ethidium bromide inhibits the formation of ultraviolet-induced pyrimidine dimers in DNA. The efficiency of dimer inhibition increases with increasing energy of the exciting photons. The efficiency of energy transfer from the DNA singlet to the dye singlet, as monitored by sensitized fluorescence, is independent of wavelength. The efficiency of singlet-singlet transfer agrees with that for dimer inhibition at photon energies corresponding to excitation of the lowest singlet state of DNA. Our results support a model in which dimers are formed both directly from the singlet state and also from the triplet state, with triplets arising from higher vibrational levels of the singlet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 689-696 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The intercalation model of DNA-hydrocarbon binding appears reasonable, but rests on indirect evidence only. To test the model, a size criterion for binding has been proposed. The size criterion is based on the assumption that hydrophobic forces play a major role in the binding of hydrocarbons to DNA. It states that hydrocarbons which are small enough to intercalate into DNA and be well protected from contact with the medium, will be found to bind to DNA; those that are too large will not. We report results on the binding of fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to DNA. Predictions based on the size criterion were found to be valid in all cases tested.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 697-715 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The dialysis data of Huang and Ts'o for the cooperative binding of adensine to polyuridylic acid are analyzed here using a grand-partition function Ising model method similar to that originally employed for polyelectrolytes by Rice and Nagasawa. An appropriate modification permitting the treatment of the sliding degeneracy of the two polyuridylic acid strands is also included. In addition to the previously estimated stacking energy of about -6 kcal/mole one also obtains the free energy change F̄ for the transfer of a single adenosine molecule from a fixed site in solution to a fixed site on the polyuridylic acid. This binding energy falls in the range F̄ = -140 to +620 cal/mole, indicating that binding in the 1:2 (purine: pyrimidine) complex is either very weak or repulsive. The absence of any comparable cooperative stacking of adenosines in solution at the same concentration together with the likely repulsive character of the binding implies that the stacking energy must contain a significant contribution from other processes than simple stacking of adenosines. A generalization of the theory to treat multicomponent binding and longer-range interactions is effected, and the form applicable to simultaneous binding of both adenosine and guanosine by polyuridylic acid is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 739-744 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The present communication describes a new way of studying helix-random coil transformations of polypeptide, poly-(γ-benzyl L-glutamate), in benzene-trifluoracetic acid (TFA) and chloroform-TFA systems. The difference between the PMR chemical shift of TFA with and without the polypeptide, measured as Δ, may be used to follow the conformational transition. This technique is particularly useful for concentrated solutions, where the PMR peaks of the polymer are so broad that no valuable information may be derived. As the TFA content increases in the system (at constant polymer concentration), Δ decreases normally whether the polymer is helical or random. However, Δ changes in a different way in the helix-random coil transition region, and actually increases with increasing TFA content. This peculiar behavior is explained in terms of the solvation of the helix and random coil structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 745-748 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 717-738 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new procedure for evaluating u and σ characterizing σ-helix-forming polypeptides in solution was derived from Nagai's theory for the helix-coil transition of such polymers. Here u is the activity for helix formation from random coil, and σ is the helix initiation parameter. The necessary data are the helical content fN at fixed solvent and temperature as a function of N, where N is the degree of polymerization of the polypeptide sample. Such data were obtained from ORD measurements on a number of fractionated samples of poly-N5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-glutamine (PHPG) in mixtures of water and methanol covering the complete range of composition and at various termperatures (5-40°C). When analyzed in terms of the proposed procedure, they yielded values of σ which were in the range (3.2 ± 0.6) × 10-4, substantially independent of solvent composition and temperature. These values were much larger than those obtained recently for σ of poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) in m-cresol and in a mixture of chloroform and DCA. The data for [η] and s0 (limiting sedimentation coefficient) as functions of molecular weight indicated that the molecular shape of PHPG in pure methanol is essentially rodlike, whereas that in pure water is not entirely randomly coiled but rather may be regarded as an interrupted helix. These indications were consistent with the results from ORD measurements. When plotted against the corresponding values of fN, the values of [η] and [s0] for PHPG in mixtures of water and methanol of various compositions and temperatures formed smooth composite curves, and we attributed these phenomena to the fact that σ of PHPG was nearly constant under these solvent conditions. Here [s0] stands for a reduced limiting sedimentation coefficient which is equal to the inverse friction factor of the solute molecule.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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