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  • Chemical Engineering  (659)
  • CHEMISTRY
  • 1970-1974  (525)
  • 1965-1969  (554)
  • 1974  (525)
  • 1968  (554)
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  • 1970-1974  (525)
  • 1965-1969  (554)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear feedforward control of chemical reactors (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper illustrates the synthesis of nonlinear feedforward controllers for chemical reactors. In most of the theoretical development and application of feedforward control only linear systems have been considered. There are, however, no inherent linear limitations in feedforward control. Since chemical reactors are usually nonlinear, the effectiveness of control should be improved by including nonlinearities in the design of feedforward controllers. This is particularly true for batch reactors because of the large changes in variables during a batch cycle. Continuous stirred-tank reactors are studied with single and consecutive reactions of first and higher order. Effectiveness of linear and nonlinear feedforward controllers is compared for disturbances of various magnitude and direction. Feedforward control of batch and tubular reactors is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer through horizontal liquid films in wavy motion (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of standing waves of controlled amplitude and frequency on the steady state rate of mass transfer through thin horizontal liquid layers is studied experimentally. The variables studied are the film thickness, the amplitude and frequency of the waves, and the spacing between the probes generating the waves. A bulk motion of complicated pattern known as drift is caused by the finite amplitude of the waves. The rate of mass transfer in the absence of imposed vibration is two to three times greater than that expected by molecular diffusion alone. Vibration increases the rate up to an order of magnitude or more, depending on the hydrodynamic conditions. The data at low frequencies are correlated by an expression of the form (i-io)/idiff = KAf3/4h1/2L-1/2.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete dynamic optimization applied to on-line optimal control (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general method has been developed for controlling deterministic systems described by linear or linearized dynamics. The discrete problem has been treated in detail. Step-by-step optimal controls for a quadratic performance index have been derived. The method accommodates upper and lower limits on the components of the control vector.A small binary distillation unit was considered as a typical application of the method. The control vector was made up of feed rate, reflux ratio, and reboiler heat load. Control to a desired state and about a load upset was effected.Calculations are performed quite rapidly and only grow significantly with an increase in the dimension of the control vector. Extension to much larger distillation units with the same controls thus seems practical.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer between immiscible liquid metals (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extraction of lanthanum and barium from single falling drops of the uranium-chromium eutectic into magnesium was studied at 1,000°C. Because of the short contact times involved, the data best fit the stagnant diffusion model for lanthanum. For barium, the fraction extracted was governed by external resistance of the magnesium phase. Drop velocities were adequately represented by the Hu-Kintner correlation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer and wake phenomena (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The external velocity field associated with the fall of a single drop through a quiescent liquid phase is discussed. The field responsible for the transfer of vorticity from the point of generation to the disperse phase is assumed to be almost identical with the field that transfers mass from the drop interface. The stream surfaces associated with this field are made visible by means of dye trails. Since the field is not amenable to mathematical formulation, and since many reports appear in the literature concerning correlations between measurable flow parameters and the physical properties of the system, the field configurations relative to mass transfer mechanisms are considered qualitatively. The delineation of the flow patterns behind the drop gives some indication of the manner in which the external flow contributes to the transfer coefficients.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140211
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On certain unsteady torsional flows of simple fluids (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an investigation of the equations of motion to find the conditions under which these equations admit exact viscometric solutions for certain unsteady torsional flows of incompressible simple fluids. In general, for the cone and plane and the parallel disk geometries, curvilineal solutions do not exist for arbitrary members of the class of simple fluids; however, if the inertia terms can be neglected in the equations of motion, curvilineal solutions can be found for the complete class of simple fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of reaction on a spherical particle (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a theoretical study of the stability of chemical reaction on the external surface of a single spherical particle in stagnant surroundings. The analysis, which invokes methods of linear stability theory, yields necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of a steady state solution to small disturbances for the cases of very small and very large solid thermal conductivity. It is shown that heat losses from the solid surface may lead to transient behavior which is characteristically different from that for adiabatic surfaces, and that the unsteady state is strongly affected by the thermal capacity of the solid material. A numerical example is employed to illustrate the possible significance of unstable situations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140217
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A comparison of the kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions occurring in a spherical particle is presented. The similarities and differences of the unreacted-core shrinking model and the homogeneous model are examined in light of the rate-controlling factors. In view of the similarity of the two models, it is shown that erroneous conclusions in regard to the mechanism and the activation energies may be drawn from an analysis of the experimental data. A more versatile model is presented in order to augment the two models so that wider varieties of solid-gas reaction systems may be treated. The concept of effectiveness factors in solid-gas reactions is introduced, and the influence of diffusion is ascertained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140218
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On a transformation of the equation describing steady diffusion through a stagnant gas (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 350-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140224
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of Krasovskii's theorem for stability analysis (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 356-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140229
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