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  • Articles  (52)
  • Numerical Methods  (50)
  • polyvinyl chloride  (2)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (52)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • Springer Nature
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (52)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 2010
  • 1987  (28)
  • 1986  (24)
  • 1964
  • Mathematics  (50)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (2)
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  • Articles  (52)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (52)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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  • 2020-2022
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (52)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity of the pyrolysis and combustion products of poly(vinyl chlorides): A literature assessment (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 131-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: carbon monoxide ; combustion products ; hydrochloric acid ; large-scale fire tests ; polyvinyl chloride ; pyrolysis products ; small-scale fire tests ; toxicity ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chlorides) (PVC) constitute a major class of synthetic plastics, Many surveys of the voluminous literature have been performed. This report reviews the literature published in English from 1969 through 1984 and endeavors to be more interpretive than comprehensive. PVC compounds, in general, are among the more fire resistant common organic polymers, natural or synthetic. The major products of thermal decomposition include hydrogen chloride, benzene and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In the presence of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water are included among the common combustion products. The main toxic products from PVC fires are hydrogen chloride (a sensory and pulmonary irritant) and carbon monoxide (an asphyxiant). The LC50 value calculated for a series of natural and synthetic materials thermally decomposed according to the NBS toxicity test method ranged from 0.045 to 57 mg l-1 in the flaming mode and from 0.045 to 〉 40 mg l-1 in the non-flaming mode. The LC50 results for a PVC resin decomposed under the same conditions were 17 mg l-1 in the flaming mode and 20 mg l-1 in the non-flaming mode. These results indicate that PVC decomposition products are not extremely toxic when compared with those from other common building materials. When the combustion toxicity (based on their HCI content) of PVC materials in compared with pure HCI experiments, it appears that much of the post-exposure toxicity can be explained by the HCI that is generated.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810110303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A summary of the NBS literature reviews on the chemical nature and toxicity of the pyrolysis and combustion products from seven plastics: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes (ABS), nylons, polyesters, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, poly(vinyl chlorides) and rigid polyurethane foams (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 11 (1987), S. 143-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: ABS ; plastics ; chemistry ; combustion products ; literature reviews ; nylon ; polyester ; polyethylene ; polystyrene ; polyvinyl chloride ; pyrolysis products ; polyurethane foams ; rigid foams ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of literature reviews was undertaken by the National Bureau of Standards to examine the toxicity and chemistry of the effluents produced when seven plastics were decomposed under various thermal and atmospheric condition. These plastics are: acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes, nylons, polyesters, polyethylenes, polystyrenes, poly(vinyl chlorides) and rigid polyurethane foams. The English-language literature on each of these was reviewed and published as a separate report of the National Bureau of Standards. Over 400 different thermal decomposition products, many common to more than one plastic, were identified. The toxicity of most of these individual products is products, many common to more than one plastic, were identified. The toxicity of most of these individual products is unknown and an assessment of the toxicity of the multitude of possible combinations is not feasible at this time. Therefore a variety of bioassay toxicity protocols have been used to assess the toxicity of the gaseous atmospheres generated by the thermal decomposition of these plastics. In general, these seven plastics did not produce unusually or extremely toxic pyrolysis or combustion products when compared with those of other synthetic or natural materials. In a few cases involving additives, toxic products of concern were produced.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810110304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On least-squares approximations to compressible flow problems (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 2 (1986), S. 207-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A direct finite-element method for computer solutions of compressible potential flow problems is presented. An analysis of least-squares approximation is given, including optimal order estimates for piecewise polynomial approximation spaces. The model problem considered is that of potential flow past a cylinder. Numerical results for the model problem are given for a shock-free subsonic case.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690020305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An explicit finite difference solution to the convection-dispersion equationPresented at the Fifth IMACS International Symposium on Computer Methods for Partial Differential Equations. (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 2 (1986), S. 229-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: An explicit finite difference equation has been development for the solution of the convection-dispersion equation. This equation has been over the entire range of 2D/vΔx between zero and one, region where no completely satisfactory method has been previously available. No oscillations or numerical dispersion were observed in any of the solutions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690020306
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discontinuities across element interfaces in the global element method (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 2 (1986), S. 259-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this article we extend the global element method formalism (Delves and Hall, 1979) for two-dimensional partial differential equations to admit the possibility of solution discontinuities across element interfaces. This extension has particular relevance to problems involving sinks and sources, such as occur in oil well or groundwater management.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690020403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient boundary element methods for three-dimensional exterior viscous flows (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 2 (1986), S. 273-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: An efficient numerical algorithm for partial differential equations in complicated three-dimensional (3-D) geometries is developed in case of exterior viscous flows. The algorithm essentially consists of a boundary element method, where the resulting algebraic system is solved with a multigrid procedure. Our investigation covers and exact mathematical foundation, a detailed analysis of the discretization error, and some numerical tests with reasonable physical examples.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690020404
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 3 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690030101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A nondispersive and nondissipative numerical method for first-order linear hyperbolic partial differential equations (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 3 (1987), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We propose a new numerical method for a solution of first-order linear hyperbolic equations. The leap-frog scheme is converted to a nondispersive scheme by introducing an adjustable constant in a fictitious absorption term. Then the erroneous decrease in th solution is eliminated by solving two equations equivalent to the original equation. The new scheme perfectly preserves the form of a discontinuous solution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690030102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 3 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690030201
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A highly accurate and stable explicit finite difference solution to the convection-dispersion equation with varying velocity and dispersion coefficients (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 3 (1987), S. 87-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Based on the implicit form of the finite difference analogue to the convection-dispersion equation of variable velocity and dispersion coefficients, a highly accurate and stable explicit finite difference scheme has been developed by extending the von Rosenberg linear scheme to the varying cases. This variable velocity and dispersion coefficient scheme has been tested for the entire range of (2D/vΔ x) between zero and unity, the region where no completely satisfactory numerical method has been previously available. No oscillations or numerical dispersion were observed in any of the solutions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.1690030202
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