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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Deutschland
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969  (254)
  • 1968  (254)
Sammlung
Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979
  • 1965-1969  (254)
Jahr
  • 101
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Fibroblasts transformed by oncogenic viruses were found to have greater enzymic activities of four membrane glycoprotein:glycosyl transferases on a cell or protein basis then two non-transformed fibroblastic lines. These enzymes are responsible for the synthesis of membrane glycoproteins; each of the four transferases studied, the polypeptide:N-acetylgalactosaminyl, glycoprotein:galactosyl, fetuin:fucosyl and PSM:fucosyl transferases, was more than twice as active in the transformed cell lines using both endogenous and added receptor. The most pronounced differences occurred with the doubly (SV-PY-3T3) transformed fibroblasts in all cases; with the N-acetylgalactosaminyl and galactosyl transferases the increase was 8-16 fold over the non-transformed cells. It was demonstrated that these results do not arise from a changed level of glycosidase activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The effect of external divalent cation salt solutions upon the association of an action potential and cessation of cytoplasmic streaming in Nitella was studied. Nitella cells remained excitable when immersed in solutions of CaCl2, MgCl2, BaCl2, and SrCl2. Cessation of streaming coincident with excitation occurred in solutions of CaCl2 or SrCl2 but not in solutions of MgCl2 or BaCl2. In cells exposed to solutions containing mixtures of MgCl2 and CaCl2, or MgCl2 and SrCl2, it was the [Ca]/[Mg] or [Sr]/[Mg] which determined the effect of an action potential upon the rate of streaming, rather than the absolute concentrations Ca++ or Sr++. The implications of these data are discussed with respect to the structure involved in the generation of cytoplasmic streaming and the relation of streaming to other types of biological motion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 173-183 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The pyrimidine requirements for growth of T. pyriformis and for reversal of the growth inhibition caused by folate deprivation have been studied. The effects of thymidine and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine have been shown to be quantitatively different from the effects of these compounds on growth and the rate of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells. Labelled nucleosides added to the medium have been found to be converted to the corresponding bases with the exception of deoxycytidine, which is first deaminated to deoxyuridine. As a result no deoxynucleosides other than thymidine specifically label DNA.The results allow deductions to be made concerning the enzymes involved in pyrimidine utilization by this organism. It is suggested that pyrimidine utilization is always channeled through uracil in the case of those compounds that can supply the pyrimidine requirement for growth.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The probability of a colony which originated as a single stem cell to become extinct due to differentiation of all of its stem cells in any generation is closely connected to stem cell self renewal probability p. p can be determined from the coefficient of variation of the colony numbers received by reinjecting single colonies of the same age. Whole spleens containing a known average colony number can also be used with advantage for this purpose. The results of both procedures indicate a stem cell self renewal probability p =0.62 ± 0.04, which does not change significantly between the sixth and the fourteenth day of colony development, and an extinction probability ω = 0.63 ± 0.12.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 247-249 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Rat bone marrow cells were seeded as mass cultures or for cloning together with inducer required for colony formation, and at various times after seeding, the cells were re-seeded for cloning either with or without inducer. The results indicate that the development of both macrophage (M) and granulocyte (G) colonies requires a continued supply of the inducer. No M or G colonies were produced when the inducer was replaced by erythropoietin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. vii 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 19-34 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cytodifferentiation of skeletal muscle has been studied in cell cultures derived from leg muscle of 12-day chicken embryos. Myogenesis in cell culture closely simulates myogenesis in vivo, but is more highly synchronized. Massive cell fusion occurs in control cultures between the second and third days in vitro, during which time most of the myoblasts are swept into syncytia. On successive days, the syncytia mature into cross-striated muscle fibers, and the cultures are progressively overgrown by fibroblastic cells. Myosin-containing cells can be detected at any time by immunofluorescence, and myosin has been measured by quantitative immunological precipitation as early as 3 days in vitro, a few hours after fusion. Myosin in the cultures increases over the next few days, and this is reflected in the rate of incorporation of labeled amino acids into immunologically precipitable myosin. Creatine kinase, assayed spectrophotometrically by linked dehydrogenase reactions, shows a similar pattern: measurable early but rapidly increasing in activity after fusion. That this increase in myosin and creatine kinase is strictly a function of the multinuclear cells is demonstrated by experiments in which the mononuclear cell population has been drastically reduced by treatment with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine shortly after fusion. Myosin synthesis has not been detectable in cells prevented from fusing by growth in 5-bromo-deoxyuridine, but low levels of creatine kinase have been demonstrated. Newly formed muscle fibers incorporate precursors into RNA at lower rates than do mononuclear cells. The relationship of this change in RNA synthesis to the formation of muscle proteins remains obscure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The process of vitellogenesis in oviparous vertebrates embraces a number of integrated physiological and developmental phenomena. Since this process is readily subjected to experimental control in Xenopus laevis, we have been able to undertake a preliminary survey of the pertinent mechanisms operating in this animal.The information at hand is discussed as it relates to (a) the hormonal (estrogen) induction of yolk protein synthesis by the liver, (b) the characterization of the yolk protein produced and its relationship to the proteins of the mature egg, (c) the transport of the yolk protein to the ovary and its specific uptake by the developing oocyte, and (d) the transformation of the accumulated protein into crystalline yolk platelets.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 129-144 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Because its differentiation can be channeled into different pathways, amphibian gastrula ectoderm is a convenient test system for studying factors that control embryonic differentiation. 1Chemical nature of inducing factors: A substance that induces muscle and notochord in ectoderm has been isolated from chick embryos and other sources. The factor is protein in nature (mol. wt. in 6 m urea 25,000--30,000). Neural tissue is induced by a crude ribonucleoprotein fraction. Purified RNA has only a very weak inducing activity. The inducing factors are preferentially located in cytoplasmic particles.2Mechanism of action: Embryonic induction has to be considered as a derepression. Preliminary experiments have shown that a high-molecular-weight, water-soluble substance takes part in the inhibition of mesodermal differentiation. The inhibition of differentiation is released by the inducing factors. A close relationship between differentiation and RNA synthesis has been revealed by experiments with actinomycin D (0.5--2.5 μg/ml), which inhibits RNA synthesis. If RNA synthesis is completely stopped in the gastrula stage, the mesodermal area, which is already determined to differentiate into muscle and notochord, still forms some notochordal cells and myoblasts. The differentiation of neural tissue, however, is completely inhibited. DNA-RNA hybridization experiments at the saturation level suggest that new messenger RNA species are synthesized if differentiation proceeds. But this does not exclude that the inducing factors exert control primarily at the level of translation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 213-219 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 109-120 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A sulfated glycosaminoglycan has been isolated from the acid-soluble fraction of an established line of Chinese hamster fibroblasts grown in suspension culture. This material has a molecular weight between 5000 and 10,000, contains equimolar amounts of hexosamine and uronic acid (orcinol method), and about 0.6 sulfate groups per hexosamine residue. About 80% of the sulfate groups are N-sulfates on the basis of lability of the sulfate and the formation of equivalent numbers of free amino groups upon mild acid hydrolysis. The material is completely resistant to testicular hyaluronidase but is degraded to reducing monosaccharides and small oligosaccharides upon treatment with lyophilized cells of Flavobacterium heparinum that were grown on heparin. It is thought, therefore, to be related to the known N-sulfated glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparitin sulfate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 161-163 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Human diploid cell strains develop progressively higher levels of specific catalase activity as they grow. Following subculture activity falls again. A diploid cell strain heterozygous for the gene for acatalasia I (acatalasemia) was found to develop specific catalase activity at proportionately the same rate as normal cell strains. Yet the mutant gene reduced the absolute level of specific catalase activity which the culture attained at any given point in time. In this respect the heterozygous acatalasia I strain resembles the homozygous acatalasia II strain previously reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 114
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: It was shown previously that the specific catalase activity of human diploid cell strains falls immediately after subculture and then progressively rises in an exponential fashion. In this paper evidence is presented suggesting that the rise in catalase activity cannot be due to an accumulation within the cell of a small molecule which enhances enzyme activity in cell-free extracts. It is also shown that activity per cell, as well as per unit cell protein, rises as the culture grows.The rate of fall of specific catalase activity immediately after subculture is greater if the cells are at a low population density than if they are at a high one. The rate of fall can be made more sharp by increasing the frequency with which the cultures are fed.It is shown that used medium, which has previously been incubated with cultured cells of the same strain, does not significantly change either the rate of fall of specific catalase activity following subculture, or the rate of its subsequent rise. It is postulated, as one possibility, that the cells liberate into the medium an enhancer of cell catalase activity which is highly labile. The steady state concentration of this enhancer in the medium might be expected to increase as the culture grew, but to decrease when the cells are subcultured into fresh medium or when the frequency of feedings is increased.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Erythropoietic activity of spleen cell grafts was measured (Fe59 uptake) in X-irradiated recipient mice under conditions in which these grafts were engaged in homograft reactions against allogeneic target cells or in graft-versus-host reactions. Such Fe59 incorporation was greatly reduced at 7 to 10 days after graft implantation relative to that of control grafts. This reduced erythropoiesis did not occur when the spleen cell graft was immunologically incompetent. Transplantation of bone marrow-lymph node cell mixtures also resulted in a relative decline in Fe59 uptake, but only when minimal numbers (105 to 106) of marrow cells were injected. The incorporation of I125 UdR in the spleen of irradiated recipients was used to assess cellular proliferation. Incorporation of this label was reduced when measured 7-10 days after implantation of the lympho-hemopoietic cell graft, but reached a peak at five days - the latter indicating stimulated lymphopoiesis. These data are consistent with the concept of depletion of a pluripotent stem cell pool (limited in size under these experimental conditions) due to excessive and concurrent functional demands for erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis. An alternative explanation would involve cytotoxic effects on hemopoietic elements present in the milieu of the immunologic reaction.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The periodic mating behavior of some stocks of Paramecium aurelia, syngen 3, exhibits features typical of circadian rhythms. In the most extensively studied stock (37p), rhythmicity persists at least four days in continuous darkness, but disappears rapidly in continuous illumination (200 foot-candles). The period of the free-running rhythm is 22.2 hours, and relatively insensitive to ambient temperature. Cycles of illumination and temperature can regulate the mating rhythm. Changes in illumination at specified times in the circadian cycle will induce shifts in the phase of the rhythm. Stock differences with respect to the persistence of the rhythm and the environmental control of its phase have been observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. vii 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Differential equations have been written and solved to describe the concentration gradients for the two hydra growth factors. The equations consider diffusion, catabolism and synthesis of the materials based primarily on the model of hydra growth described by A. L. Burnett. Concentration gradient profiles were obtained which correspond with the concentration gradients deduced from experimental evidence. It has also been possible to show that in areas of high mitotic rate, mitotic rate is related to the calculated concentration ratio of the two growth factors (stimulator/inhibitor). However, the correspondence of mitotic rate to growth factor concentration ratio does not hold for extreme values of the ratio indicating that very high and very low concentration ratios are not conductive to mitotic activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 119
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Exogenous ATP can induce a marked cell enlargement in TA3 tumor cells which can be reversed or prevented by Ca and Mg. This regulatory effect on cell volume is specific for ATP. The mechanism probably involves changes in cell ionic content.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 120
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Foreign plasma injection induces a profound and somewhat complex change in the size and location of the colony forming unit (CFU) cell compartment. Injection of foreign plasma before irradiation induces an increase in CFU cells as judged by endogenous colonies as well as by a modification of the endogenous method which excludes spleen colony formation from in situ spleen cells. However, the enlargement does not take place in the most populous CFU cell areas, the spleen and marrow. The concentration and/or total number of CFU cells in spleen and marrow was not increased by plasma injection whether judged by the number of transplantable cells or by the number of migrating endogenous cells.These studies emphasize the complexity of this cellular system and suggest that the use of but one type of stem cell assay may yield results which do not reflect changes within the total compartment. Evidence for cell damage in vitro as a factor influencing results in studies involving transplantation was searched for but was not forthcoming.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 39-42 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The cytological effects of 2 mM hydroxyurea upon Chinese hamster cells at various phases of the cell cycle were examined. Cells in the G1, G2, or M phases of the generation cycle treated with hydroxyurea showed no chromosomal aberrations. Cell treated in S phase became moribund and eventually lysed. Some of these moribund S cells reached mitosis much later and were found to have chromatid aberrations. Cells in the log phase of growth, surviving exposure to 2 mM hydroxyurea for six hours, also showed no aberrations. Thus, viable (colony-forming) cells, resulting from synchrony procedures with hydroxyurea are free of chromosomal aberrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 97-107 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: An investigation of the physiological effects of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) on exponentially growing yeast cells is reported. RNA, DNA, protein and aminoimidazole ribotide syntheses and glucose uptake and incorporation are inhibited by PEA at concentrations of 0.1% to 0.3%. Two classes of response curves are found and the sensitivities of processes in each class to PEA differ. Glucose incorporation and RNA synthesis are the most sensitive processes in their respective classes. The effects of PEA at 0.3% or less are largely or completely reversible. It is deduced that PEA inhibits intracellular processes as well as the cell membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Somatic hybrids between pigmented Syrian hamster cells and unpigmented mouse cells were isolated and propagated in vitro. These hybrids are unpigmented and lack dopa oxidase (and tyrosinase) activity, which is correlated with the pigmentation of the Syrian hamster cells. In contrast, the presence of three other enzymes (LDH, MDH, and thymidine kinase) also specified by the hamster genome but unrelated to pigment synthesis is observed in the hybrid cells. This suggests that the repression of dopa oxidase in these cells is a specific effect on the enzyme associated with the differentiated state of pigment cells. It is concluded that the genetic control of differentiation in this case involves a diffusible regulator substance which functions negatively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 77-79 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The relative rates of penetration of pentoses and hexoses into human blood platelets were studied with a photoelectric densimeter. It was concluded that pentoses enter human platelets by free diffusion whereas hexoses penetrate into these cells by an altered diffusion process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Carotenoids were introduced into the egg yolk of the medaka by either injection or feeding. Carotenoids for injection were dissolved in either olive oil, a mixture of olive oil and castor oil or Tween 80. Capsanthin, lutein and canthaxanthin were readily transferred from the yolk to the larval xanthophores, but no β-apo-8′-carotenal and little β-carotene were transferred.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 73-75 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Ouabain induced inhibition of cation transport and cell division in Ehrlich mouse ascites tumor cells is reversible, suggesting that this agent does not bind irreversibly to its site of action.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Actinomycin D(AM), an inhibitor of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, produces a reversible cessation of red blood cell production. This study examines the in vivo cellular uptake of 3H-AM in the hematological tissues and livers of B6D2F1 mice. 3H-Am (sp. act. = 2.97 to 4.20 C/mmole) was given IV at a dose of 4.0 to 5.7 μg (14 μc) per mouse. Spleen, bone marrow, blood, and liver samples were taken for autoradiography at post-injection times of five minutes to 67 hours.We have confirmed the rapid in vivo cellular uptake of AM; substantial quantities of the drug were in the nuclei within five minutes of IV administration.Not all cell types became labeled. Erythroid, hepatic, lymphoid, and reticulo-endothelial (RE) cells and monocytes took up the label, whereas labeling of granulocytic elements was doubtful.Most heavily labeled were liver cells (highest mean grain count = 110.1) and splenic RE(19.1) and erythroid (16.1) cells. Erythroid cells in the spleen were more heavily and more rapidly labeled than those in the bone marrow.All nucleated erythroid maturational stages, in both the spleen and the bone marrow, were labeled, even at five minutes.The time course of erythroid and hepatic labeling was quite different. Whereas early erythroid cells required six hours to become 100% labeled, liver cells were 100% labeled at five minutes and loss of hepatic labeling began as early as 15 to 30 minutes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Single cell suspensions have been prepared from rabbit cartilage by collagenase digestion in the presence of fetal bovine serum. When inoculated into medium F12 supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 5% rabbit serum, the cartilage cell suspensions yield large healthy colonies of epithelial-like cells with an average plating efficiency of 47%. At the end of a 14 day incubation period, the centers of many of the colonies are thickened into multilayered aggregates. Such colonies exhibit serveral cartilage-like properties, including metachromatic staining with toluidine blue, dense brown staining with bismark brown, bright green staining with alcian green, and a refractile matrix which can be seen with the phase contrast microscope to surround the living cells. Similar properties have also been observed in second and third passage subcultures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 130
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Filtration of mouse marrow cell suspensions over columns of glass wool increased the frequency of small and medium-sized lymphocytes (SML) and of erythropoietic progenitor units (EPU) by about the same factor. Identical results were obtained when erythropoiesis was assayed by isotope uptake (59FeCl3 and 125IUdR) or by the spleen-colony techniques.Transfusion of prospective donor mice with erythrocytes virtually eliminated morphologically recognizable erythroid cells from marrow without affecting the frequency of EPU. Injection of prospective donors with cortisol decreased the frequency of SML in marrow but not that of EPU or erythropoietin-sensitive cells. However, glass wool filtration of lymphocyte-poor marrow taken from mice pretreated with cortisol resulted in a similar increase in frequency of residual SML and of EPU. Therefore, it appears that a subpopulation of marrow SML are EPU.Whereas glass wool filtration increased the frequency of erythropoietic progenitor and colony-forming units, the filtration failed to change the frequency of leukopoietic progenitor or colony-forming units (assayed in mice hypertransfused with erythrocytes to suppress erythropoiesis). It follows that separate progenitor cells for erythropoiesis and leukopoiesis are present in bone marrow of adult mice, in addition to pluripotent stem cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 197-212 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cell preparations rich in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were obtained from peritoneal exudates of rats without the use of any anticoagulant. The adhesiveness of these PMN to glass bead columns coated with rat serum were studied quantitatively using suspending solutions free of added serum protein. A dependence of the PMN adhesiveness upon divalent cations was demonstrated. Added singly Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, or Cd2+ were found to be effective whereas Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ were ineffective. A possible auxilliary role for Ca2+ when added with Mg2+ is suggested by the data. The ineffectiveness of the ions Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ was shown by use of an ion electrode not to be due to the unavailability of the ionized species. Procedures are described for obtaining highly reproducible results with the Orion Divalent Cation Electrode. The ineffectiveness of the ions Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ were also shown not to be due to action as general protoplasmic poisons. The effective ions are distinguished from the ineffective ones by characteristic ranges of ionic radii, coordination number, second ionization potentials, electronegativities and affinity constants. Removal of components of complement from the cells by washing in 0.05 M EDTA, and heating all serum used for 30 minutes at 56°C had no significant effect on the adhesiveness of the PMN. A role for complement, therefore appears largely excluded.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Since Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Pringsheim contains a species of DNA unique to the chloroplast, an important question concerns the extent to which light unblocks the reading of the organelle's template to provide the informational RNA's necessary to construct the plastid proteins. Experiments with 32Pi labeling of chloroplast and nonchloroplast RNA's during light-induced chloroplast development show that both the RNA of the chloroplast and of the rest of the cell become labeled during this process, with the chloroplast RNA's displaying the higher specific activity. The fact that chloroplast RNA is not uniquely labeled indicates that process other than a simple reading of the chloroplast DNA are involved. If we are to preserve the concept of a reasonable degree of chloroplast informational autonomy, we may assume, from this and other data, that the light induction of chloroplast development involves not only the unblocking of chloroplast DNA to make information available, but also a concomitant unblocking of other sites of informational RNA synthesis (e.g., nuclear and mitochondrial DNA's). Such sites external to the developing chloroplast may be concerned with making available the building blocks and energy necessary for the synthesis of chloroplast constituents coded for by the chloroplast DNA. This model leads to the prediction that photosynthesis could be gratuitous for chloroplast development if these nonchloroplast sites were providing most of the building blocks and energy. Experiments are reported which show that chloroplast formation and the acquisition of photosynthetic competence can be achieved under conditions where photosynthesis is completely inhibited for the entire span of development by using the highly selective inhibitor 3, (3,4-dichlorophenyl) 1, 1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), in agreement with the proposed model. The fact that more than just the chloroplast responds to the inducing signals for chloroplast differentiation raises the problem of experimental measurement of interaction among cellular organelles. Since chloroplast development is usually carried out in resting cells to avoid complications due to cell division, we discuss the limitations imposed by turnover in such nondividing systems and present evidence that most of the RNA labeling observed, although actinomycin-D-sensitive, is due to turnover and/or the utilization of preexisting pools. Evidence obtained with mutants of Euglena that form only partial chloroplasts or that lack plastid DNA and plastid-related structures is reported. Such evidence indicates that the functional proplastid restrains overall RNA labeling in the uninduced cells and suggests that the proplastid might be the source of regulatory metabolic signals in the normal plastid-containing cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 219-230 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 134
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The RNA metabolism in immature duck erythrocytes has been investigated in order to determine the characteristics of messenger RNA (mRNA) in a highly differentiated animal cell. mRNA-like fractions were obtained from polysomes, on the one hand, and from pulse-labeled total cells or isolated nuclei, on the other, and were characterized by sedimentation, labeling kinetics, base composition, and hybridization to homologous DNA.At the translational level, the pulse-labeled RNA from polysomes consists of a predominant species sedimenting with about 9S and of a class of polydisperse material sedimenting between 6 and 28S. Very little ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized. The 9S RNA has been purified. Its base composition is relatively high in G + C (but different from rRNA or transfer RNA) - as determined, after alkaline hydrolysis, by 32P distribution or spectrophotometric analysis. The polydisperse RNA has a base composition characterized by relatively high proportions of U and A and is similar in this respect to nuclear RNA. Total polysomal RNA hybridizes to homologous DNA. The biological activity tested in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system of Escherichia coli is highest in the 16 to 18S zone of polysomal RNA.The rapidly labeled RNA synthesized at the transcriptional level in the nuclei sediments predominantly in the 30 to 80S zone. Base-composition analysis of this RNA reveals the presence of a predominant fraction of high-U-type RNA and of a small amount of 45 and 32S rRNA precursors. The former fraction  -  tentatively termed nascent, messenger-like RNA (nascent mlRNA), with respect to its base composition and capacity of selective hybridization  -  is metabolically more unstable than the precursor rRNA.Hybridization experiments demonstrate that up to 7% of the DNA is homologous to the nascent RNA fractions. Polysomal RNA hybridizes to a much smaller extent and competes only slightly with the heavy nuclear fractions.The significance of this heavy, nascent mlRNA and its eventual role in the regulation of protein synthesis in animal cells is discussed.We conclude that in a highly differentiated cell many more mRNA species are produced than would be expressed phenotypically through protein synthesis in the polysome. A surprisingly large part of the genome is activated, but an important fraction of the transcription products never reaches the sites of protein synthesis. Thus, the spectrum of functional RNA is not defined through synthesis only, but is restricted during metabolism. Under these conditions, control of differentiation is probably not limited exclusively to the transcription of the genome, but is subject to regulation mechanisms operating at the intermediate or translational level.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Non-dividing mouse embryo fibroblasts which grew to a confluent cell density on one side of an ultra-thin filter did not inhibit the active multiplication of the same type of cells growing at low cell density on the other side of the filter directly opposite the confluent side. The close proximity of the cells across the filter was not sufficient to cause inhibition of cell division. The phenomenon of “contact” or “density dependent” inhibition of cell division is therefore probably not mediated by a cellular product which remains concentrated near the cell surface.The degree of contact inhibition of cell division was correlated with the local cell density on the same side of the filter. This relationship was found to be influenced strongly by the surface on which the cells were growing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 7-15 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Certain cells, such as 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts, are inhibited from dividing when they grow to a characteristic cell density on a surface in tissue culture. We asked whether the inhibition of cell division could be attributed to the inert chemical composition of neighboring cells, that is, whether the residues of lyophilized cells retained the ability to inhibit the division of normal cells. In addition, we wanted to know whether cells in which DNA synthesis was imparied by irradiation would retain the capacity to effectively inhibit normal cells.To answer these questions, confluent and non-confluent layers of 3T3 cells were prepared in tissue culture dishes and the cells were either lyophilized or irrariated in situ. Fresh 3T3 cells were then added to these prepared layers and their growth was followed using radioactive label. There was no growth of added cells on the confluent monolayers of either untreated or irradiated cells. Growth was unimpeded on the monolayers of lyophilized cells. When cells were added to non-confluent cultures of either normal or irradiated cells the added cells grew until they had covered the remaining surface of the culture dish and had come into contact with the pre-existing cells. In the discussion, consideration is given to the role of available surface over which the cells can spread as well as to the possible interactions between neighboring cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 138
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: With a simple technique, the membrane electro-physiology of mammalian fibroblasts in tissue culture can be explored with micro-electrodes. Measured in complete, serum-containing medium, the mean membrane potential for human diploid cell strains in between 70 and 75 millivolts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 139
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A variety of erythropoietic stimuli influenced the number of endogenous spleen colonies in irradiated mice and the number of transplantable colony forming cells in the spleen and marrow of unirradiated mice.Bleeding was the most effective stimulus. Bleeding before irradiation resulted in a 30-fold increase in endogenous spleen colonies and in increases in spleen weight, spleen iron and iododeoxyuridine uptake and volume of packed red cells ten days after irradiation. Bleeding unirradiated mice produced a 10-fold increase in the number of transplantable colony forming cells in the spleen and a slight decrease in the total number in the humerus. Bleeding before irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in 30-day post irradiation deaths, an effect abolished by splenectomy. Plasma from bled mice induced an increase in endogenous colonies when injected before irradiation into normal mice.Injection of erythropoietin, testosterone or testosterone plus cobalt induced effects which were, in general, qualitatively similar to those of bleeding, although they were less effective quantitatively. Except for a slight effect induced by ten injections of erythropoietin, post-irradiation stimulation in normal mice proved ineffective. Erythropoietin increased colony numbers and spleen iron uptake when given after irradiation to hypertransfused mice.The results of these studies do not support the concept that the colony forming cell and the erythropoietin sensitive cell are separate entities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 140
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The fusion in vitro of embryonic myoblasts to form multinucleated myotubes requires the addition of serum to a basal nutrient medium. The serum requirement for fusion can be satisfied by insulin with somatotropin potentiating its effect. Myotubes formed under these conditions fail to differentiate to cross-striated, spontaneously contractile muscle fibers. This arrest of development is reversible if serum is restored to the medium.Development of the enzyme glycogen synthetase was studied as an additional indicator of muscle differentiation. In cultures developing in the presence of serum, this enzyme was demonstrated by autoradiography to be highly concentrated in myotubes as compared to mononuclear cells. The activity of the enzyme remains low in (1) cultures formed in response to insulin and somatotropin in the absence of serum, as well as (2) in cultures formed in unsupplemented basal medium which are virtually lacking in myotubes. The addition of serum to (1) restores the development of this enzyme. Serum which has been extensively digested with the proteolytic preparation, pronase, and subjected to boiling temperature, when combined with insulin and somatotropin is also capable of promoting the development of glycogen synthetase to a specific activity which exceeds the control. The serum factor is not lost on exhaustive dialysis, nor can enzyme promoting activity be liberated by heat denaturation of serum proteins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The distribution of in vivo injected 45Ca++ in the subcellular fractions of rat heart has been studied. Most of the radioactivity of the cell was found to be associated with the subcellular organelles; only a small fraction was recovered in the soluble phase. Mitochondria contained the greatest part of the total radioactivity associated with the subcellular organelles. After injection of 45Ca++ the specific activity of the mitochondrial calcium pool was several times higher than that of the calcium of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Pentachlorophenol has been administered to rats to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in heart mitochondria in vivo and its effect on the distribution of 45Ca++ in the heart studied. Under these conditions, it has been found that mitochondria contained much less 45Ca++ than the controls; this decrease was paralleled by an increase of the radioactivity associated with the microsomes and with the final supernatant. Experiments in which 45Ca++ was added to heart homogenates at 0° indicated that 45Ca++ also became bound to mitochondria and the other subcellular structures at 0°. However, PCP had no effect on the distribution of radioactivity among the subcellular fractions under these conditions. The results suggest that (1) energy-linked movements of Ca++ take place in mitochondria of the intact rat heart, (2) a part of the uptake of 45Ca++ by mitochondria does not depend on metabolism, and, (3) the movements of Ca++ in heart mitochondria in vivo are probably more active than those in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Aerobic incubation of the spermatozoa of freshwater mussel (Hyriopsis schlegelii) caused a reduction in acyl-ester content and a corresponding diminution in lipid-phosphorus content. Anaerobic incubation also caused a reduction in acyl ester but a smaller reduction in lipid phosphorus, while it brought on an accumulation of free fatty acids. It was mainly palmitic and stearic acids which were accumulated during the anaerobic incubation, and they were preferentially metabolized during the aerobic incubation. Complex lipids from the spermatozoa consisted mainly of diacyl glycerophospholipids, in which phosphatidylethanolamine was predominant, followed by lecithin, while plasmalogen was a minor component. After aerobic incubation of the spermatozoa, there was a marked decrease in ethanolamine-containing phospholipid fraction. However, no diminution was observed in the plasmalogen content. These results lead to the conclusion that mussel spermatozoa utilize as a primary energy source fatty acids which are derived from the breakdown of intracellular diacyl glycerophospholipids.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Frequent reports have suggested that Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) increases the flux of other molecules through biological membranes. This paper reports experiments in the single barnacle cell which permits differentiation of trans-membrane fluxes from those utilizing intercellular pathways. Several non-electrolytes were injected and wash-out rates observed. There was no change in the time course of the wash-out of these molecules when DMSO was added to the injected fluid. The conclusion of these experiments is that DMSO in low concentration does not change the permeation of non-electrolyte across the cell membrane.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 65-71 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Because monocytes and their precursors cannot be recognized with certainty in tissues, an approach to the study of monocyte kinetics was made through examination of the peripheral blood. Injection of a single pulse of tritiated thymidine into rats resulted in the appearance of labeled monocytes identified as circulating peroxidase-positive mononuclear cells. The increase in the percent of labeled cells and in the mean grain count per cell followed a course described by a mathematical model with a generation time of 21 hours and a DNA synthesis time of 12.5 hours. The generation and synthesis times appear to be very uniform for the monocyte so that the phasing of cells represented by the uptake of label could be followed for more than two generations, a property not shared by neutrophils or lymphocytes. Monocytes appear in the circulation within eight hours of DNA synthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 141-148 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Balb/c mouse embryo cultures that are carried under a rigid transfer schedule that minimizes cell-cell contact evolve into permanent lines that possess properties very similar to 3T3. From the same embryo cultures, a transfer schedule where cell-cell contact is extensive leads to lines (Balb/3T12) that form multiple cell layers and have saturation densities up to 25-fold higher than the Balb/3T3 lines. All the lines are hypotetraploid.Comparison of the Balb/3T3 lines with 3T3 reveals similar morphology, ability to grow at high dilution, low saturation density, and high susceptibility to transformation by SV40 virus. The Balb/3T12 lines, which are continually maintained at high cell density, show little improvement in cloning efficiency. Infection with SV40 produces transformants that can be selected by their ability to form colonies at low cell densities. Using the appropriate selective system for each line, it appears that SV40 T antigen induction and transformation in Balb/3T3 and Balb/3T12 are comparable.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin in vitro show maximal 14C-thymidine incorporation when the gas phase of the cultures contains 20% O2. The rate of DNA synthesis is more affected by hyperoxic conditions than by hypoxia. Cell viability, defined by dye exclusion, is considerably less dependent on pO2 than is cellular replication.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 185-195 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Vinblastine and vincristine, agents which cause arrest of cells in mitosis, have been examined for their effect on the survival of synchonously growing HeLa and Chinese hamster cells. At concentrations higher than those sufficient to induce mitotic arrest, both agents were found to exert a differential lethal action depending upon the position of the cells in interphase. Cells exposed for a short time (3 hours) to 0.3 μg/ml of vinblastine are more sensitive in S and in late G1 than those in other parts of G1 or in G2. Cells exposed to vincristine (0.1 μ/ml) show only the S phase sensitivity. These difference reflect variations in the survival curves for the two drugs in different phases of the cycle. Cells exposed for a short time to lethal doses of either agent during the S phase proceed at a normal rate to mitosis where they are then arrested irreversibly. In addition, vinblastine causes an immediate interphase death by lysis of cells treated in late G1.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 229-234 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In order to measure the total number of stem cells present in a given preparation, it is necessary to know the fraction of stem cells which settle in the spleen and form macroscopically visible colonies. The intravenous injection does not allow a direct measurement of this fraction. However, its value is established by injecting stem cells directly into the spleen, thus minimizing the dilution of stem cells through the circulation. It has been measured with this procedure, that only 4% of intravenously injected stem cells form spleen colonies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 251-253 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cell lines from a myeloid, an erythroid, and two lymphoid leukemias, were tested for the production of the inducer required for the formation of macrophage and granulocyte colonies. It was shown that the inducer was produced by all lines except one of the lymphoid leukemias.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 151
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The developmental features of the pancreas are reviewed as an example of cytodifferentiation and organogenesis. Attention is directed to the regulatory characteristics of the specific proteins synthesized and secreted by the endocrine and exocrine cells. The following topics are discussed: (1) number of specific protein species and, inferentially, the number of genes involved in differentiated function. (2) The stringent regulation of the concentration of these specific proteins and the probable restriction of their synthesis to exocrine and endocrine cells. (3) The multiphasic pattern of accumulation of these specific proteins during pancreatic development and the synchronized but noncoordinate regulation of individual protein species. Synthetic rates of specific exocrine proteins in vitro correlate closely with measurements of the accumulation of proteins during development. (4) A model postulating three regulatory transitions. The primary transition (related to organ “determination”) denotes the conversion of a “predifferentiated” cell to the “protodifferentiated” state in which low but significant levels of specific proteins are present. The secondary transition is viewed as an amplification of this specific protein synthesis and is associated with typical pancreatic histogenesis. In the third regulatory transition, the synthesis of specific proteins in the “differentiated state” is modulated by diet, or hormonal states, etc. The third regulatory transition may be similar to some types of “enzyme induction” as studied in multicellular systems. (5) The differentiative fidelity in an organotypic culture system; the role of mesenchymal tissue or a particle fraction derived therefrom in supporting the protodifferentiated state and the secondary regulatory transition. (6) The possible mechanisms of the secondary regulatory transition in exocrine cells. Effects of actinomycin D, bromodeoxyuridine, and other mitotic inhibitors suggest the requirement for a critical cell division prior to the loss of proliferative capacity. (7) The synthesis of pro-insulin and insulin during primary and secondary regulatory transitions; the possible interrelationships of endocrine and exocrine cells in pancreas development.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 152
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Polycrylamide gel electrophoresis of chicken lens proteins showed 17 crystallins, divided over three groups. Within each group physicochemical heterogeneity was combined with (partial) immunological homogeneity. It is assumed that more than one gene is involved in the synthesis of any crystallin species. During development of the chicken embryo, α-crystallin was first demonstrated by immunofluorescence in centrally located lens fibers at 3 days. At 8 days the epithelium became positive and the fibers lost some fluorescence. This continued until in 5-week-old chickens the lens core was negative. Lens placode cells showed immunofluorescence for δ-crystallin at 52 hours, mainly in their basal parts. The reaction gradually spread and at 3 days the entire lens was positive. From 8 days on the epithelium reacted progressively weaker, but the fibers remained positive. Five weeks after hatching, epithelium and cortex were negative, while the center still showed strong fluorescence. The behavior of β-crystallin was intermediate between that of the other two. Immunoelectrophoresis suggested a differential production onset for the components of each single crystallin type. Under normal conditions no crystallins were found outside the lens. Therefore, crystallin synthesis occurs after placode formation has taken place and must be restricted to the lens itself. Autoradiography after 3H-thymidine treatment indicated that all placode cells still replicate, though some already produce crystallins. A generation time of 8 to 10 hours was determined with an M phase of 30 minutes, an S phase of 6 hours, and a G2 of 2 ½ hours. During DNA synthesis the nuclei were located in the basal parts of the cells, and for mitosis they migrated to the lumen. Autoradiography after 3H-glucosamine application suggested that the placode cells take active part in the synthesis of the basement membrane interposed between lens rudiment and optic cup. This membrane later becomes the lens capsule, and in mice with the “shrivelled” gene, abnormal masses of anterior epithelial cells also clearly produce extra capsule material. This results in anterior polar cataracts. Several of the above findings are in disagreement with some of the current theories on the regulation of lens differentiation. No substitutes are presently offered, however.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Experiments have been carried out to study the properties of ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosomal assembly in cells having stable messenger RNA templates (adult epithelial cells in stationary phase and fiber cells) and rapidly turning-over templates (dividing epithelial cells). The data show that 45S and 30S precusor ribosomal RNA is synthesized in epithelial cells in a stationary phase and in fiber cells. These precursor ribosomal RNA's, however, are not chased into 28S and 18S RNA. Similar pulse-chase experiments with dividing epithelial cells of calf and adult lenses show a significant chase into 28S and 18S RNA. The data indicate that there is a regulation of ribosomal assembly at the step responsible for 28S and 18S RNA formation. The details of this regulation are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 154
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The biochemical information now available on the cellular slime mold is sufficient to attempt a kinetic model of a portion of the metabolism essential to differentiation. A computer model has been constructed which is consistent with the in vivo and in vitro data obtained for this system, and which makes specific predictions now being tested in the laboratory.Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) is a precursor of soluble glycogen as well as of the saccharide end products of differentiation, such as cell wall material. The rate of turnover of UDPG in vivo is known, and is sufficient to account for the observed accumulation of end products over the period of time normally required during differentiation. The accumulation patterns during development of the various polysaccharides and of UDPG, glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P), and uridine triphosphate (UTP) are known. Km values of UDPG synthetase for G-1-P and UTP have been determined, as have changes in specific enzyme activity during development. A series of differential equations describing the synthesis and utilization of UDPG have been used to construct a computer model for the conversion of glycogen through G-1-P and UDPG to the end products of differentiation. An analysis of this model demonstrates that an increase in UDPG pyrophosphorylase concentration in vivo cannot account for the enhanced rate of synthesis of UDPG nor for the accumulation patterns observed. The major controlling factor in this system is shown to be the availability of G-1-P. This analysis reflects upon: (1) the general significance of alterations in the concentration of enzymes during differentiation, and (2) the importance of understanding control mechanisms responsible for the availability in vivo of precursors for synthetic pathways necessary to morphogenesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 33-42 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The effects of various ions on the resting membrane potential of the giant axons of Myxicola were determined. The mean resting potential in artificial sea water is 69 mv, inside negative. The membrane potential decreases with incresing external potassium concentrations, while changes in the sodium and chloride concentrations have little or no effect. For potassium concentrations greater than 50 mM/L the relation between membrane potential and concentration approximates that of a perfectly selective potassium electrode. The data for the whole range of concentrations examined can be well fitted by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm E} = \frac{{{\rm RT}}}{{\rm F}}\,{\rm log}_{\rm e} \,\frac{{[{\rm K}^ +]_{\rm o}\, + 0.031\,[{\rm Na}^ +]_{\rm o}}}{{[{\rm K}^ +]_{\rm i}\, + \,0.031\,[{\rm Na}]_{\rm i}}} $$\end{document}It was pointed out that the Myxicola giant axons can be studied under space voltage clamp and can be made available in the laboratory for 12 months out of the year. Myxicola then should become a very useful preparation for the study of membrane phenomena.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 71 (1968), S. 23-32 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Variants resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose have been isolated from a clonal line of pig kidney cells by serial cultivation in the presence of inhibitor. Hexokinase activity may be affected directly in this system, since the oxidation of glucose to 6-phosphogluconate by extracts from sensitive and resistant cells is blocked by the addition of 2-deoxy-glucose to the reaction mixture. This blockage was removed by the addition of glucose-6-phosphate to the system, but not by ATP. Resistant cells were found to accumulate significantly less 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate than sensitive cells. The rate of phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose, however, was higher in extracts from the resistant line. Alkaline phosphatase does not account for the reduced level of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate since this enzyme is not detectable in sensitive or resistant pig kidney cells. Increased acid phosphatase activity was observed in resistant cells, but extracts with high acid phosphatase activity proved incapable of hydrolyzing either 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate or glucose-6-phosphate. In comparative growth studies, cells resistant to 2-deoxyglucose proliferated more extensively than sensitive cells in a low glucose nutrient. They removed glucose more effectively from this medium, and were less stimulated by the addition of intermediates from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The evidence suggests that resistance to 2-deoxyglucose in the cells under study may be based on the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate at concentrations of glucose too low to support the growth of sensitive cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 157
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The rates of synthesis of various species of RNA were examined in synchronously growing HeLa cells as a function of stage in the cell generation cycle. The synthesis of each RNA species examined occurs throughout interphase, but undergoes a two-fold increase in rate during early S which is dependent on the duplication of DNA; blocking the initiation of DNA synthesis also blocks the acceleration of RNA synthesis. To explain the data, a model is discussed in which the acceleration of RNA synthesis during early S is regulated by the number of active cistrons present; thus, as the genome is duplicated, more template is available for transcription, and the rate of RNA synthesis increases. Some implications of the model, and experimental evidence bearing on them, are also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 158
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The rate of cell division in an epithelial-like cell line, 1S1, was examined by time-lapse cinemicrography. When precautions were taken to insure a sufficient nutrient supply, the number of mitoses per unit time in any given area of a confluent monolayer remained constant. This “contact regulation of cell division” resulted in a steadily decreasing frequency of mitosis per cell as the culture became crowded. With the decrease was associated a gradual change in cell shape, from maximally flattened to maximally compact, due to contact inhibition of the movement of cells across one another.When cells were removed along a line scraped on a dense culture, the cells at the edge of the scrape flattened, migrated into the vacant area, and subsequently increased their frequency of mitosis to that characteristic of non-confluent cells. Inhibition of mitosis caused by a limitation on the nutrient supply was also reversed at a line-scrape. These observations suggest that cell flattening promoted mitosis by causing the cell membrane to expand, thereby facilitating the uptake of nutrients. The cell membrane would thus function in the mechanism of contact regulation as a transducer, for converting the pressure of the surrounding cell population into a restraining force upon the metabolism of cell division.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 159
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The rabbit lens can be maintained in culture under conditions which retain the block to proliferation characteristic of many of the cells in the normal tissue in vivo. Proliferation and cell migration subsequently can be triggered at will by the addition of serum to the medium. Serum is not required throughout the whole period of culture in order to elicit this response but only during an initial period which ends prior to the onset of both DNA synthesis and mitosis. The duration of this period of serum-dependency is specifically related to the location (and hence the state of organization) of the cells within the epithelial layer. Some of the characteristics of the serum factors which promote these reactions and the conditions of culture which affect their activity are reported.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 235-245 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: To determine whether transcription of the genes coding for 5S ribosomal RNA depends upon the concurrent activity of the genes for 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA we studied the synthesis of 5S RNA in cultured L cells when the synthesis of the 45S precursor of 28 and 18S RNA was inhibited with low doses of actinomycin D. Synthesis of 5S RNA was measured by following the incorporation of 3H uridine into components which, upon acrylamide gel electrophoresis, co-migrated with markers of 5S RNA obtained from 32P labeled ribosomes. We observed that the synthesis of 5S RNA persists in the absence of detectable 28S and 18S RNA synthesis, continuing at the normal rate for several hours and at a reduced rate for at least a generation time. This strongly supports the concept that 45S RNA is not a precursor of 5S RNA, and indicates furthermore that neither the 45S component, nor any of the intermediates involved in its transition to 28S and 18S RNA, are involved in controlling the output of the 5S genes The 5S RNA which is made during actinomycin treatment is retained predominantly in the nucleoplasm and undergoes a turnover of about 3.5% per hour. It apparently cannot be utilized when ribosome synthesis resumes following removal of the actinomycin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 161
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: It is becoming increasingly evident that the in vitro induction of vertebral chondrogenesis may not be due to the acquisition of a new metabolic pattern, but to the stabilization of one that is already existing. The sclerotome region of embryonic chick somites will undergo chondrogenesis in vitro as a response to various stimuli, the most effective being the embryonic notochord. Before stimulation, the somites have all of the metabolic machinery necessary for chondrogenesis, as evidenced by the fact that they can synthesize chondromucoprotein. They cannot, however, accumulate matrix except under special circumstances, e.g., when they are stimulated by an “inducer” such as the notochord (induced cartilage) or when they are permitted to express their chondrogenic bias under suitable culture conditions, such as in enriched nutrient medium (spontaneous cartilage).A study of chondroitin sulfate synthesis in these tissues has shown that the embryonic somites utilize glucosamine differently when compared to cartilage tissue. Analysis of the metabolic steps between glucosamine and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine indicates the possibility of a metabolic “block,” which would prevent the efficient transformation of N-acetylglucosamine-1-P to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 91-102 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectral fragmentations of stereoisomeric cyclohexane-1,2-diols, p-menthane-2,3-diols, 1-hydroxycarvomenthols and 4-hydroxymenthols are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Examination of a large number of spectra indicates that bis-unsaturated compounds commonly undergo a skeletal rearrangement in which part or all or the bridging moiety is eliminated, often with concomitant loss of hydrogen atoms. The spectra of labeled azobenzene, diphenyl sulfide, and their p,p′-dimethyl derivatives show that scrambling of hydrogen atoms precedes or accompanies such rearrangements, in contrast to the loss of a p-methyl group from the latter derivatives. These results are rationalized in terms of the radical site formed on one unsaturated functional group attacking the polarizable π-electrons of the other unsaturated group.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 87-113 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The thermal excitation energy of molecules greatly influences multistep degradation reactions of aliphatic compounds in the mass spectrometer. Molecules very often obtain their thermal excitation energy only within the ion source by wall collisions. Since it is not usually possible to keep the ion source temperature entirely constant the peak intensities in the spectra of one and the same compound differ considerably. Attention should be paid to this fact in the preparation of mass spectra collections.Multistep degradation reactions may be influenced by reduction of the electron energy and the ion source temperature such that only primary degradation products are preferentially formed. The interpretation of such spectra is easier. This technique was used to study the fragmentation reactions of bi-functional aliphatic compounds. It was shown that nearly all fragments can be deduced from molecular ion species, ionized at one or other functional group. Depending on the amount of fragments produced by ionization at the functional group it is possible to compare the iniluence of the various substituents on the fragmentation, and to rank them according to their increasing influence on the fragmentation as shown:
    Notizen: Die thermische Anregungsenergie der Moleküle beeinflußt mehrstufige Abbaureaktionen aliphatischer Verbindungen im massenspektrometer sehr stark. Thermische Anregung erhalten die Moleküle vielfach erst durch Wandstöße in der Ionenquelle. Da in den Wenigsten Fällen die Ionenquellentemperature völlig konstant gehalten werden kann, unterscheiden sich Spektren ein und derselben Verbindung oft in ihren Intensitätwerten voneinander. Diesem Umstand sollte bei der Anlage von Spektrensammlungen Rechnung getragen werden.Durch Erniedrigung von Elektronenenergie und Ionenquellentemperatur lassen sich mehrstufige Abbaureaktionen os lenken, daß vorzugsweise nur primäre Spaltprodukte entstehen. Die Spektren werden dadurch qualitativ besser auswertbar. Bie Anwendung dieses Verfahrens auf bifunktionelle aliphatische Verbindungen Können nahezu sämtliche Spaltstücke ovn Molekülionenspezies abgeleitet werden, die an der einen oder anderen funktionellen Gruppe ionisiert wurden. Je nach der Mange der durch Ionisation an einer der Gruppen entstandenen Fragmente kann man daher den Einfluß der Substituenten miteinander vergleichen und diese nach steigender Einflußnahme auf die Bruchstückbildung in einer Reihen anordnen. Es ergibt sich danach etwa die folgende Reihung:
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 151-166 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of the different forms of vitamin B6, some metabolites and antimetabolites, and some analogs are reported. The free bases are suitable for study, but the 5-phosphates are not sufficiently volatile. The hydrochloride salts dissociate thermally in the inlet system into the free base and HCl and give the spectrum of the free base with the spectrum of HCL superimposed on it. The compounds studied are: pyridoxol, pyridoxamine and pyridoxal, which are different forms of vitamin B6; 4-pyridoxic acid and its lactone, 5-pyridoxic acid lactone, isopyridoxal, 5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid, and 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, which are vitamin B6 metabolites; α4-and α5-deoxypyridoxol, 3-deoxypyridoxol, and 4- and 5- norpyridoxol, which are antimetabolites and analogs of vitamin B6.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A new type of ion detector has been developed that can be made to operate in two ways. It can detect all ions, or it can be made to detect only those within a preselected energy range. Its use on a mass spectrometer to examine the metastable spectra of cis- and trans-butenes is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 169-187 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of guanidine and ten of its derivatives have been studied under both high and low resolution conditions. Evidence was detected for the migration of methyl groups, the formation of intermediate three-membered ring structures and decompositions involving expulsion of N. with release of kinetic energy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Three isomeric compounds, I, II and III, were prepared and their mass spectra recorded. Comparisons of the spectra showed that the fragmentation of I proceeds only by way of II, and that II itself is transformed in part to III upon electron impact. It is suggested that selective ionization of each one of the two isolated functional groups in II may afford two isomeric radical ions, IIa and IIb. A possible interrelation to the photochemistry of these compounds is also discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 805-817 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of three methoxypulvic dilactones, four methyl esters of methoxypulvic acids and five methyl ethers of pulvic acid derivatives have been measured and rationalised employing accurate mass measurements and metastable peak assignments to substantiate the proposed fragmentations and rearrangements. In particular, the mass spectral differences and similarities between the isomeric methoxypulvic dilactones, between their methanolysis products and between the isomeric methyl ethers, are rationalised.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 857-880 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of twenty three azetidines and seventeen 2-azetidinones are reported and discussed. The majority of spectra contain molecular ions. Fragmentation modes are largely dependent upon the substitution pattern and involve specific cleavage of the four-membered ring. Several hydrogen rearrangement reactions occur, and in some cases, cis and trans isomers may be distinguished by large differences in the relative abundances of certain fragment ions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 172
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The formation of 1,1-dimethoxy-alkyl rearrangement ions in the mass spectra of methyl ethers of linear diols, 1,2,3-triols and of derivatives of pentaglycerol and pentaerythritol has been investigated by deuterium labelling and mass measurements. Methoxy group migrations do not occur, or at least only to a small amount, in the mass spectra of the diol-dimethyl ethers. The mass spectra of methyl ethers of 1,2,3-triols exhibit characteristic peaks of the rearrangement ions +CH(OCH3)2 and +CR(OCH3)2. These ions arise by a 1,3-migration of a methoxy group, probably during a one step degradation of the molecular ion to give a molecule methyl alkenyl ether and a H-atom or alkyl radical as neutral fragments. Large peaks of the rearrangement ion +CH(OCH3)2 are observed in the mass spectra of compounds of the following type: A radical ion, formed by loss of HY from the molecular ion, rearranges by methoxy group migration in the mass spectra of these substances. Rearrangement by migration of hydroxy and acetoxy groups are also observed, but no migration of a Cl-atom.
    Notizen: Die Bildung von 1,1-Dimethoxyalky-umlagerungsionen in den Massenspektren der Metyläther von linearen Diolen, 1,2,3-Triolen und Derivaten der verzweigten Polyole Pentaglycerin und Pentaerythrit wird mit Hilfe von Markierungen mit Deuterium und Massefeinbestimmungen untersucht. Methoxygruppenwanderungen treten in den Massenspektren der Dioldimethyläther nicht oder nur in sehr geringem Ausmaß auf. Die Massenspektren der 1,2,3-Trioltrimethyläther besizen aber charakteristische Peaks der umlagerungsionen +CH(OCH3)2 und +CR(OCH3)2. Diese Ionen entstehen durch eine 1,3-Wanderung einer Methoxygruppe, wahrscheinlich bei einem einstufigen Zerfall der Molekül-Ionen unter Bildung von Methyl-alkenyl-äther und H-Atom bzw. Alkylradikal als neutrale Fragmente. Gorße Peaks der Umlagerungsionen +CH(OCH3)2 werden in den Massenspektren von Verbindungen des Typs gefunde. Bei diesen Verbindungen wandert eine Methoxygruppe beim weiteren Zerfall von Radikal-Ionen, die durch Abspaltung von HY aus den Molekül-Ionen entstehen. Wanderungen von Hydroxy- und Acetoxy-Gruppen werden ebenfalls beobachtet, aber keine Wanderung von Cl-Atomen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 173
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of tetronic acid and of a number of its derivatives are recorded and discussed. Where necessary, the composition of the fragment ions has been checked by high resolution mass measurements. Fragmentation of the molecular ion is explained in terms of the rupture of a bond attached to C-4, and the predominant routes for many of the compounds can be explained on the basis of two schemes, the first involving preliminary ketonisation of the molecular ion, followed by elimination of carbon monoxide, the second involving rupture of the C-4—R3 bond prior to elimination of carbon monoxide. Special structural features, however, provide alternative routes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 617-626 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The mass spectra of secondary vinylcarbinols of the structure R—CH(OH)—CH=CH2 show the same fragments as those of the isomeric ethylketones R—CO—C2H5. This is the result of a rearrangement of the molecular ions of the vinylcarbinols to molecular ions of the ethylketones before fragmentation occurs. Compounds of the two classes differ only slightly from one another in the intensity values.
    Notizen: Die Massenspektren sekundärer des Typs R—CH(OH)—CH=CH2 zeigen die gleichen Bruchstücke wie die der isomeren Äthylketone R—CO—C2H5. Dies ist auf eine Umlagerung der Molekülionen der Vinylcarbinole in solche der Äthylktone vor Eintritt der Bruchstückbildung zurückzuführen. Die Massenspektren beider Verbindungsklassen unterscheiden sich nur geringfügig in den Intensitätswerten.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 175
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Some esters of γ, δ-unsaturated or β-arylsubstituted acids undergo a peculiar transformation under electron-impact including an elimination of the alcohol residue as a radical R. with the following loss of the ketene molecule. One of the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group enters an ion which is formed from an unsaturated part of the molecule. The possible mechanism of this reaction and the influence of structural modifications on the course of this process are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 915-917 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The electron-impact induced loss of CO2 from phthalanil and 4-phthalimidobiphenyl is paralleled by the formation of large amounts of CO2 on pyrolysis. CO is also a major pyrolysis product, but the loss of CO from these compounds under electron-impact is not an important fragmentation process.The mass spectra of meta and para-chlorophthalanils show prominent [M — CO2] peaks but the corresponding peak for the ortho isomer is of relatively low intensity. CO and CO2 are the principal gaseous products of the thermal decomposition of o-chlorophthalanil.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: In spite of previous extensive studies on the mass spectrometry of alkyl cyanides, no good mechanistic insight has as yet been gained into the behavior of straight chain alky1 cyanides. For this reason the possible origins for the principal ions in the mass spectrum of a typical alkyl cyanide (n-hexyl cyanide) have been determined using high resolution mass spectrometry anddeuterium labeling of every carbon atom. The results lead to the conclusion that most of the typical fragmentation processes of n-alkyl cyanides proceed through cyclic intermediates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 179
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of nine bridged polycyclic chlorinated pesticidal compounds have been investigated, and fragmentation modes to account for the more abundant ions are postulated. The principal features of the spectra are ions corresponding to a set of retro-Diels-Alder decompositions, ions resulting from successive losses of Cl, HCl, or both, ions produced by combinations of a retro-Diels-Alder process with a preliminary or subsequent loss of Cl or HCl, and ions whose processes of formation more specifically involve the epoxide group.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. xi 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 425-445 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An investigation of the mass spectra of substituted benzophenones has shown that a number of rearrangement processes are operative. The rearrangements have been shown to involve solely the ortho-substituents to the carbonyl group and in many cases the carbonyl oxygen atom itself participates in the processes. Deuterium labelling experiments combined with data obtained from accurate mass and metastable analysis have enabled the probable mechanisms of rearrangement and fragmentation to be elucidated. An understanding of these processes should greatly assist in the location of substituents in unknown benzophenones.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 459-465 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of B substituted 2,5-dimethyl cyclotetrazenoboranes have been studied. The compounds Me2N4BD, Me2N4BEt, Me2N4BVi, Me2N4BCl and Me2N4BBr give confirmatory evidence that loss of N2+H. from the system occurs by loss of H from the side chain and that the B—R bond is very stable under electron impact conditions. Fragmentation proceeds in a similar fashion to that of the 2,5-dimethyl substituted compounds with H bonded to the boron atom.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 487-502 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Mass spectra of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of long chain dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids, cyano acids, and terminal diols, dithiols and diamines have been examined. A number of fragmentation pathways involving rearrangement of partial or intact TMS groups between the termini or remote points in the chain have been determined, using deuterium and carbon-13 labeling, and high resolution mass spectrometry. Knowledge of the occurrence of functional group migrations of this type is essential to the correct interpretation of mass spectra of TMS derivatives, which are now in wide use in mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. These data in addition provide further evidence for the general ability of remote functional groups to interact, by winding or coiling of long chains. A number of interesting doubly-charged ions are reported, in which the charges are reported, in which the charges are located at opposite ends of long chains, and for which no singly-charged counterparts are observed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 703-712 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of mono- and di-substituted alkyl and aryl imidazolines have been measured and the spectra analysed with the aid of deuterium labelling and high resolution techiques.In contrast to the fragmentation of thiazolines, all principal fragments of the imidazoline ring contain one nitrogen with or without hydrogen migration. In the case of 2,4-disubstituted imidazolines, the presence of two tautomeric molecular ions are suggested.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 741-743 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 761-775 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of two fungal metabolites, aspertetronin A and B, have been examined in conjunction with a series of tetronic acids and related compounds, and as a result the major modes of fragmentation of the tetronic acid ring system have been determined. Several substituent dependent rearrangements have also been recognised during this investigation which should prove useful in the structural elucidation of unknown compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 417-423 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The most prominent ion in the mass spectra of C6F5CH2X (X = H, Br, CH:CH2, COCl, and CH2C6F5) is C7F5H2+, formulated as the pentafluorotropylium cation. This ion is also found, in an amount comparable to the parent ion, in the spectrum of (C6F5)2CH2. The heptafluorotropylium cation is found similarly in the spectrum of C6F5CF3. The mass spectra of (C6F5)2CHBr and [(C6H5)2CH]2 exhibit an ion C13F10H+ as the base peak, which is probably a pentafluorophenylpentafluorotropylium cation.The alcohol (C6F5)2CHOH shows loss of C6F5, followed by 2H, as a major breakdown pathway.The mode of formation, and the subsequent fragmentation, of the major ions in these spectra, are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 447-458 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: An investigation of the mass spectra of a number of substituted diphenyl ethers has shown that the major fragment ions are commonly due to cleavage of the molecule into the two benzene ‘half’ fragments although in many cases the molecular ion is the most abundant species observed.Little evidence is seen of M—CO or M—CHO peaks in these molecules but a large number of different rearrangement processes have been observed which involve ortho-substituents. These rearrangement ions, although in some cases not very abundant, can be diagnostic in the problem of locating substituents in the diphenyl ether nucleus.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 483-485 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 467-481 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of a series of isatin, oxindole and 2-oxo-3-indolyl derivatives have been investigated using high resolution and deuterium labelling techniques. The fragmentations involve the sequential loss of a number of neutral molecules and the results show that the concept of charge localisation can be applied with success to explain the fragmentation processes even in these polyheteroatom species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 194
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of nineteen aliphatic 1,2-glycols containing a variety of substituents have been recorded and mechanistic rationalizations are presented for the more important degradation processes observed. Fragmentation of the hydroxylated carbon-carbon bond in these compounds occurred to an appreciable degree often accompanied by the transfer of a hydroxylic hydrogen atom.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The bitter compounds isolated from the species Simaroubaceae represent a new family of degraded triterpenoids. Ailanthone, glaucarubolone and chaparrinone having a C20 skeleton belong to this family and their structures were previously determined. Mass spectra of these compounds and some of their derivatives have now been studied in detail and the results obtained are discussed in this communication. The observed fragmentation pattern is characteristic of the structural features of this group of compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 891-898 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The mass spectra of trimethylalkoxy silanes (CH3)3Si—O—(CH2)n—CH3 (n = 0-8) and (CH3)3Si—O—(CH2)n—CH(CH3)2 (n = 0-3) have been investigated and most of the fragmentations, induced by electron-impact, have been identified by metastable ions. The fragmentation mechanisms of trimethylpentoxysilane, established by Diekman, Thomson and Djerassi, are also observed in the mass spectra of these trimethylalkoxy silanes. Characteristic features of these reactions in the mass spectra of compounds with smaller and longer alkoxy groups, together with some additional fragmentations, are discussed.
    Notizen: Es werden die Massenspektren von Trimethylaklkoxysilanen dr Typen (CH3)3Si—O—(CH2)n—CH3 (n = 0-8) und (CH3)3Si—O—(CH2)n—CH(CH3)2 (n = 0-3) wiedergegeben und die meisten Abbaureaktionen der Verbindungen bei Elektronenstoß durch metastabile Ionen belegt. Die von Diekman, Thomoson und Djerassi für Trimethypentoxysilane angegebenen Zerallsmechanisman laufen auch bei den untersuchten Substanzen ab. Es werden Besonderheiten beim Ablauf dieser Reaktionen bei Trimethylalkoxsilanen mit längerer und kürzerer Alkoxykette diskutiert und einige weitere Zerfallsreaktionen mitgeteilt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 197
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Après avoir identifié les impuretés qui accompagnent l'o-terphényle (I) marqué au 13C en position 2, c'est-à-dire, o-xenylcyclohexanol (II), o-xenylcyclohexène (III), hexahydrotriphénylène (IV) et o-xenylcyclohexane on a étudié la fragmentation des molécules I, II et IV, sous impact électronique, en tirant profit du marquage de ces molécules par le 13C.L'étude, par spectrométrje de masse, a été effectuée sur un instrument AEI MS9 pour ce qui regarde la composition atomique des ions principaux et sur un MAT CH-4 pour les déterminations quantitatives des espèces 12C et 13C, à basse énergie, en admettant une sensibilité égale.Le marquage par 13C de la position 2 dans I n'a pas encore mis clairement en évidence le réarrangement de cette molécule en une structure phénanthrénique après ouverture d'un noyau benzènique, comme le prévoyait une hypothèse formulée antérieurement à ce travail.La molécule II se fragmente suivant deux voies: I'une est formée d'une suite de fragments hydrocarbonés, produits à partir du pic moléculaire par perte de H2O et l'ature, d'une suite de fragments qui contiennent l'unique atome d'oxygène de la molécule. La différence dans le processus de fragmentation des deus séries s'explique par le fait que la perte d'une molécule d'eau, à partir de la molécule, stabilise les 2 atomes de carbone adjacents au C porteur du groupe - OH, le titre en 13C du fragment hydrocarboné en C15 étant relativement plus élevé que celui du fragment oxygéné à nombre égal d'atomes de C.Le marquage par 13C de la molécule IV montre comment se fait la rupture du cycle saturé sous bombardement électronique, le premier atome de C enlevé étant le plus proche du cycle centra.
    Notizen: After identification of the impurities, separated from synthesized orthoterphenyl (I) labelled in position 2 with 13C, i.e. o-xenylcyclohexanol (II), o-xenylcyclohexene (III), hexahydrotriphenylene (IV) and o-xenylcyclohexane (V), the fragmentation processes under electron-impact of molecules I, II and IV have been studied, advantage being taken of their 13C labelling.Mass spectrometric studies were carried out on an AEI MS-9 for determination of the atomic composition of the main ions and on a MAT CH-4 instrument for quantitative determination of 12C and 13C species, at low energy, assuming an equal sensitivity.The 13C labelling of position 2 in I, has not yet given clear evidence of a formerly assumed rearrangement into phenanthrenic structure after ring opening.The fragmentation of molecule II occurs in two ways, i.e. into a series of hydrocarbon fragments, produced from the molecular ion by loss of H2O or into fragments still containing the oxygen atom. The difference between the fragmentation processes of the two series depends on the fact that the loss of H2O from the molecule stabilizes the two carbon atoms adjacent to the C carrying the hydroxyl group. This is shown by the relatively higher 13C content of the hydrocarbon fragment in C15 compared with that of the equivalent oxygenated fragment.The labelling in IV shows how the rupture of the saturated ring occurs under electron-impact, the first C removed being the one nearest to the central ring.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 503-517 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass spectra of a series of alicyclic fluorocarbon complexes of manganese, rhenium, iron and ruthenium are described and discussed. It is shown that the breakdown of these complexes after ionization depends on the nature of the metal, and of the other groups attached to the metal. Effects due to elimination of metal halides, formation of metal fluoride ions, and ligand transfer reactions are found, and result in significant differences in the fragmentation patterns of the complexes from those of the parent fluorocarbons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 199
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    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968), S. 563-566 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The mass-spectral behaviour of long-chain aliphatic primary alcohols of the normal, iso-and anteiso-series have been discussed. The mass-spectral fragmentation of individual alcoholic types have been found to be structurally specific. The mass spectra of some deuterio derivatives have shown, however, the complicated nature of the fragmentation processes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 1 (1968) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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