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  • Gas chromatography
  • Springer  (21)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (15)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1985-1989  (33)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1985  (33)
  • 1963  (3)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (21)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (15)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Cambridge University Press
Years
  • 1985-1989  (33)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy and the classification of liquid stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary liquid, choice of ; Physico-chemical data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A table of data for acidity, basicity, polarity and London potential for stationary phases is given. These provide guidance in choosing a stationary phase for a given task from the 26 substances listed. The indices are calculated from infra-red shifts of 1-chlorobutane and the visible wavelength shifts of l2 when they are dissolved in the stationary phases, from NMR estimates of acidity and basicity and from relative retention data. They replace the less reliable data of Burns and Hawkes. Methods of determining the indices are suggested that require only a gas chromatograph and can be applied by technicians with no specialized understanding of solution parameters. An attempt to add electron donoracceptor indices to the table was unsuccessful. A further table is given of the slopes of the log plots d(logt′)/dC for use in extrapolating from one homologue to another on these stationary phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310386
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new adsorbent for trace level organic contaminants (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermosorb ; Tenax GC ; Environmental Analysis ; Trace Organics ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A preliminary study has been carried out to evaluate a new adsorbent, Thermosorb, for trace level organic contaminants. For this purpose, a comparison was made with a well-characterized adsorbent, Tenax GC, using a prepared aqueous solution of trace organic components. In addition, a comparison was made of chromatograms of air contaminants obtained using both of these adsorbents, under equivalent conditions. The results clearly indicated the potential of this thermally stable, inorganic adsorbent for many trace organic substances of environmental interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269059
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the flame photometric detector in the sulphur mode (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Flame photometric detector ; Sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effect of experimental conditions such as gas flow rates, detector and column temperatures on sulphur response are discussed. It is concluded that the response of the flame photometric detector is affected by the O/H ratio and the total gas flow. Column temperature has an important influence upon S2 emission. It is shown that the sulphur response of the FPD is dependent on the compound containing the sulphur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269065
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of the properties of liquid crystals on the film thickness and surface quality of capillary columns (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystal ; Capillary columns ; Retention data ; Stationary phase film thickness ; Column surface quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary columns were prepared from non-deactivated and deactivated glass and coated with (2-methyl-4-[trans-4-n-propyl-cyclohexylcarbonyloxy]-benzoic acid-[4-n-heptyloxy-phenylester]) as the liqud phase, in different film thicknesses. The columns were tested using substances of different structures and polarities. It was verified that the capacity factors, retention indices and selectivity significantly depend on the thickness of the liquid crystalline stationary phase film and the quality of the tube, particularly in the case of columns with thin films. Trasition temperatures (melting and clearing point) of the liquid crystal are also dependent on these two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of amino acids to n-butyl and isobutyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids have been esterified with n-butanol and isobutanol in the presence of perchloric acid. It has been established that in the concentration range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.10–0.40 esterification can be utilized for the determination of alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, proline, methionine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and cystine. In the case of [H2O]/[i-BuOH] =0.05–0.20 the esterification yield decreases from 100% to 70%, in proportion to the water content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262686
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 681-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Geothermal gases ; Molecular sieves ; Low temperature separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel, and using 5Å molecular sieve. The separation of He and H2 to baseline is achieved by using low temperatures (30°C) coupled with a relatively long column; and the difficult separation of Ar and O2 is achieved by use of a cryogenically cooled column. The use of switching valves to backflush and bypass columns ensures that a minimum time for analysis can be achieved whilst retaining baseline separations of the He/H2 and Ar/O2 pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262691
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of derivatives of chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 685-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification ; Ethyl and methyl esters of herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification method has been applied to chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides. This method is compared with esterification by iodoethane and diazomethane. The chlorophenoxy acids studied were: 2,4-D, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop and 2,4,5-T. Other herbicides studied were: benazolin, bentazone, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorthal, dicamba, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, ethephon, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, haloxyfop, ioxynil, picloram, 2,3,6-TBA and triclopyr. Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification can be successfully applied to chlorophenoxy acids, benazolin, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, fluroxypyr, haloxyfop, picloram and triclopyr. The reproductibility of the method is ±5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262693
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the chromatographic step profile method for determination of water film pressure and surface free energy of quartz (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Step profile method ; Adsorption isotherm ; Water film pressure ; Surface free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Investigation of water adsorption by the step profile method (Glueckauf method) was carried out with the help of a modified gas chromatography equipped with thermal-conductivity detector. On the basis of the adsorption isotherm obtained, the water film pressure and the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz were calculated. The calculated value of the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz agrees with analogous values obtained by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282930
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved energy generator for the study of reactions of thermal-energy electrons with organic compounds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron-capture ; Thermal-energy electrons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The products resulting from the reaction between thermal energy electrons and organic compounds have been investigated to further our knowledge of the mode of action of the electron-capture detector. Thermal energy electrons were generated by maintaining a corona discharge between a stainless steel cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The effects of electrode geometry, gas composition, gas flow rate, and the physical properties of the test substances were investigated. The design of the reactor was modified to minimize losses of unchanged substrate. Reaction products of benzaldehyde, tolualdehydes, chlorobenzaldehydes, and dichlorobenzenes were identified by combined gas chromatography — mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262703
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide-bore capillary columns for gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide-bore capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262711
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    A new derivative for improved GLC separation of mannose, galactose and glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Separation of sugars ; Oxime formation ; Silylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The procedure involving oxime formation followed by silylation for the analysis of standard hexoses by GC resulted in unseparated peaks for D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. This procedure was therefore modified to obtain clear separation of hexoses. STOX (hydroxylamine containing phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as the internal standard) was mixed with trimethylsilylimidazol or hexamethyldisilazane, and then added to a standard sugar mixture containing D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography with OV-17/OV-22 as the stationary phase, resulting in three distinct peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265481
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic malic and citric acids in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the determination of these aliphatic hydroxy acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.02. For mole ratios above 0.02 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–2.53 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.27 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265484
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Gas chromatographic analysis of the thermal and photochemical reaction products in diethyl ether solutions of nitrogen oxides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Diethyl ether ; Photo-induced reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary When dissolved in diethyl ether, nitrogen dioxide reacts with the solvent, slowly at room temperature, more rapidly on heating of UV irradiation. A complex mixture of products is formed in which further changes are observed after prolonged storge: these are less pronounced if the unreacted nitrogen oxides are removed. A gas chromatographic method was applied for the identification of the majority of products. Irradiation does not change significantly the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction products. The reaction is thus the so-called photo-induced process [ΔG〈0]. Preliminary suggestions are made concerning the reaction mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344787
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  • 14
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    Chromatography in fluidized beds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fluidized beds ; Industrial chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Chromatography is carried out under the conditions of fluidization, in long, straight tubes under organized and non-organized conditions. Under non-organized conditions the column is filled only with a sorbent. In organized conditions, either metal coils are added into the column or a segmented column is utilized with metal grids. The results obtained are compared to those obtained under fixed-bed conditions when the column is completely filled with the sorbent. Organized fluidized beds provide a significant decrease in longitudinal bandspreading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312173
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  • 15
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    Quantitative determination of polyalcohols in wine and vinegar by gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polyalcohol quantification ; Wine ; Vinegar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol and inositol in wine. The method is evaluated for repeatability using perseitol as internal standard. Perseitol can be added to wine before or after passing the wine through the ion-exchange column without showing significant differences in the polyalcohol content. The method is also applied to the analysis of vinegar from different substrates (wine cider and rice).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262712
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Modification of supports with liquid phases by thermal treatment in a closed system (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 228-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified diatomaceous supports
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diatomaceous earth type supports are modified with a liquid phase, by high-temperature thermal treatment in a closed system. It is shown that the retention characteristics of the support changes by this treatment. The main advantage of this method, as compared with modification in a flow-through system is that liquid phase evaporation and possibility of oxydation during the process can be avoided. This ensures a better uniformity of the modified support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259692
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  • 17
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    Modification of silica with mixtures of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For chromatographic purposes the use of mixtures instead of individual silylating agents can produce better deactivated surface than those shown by silicas modified by hexamethylcyclotrisilazane or hexamethyldisilazane separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310388
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Air-sampling of three tertiary amines (triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, dimethylethylamine) (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; H2SO4-coated silica gel ; Air pollution (foundries) ; Tertiary amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of the main publications dealing with air-sampling and analysis of aliphatic amines, the authors propose and investigate two sampling methods (bubbling through a sulfuric acid solution, trapping on sulfuric acid-treated silica-gel) for three tertiary aliphatic amines commonly encountered in foundries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260478
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  • 19
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    The use of p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid as liquid-crystalline sorbent in gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystals ; Substituted benzenes and selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention mechanisms of polymethylbenzenes and n-alkylbenzenes on the inert solid support Chromaton (spec-surface area: 1m2/g) and the adsorbent-support Silochrom (C-80 (80 m2/g) coated with p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid have been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260485
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  • 20
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    Relationship between thermodynamic characteristics and isothermal retention indices (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic characteristics ; Retention index calculation ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thermodynamic characteristics determined from retention data measured under isothermal conditions were used for the calculation of retention indices of a number of model compound. The minimum retention index difference required for the identification of two adijacent compounds as well the temperature dependency of retention index are discussed. The possibility of alculating thermodynamic characteristics from retention indices published in the literature was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263223
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  • 21
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    Identification of non-branched alkenylcycloalkanes with a terminal double bond from retention index increments (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Retention indices ; Alkylcyclopentane and Alkenylcyclopentane ; Alkylcyclohexane and Alkenylcyclohexane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reaction products of the pyrolysis of n-dodecylpentane and n-hexylcyclohexane had been separated and identified on a glass capillary column coated with Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1. The identification of the components in the pyrolysis products and of the corresponding hydrogenated samples was performed from structure retention correlations, especially retention index increments (1CH2), homomorphy values (HOV-1) and the temperature coefficients of retention indices (δI/δT). Hence the presence of homologous 1-alkenes and of monoalkenylcycloalkanes could be confirmed. Based on the addition principle of index increments the determination of the side chain structure of alkenylcycloalkanes (straight chain) and the position of the double bond was ascertained. The calculation of the retention indices of these compounds was performed with high accuracy (deviation 〈1 index unit). Retention indices of 10 1-alkenes, 11 monoalkenyl-cyclopentanes, 11 monoalkylcyclopentanes, 5 monoalkenylcyclohexanes and 5 monoalkylcyclohexanes were determined on the liquid phase Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280602
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  • 22
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    Capillary GC of triglycerides in fats and oils using a high temperature phenylmethylsilicone stationary phase, part I (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; High-temperature phases ; Triglyceride analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of triglycerides on FSOT columns coated with a phenylmethylsilicone gum opens up new perspectives in fat and oil characterization. On phenylmethylsilicone, besides a “carbon number” or CN separation, the triglycerides are also separated according to the different combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the triglycerides.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080812
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  • 23
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    Automatic simulated distillation of heavy petroleum fractions up to 800°C TBP by capillary gas chromatography. Part I: Possibilities and limits of the method (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 771-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The characterization of heavy petroleum fractions is essential for the design and improvement of cracking plants converting heavy feedstock into valuable “white” products. Conventional simulated distillation methods using packed columns are unsuitable for this purposes, being limited to boiling points up to about 600°C. The method presented is able to cover a boiling points interval ranging from about 150°C up to around 800°C. It employs a short, nonpolar, highly thermostable capillary column routinely operated at temperatures around 430°C. The analytical system is based on a high temperature versions of a fully automatic, capillary dedicated gas chromatograph. The experimental data demonstrate that cold on-column injection is the sole sampling system suitable for such heavy compounds. The conversion of the retention times into boiling points, based on the use of low molecular weight polyethylenes, is extremely reliable, as demonstrated by the excellent retention time reproducibilities. The lower part (up to 550-600°C TBP) of the boiling point distribution curves of heavy petroleum fractions obtained on capillary columns fits well with the corresponding distribution curves based on packed column data. For the petroleum fractions fully eluted from the column the quantitative results obtained either using internal standards or by direct processing of the elution curves are in excellent agreement (less than 0.3 weight% differences). The method has been applied to the determination of the true boiling points corresponding to short path vacuum distillation (DISTACT) cut points over 300°C.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081113
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  • 24
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    Simulated distillatin of atmospheric residues using short pyrex capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 193-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Atmospheric residue ; Capilary columns ; Gas chromatography ; Pyrex ; Simulated distillation (SIMDIS) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080409
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  • 25
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    Automatic system for rapid analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatographyDedicated to Professor Kurt Grob on the occasion of his retirement. Paper presented at the Sixth International Symposium on Capillary chromatography, 1985. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 755-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Automatic analysis of volatiles ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A system for automatic analysis of volatile compounds by purge-and-cold-trapping/capillary gas chromatography is described. It is suitable for analysis of volatile compounds in a wide variety of samples, such as water, food products and environmental samples. Possibilities and limitations of the system are evaluated in relation to several parameters. The efficiency of different types of cryogenic trap (open tubular, coated, packed) is also investigated; it depends on purge-flow rate, temperature of trapping, and total purge volume. Examples of the analysis of volatile compounds in foods and water are given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081111
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  • 26
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    Stationary-phase focusing in capillary gas-liquid chromatography: An experimental test of theory (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 804-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Stationary-phase focusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081118
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    FABES and FAPES - transesterification of triglycerides with higher alcohols. Quantitation and mass spectrometric evaluation (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 440-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Capillary column, fused silica ; EI-MS/CI-MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to facilitate the gas chromatographic determination of butyric as well as other short chain fatty acids, triglycerides containing these fatty acids were transbutylated and transpentylated to give FABES (fatty acid butyl esters) and FAPES (fatty acid pentyl esters), respectively. This method allows the molecular weight of the compounds to be increased while their polarity is decreased. Short chain esters elute sufficiently separated from the solvent; due to the decreased polarity, elution of long chain fatty acids is only slightly retarded compared to the corresponding methyl esters. Quantitative evaluation over a large series of injections proved the linearity of correction factors in both cases, FABES and FAPES, with a slight deviation for 16:0 and 18:0, respectively. Structural characterization was performed by GC/MS. It was shown that there are characterstic fragmentations for FABES as well as for FAPES. The El-mass spectra give structural information about the alcohol and acid moieties, the ester molecule and the Cl-spectra indicate the molecular weight. The absence of abundant highly characteristic peaks in the spectra of these esters makes the detection of FABES or FAPES in complex mixtures more difficult than the detection of FAMES with their very characteristic ions at m/z 74 and 87.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080817
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    Deactivation of fused silica capillary columns with cyanopropylhydrosiloxanes (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 741-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Cyanopropylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for surface deactivation and modification of fused silica capillary columns with a cyanopropyl-containing reagent. The deactivation procedure involved a dehydrocondensation reaction between a bis(cyanopropyl)methylhydropolysiloxane reagent and surface silanol groups at an optimum temperature of only 250°C. Actual critical surface tension measurements were made using the capillary rise method. Excellent deactivation for acidic and basic compounds at the low ng level, and wettability for nonpolar and polar polysiloxane stationary phases were obtained. A procedure was developed to remove acidic impurities that are present in polar stationary phases.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081109
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    Preparation of inert and high-temperature stable apolar and medium polar glass-capillary columns using OH-terminated polysiloxane stationary phases (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 718-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Inert, stable stationary phases ; Leaching ; Immobilization by condensation ; OH terminal groups ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coating intensively leached silica surfaces with OH-terminated phases provides a new way of producing, by simple means, columns with substantially increased inertness and thermostability. In addition, their separation efficiency is found to be typically higher than that of columns with traditional coatings. The underlying basic effect is a condensation process between terminal silanol groups of the phase and residual silanols, of the glass surface, thus producing the mentioned inertness. Moreover, the surface-bonded molecules are immobilized without addition of a radical generator. If required, crosslinking can also be effected using a volatile azo compound. No vinyl groups are required for this additional immobilization process. The paper discusses all processes involved, and gives detailed working directions for the following medium polar phases. OV-1701-OH, OV-31-OH (new, 17% cyanopropyl), OV-61-OH, and OV-17-OH, and the apolar phases PS-347.5 and PS-086. There is no doubt so far that the principle of terminal silanol groups is applicable to all silicone phases, and may replace the traditional endcapped stationary phases in the future.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081106
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    Static coating: The solvent; the source of vacuum (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 856-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Static coating ; Vacuum sources ; Coating solvent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081212
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    A new bonded stationary phase for the gas chromatographic separation of volatile priority pollutants and chlorinated pesticides (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 715-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column, fused silica ; Immobilization ; Polymethylsiloxane stationary phase ; Priority pollutants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new phenyl-cyanopropyl polymethylsiloxane stationary phase, DB-1301, which can be crosslinked and bonded to the fused silica surface, has been synthesized. The phase composition was optimized for the separation of 18 volatile priority pollutants, selected from the so-called “purgables” list because of problems associated with their resolution. The composition of the stationary phase was based on theoretical considerations of binary phase mixtures and window diagram prediction. Columns coated with this stationary phase are compatible with atom selective detectors, such as the electron capture detector. A mixture of 18 volatile priority pollutants and a mixture of chlorinated pesticides were used as test probes on a prototype 30 m × 0.32 mm fused silica column, containing a 1.0 μm film of DB-1301.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081105
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    At-column injection: An improved method for accurate sample transfer to capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 801-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Sample introduction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081116
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    Dramatic selectivity changes on carrier gas flow change in a series-coupled GC capillary tandem (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 580-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, in series ; Flow rate changes ; Selectivity ; Retention time ; Residence time ; Multichromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the polarity of selectivity of a GC separation system in terms of Retention Index data. In a series-coupled capillary system having stationary phases of differing polarity even slight (independent!) carrier gas flow changes in one part of the capillary series result in a dramatic change of selectivity. “Dramatic” is a relative term! Using a simple electronically controlled flow changing device we found retention index changes of several hundred units for polar test compounds such as phenols on a SE30/Carbowax tandem. This means: The classical theoretical model for understanding retention (and selectivity) in chromatography must be corrected. We propose a very simple approach involving addition of the expression RESIDENCE TIME to the chromatographic vocabulary. Instead of using flow resistors, one can just add a pressure regulator to the coupling point. A powerful analytical concept is now in easy reach.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080921
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    Permethylation of Oligomeric and Polymeric Carbohydrates and Quantitative Analysis of the Cleavage Products (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 515-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Permethylation ; Carbohydrates ; Methylation ; Gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methylation of mono-, oligo-, and polysaccharides with methyl iodide/barium oxide or dimethyl sulfate/barium hydroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent rapidly leads to high degrees of methylation. Depending on the structure and solubility of the substrate, permethylation can be achieved either in one operation or by repetition of the same treatment. Procedures of permethylation of various carbohydrates are given. The methyl glycosides obtained on methanolysis can be separated and determined quantitatively by gas chromatography. The preparation of separating columns with minimum retention for this purpose is described. Pullulan was shown to have the structure of a completely linear polymer of maltotriose units connected by α-1→6-linkages. - In addition the gaschromatographic identification of methyl ethers of glucosamine and galactosamine is reported.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196305151
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    Modern Methods for the Separation and Continuous Measurement in the Gas Phase of Compounds Labelled with Radiocarbon. Radio and Reaction Gas ChromatographyAlso Part VI of the series on Reaction Gas Chromatography. Part V: F. Drawert and G . Kupfer, Hoppe-Seylers Z . physiol. Chem. 329, 90 (1962). (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 540-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Radiocarbon ; Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In biochemical work with isotopic tracers, it is frequently advantageous to investigate samples in the gas phase. In this way, the selectivity of gas-chromatographic separating columns and the sensitivity of detectors can be utilized for both the detection of gas-chromatographic fractions and the determination of their radioactive portions. Conversion of materials separated by gas chromatography into a single standard chemical compound prior to measurement of the radioactivity is recommended. Methods suitable for 14C-labelled compounds can also be applied to those labelled with 3H or 35S.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196305401
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    Gas Chromatographic Investigation of Racemization during Peptide SynthesisPresented in brief at the Fifth European Peptide Symposium in Oxford, England, in September, 1962.Respectfully dedicated to Prof. Dr. Adolf Butenandt on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Racemization ; Peptide synthesis ; Gas chromatography ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that the methyl esters of many diastereoisomeric N-trifluoroacetyldipeptides can be separated by gas chromatography on Golay columns. This makes it possible for the first time to carry out accurate quantitative investigations of recemization occurring during peptide synthesis without resort to measurements of optical rotation or enzymatic cleavage, and witout having to isolate the peptides. Some well-known methods of forming peptides were examined using the synthesis of the methyl ester of carbobenzoxy-L-valyl-L-valine as an example. The synthesis of the methyl ester of N-trifluoroacetyl-L-valyl-L-valine was investigated as a model for the linking of peptides. The influence on racemization of numerous factors was determined. General conclusions could be drawn regarding peptide synthesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196301831
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