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  • 36.40  (55)
  • Springer  (55)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
  • 1993  (55)
  • 1968
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Publisher
  • Springer  (55)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 1990-1994  (55)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 61.1.P ; 68.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fullerene powder mixtures with different C60/C70 ratios have been analyzed by a variety of techniques, and results have been compared. The fullerence mixtures have been characterized as solutions in n-hexane by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Thin films of fullerenes on Au(111) have been prepared from the mixtures by sublimation. The sublimation process has been studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Thin fullerene films on Au(111) have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM images show primarily two types of ballshaped molecules arranged in a lattice with hexagonal symmetry (fcc(111) face, nearest neighbour distance: 1 nm). The two species differ in diameter. STM images of films made of mixtures of different C60/C70 ratios show that C70 molecules display a larger apparent diameter (0.8 nm) and corrugation than C60 molecules (0.7 nm). The C60/C70 ratios obtained by counting the corresponding molecular species in the STM images of the thin films are compared to the C60/C70 ratios determined by HPLC on hexane solutions of the mixtures. The observed differences might be explained by different rates of sublimation for the two species. The STM images reveal film defects (vacancies and boundaries) and dynamic processes (displacement of C70 molecules and vacancies). In films prepared to have a C60 coverage of less than one monolayer, stable structural units of the C60(111) surface consisting of three or seven C60 molecules are revealed by STM. Occasionally, substructure within individual fullerene molecules is observed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 67.90+Z ; 71.90+Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation and decay processes of helium clusters are investigated with fluorescence methods. The results differ remarkably from that obtained for the heavier rare gas clusters. They are discussed in view of the unusual structural and electronic properties of helium.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 76.60 ; 03.65.F ; 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract For both highern andI i ≧1 spin clusters, combinatorics provides powerful arguments with which to investigate the substructural forms of cluster spin algebras; this is especially so for SO(3) ×l n symmetries for 12≦n≦60 wherex (.) [λ] character tabulations become extensive. Bijective enumerative mappings over the combinatorialp-tuples (number partitions) afford insight into the general functionf(p,n) as well as into {|IM(I 1−I n [λ]〉} M -structure of spin algebras, even where the full details of the explicitx () [λ] (l n ) characters are not readily available. Both simply-reducible and higher aspects ofl n -inner tensor product (ITP) algebras are derived from dimensionality considerations, as part of combinatorial hooklength formalisms for $$\chi _{(1^n )}^{[\lambda ]} $$ . TheI i ≦3/2 forms of [A] n clusters forn≦20, (forp≦3, 4) of multiple-quantum NMR (MQ-NMR) are considered here as part of current interest in giant cage-clusters. In addition, the SU2 substructural hierarchy over Liouville space is derived for [A]20(l n ) (I i =1/2) spin cluster of the cage-cluster molecule dodecahedrane; aspects ofI i =1 spin cluster over {|IM (...)〉} space are derived as high temperature model of the exo-cage of [H2O]+ @[H2O]20 cluster ion; 20-fold higher-I i lusters provide models for M @M20 metal-clusters and further applications ofl 20-number partitions.
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  • 4
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Molecular dynamics is used to study the melting and structural transitions of small copper clusters. The melting temperature is found to be proportional to the average coordination number. Small icosahedral clusters melt at slightly higher temperatures than the cubic structures. Small cuboctahedral clusters are not stable but transform via a nondiffusive transition to icosahedral structure.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 261-263 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We apply the nuclear shell model to jellium clusters of up to twenty-one Na atoms. Binding energies, ionization potentials, and photoabsorption cross sections are calculated and compared with mean-field results.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 322-324 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 33.80.E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ionization potentials of AlnCom clusters (n〉m) have been bracketed using laser photoionization mass spectrometry. We find the electronic shell structure manifested in the ionization potentials of Aln for n≥7 is observed also for AlnCo and AlnCo2, and is consistent with cobalt contributing one electron to the conduction band of the cluster. However, with increasing number of cobalt atoms, this simple picture breaks down; all vestiges of aluminum cluster electronic shell structure are absent for m≥4.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 364-366 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 64.60.Qb ; 64.70.Kb ; 82.20.Wt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simulations of clusters containing 100 to 250 molecules of TeF6 successfully reproduce the crystalline packing arrangements observed in electron diffraction investigations of large molecular clusters (∼ 104 molecules) of the same material. More remarkably, when the clusters are cooled step by step in MD computations at a rate of ca. 1011 K/s they spontaneously undergo the same bcc to monoclinic phase transition that has been observed experimentally in supersonic flow, despite the million-fold difference in the timescales involved. The existence of such a correspondence over so many orders of magnitude, in itself, imposes severe constraints on what type of molecular mechanism can underlie the transformation. Even more revealing evidence about the molecular behavior associated with the phase change is provided by the simulations. They show the formation of the actual transition complexes along the transition pathway, namely, the critical nuclei of the new phase. These nuclei, which are made up of approximately 20 molecules, can be recognized in the midst of the surrounding matter. Techniques based on molecular orientations, involving Pawley-Fuchs projections and orientational angular distribution functions, make it possible to estimate the size of critical nuclei. One noteworthy result established in the simulations is that the solid-state transition temperature from bcc to monoclinic depends upon particle size in the same manner as does the freezing point.
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  • 8
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    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 382-384 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 67.90+Z ; 71.90+Q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation and decay processes of helium clusters are investigated with fluorescence methods. The results differ remarkably from that obtained for the heavier rare gas clusters. They are discussed in view of the unusual structural and electronic properties of helium.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 79.20N ; 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The emission of neutral and positively charged silver clusters during sputtering of a polycrystalline silver target by 5 keV Ar+ ion bombardment has been studied and the sputter ejected silver flux has been characterized. As a result, the silver flux is found to be strongly dominated byneutral clusters rather than cluster ions. The contribution of neutral clusters in the overall silver flux decreases rapidly and monotonically with increasing cluster size n and decreases, in addition, with decreasing bombarding energy. The well known alternation of the secondary ion intensities of Ag n + as a function of cluster size (higher intensities for odd n) is found to be correlated with the effective “ionization potentials” of the corresponding sputtered neutral clusters.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 134-136 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The melting properties of Ben, n=7−14, clusters have been studied using molecular dynamics simulations and an interatomic potential which contains two- and three-body terms, derived from local spin density calculations. The cluster meltinglike behavior has been studied calculating characteristic physical quantities like short-time averages of the kinetic energy per particle as a function of time, caloric curves and root-mean-square bond length fluctuations as a function of the cluster total energy. The meltinglike transition in Ben clusters shows more complex features than those found in van der Waals and ionic clusters. The estimated melting temperatures for n=11−14 are higher than the bulk value. This result indicates that the parameters of the cluster interaction potential could be inadequate to describe the thermodynamic properties of Ben clusters.
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