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  • Articles  (1,553)
  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999
  • 1960-1964  (1,553)
  • 1963  (1,553)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (1,553)
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  • Articles  (1,553)
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  • 2020-2022
  • 1995-1999
  • 1960-1964  (1,553)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geophysics as an Aid to the Small Water Well Contractor (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper geophysical techniques, as used in ground-water exploration are subdivided into “bore-hole” and “surface” methods. The former include the commonly used electrical and gamma-ray logging and the less commonly used hole calipering and current meter logging. Also included with this classification, but important enough to be considered separately, is the field of water-level measurements. The surface techniques discussed include electrical resistivity and refraction seismograph exploration.Because of the type of data which they yield the surface methods are most economical where much area is to be explored and large quantities of water are needed. These factors limit the use of the techniques by small water well contractors in domestic water well work. These same contractors, on the other hand, can gain real economic advantages, in many cases, by use of one or more of the bore-hole methods.Geophysical methods properly used can do much to guide the water well contractor. It is extremely important, however, that their use be carefully directed because in the past, where geophysical methods have failed, it has often been due to the incorrect application of the technique, rather than a failure of the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01904.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recharge Rates of Principal Aquifers in Lake County, Indiana (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The upper 350 to 400 feet of rocks underlying Lake County, Indiana, form a single but complex hydrologic system. The rock units composing this system consist (in ascending order) of dolomite, clay till (unit 4), glaciofluvial sand (unit 3), clay till (unit 2), and lacustrine sand, silt, and clay (unit 1). The dolomite and unit 3 form the principal aquifers and the clay tills, units 4 and 2, the confining layers.The geohydrology of the confining layers controls to a large extent the rate at which the aquifers are recharged from local precipitation and, thereby, their potential yield. Unit 4, the dolomite's confining layer, has an estimated average vertical permeability of about 0.003 gpd (gallon per day) per square foot. Under present conditions of head difference, the rate of recharge to the dolomite through unit 4 is estimated to average 20,000 gpd per square mile. Unit 2, the confining layer for unit 3, has an average estimated vertical permeability of about 0.007 gpd per square foot. Under present conditions of head difference the recharge through unit 3's confining layer is estimated to average about 100,000 gpd per square mile. However, these rates of recharge can be expected to increase as the head difference across each confining layer increases with extensive development of the aquifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01928.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saline-Water Development Poses Problems in Metal Corrosion (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Saline waters usually are more corrosive to metals than ordinary fresh waters. To predict whether saline ground water will be corrosive to steel, it is necessary to understand the effect of such factors as: (1) the salt content, (2) the dissolved gases, (3) the pH, (4) the temperature, and (5) the tendency to form mineral scale. If the water contains several thousand parts per million of sodium and other chlorides, it is likely to attack many metals, particularly steel and low-alloy steels. Stainless steels, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, and some nickel-base alloys also may be attacked, depending on conditions.Of the dissolved gases, oxygen is most important. The higher the oxygen content the more corrosive the saline water, particularly to steel. On the other hand, high-oxygen content tends to promote passivation of aluminum and stainless steels. If the saline water is acid (with a pH well below 5), direct attack of the metal accompanied by hydrogen evolution may be expected. Under these conditions, the rate of attack often is very rapid and oxygen is not needed for the corrosion reaction.As the temperature is increased, the corrosion rate usually is accelerated. However, if one considers a saline water at atmospheric pressure, an increase in temperature will reduce the oxygen solubility. It has been observed that high-temperature brines from anaerobic wells usually do not corrode steel. Also metastable waters, containing calcium and magnesium salts, may form mineral scale upon being heated. This scale, if it forms a tight coating, slows down or stops corrosion. Galvanic couples in equipment such as valves, pumps, screens, and well fittings in general, often are a serious corrosion problem in practice.It is recommended that pilot corrosion studies be made of candidate designs in a specific ground water at the pressure and temperature which exists in service. Many saline waters, particularly those containing oxygen, are found corrosive to common metals. Some of the factors which influence corrosion are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01929.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ground-Water Conditions in the Carrizo Sand in Texas (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The Carrizo sand aquifer of Eocene age furnishes water to wells in a belt extending from the Rio Grande in South Texas northeastward to Louisiana, a distance of 500 miles. It is one of the most important water-bearing formations in Texas, and has a large potential for additional development of ground water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01930.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is Your “Water Bank Account” Top Heavy with Capital? (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Lakes and ponds are “stored” waters or a water bank “principal,” the interest being the diffused surface waters, underground waters, and natural streams or water courses depositing in the “storage.” The natural use of “surface water” or waters able to be seen, has been for the most part the major concern of water bankers, but the time has come to put the “vault storage” into circulation and make it a part of the “money flow.”Ground water can be removed for use in amounts depending in part on the quantity of water in the underground storage reservoir. A ground-water reservoir must be “drawn down” to cause its greatest efficiency. The rate of depletion of the various natural resources makes it mandatory that we use our “water bank account capital” where such use can provide benefits to mankind not otherwise available, where such “capital” depletion is over a sufficiently long period to allow adjustment prior to complete depletion, and where the cost of capital for such use can be amortized over an acceptable period of time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01931.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water from the Cretaceous Sands in Cochran County, Texas (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: During recent years an ever-increasing number of oil operators in West Texas have been faced with the problem of securing relatively large amounts of water to stimulate additional oil production from the region's waning oil reservoirs. Such operations are termed secondary recovery, or in particular, water flooding, which consists of forcing and stripping oil from the voids of the oil reservoirs by the injection of water through retired oil wells. As previously mentioned, this process requires relatively large amounts of water of a quality compatible with the oilfield equipment and the oil reservoir.From 1949 through 1959, in a 30-county West Texas area, secondary oil recovery operations have increased from 14 to 223 projects. As of January 1960, in the Southern High Plains from Hockley and Cochran Counties, southward through Midland and Ector Counties, there were 96 source wells producing about 12,000 acre-feet of water annually for water-flooding operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01933.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WATER-LEVEL TRENDS IN KEY OBSERVATION WELLS MAY -JULY 1963 (Abstracted from U. S. Geological Survey “Water Resources Review”) (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01934.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and Phosphates as Ground-Water Tracers (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This study was undertaken to determine the effect of recharging warm air conditioning and storm waters on ground-water temperatures in the West Lafayette, Indiana area and to establish the direction of flow of the recharged water out of the recharge pit.During 1961–62 Purdue University has discharged approximately 4.0 MGD (million gallons per day) of water at an abandoned gravel pit south of the campus. This water had a temperature averaging 77° F and a phosphate content of about 4 ppm. In order to obtain the proposed objective, weekly temperature measurements were taken at selected points throughout the area involved in the study. Water samples were collected at some of these locations every two weeks. The samples were analyzed for phosphate content. The research program extended over a period of twelve months.The results obtained indicated that the influence of ground-water recharge on ground-water temperatures appeared to be localized to a small area surrounding the pit. No evidence was found to indicate that recharge at the pit was causing any increases of ground-water temperatures for more than about 1,000 feet from the pit.Although the results of phosphate testing were not conclusive, they seemed to be in close agreement with the temperature measurements in indicating the direction and velocity of ground-water flow. The direction of flow of the recharged water was found to be south toward the Wabash River, but could only be established for a short distance (approximately 1,000 feet). Ground-water velocity was calculated to be about 1.7 feet per day using ground-water temperatures as the tracer, and 2.3 feet per day when phosphate concentration was the tracer used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01932.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic Sediments in River Beds by W. V. Karr - July, 1963 (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01935.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    El Salvador, Central America (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01936.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic Sediments in River Beds (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01917.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porosity of Sands and Gravels (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01919.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrologic Bench Marks to Distinguish the Effects of Climate vs. Man (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: There is a vital need for hydrologic data representing various environments that are free from the effects of man's activities. Without such data hydrologists will be stymied in distinguishing hydrologic changes caused by man from those caused by climate. To provide this background information, the U. S. Geological Survey is planning a nationwide hydrologic bench-mark program in which runoff, transport of sediment, precipitation, changes in vegetation, fluctuations in ground water, and other hydrologic events will be studied in locales unaffected by the works of man. The knowledge gained in operating these bench marks will be invaluable in statistical appraisals of hydrologic data wherein a part of the record is affected by man's activities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01918.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Power Auger in Ground-Water Exploration in Ohio (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The power auger is a useful tool in the fields of ground-water geology and hydrology. The Ohio Division of Water has had excellent success in utilizing this type of equipment during the past seven years. Augering is an economical and effective method of drilling test holes in unconsolidated deposits provided the tool is used within its limitations and where it works best. The augering method is particularly useful to the ground-water investigator exploring sand and gravel aquifers or buried bedrock valleys, installing drive points, and making seismic refraction surveys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01920.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacteriological and Chemical Factors in Induced Infiltration (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The lowering of ground-water levels by pumping from Horizontal or vertical wells near a surface stream may cause water to move from the stream into the water-bearing materials by the process known as induced infiltration. In such cases, the natural deposits of sand and gravel serve as large natural filter beds effectively removing or reducing turbidity, organic matter and pathogenic bacteria. This paper discusses the general processes by which such removal is accomplished as well as the significance of certain changes in chemical characteristics of the water as it passes from a surface source to an underground point of collection. By a better understanding of the processes involved, the bacteriological and chemical quantities of infiltrated water supplies can be improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01905.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subterranean Natural Brines Produce Sodium Sulphate in West Texas (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Profitable production of sodium sulphate from natural brine occurs only in California and Texas. Although the Ozark-Mahoning Company developed sodium sulphate production from natural brine in the Monahans, Texas, area during the early 1930's, Pleistocene deposits in the “Rich Lake” and Brownfield depression areas of Terry County have recently been developed. The unusual geology of these deposits and production methods utilized are briefly described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01925.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REFLECTIONS ON WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: “Fortunately, this nation is well endowed with water. We get enough precipitation every year to cover the whole country with water 30 inches deep.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01907.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Aspects of Chemical Equilibrium in Ground Water (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The influence of individual factors such as geologic and hydrologic characteristics of environment, biologic activity in soil, and pollutants on ground-water composition is discussed. Aspects of chemical equilibria in ground water, sorption reactions, carbonate equilibria, chemistry of iron, and factors altering equilibria are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01924.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Aspects of Sampling Salty Ground Water in Coastal Aquifers (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Investigations of the fluctuations of chloride content in wells that tap the zone of diffusion between fresh and salt water show that the salty well water behaves erratically when the well is pumped. Frequently, a static distribution of chloride content that ranges from less than 1,000 ppm at the top to more than 10,000 ppm at the bottom is present in the open-hole part of a well. When the well is pumped, the discharge water tends to come from the upper part of the open hole because less energy is expended by removal of low-density water from this region than by removal of high-density water from the lower part of the open hole. Where the permeability of strata in the deep part of the open hole is greater than that in the shallow part, the tendency for natural selection of the less dense, shallow water is suppressed, and practically all the water in the blend comes from the deep part.As a result of this complex interrelation of hydraulics, distribution and density of the salt water, and permeability, the depth at which the pumped water enters the well bore is indeterminate. This deficiency leads to the use of multiple-depth-bottle, windshield-wiper, and electrical-conductivity sampling techniques for collection of data used in constructing maps and cross sections that show the areal-depth relations of salt water in the Biscayne aquifer of the Miami area, Florida.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01903.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Russian Contributions to the Theory of Ground-Water Flow (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, some examples of original Russian work in the development of the theory of ground-water flow are given. Their practical usefulness is analyzed. Comparisons with some of the more refined Western methods are made. Typical examples include seepage under hydraulic structures and well flow in leaky aquifers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01906.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modern Water-Well Drilling Techniques in Use in the United Kingdom (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The paper describes the main water-well drilling systems used in the United Kingdom, with some details of the tools used and the principles of operation.Limitations as regards diameter and depth for various systems and their suitability for drilling different strata are discussed. The materials customarily employed for lining wells and for making sand screens are mentioned. The usual method of measuring the deflexion from the vertical is outlined.Methods of developing or improving the yields of wells, and inspections by television cameras are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01916.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large Diameter Hole Drilling (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The construction features of large diameter wells drilled mostly on Long Island, measuring 24 to 42 inches in diameter, and ranging from 100 to 1,000 feet deep with capacities up to 3,000 gpm are described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01909.x
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saline Ground Water in Southern Florida (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Southern Florida is known for its abundant but seasonal rainfall, and its large quantities of ground water; however, parts of its principal aquifers contain water of inferior quality. Coastal aquifers that yield fresh water for municipal supplies, industry, and irrigation, are subject to sea-water encroachment as water use increases. In inland locations, parts of these aquifers contain salty remnants from ancient inundating seas. The highly productive artesian Floridan aquifer contains saline water throughout southern Florida. The rapid development of south Florida will eventually require greater use of saline water resources.In the Naples area of southwestern Florida large quantities of moderately saline water in an inland area can be developed by shallow wells or can be drained westward to replenish the aquifer in the coastal area. Accelerated flushing caused by increased drainage and water use should gradually improve the quality of the water in the aquifer in the inland area.Irrigational and industrial use of water from the Floridan aquifer are increasing in areas where the mineralization is not critical. In the future it may be used to maintain water levels in parts of the Everglades National Park during periods of prolonged drought, to sustain the ecology, and to control fires. In coastal Miami it may prove feasible to inject artesian water into the shallow Biscayne aquifer to cut off the tongue of encroaching sea water. Development of artesian water poses the problem of possible contamination of shallow aquifers by leakage through corroded well casings or into uncased zones.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01908.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industry Looks at Saline Ground Water (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Industry uses water for two basic purposes; for cooling and for process. The volume used for cooling is far greater than that used for process and on that basis, water for cooling is the most important use of this resource by industry. Generally, the water used for cooling or process purposes ranges in character from fresh to brackish; that is, waters having a sodium chloride concentration ranging from a few ppm to less than 3000 ppm. Above a concentration of 3000 ppm, the water is generally classified as salt or saline and it is this water and its potential use by industry which is discussed in this paper.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1963.tb01902.x
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  • 25
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    Waste Management Activities in the Atomic Energy Commission (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The technical and administrative aspects of radioactive waste management in the light of existing experience and knowledge is discussed. This discussion is related to possible future requirements for the adequate engineering, public health and administrative control of radioactive effluents from various nuclear energy activities.The variety of radioactive wastes are categorized in a general way on the basis of their hazard potential to emphasize that the problem of radioactive waste management has numerous facets and is not amenable to a single, universal solution. The role of specific environments in waste disposal practices is summarized and the basic approaches (“dilute and disperse” and “concentrate and contain”) to effluent control are defined. Distinction is made between basic radiation protection standards or guides, and operating or performance criteria that must be established in connection with effluent control operations in order to assure the protection of public health and safety.Examples of radioactive waste disposal practice and experience in the United States for different types of wastes are described and tentative conclusions are drawn regarding the capabilities and limitations of these practices.The scope and objectives of the research and development program in this field are summarized. The status of work in major waste disposal development projects is noted.Development of guides and criteria and their application in establishment of health and safety regulations and other pertinent administrative procedures is discussed. The utilization, to the maximum practicable extent, of existing laws and administrative procedures in existing agencies at various levels of government is suggested as being advantageous from an administrative and public relations standpoint.Economic factors related to handling and disposal of radioactive wastes are noted, including relation of nuclear plant location to disposal requirements. It is pointed out that, although total costs for treatment and disposal are substantial, the cost per unit of electrical energy produced is a rather small percentage of the total cost per unit of energy.
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    Television — A New Tool for the Ground-Water Geologist (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The television camera has become a tool of the ground-water geologist, enabling him to examine visually the inside of a well deep below the land surface. Using the camera, the rocks can be viewed in place. Of great importance to the ground-water studies in coastal Georgia, the camera enables the geologist to see the important water-bearing zones in a limestone aquifer, and to recognize cracks and solution cavities, the changes in geologic formations, and the irregularities in the well bore that indicate the relative hardness of the rocks. The engineer, well driller, and water developer can examine a well when “trouble shooting” to see whether the casing is broken, whether screens are eroded, or whether the well contains obstructions.
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    The Chemistry of Saline Waters (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Saline waters range in amount of dissolved solids from 1,000 parts per million (ppm) to several times that of sea water. Although a large number of elements are found in saline water, usually the salinity is due to high concentrations of sodium, calcium, or magnesium in combination with chloride, sulfate, or bicarbonate. At the higher salinities, the chances increase that the water will be of the sodium chloride type. Occasionally, water will be found with a very different composition. Warm waters and highly saline waters may change in composition and salinity on exposure to air, cooling, or reduction in pressure.Saline ground waters are frequently mixtures of very saline water with fresh water. If the composition of the original saline and fresh waters are known, the proportion of each in the mixture can be calculated.
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    Well Points for Dewatering (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Techniques in use of well-point equipment for dewatering operations in Australia are described. Construction features of equipment used successfully in drying-out trenches for pipelaying, excavation for underground structures, and dewatering base area for low-level pumping stations are discussed. Typical layouts of well-point equipment and typical pumping equipment features are given. Case histories of recent use of well-point equipment are presented.
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    Saline Ground Water — A Little Used and Unmapped Resource (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Vast quantities of saline ground water await new commercial uses and economical demineralization processes for recognition as a valuable resource.Saline ground water is more widely distributed than any other natural resource, occurring throughout the United States and in geologic formations ranging from the oldest to the youngest.The Coastal Plain has the greatest reserve of fresh water in the country, but at depths ranging from a few feet to about 3,500 feet most of the fresh-water aquifers also contain large quantities of brackish water. Paleozoic formations in the east-central United States have long been producers of saline water as commercial brines and in association with oil and gas. The volume of saline ground water perhaps exceeds the fresh ground-water supply in the Great Plains Region. The greater part of the Western Mountain Region is generally deficient in fresh ground water; however, saline water is present in highly permeable deposits in numerous closed basins and along saline streams. In each of these major ground-water regions small to very large amounts of saline water can be pumped from wells ranging from a few tens of feet to several thousand feet in depth.Knowledge of saline water distribution is general and inadequate, having been attained as a by-product of investigations of fresh-water supplies. This knowledge should be expanded as technological advances in demineralization processes enhance the importance of saline water for potential supply in numerous water-deficient areas.
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    Public Health Aspects of Individual Water Wells (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Local government in Michigan, and perhaps in other states, must try to bring the best thinking there is concerning solutions to health problems which are within their legally designated area of responsibility. One such local health department activity in Michigan is the construction and operation of private individual water well systems. Monroe County, which is just beginning to feel the effects of the suburban spillover from Detroit, Michigan, and Toledo, Ohio, recognized, in 1961, the need for regulation of such water well systems. The subsequent development of a Code, and its enforcement have made us realize that we are just beginning to fully understand a subject which is much broader in scope from a public health standpoint than just construction details and bacterial tests.
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    Interdisciplinary Training Program in Scientific Hydrology (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Hydrology is the science underlying the development and control of water resources of the earth. In the past, hydrologists have been trained initially in civil engineering, geology, meteorology or related fields, and have acquired knowledge of the complex hydrologic interrelationships by experience. Nowhere has it been possible for a student to obtain a coherent and complete training centered on the subject of water. The water specialist must learn to appraise the physical features of the earth and the role of various natural laws and scientific principles as they bear upon the occurrence, movement, and work of water in the hydrologic cycle of the earth and its atmosphere.The hydrologist not only works with water, but with people and their social, economic, and political problems. These problems are closely linked with water resources; man's failure to achieve a realistic integration of those factors has made water problems the greatest challenge on earth today.At the University of Arizona the new program includes undergraduate and graduate curricula leading to degrees in hydrology. The curriculum includes basic courses in hydromechanics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, botany, geology, meteorology, and economics.The total impact of this new trend in hydrologic education will become evident in better solutions of water problems in many parts of the world.
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    Microtime Measurements of Ground-Water Level Fluctuations (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Water-level measurements made during the early seconds and minutes of aquifer tests may often be used to determine the hydraulic properties of an aquifer and to locate hydrogeologic boundaries. This paper describes a method, using a modified stylus carriage and pen and a stop watch, of recording microtime water-level measurements in a well equipped with a recording gage. Ordinary and micro-time records of water-level fluctuations are simultaneously obtained. Microtime water-level measurements often aid in appraising the effects of slow gravity drainage under water-table conditions and anisotropic and heterogeneous conditions.
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    Hydrogeologic Programme of the Geological Survey of Canada (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The Hydrogeologic Programme of the Geological Survey of Canada includes: 1) Research into the science of hydrogeology which requires water balance studies of selected “Type Basins.” 2) The production of Water Probability Maps to indicate the location of ground-water resources. 3) Studies to improve various techniques for ground-water development. Ground-water investigations are also carried out by various Provincial organizations.
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    Deep Well Disposal (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Details concerning the drilling and successful completion of a deep waste disposal well at Newport, Indiana are described. The well is 6160 feet deep and penetrates about 900 feet into the Mt. Simon Sandstone which is the reservoir for disposal of inorganic waste. Under natural conditions, the Mt. Simon is saturated with essentially stagnant brine. The Eau Claire Formation overlying the Mt. Simon has a near zero permeability, thus, preventing upward migration of waste. To date, millions of gallons of waste effluent have been pumped into the well at an average injection rate of approximately 70 gallons per minute.
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    Protection of Ground-Water Resources (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Current water use is approximately 300 bgd. By 1980 it will be around 600 bgd. This apparent increase of 300 bgd may be met by recovery of used water or development of additional resources. In either case, the ground-water aquifers will play an important role.Although ground water was the source of only 20 percent of the water used in 1960, it provided domestic water supplies to nearly 90,000,000 people. Where available, the use of ground water may be advantageous because the minimum in treatment is required, long pipe lines are unnecessary, its temperature and other characteristics are uniform and the supply is dependable.In order to develop and utilize both existing and potential ground-water resources it is recommended that surveys be made to locate water-bearing formations and to determine their dependable yield, that investigations leading to artificial recharge of aquifers be made, that the problems of utilization of flow through soils for treatment of water be studied, and that the various state agencies concerned with conservation and pollution of water be provided with both legislative authority and the personnel necessary to protect ground-water supplies.
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    Statutes and Regulations Governing Private Water Well Construction and Pump Installations (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The intent of this paper is to discuss the need for laws and regulations governing construction of wells for private water supplies. This will include: (1) why laws and regulations are necessary, (2) need for registration and licensing of drillers and pump installers, (3) how laws and regulations affect uniformity of construction and the desirability of such uniformity, (4) how they encourage the manufacture of new materials and group organization, (5) what a law and code should contain, (6) need of judgment in administering laws and the regulations adopted pursuant thereto, and (7) the difficulties in enforcing laws and regulations including budgetary reasons. The material presented is drawn from Wisconsin's 26 years of private water supply administration and in part from personal experience. Hence, all statements and conclusions made do not necessarily represent the thinking, views or practice of the author's employer.
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    The Value of State Ground-Water Agencies to the Small Water Well Contractor (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: It is the State's responsibility to see that its ground-water resources are developed with as little “red tape” as possible.The well driller's responsibility is to his customers.Both State ground-water agencies and water well drillers can carry out their responsibilities best by working together. Such cooperation can eliminate unnecessary drilling regulations and result in better wells through exchange of information.In many instances, overdevelopment or contamination of an aquifer could have been avoided if drillers and States had worked together, rather than in opposite directions.
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    Hydraulic Gravel Packing for Deep Water Wells (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The practice of placing gravel by the hydraulic method of pumping gravel into the well bore or underreamed section of the hole and into the annular space around the screen sections and blank liner is discussed.
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    Artificial Recharge and pollution of Ground Water (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In an attempt at partially counteracting the serious depletion of ground-water resources at Peoria, Illinois, a method for artificial replenishment has been developed by the Illinois State Water Survey and used in two well fields. Water taken from the Illinois River is chlorinated and infiltrated into the ground-water aquifers by means of recharge pits.Potential pollutants of physical, chemical, bacterial, and radioactive nature are present in the river at all times in varying degrees. Possible pollution of the ground water is patently inherent to the artificial recharge process.Eight years of operating experience have proven the pit method of recharge to be effective in the Peoria area. Substantial quantities of water are recharged annually and existing standards for quality have been met. The results serve to point out problems which are encountered; to emphasize the need for control measures; and to establish trends and effects which may become important in the future.
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    Use of Analog Plotter in Water-Control Problems (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 1 (1963), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The City of Fort Lauderdale's Prospect well field, near the coast in southeastern Florida, is developed in the highly permeable Biscayne aquifer. Major drainage canals which transect the well-field area are hydraulically connected with the aquifer. Although the canals were designed primarily to drain ground water from storage during wet periods, they serve also to convey water eastward from large inland conservation areas during dry periods, to replenish the aquifer in coastal areas, and to retard salt-water encroachment.An aquifer analog plotter and model were used to predict changes in ground-water levels in the Prospect well-field area caused by changes in the regulation of the canals. Analysis of the model showed that if water stages in the canals were controlled at locations downstream from existing control structures, the area of recharge from the canals to the well field would be increased and a rise in ground-water levels would result. The increase in ground-water storage would permit larger withdrawals from existing facilities and would offer additional protection from salt-water encroachment.
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    Contamination of the steam in boiling reactors from solution of water impurities (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 917-921 
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    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Raising the steam conditions in single loop atomic electric stations leads to more extensive transference of various water impurities to the water vapor as a result of solubility. In salt contamination of steam, the solubility must be taken into consideration at steam pressures above 140 absolute atmospheres, and in contamination by corrosion products of the structural materials (iron oxides, aluminum, cobalt, etc.), even as low as 40–60 absolute atmospheres. Experimental data are given on the distribution coefficients of the principal water contaminants. A calculation of steam contamination must include the distribution coefficients and the concen-trations of the water impurities actually dissolved.
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    Resonance levels or erbium isotopes (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 952-954 
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    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    Study of the correlation between the mass distribution of fission fragments and the quantum characteristics of a nucleus at a saddle point (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 950-951 
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    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    The over-all kinetic energy of U233 and Th232 fragments (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1039-1041 
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    The use of high frequency electromagnetic fields to contain and stabilize a plasma (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 997-1006 
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    The attenuation of a high-energy neutron flux in shielding (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1049-1052 
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    ISSN: 1573-8205
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    The effect of shield shape on the attenuation of γ-rays from volume sources (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1059-1059 
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    The effect of reflectors made of various materials on the increase in the number of neutron captures in the uranium blanket of a fast reactor (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1053-1054 
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    Measurement of the frequency characteristics of an IRT-1000 reactor by the oscillation method (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1060-1062 
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    ISSN: 1573-8205
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
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    Theory of the coalescence of gaseous pores under swelling conditions (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1155-1161 
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    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the last stage of decomposition of a supersaturated solid solution, an important role is played by diffusion of “grains of a new phase” through the solution (coalescence). In the present paper, a study is made of the kinetics of the process under gas swelling conditions, where the grains of the new phase are pores, saturated with an inert gas. Here, a study is made of two cases: 1) the total amount of gas in the system is constant (annealing conditions), and 2) the total amount of gas in the system increases with time. An asymptotic solution is obtained for the problem. The asymptotic behavior of the number of pores, and of their mean dimensions, is found, as well as the asymptotic increase in volume.
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    The effect of a strong magnetic field on the magnetohydrodynamic stability of plasma and the containment of charged particles in the “Tokamak” (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1105-1112 
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    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results of an investigation of plasma in the toroidal apparatus TM-2 in a strong longitudinal magnetic field (up to 22 kOe) are described. It is shown that increasing the magnetic field sharply decreases the low frequency oscillations in the oscillograms of the loop voltage and discharge current derivative, and also weakens the interaction between the plasma and the wails of the discharge chamber. For a large enough ratio of the longitudinal field intensity to the intensity of the current selffield, oscillations are not observed. According to radiointerferometric measurements, the mean electron density in this case hardly alters during the course of the operations. The conductivity reaches a value of about 1016 cgs.
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    Measurement of the thermal neutron density distribution along the radius of sleeve-shaped fuel elements (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1121-1126 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This article is devoted to an experimental investigation of the thermal neutron density distribution along the radius of sleeve-shaped fuel elements consisting of natural uranium and an organic coolant, monoisopropyldiphenyl. The thermal neutron density distribution for 23 types of fuel element was measured by using the activation method. The theoretical neutron density distributions were determined for these fuel elements by solving the single-velocity kinetic equation by means of an electronic computer. The experimental and theoretical results are given in the form of neutron density distribution graphs, screening numbers, and neutron density jumps in the outside coolant layer.
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    Methods for the calculation of the radiational thermal output in the body and shielding of a nuclear reactor (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1113-1120 
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    Notes: Abstract The radiational thermal output in the body and protective shields of energy-producing reactors is very dangerous, since it can lead to the explosion of these reactors. In order to lower the amount of heat escaping into the body and the most strongly stressed structural sections of reactors, heat screens are usually used. In the present article we describe methods for the calculations needed in the design of thermal shields. Expressions are given that can be used for the calculation of the thermal output due to the penetrating radiation in various shielding setups, including those with the most commonly used geometry.
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    Calculation of γ-ray energy absorption in heterogeneous macro-systems (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1127-1131 
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    Notes: Abstract By means of the Monte-Carlo method, a determination was made of the fraction of ψ-ray energy absorbed in the elements of a complex heterogeneous system formed by a cylindrical, irradiated water-equivalent mass, cylindrical ψ-ray sources located inside or outside the mass, and units of auxiliary equipment. From the results, various energy efficiencies (e.e) were determined depending on the ψ radiation from particular systems which were models of radiochemical equipment. Results from corresponding experiments were in good agreement with the calculated data. The program enabled one to find the e.e. for arbitrary macro-systems of a similar type.
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    The motion of isolated charged particles in a magnetic field with helical symmetry (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1162-1164 
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    The solubility of uranium tetrafluoride in aqueous solutions of acids (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1184-1187 
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    An apparatus for determining the solubility of radioactive substances at elevated temperatures and pressures (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1188-1190 
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    The preparation of certain sulfides of thorium by the interaction of ThO2 with hydrogen sulfide (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1191-1193 
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    Estimation of the dose of neutron irradiation capable of changing the mechanical properties of pure metals (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1194-1196 
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    Aerial surveys of uranium deposits in wooded regions (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1197-1200 
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    Conference on Reactions of Complex Nuclei (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1201-1202 
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    The Second European “Vakuum” Symposium (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1206-1208 
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    Modernization of the VVR-S reactor (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1209-1212 
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    Brief communications (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1213-1214 
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    New literature (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1216-1223 
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    Commissioning of the world's first reactor power station with an organic-moderator and organic-coolant reactor (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1215-1215 
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    A note on calculating multiple scattering of gammas from planar sources (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1300 
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    The relation between the back-scattering factor of ß-radiation and ß-particle yield from a thickllayer source and the atomic number of a substance (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1297-1299 
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    Radiation characteristics of Sm145 and enriched-Se75 gamma sources (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1303-1307 
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    Dependence of the heat release on the composition of an iron-water thermal shield (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1311-1312 
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    Thermal conductivity of beryllium oxide in the 1000–2000°C range (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1313-1315 
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    The cerimolybdate method for the determination of radiocesium (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1316-1317 
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    A ferrosulfate method of dosimetry in metal vessels (1963)
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    Atomic energy 15 (1963), S. 1325-1325 
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    Stand-by reactor scram systems (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 530-534 
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    Notes: Abstract The present article discusses some of the principles underlying the structure of automatic protective circuitry in nuclear reactors, and estimates their reliability in the case of sudden (gross) failures of components. The results of a reliability analysis of each of the functional and logical circuits using vacuum tubes and semiconductors are discussed.
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    Precision comparison of the mean kinetic energy of U235 fission fragments from thermal neutrons and neutrons with a mean energy of 5 Mev (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 491-496 
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    Notes: Abstract A double ionization chamber containing a grid has been used to investigate how the mean kinetic energy of U235 fission fragments depends on the excitation energy of the fission nucleus. It has been found that the mean kinetic energies of the fragments from fission by thermal neutrons and neutrons with a mean energy of 5 Mev are the same to within ∼0.1%.
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    Statistical errors in the parameters for low energy neutron resonance levels (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 497-502 
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    Notes: Abstract Errors in the parameters for total neutron resonances which were based on experimental data for sample transmission have been analyzed by statistical methods. Two fundamental methods for parameter analysis were studied — the least squares method, which is used in the case of good resolution of levels, and the area method (used in the case of poor resolution). For the first method, optimum sample thickness was determined, formulas were derived for calculating parameter errors which take into account not only counting statistics but also the effect of background and other source-contributed errors. For the area method, formulas and tables were worked out which allow a determination of errors in the parameters σ0, Γ, σ0 Γ, σ0 Γ2 for known errors in the total area. A significant loss in precision was evident when two samples were used which differed slightly in thickness.
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    Development of the 7 Bev proton synchrotron (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 503-506 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper gives a short description of the history of the development of the first stiff focusing ring-type accelerator in the Soviet Union. Design parameters of the accelerator are given along with startup results.
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    Accelerators with vertically increasing field (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 507-514 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper gives a short description of some of the properties of accelerators having a vertically increasing field. A discussion is given of the requirements which must be met for optimum acceleration, as well as questions dealing with the existence of equilibrium orbits, the stability of betatron oscillations and the particle acceleration process in accelerators of this type.
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    Phase operation in high current accelerated particle accumulating systems (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 515-520 
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    Notes: Abstract It is shown in this paper that if the current is large enough the phase oscillations of a bunch of accelerated particles become unstable. The stability criteria are found. The loss of stability of the bunch of particles must be taken into account when designing the high frequency apparatus of accumulating systems.
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    Fast neutron capture cross section for chromium (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 545-545 
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    The choice of optimum parameters for atomic power stations using a gaseous coolant (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 521-529 
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    Notes: Abstract The article discusses a procedure for choosing the optimum parameters for atomic power stations with gaseous cooling of the reactors. These parameters correspond to a minimum value of the calculated cost of the power station. The methods take into account the thermal and economic characteristics of the power station, as well as the specific limitations of the maximum permissible surface temperature of the fuel elements. The article considers conditions where the thermal power of the reactor is given, as well as the more general case in which the optimum power of the reactor is to be determined together with the other desired power station parameters. Analytic design formulas are given for an approximate determination of the optimum values of coolant temperature rise in the reactor and of coolant temperature at the outlet of the steam generator.
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    Extractors for the recovery of uranium and rare metals from aqueous reactors (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 535-544 
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    Notes: Abstract The article considers the direction of development and the possibility of modeling of extractors of the mixer-settler type. It describes the process of extraction in such equipment, the design and results of tests on mixer-settlers of box and reactor types with mechanical mixing and air mixing, which in recent years have become particularly widespread in the uranium-ore and radiochemical branches of the industry. It is shown that these extractors are stable in operation, simple to maintain, reliable in design, and highly efficient, and the possibilities of their further generalization are discussed. The conclusion reached is that the further development of extraction equipment will lead to the production and introduction into industry of ultrasonic and centrifugal extractors, which are somewhat more complex but also are much more efficient.
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    Total effective neutron cross sections for As, Se, Sb and Te in the 0.0027–0.0100 ev energy range (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 546-551 
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    Two-group plane boundary conditions for square lattices (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 552-554 
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    The spectrum of neutrons in process of modulation reflected from a homogeneous half-space (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 554-557 
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    Dose adsorption factor for a cylindrical source in the presence of shielding (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 561-562 
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    Internal thermal columns enhance thermal flux in water-moderated reactors (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 562-565 
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    High energy neutron attenuation in concrete (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 558-561 
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    Notes: Conclusions For high energy neutrons (E 〉 20 Mev) produced by proton charge exchange, the flux attenuation follows an exponential law for concretes of various compositions in thicknesses exceeding 20–40 cm. The experimental results disprove the widely held idea that the neutron half-value layer in the energy range studied is inversely proportional to concrete density [7, 8]. Such an erroneous idea sometimes gains seeming economic advantage for the use of high density concrete because of savings in area and volume, and better building components on the whole [8]. On the basis of the experimental results obtained, it is possible to say that the use of any high density concrete will lead to an increase in shielding cost in comparison with shielding of ordinary concrete (Table 3). Consequently, the use of special high density concrete may be justified in special cases, for example, in the reconstruction of existing accelerator buildings.
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    Thermodynamic characteristics of the reduction of uranium oxides and uranyl fluoride by several reducing agents (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 565-567 
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    Systematic errors in gamma radiometric ore sampling and some possible ways of eliminating them (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 568-571 
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    How to increase the radiating efficiency of gamma facilities (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 571-572 
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    Production of “pure” fast flux for radiobiological experiments in the IRT-1000 reactor (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 573-573 
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    Brief communications (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 589-589 
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    News of science and technology (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 574-589 
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    New literature (1963)
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    Atomic energy 12 (1963), S. 590-590 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01481320
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  • 96
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    Mechanism of negative effect of oxygen-containing uranium compounds on the course and results of metallothermal reduction of uranium tetrafluoride (1963)
    Springer
    Atomic energy 13 (1963), S. 642-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This article gives some facts which make it possible to explain the mechanism of the negative effect of oxygen compounds present in the charge on the course and results of metallothermal reduction of uranium tetrafluoride with calcium and magnesium. The decrease in the uranium yield in ingots and the increase in the heavy slag yield when oxygen-containing compounds are present in the tetrafluoride are connected with the formation of “secondary” uranium dioxide during reductive smelting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587329
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-linear theory of a plasma (1963)
    Springer
    Atomic energy 13 (1963), S. 591-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this work we present the fundamental ideas of a quasi-linear theory for a weakly turbulent plasma. We consider a number of plasma processes characterized by the excitation of collective degrees of reedom: the dynamics of the growth of noise in an unstable plasma, the interaction of a beam of charged particles with a plasma, and the damping of plasma waves. We discuss the properties of the stationary, weakly turbulent state that arises when a current flows through a plasma; the problem of anomalous plasma diffusion across a magnetic field is considered. We also investigate “threshold absorption” of high-amplitude waves, which is a mechanism for collisionless heating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587323
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Be7 concentration in the atmosphere over the Atlantic Ocean (1963)
    Springer
    Atomic energy 13 (1963), S. 613-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A scintillation γ-spectrometer has been used to find the Be7 concentration in the air over the Atlantic Ocean from 48 ° North Latitude to 30 ° South Latitude during the 10th voyage of the scientific research ship “Mikhail Lomonosov. ” It has been shown that the maximum concentrations are located approximately at 27 ° North and South Latitude, while the minimum is in the region of the equator. Comparing the distribution of the concentration in latitude with theoretical calculations makes it possible to propose a mechanism of how Be7 is deposited on the earth's surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587324
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ-Ray yield from radiative capture in iron (1963)
    Springer
    Atomic energy 13 (1963), S. 619-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique is described for measuring the yield of capture γ radiation from iron by the use of a single crystal scintillation γ-spectrometer. Results are reported for the yield of capture γ radiation from iron, normalized to the number of neutrons either entering shielding or escaping from it. Measurements were made for the neutron spectrum from a Po-Be source. The dependence of capture y-radiation yield on shielding thickness is given. The effect of boron-containing impurities on the yield of capture γ radiation was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587325
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of the organic heat-transfer agent monoisopropylbiphenyl (1963)
    Springer
    Atomic energy 13 (1963), S. 635-638 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The results of investigating the thermal stability of technical monoisopropylbiphenyl under conditions close to those when it is used as a heat-transfer agent are presented. It was concluded that the product is sufficiently stable up to 360–370 °C. The main process determining the maximum temperature is the formation of high-boiling pyrolysis products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01587327
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