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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (1,999)
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  • 2020-2022
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  • 1995-1999  (5,140)
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  • 11
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    Enhancement of class II-restricted T cell responses by costimulatory NK receptors for class I MHC proteins (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: An important feature of the human immune system is the ability of T cells to respond to small quantities of antigen. Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells that expressed a costimulatory natural killer (NK) cell receptor for class I MHC proteins were cloned. In the presence of low doses of superantigen, the proliferative response of these T cell clones was three- to ninefold greater when the T cells were costimulated by way of the NK receptor. Thus, the action of costimulatory NK receptors on T cells may play a significant role in initiating and sustaining immune responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mandelboim, O -- Davis, D M -- Reyburn, H T -- Vales-Gomez, M -- Sheu, E G -- Pazmany, L -- Strominger, J L -- CA 47554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2097-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jlstrom@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; HLA Antigens/immunology ; HLA-C Antigens/immunology ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Receptors, Immunologic/*immunology ; Superantigens/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Evidence for the conformation of the pathologic isoform of the prion protein enciphering and propagating prion diversity (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: The fundamental event in prion diseases seems to be a conformational change in cellular prion protein (PrPC) whereby it is converted into the pathologic isoform PrPSc. In fatal familial insomnia (FFI), the protease-resistant fragment of PrPSc after deglycosylation has a size of 19 kilodaltons, whereas that from other inherited and sporadic prion diseases is 21 kilodaltons. Extracts from the brains of FFI patients transmitted disease to transgenic mice expressing a chimeric human-mouse PrP gene about 200 days after inoculation and induced formation of the 19-kilodalton PrPSc fragment, whereas extracts from the brains of familial and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease patients produced the 21-kilodalton PrPSc fragment in these mice. The results presented indicate that the conformation of PrPSc functions as a template in directing the formation of nascent PrPSc and suggest a mechanism to explain strains of prions where diversity is encrypted in the conformation of PrPSc.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Telling, G C -- Parchi, P -- DeArmond, S J -- Cortelli, P -- Montagna, P -- Gabizon, R -- Mastrianni, J -- Lugaresi, E -- Gambetti, P -- Prusiner, S B -- NS07219/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2079-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*pathology ; *Brain Chemistry ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/*chemistry ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/pathology/transmission ; Prions/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Loss of heterozygosity in normal tissue adjacent to breast carcinomas (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected in morphologically normal lobules adjacent to breast cancers. The most frequent aberration was at chromosome 3p22-25; of ten cases with this LOH in the carcinoma, six displayed the same LOH in adjacent normal lobules. This suggests that in a subset of sporadic breast cancers, a tumor suppresser gene at 3p22-25 may be important in initiation or early progression of tumorigenesis. Among sixteen breast cancers with LOH at 17p13.1 and five breast cancers with LOH at 11p15.5, one case each displayed the same LOH in adjacent normal lobules. Thus the molecular heterogeneity that characterizes invasive breast cancers may occur at the earliest detectable stages of progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, G -- Lu, Y -- Zlotnikov, G -- Thor, A D -- Smith, H S -- 2P50CA58207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2057-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geraldine Brush Cancer Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, 2330 Clay Street, San Francisco, CA 94619, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8953032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Breast/chemistry/*pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/chemistry/*genetics/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry/*genetics/pathology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; DNA/genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Meeting standards (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borelli, T -- Kassman, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):1995.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Great Britain ; Humans ; *Neoplasms ; Periodicals as Topic ; Research/*standards ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Tobacco Industry ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Consequences of retinal color coding for cortical color decoding (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Billock, V A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 20;274(5295):2118-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Color Perception ; Humans ; Macaca ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/*physiology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Scientists angle for answers (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1837-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disorders of Sex Development/chemically induced/*veterinary ; Estradiol/analysis/toxicity ; Estrogens/*analysis/toxicity ; Estrone/analysis/toxicity ; Ethinyl Estradiol/analysis ; Female ; Fish Diseases/*chemically induced ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Sewage/*chemistry ; Vitellogenins/biosynthesis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Latest Homo erectus of Java: potential contemporaneity with Homo sapiens in southeast Asia (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: Hominid fossils from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central Java, are considered the most morphologically advanced representatives of Homo erectus. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and mass spectrometric U-series dating of fossil bovid teeth collected from the hominid-bearing levels at these sites gave mean ages of 27 +/- 2 to 53.3 +/- 4 thousand years ago; the range in ages reflects uncertainties in uranium migration histories. These ages are 20,000 to 400,000 years younger than previous age estimates for these hominids and indicate that H. erectus may have survived on Java at least 250,000 years longer than on the Asian mainland, and perhaps 1 million years longer than in Africa. The new ages raise the possibility that H. erectus overlapped in time with anatomically modern humans (H. sapiens) in Southeast Asia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Swisher, C C 3rd -- Rink, W J -- Anton, S C -- Schwarcz, H P -- Curtis, G H -- Suprijo, A -- Widiasmoro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1870-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Road, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Asia, Southeastern ; Australia ; Cattle ; Dental Enamel/chemistry ; Dentin/chemistry ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Mass Spectrometry ; Paleodontology ; *Paleontology ; Uranium/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Functions of ceramide in coordinating cellular responses to stress (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: Sphingolipid metabolites participate in key events of signal transduction and cell regulation. In the sphingomyelin cycle, a number of extracellular agents and insults (such as tumor necrosis factor, Fas ligands, and chemotherapeutic agents) cause the activation of sphingomyelinases, which act on membrane sphingomyelin and release ceramide. Multiple experimental approaches suggest an important role for ceramide in regulating such diverse responses as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell senescence. In vitro, ceramide activates a serine-threonine protein phosphatase, and in cells it regulates protein phosphorylation as well as multiple downstream targets [such as interleukin converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases, stress-activated protein kinases, and the retinoblastoma gene product] that mediate its distinct cellular effects. This spectrum of inducers of ceramide accumulation and the nature of ceramide-mediated responses suggest that ceramide is a key component of intracellular stress response pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hannun, Y A -- GM43825/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1855-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The author is in the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943189" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Aging ; *Cell Cycle ; Ceramides/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Sphingomyelins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: Learners rely on a combination of experience-independent and experience-dependent mechanisms to extract information from the environment. Language acquisition involves both types of mechanisms, but most theorists emphasize the relative importance of experience-independent mechanisms. The present study shows that a fundamental task of language acquisition, segmentation of words from fluent speech, can be accomplished by 8-month-old infants based solely on the statistical relationships between neighboring speech sounds. Moreover, this word segmentation was based on statistical learning from only 2 minutes of exposure, suggesting that infants have access to a powerful mechanism for the computation of statistical properties of the language input.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saffran, J R -- Aslin, R N -- Newport, E L -- DC00167/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000167/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000167-26/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD037082/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Discrimination Learning ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; *Learning ; *Speech Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Learning rediscovered (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bates, E -- Elman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1849-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. bates@cr1.ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8984644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; *Learning ; *Speech Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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