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  • pharmacokinetics  (212)
  • Springer  (212)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • 1990-1994  (212)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
  • 1993  (116)
  • 1992  (96)
  • 1968
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (212)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Springer Nature
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (3)
Years
  • 1990-1994  (212)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of rufloxacin in healthy volunteers (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Rufloxacin ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma and urine kinetics of rufloxacin were assessed in healthy volunteers after single (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg) and multiple (300 mg followed by 150 mg daily, Group 1, and 400 mg followed by 200 mg daily, Group 2) oral doses. The kinetics of a single oral dose of 800 mg was assessed in fasting and non-fasting subjects to assess the influence of food intake on drug absorption. The AUCs were 134, 266 and 375 μg · h · ml−1 after 100, 200 and 400 mg, respectively. The AUC after 800 mg p. o. was 715 μg · h · ml −1 in fasting subjects and 614 μg · h · ml−1 in non-fasting subjects. The parameters of the model and the mean renal clearance values indicated some departure from linearity in rufloxacin kinetics. After multiple doses the plasma drug levels during the 6th treatment day were similar to those after the first dose in Group 1 and were about 30–40% higher after the first dose in Group 2. The half-lives after the last dose were much shorter than those estimated in the single dose studies (33–36 h and 50–80 h, respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314928
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in subjects with renal insufficiency (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 535-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Meropenem ; Carbapenem ; pharmacokinetics ; uraemia ; haemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of IV meropenem (500 mg over 30 min) has been studied in 6 healthy volunteers and 26 patients with various degrees of renal impairment. Blood samples were taken at different times over 24 h in healthy subjects and 36 to 48 h in uraemic patients, and four or five urine samples were collected over 24 or 48 h. Meropenem concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by a microbiological assay. The mean peak plasma concentration of meropenem ranged from 28 to 40 μg·ml−1 and was not affected by the degree of renal impairment. The terminal half-life of meropenem was approximately 1 h in subjects with normal kidney function and it was proportionately increased as renal function decreased. A significant linear relationship between total body clearance and creatinine clearance as well as between renal clearance and creatinine clearance was observed. The mean apparent volume of distribution at steady state was not significantly altered in uraemic patients. The mean cumulative urinary recovery of meropenem in healthy volunteers was 77% of the administered dose and it was significantly decreased in patients with renal impairment. Haemodialysis shortened the elimination half-life, from 9.7 h during the predialysis period to 1.4 h during the dialysis period. The dose of meropenem should be reduced in relation to the decrease in creatinine clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314864
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of mefloquine in the presence of primaquine (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 559-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Mefloquine ; Thai subjects ; pharmacokinetics ; Primaquine ; drug interaction ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314870
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of diphemanil methylsulphate in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 689-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diphemanil methylsulphate ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of oral diphemanil methylsulphate have been evaluated in six healthy male volunteers. Absorption of the drug was slow (tmax=2 to 4 h), the mean half-life was 8.35 h, and the amount of the drug recovered in urine within 48 h ranged from 0.6 to 7.4% of the administered dose. The results suggest low bioavailability, assuming that the drug is poorly metabolized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265939
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose proportionality study of loperamide following oral administration of loperamide oxide (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 693-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Loperamide ; loperamide oxide ; diarrhoea ; pharmacokinetics ; dose-proportionality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of loperamide, after oral administration of increasing doses (1 to 16 mg) of loperamide oxide, has been investigated in 10 healthy male volunteers, using a randomised cross-over design. Comparison of the maximum plasma loperamide concentration and AUC demonstrated that the bioavailability of loperamide was proportional to the dose of loperamide oxide administered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265940
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the accuracy of a pharmacokinetically-based patient-controlled analgesia system (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Morphine ; Patient-controlled analgesia ; opioids ; pharmacokinetics ; bolus-elimination-transfer ; computer-assisted continuous infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bone marrow transplant patients having severe, prolonged oral mucositis pain (expected to last for one to three weeks) used a computer-controlled infusion system to self-administer morphine for pain control. Individual patient pharmacokinetic information, derived from a pretreatment bolus morphine dose, was used in a new bolus-elimination transfer algorithm to produce rapid adjustments of steady plasma morphine concentrations when the patient requested more or less drug. We evaluated the performance characteristics (bias and precision) of this pharmacokinetically based patient-controlled analgesic infusion system (PKPCA) in a group of 15 cancer patients over six to 14 days. Although we found a three- to fivefold pharmaco-kinetic variability in the tailoring morphine dose data, the PKPCA system was free of systematic bias (insignificant overall prediction error) during the patient-controlled infusions in this study population. The absolute prediction error was 19.9% for the group on the first study day and 25.6% over the entire study period (aggregate results; 6–14 days of continuous use). Two-thirds of the patients exhibited no bias throughout the study period, and individual bias in the others was symmetrically distributed (three patients with underpredictions and two overpredicted). Magnitude of prediction error during the patient-controlled morphine infusions was not related to the magnitude of pharmacokinetic deviation of individual subjects from group parameters. Our results indicate that this PKPCA system provides accurate control of plasma morphine concentration when used by patients to self-administer opioid for prolonged pain relief continuously over 1 to 2 weeks. Use of individual pharmacokinetic information, instead of population parameters, may account for superior performance characteristic of this computer-assisted continuous drug infusion system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280757
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady state pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin in elderly patients and young volunteers (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Indomethacin ; steady-state ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady-state pharmacokinetic profile of indomethacin was examined in twelve healthy volunteers (4 m, 8 f; 20–34 y) and in 12 elderly subjects (7 m, 5 f; 70–88 y). Two formulations of indomethacin were examined, providing duplicate data for each subject group. The subjects received each formulation of indomethacin (25 mg tid) for 6 days in a single blind crossover fashion. On day 7, after an overnight fast, a final 25 mg dose of indomethacin was given and plasma concentrations measured over the following 12 h. Kinetic parameters Cpmin, tmx and AUC (0–12 h) were determined. There were no differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between young and elderly subjects or between data for the two formulations of indomethacin. AUC values (μg · ml−1 · h), for example, for the two formulations in the young subjects were 5.85 and 6.85 while the values for the elderly subjects were 6.55 and 6.50 respectively. When each treatment period was considered independently there was a significant difference between young and elderly subjects with regard to compliance. The rates of non compliance (over and under compliance) using a capsule count technique were, however, low with a mean maximum value of 5.8% being recorded for the elderly subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280758
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and dialysability of isradipine in chronic haemodialysis patients (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Isradipine ; Haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; dialysability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of isradipine, a calcium-channel blocker, have been studied in eight patients on chronic haemodialysis. A single oral dose of 5 mg was administered on both a non-haemodialysis and a haemodialysis day and the plasma concentrations of isradipine were analyzed. The mean cmax, tmax, AUC, and t1/2 in plasma on the non-haemodialysis day were 5.2 ng·ml−1, 1.4 h, 23.8 ng·h·ml−1, and 3.1 h, respectively. The dialysis clearance of isradipine was negligible (5.0 ml·min−1). The t1/2 values during haemodialysis were not significantly different from those observed during the same period post dose on the non-haemodialysis day. The study demonstrates that supplemental doses of isradipine are not necessary in these patients since isradipine is not significantly removed by haemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278492
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of a single oral dose of the novel ACE inhibitor spirapril in patients with chronic liver disease (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Liver cirrhosis ; Spirapril ; ACE inhibitor ; pharmacokinetics ; haemodynamic effects ; liver function tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and haemodynamic effects of orally administered spirapril, a novel angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, have been investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis (n=10), in patients with chronic, non-cirrhotic liver disease (n=8) and in a control group of healthy subjects (n=16). The absorption and elimination of spirapril did not differ between patients with liver disease and control subjects. In contrast, the bioavailability of spiraprilat, the metabolite responsible for the pharmacological action of spirapril, was significantly reduced in patients (AUC 820 μg·h·l−1, 923 μg·h·l−1 and 1300 μg·h·l−1 in patients with cirrhosis, patients with non-cirrhotic liver disease and in healthy subjects, respectively. Compared to healthy subjects, cirrhotic patients had a reduced rate constant of spiraprilat formation (1.10 h−1 in patients vs. 2.00 h−1 in control subjects) while the elimination half-life of spiraprilat was not different. The effect of spirapril on diastolic blood pressure was decreased in patients with chronic liver disease as compared to the controls. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of spirapril was unchanged in patients with different types of liver disease, including cirrhosis. However, the bioavailability of spiraprilat and hypotensive effect of spirapril were reduced in patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315391
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling circadian variation in the pharmacokinetics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Circadian rhythms ; Indomethacin ; Ketoprofen ; pharmacokinetics ; time-varying models ; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A one-compartment model with first-order absorption has provided good fits to five sets of indomethacin data and four sets of ketoprofen data taken at different times of day. There was substantial variation in the model parameters with time of administration and most of the features of this variation applied equally to both drugs. From the data examined, the source of variation appears to be mainly in the absorption phase and this was confirmed using a chronokinetic analysis, in which simultaneous fits were obtained with time-variant rate parameters. However, there may also be circadian variation in protein binding. The danger of quoting parameter values for either of these two drugs based on administration at a single time of day has been illustrated, and this may well be true for other drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265955
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