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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (3,968)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (2,338)
  • 1960-1964  (1,630)
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  • 1969  (2,338)
  • 1963  (1,630)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984
  • 1965-1969  (2,338)
  • 1960-1964  (1,630)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 2
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 3
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 4
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 5
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The paper gives, for a large number of cases, numerical errors due to using approximate, first-order, formulae for correcting x-parallaxes for tilt. The figures show that the errors are considerably smaller than might be expected. It is also shown that the root mean square of the four tilts of a pair of pictures is a reliable measure from which the effect of tilt on heights can be estimated with some confidence.
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  • 6
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 7
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 8
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 9
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Research work is being undertaken by the Department of Orthodontics at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, which involves studying the growth of children's faces in three dimensions. In evaluating the morphology of soft tissues, the advantages offered by photogrammetry have been recognised and this paper describes how the technique has been put into practice at the hospital where a stereometric instrument, equally suitable for use as a camera or as a projection plotter, has been constructed.
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  • 10
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 11
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 12
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Equipment manufactured in connexion with the special applications of photogrammetry has developed from very early designs, often with remarkably few changes. The first section of the paper traces this evolution up to the present time.Architectural photogrammetry has been, since Meydenbauer, one of the most important of these special applications and the second part describes some recent work of this type in England and Jordan.
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  • 13
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 6 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The problem of incorporating airborne auxiliary data into an aerial triangulation block adjustment is considered. The conclusion is reached that this problem can be most readily solved by the use of a fully rigorous adjustment method. The first order adjustment equations for all types of airborne auxiliary control are developed and the method of incorporating these equations into the block solution is demonstrated. The general computing problems of the aerial triangulation block adjustment are briefly discussed and a method outlined for the incorporation of tie strips, at any angle across the block, into the adjustment without unduly increasing the storage requirements for the solution. The problem of correctly weighting the different types of available data is discussed. The paper concludes with a demonstration of the improved accuracy possible if precise aerial triangulation data are combined with apparently crude absolute airborne data.
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  • 14
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The author describes the responsibilities of the forester both for the production of timber and the preservation of natural resources, and shows how aerial photographs can assist in supplying the information required for organising the management of forest areas. On limited experience with infrared and colour films, the author compares them with panchromatic film for aerial photography of forest country; he considers that in most cases good definition is the most desirable quality in such photographs, although special contrast effects may be useful for particular purposes.
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  • 15
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
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    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
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  • 16
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: A brief description is given of the history of the stereocomparator, followed by a comparison of the major features of five modern instruments: the Wild STK 1, Nistri TA 3 and TA 3/A, S.O.M., Zeiss PSK 1 and Hilger and Watts stereocomparators. Special attention is paid to the production model of the Hilger and Watts stereocomparator, which differs in several important respects from the prototype.
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  • 17
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Three unrelated matters are discussed. Firstly, the recent rapid advances in the application of precision engineering, electronics and digital computers to photogrammetric surveying operations are shown to be likely to result in a change of emphasis; from the need for great skill in making each particular map, to the need for even greater skill in making machines which, once made, will make many maps, largely automatically. This in turn is likely to have far-reaching effects on the type and training of persons employed in the profession. Secondly, an example is quoted which suggests that the value of photogrammetric methods, as an aid to the work of professions other than land surveying, is not sufficiently recognised by the teaching faculties of some of our universities. Ways and means of improving the situation are considered. Thirdly, after a brief historical survey of the birth and growth of the Photogrammetric Record, arguments for and against some possible changes in editorial policy are stated and certain conclusions reached.
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  • 18
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 4 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:GEODESY. By Brigadier G. Bomford.INTERNATIONAL YEAR BOOK OF CARTOGRAPHY (Vol. II, 1962). Editor, Eduard Imhof.MODERN COMPUTING METHODS. National Physical Laboratory: Notes on Applied Science.SCIENTIFIC PHOTOGRAPHY. Editor, H. Sauvenier.
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  • 19
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    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 10 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A study of the ‘longitudinal fibrillar bundle’ (LFB) and the ‘contractile fibrillar system’ (CFS) of a large protozoan ciliate, Spirostomum ambiguum, has been performed by means of an electron microscope. A system of sub-pellicular fibrils has been newly found and its function is discussed. Each LFB runs parallel with a longitudinal row of ciliary bases. It seems to be identical with the so-called kinetodesma. It is composed of tubular fibrils arranged in layered sheets, each of which contains 13 to 35 fibrils with the same diameter as the intra-ciliary fibrils and has a close connection to each of the ciliary bases. The CFS lies on a transitional plane between ectoplasm and endoplasm of the organism and forms a cobweb-like system of myofibrils as a whole. It stands in an intimate relationship with a characteristic vacuolar system. In a peristomial field, the fibrous structures are interrupted and somewhat thickened. A sub-pellicular system is composed of minute fibrils 20 to 26 mμ in diameter. The fibrils run parallel with each other in an antero-posterior direction, immediately beneath the inner pellicular membrane.
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  • 20
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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  • 21
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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  • 28
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    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 1963 (1963), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to develop methods for the measurement of real capital input. These methods are based on perpetual inventory estimates of capital stock and corresponding estimates of capital service prices. Stocks and service prices are adjusted for relative utilization of capital. The resulting estimates represent a separation of income from capital into price and quantity components. Estimates of capital input in current and constant prices are constructed for corporate business, non-corporate business, and households and non-profit institutions in the United States for the period 1929–1967. These estimates are prepared in a form suitable for integration into the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts.
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper attempts to measure the rate of change in the size distribution of wages over time in a rigorous, analytic way, and to relate that change to the business cycle. The basic problem for which this paper provides a solution is to relate changes in a size distribution to levels of and changes in single-dimensioned variables (unemployment, Gross National Product, and the consumers price index). Let F stand for the cumulative relative size distribution of wages, a function of wages. F takes on values zero through one. Let F̄ be a given value of F, e.g., F̄= 0.25. The proposed solution to the basic problem is to measure the rate of change in consecutive F's at F̄. The composite of such measurements at F̄ over time forms a vector, the length of which depends upon the number of time periods observed. The number of vectors thus derived depends upon the number of values of F̄ selected. The various vectors are then related to the general economic conditions and the respective values of F̄. The general economic conditions have a differential effect on the various vectors; e.g., those wage earners with relatively low wages are affected differently by a given turn of the business cycle than are those with high wages.The paper includes several supplementary investigations: (a) estimating each of the annual cumulative relative size distributions of wages for a specific analytic function, (b) relating analytically the size distribution construct to the Lorenz curve concept and the Gini coefficient, (c) predicting and simulating size distributions for various economic conditions, (d) formulating tax trade-offs, and (e) suggesting further uses and extensions.
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reports on the results of the bilateral study of the comparison of levels of labor productivity in industry between Czechoslovakia and France in 28 branches of industry. Because of the importance of common studies of the questions of productivity of labor and its international comparison, the Economic Commission for Europe of the U.N. decided several years ago to introduce a concrete programme of work in this sphere. This study was made jointly by Czechoslovakia and France. The present paper reports on the first stage of the study, giving results based on physical unit methods. The second stage of the work includes comparisons for branches of industry not covered in this paper, on the basis of value indicator methods; detailed results will be published in respective U.N. series to the end of 1969 (Series Conf. Eur. Stats.).
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents the characteristics of the National Accounting System of Hungary and outlines its development in the last decades and the insufficiencies still existing. Hungary has joined with great interest in the work performed within the frame of the United Nations Statistical Commission concerning the development of the Systems of National Accounts, being interested in applying—as far as possible—the results of the revision of the SNA and MPS in its national practice. The paper first presents a conceptual matrix containing all the major items in the MPS system in order to explain the contents of the items and the interdependencies among them. In this connection a brief account is given of the major differences between the SNA and MPS. The following part of the paper presents the National Accounting System introduced in Hungary in 1968. It is put also within the framework of a matrix, which supplies the items of both the SNA and MPS by means of simple aggregation as well as satisfying the national requirements, so that it is possible to compare the structure and development of the Hungarian economy with those of any other countries. The major differences between the Hungarian system and the current MPS and the revised SNA are then presented.
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:BRAWRS, W. K.—Input-Output Analyse en Internationale Economische Integratie, Preface by W. Leontief and with English Summary (Input-Output Analysis and International Economic Integration).
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Estimates of gross domestic product have been produced by various writers or agencies for Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and for Wales there are estimates of expenditure also; but only a very tentative attempt has hitherto been made at estimates for the English regions, mainly because the data present difficulties. In the present investigation, in which the estimates in the Bluebook on National Income and Expenditure are partitioned between regions, item by item, a production method was first explored, but this was replaced by use of Inland Revenue data on employment and self-employment income, and production and miscellaneous sources on profits etc. Estimates of expenditure raise particular difficulties in regard to private capital formation and, for different reasons, some parts of public current expenditure.The estimates have been used to throw light on interregional variations in income produced per head and earnings per head, and their relation to activity rates and industrial structure. The flows of property income, and of public transfers of purchasing-power and benefits between regions are also explored, along with regional current balances and evidence bearing on differences in pressure of demand. Finally, the scope for the development of regional social accounting in the United Kingdom is discussed.
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Regional information designs are tools for decision makers at subnational levels; their principal purpose is to improve the dialogue between the decision maker and the analyst as a means of improving the quality of policy decisions. This paper first examines key characteristics of regional accounts and regional information systems of relevance primarily at the state or province level. Then the nature and scope of regional decisions are reviewed with a view of delineating the problems encountered in developing systematic regional information to help make those decisions. Both policy and program decisions are considered in terms of scanning the horizon for potential opportunities and problems and of identifying preferred solutions to the problems. Finally, one regional information design is sketched out which classifies in an orderly fashion the environmental and program information useful in regional decision making.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper treats three subjects:(1) In Sections II and III there is given a general analysis of revisions in national income data, namely the sources of revisions are enumerated and the conclusions that might be drawn are discussed in some detail.(2) Section IV gives a description of the history of revisions in national income estimates for the FRG (Federal Republic of Germany) for the period 1949–1965. The general revisions are classified according to their causes.(3) Sections V to VII give a statistical analysis of the revisions described in Section IV. Revisions in the level and in the linear annual change are characterized by their mean and their mean absolute deviation. Theil's coefficient of inequality is computed and on the basis of its decomposition a kind of analysis of variance is carried out.
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    Review of income and wealth 15 (1969), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with an examination of growth trends of the Indian economy between 1860 and 1960. This examination commences with the numerous studies bearing on the more recent part of this period, from about 1900 to 1960. These studies are shown to vary greatly in coverage and comprehensiveness, and their differences and individual shortcomings are assessed. Nevertheless, these studies conclude, without exception, that the Indian economy remained virtually stationary in this period, especially in terms of negligible growth in per capita real income. In contrast to periods since 1900, the study of economic growth during the earlier period has suffered academic neglect. There are only two major studies which make an attempt to examine economic trends in this period. Both these studies are found wanting with respect to concepts and procedures. The period from 1860 to 1913 presents serious problems in any study since there is a paucity of statistics which are at all reliable and useful. The most promising approach for overcoming this deficiency is to develop better sectoral statistics rather than to rely on aggregative data even when available. In order to gain a better understanding of the growth trends of the Indian economy over this period, the author constructed indices of major economic activities. These indices demonstrate that relatively high rate of economic growth prevailed in India before 1890. Subsequent developments in the Indian economy seem to consist of minor changes in the magnitudes of economic variables rather than fundamental structural changes. Thus, the Indian economy is shown to have enjoyed relatively high rates of growth only in the initial three decades of the hundred-year period, 1860–1960.
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper reviews some of the ideas that have been expressed regarding the development of national financial accounts. It concludes that a consensus is emerging that a set of sector financing statements and balance sheets, based on a monetary survey and incorporating liquidity criteria, can contribute to the understanding of the operation of an economy.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is in part directed towards a partial examination of Canadian concepts and methods used in the deflation of constant price estimates of gross domestic product from both an expenditure and industry-of-origin point of view, and in part toward certain problems arising in the development of a conceptually balancing set of accounts in real terms. It also provides reference material to allow the reader to pursue the detailed methodology and data underlying the Canadian constant price accounts.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The increased role of monetary and other financial variables has required the introduction of a quantitative framework for monetary policy planning. This has been found in a planning procedure based on flow-of-funds accounts. The very comprehensive structure of these accounts is relied upon to provide to policy makers with quantitative indications as to policy goals and measures for their implementation, and at the same time, to ensure a consistent incorporation of monetary planning in general economic planning.There are annual and monthly plans. Annual planning involves two stages. The first is projection of flow-of-funds accounts on the basis of appropriate relationships, historical trends, institutional changes, economic policy targets, etc. The final result of this stage of planning is a projection of the Monetary Sector transactions as residuals, including changes in money supply and in short-term credits as key projections. The second is decomposition of the Monetary Sector account into the Central Bank Sector and the Other Banks Sector, which makes possible a projection of measures for the implementation of projected changes in short-term credits and money supply.Monthly planning has two objects: first, to check annual projections and, if necessary, to adjust them to actual developments; and second, to introduce seasonal components. Seasonal adjustment is made only for the Monetary Sector, its two subsectors, and credit policy measures. Monthly projections are made every month for three months in advance.
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    Notes: This paper describes the process of development of the Fifth French Plan, and the role of the national income accounts in this process. Part I discusses methodological considerations relating to medium-term projections. Part II outlines the methods actually used in projecting growth outlines in the Fifth Plan, and discusses the considerations that proved critical. Part III discusses the applications of the projections to the planning apparatus.
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    Notes: The present system of national accounting (revised SNA and existing national systems) is a good framework for physical projections of goods and services produced by enterprises. It is less well suited to planning in value terms, because data on income are poor and the system is badly adapted to analysis at the level of decision-making centers of the relationships of production, prices, income, and investment; the picture which it gives of the non-market economy is inadequate; and it yields a static view of successive states of the economy, the last accented by the scarcity of structural information.The usefulness of the accounts for the formation of economic policy varies greatly according to the problems considered. Important for general aspects of economic policy in the relatively short term, they are limited in terms of fine decisions on public intervention in the market economy, and for the relatively detailed study of economic policy in the public sector itself. These shortcomings, although in part remediable, raise questions concerning the scope, object, flexibility, and spacial and temporal coverage of national accounting. Finally, the newly emerging needs of planning, especially those arising from the extension of the dialogue between social groups, the attempts at planning in value terms, and the increasing interest in the non-market economy, suggest a need for some deconsolidation of the system.To answer these demands, a more flexible system is needed. Such a system might comprise two stages. One, a statistical framework and presentation of data, would remain close to business and public accounting. The other, a more abstract and elaborate framework for macro-economic analysis, would correspond in large part to the present system. This system would include, around the central nucleus, a number of satellite accounts, consistent with the nucleus but articulated with it by very flexible and diverse rules. It could be extended to new fields where quantification without valuation is possible.
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    Notes: This paper discusses the problems that arise in the regional allocation of public sector accounts. These problems arise mainly in connection with the regional allocation of government expenditures on a governing rather than a procurement basis, and in the derivation of a meaningful surplus or deficit. The latter in turn requires an examination of the real geographic incidence of government revenues—to avoid, for instance, the assignment of the whole tobacco tax to Virginia and North Carolina. The use of a procurement basis for government product and the real geographic distribution of direct tax incidence for government revenue would produce a more complete and meaningful regional surplus or deficit measure, and gross regional products will not be as subject to spurious inter-regional variation.
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    Notes: The problem of national accounting “at constant prices” is in fact a problem of comparability of time series, as changes in the price structure preclude any direct comparison of economic flows. If such accounts are established they will make it possible directly to compare the same flow at two different times in the economy as a whole, and this without leaving the influence of other flows out of account. This makes it possible both to synthesize and to undertake analytical comparisons. The accounts could then be used for the study of time series, for projections or for structural studies (e.g. the mechanisms underlying the changing pattern of income distrubution).The first part of this report sets out to study the main problems of compiling accounts at constant prices and to examine what conventions should be adopted.The second part of the report considers how productivity gains can be explicitly shown in the national accounts. The proposed study plan restores the symmetry between price and productivity. As in the accounts at constant prices, gap variables are introduced to measure productivity gains. These variables can be interpreted in terms of surplus; the concept of surplus used here, however, is not the one adopted for the accounts in constant prices, but its dual. Setting up an accounting system “at constant productivity” therefore makes it possible to complete the information provided by an accounting system “at constant prices.”These two systems can of course be integrated: this leads to the introduction of the concept of an accounting system “at constant prices and constant productivity.” Such an accounting system makes it possible to show, in the same accounting framework, the respective contributions of price changes and improved productivity to the gains realised by the different economic agents. It therefore gives a complete picture of “transfers” between the agents. At the same time, the data on price and productivity can be integrated with each other.
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    Notes: In the course of preparing the Fifth French Plan, it seemed necessary to study the problem of equilibrium in capital markets in the future. For this purpose, a projection was made of the financial needs and resources of the different economic agents. The method employed was not entirely new: some attempts at projection for the medium term had already been made in the preparation of the Fourth Plan, and each year short term projections are made in connection with the different national economic budgets. However, the work on the Fifth Plan departs somewhat from what has been done before. With respect to the Fourth Plan, the methods have been improved, and greater thought has been given to integrating financial problems into the framework of the national accounts. With respect to the short term projections, the problems which must be faced are somewhat different. But more important than the differences are the characteristics which this method shares with all projections based on national accounting which are used in France. It is a part, in the first place, of a very general effort looking toward the integration of all economic forecasts into the same description of the future, taking account of the interdependence of different kinds of phenomena. In the second place, as is the case generally for the different elements of the accounting sketches used in the preparation of the plan, the object of the work is to expose the probable difficulties which will be met in the future. What is sought is essentially methods tending to point out problems, rather than means of preparing unconditional forecasts.In the presentation which follows of the method of medium term projection of financial flows, three parts will be distinguished. The work in question is part of a large structure of projections, and makes use of a formal scheme which is itself a part of the system of national accounts. It will therefore be convenient to make clear the framework in which the projection of financial flows is situated. In a second section, the method of projection used will be explained in general outline, and the last section will characterize the results obtained and present some reflections on the scope of the method.
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    Notes: Developments in economic theory have in many ways enhanced the opportunity for using financial accounts data in monetary analysis. This is true in such areas as the role of assets, the development of portfolio choice theory, the demand for money, and the behavior of intermediaries. At the same time, theory has increasingly emphasized behavioral relationships. These developments give rise to new data needs. An inquiry was addressed to some 25 specialists, whose responses illustrate these needs. Some of the desired data are “more of the same,” such as more sectoring, more detail on financial instruments, data on stocks as well as flows. Some data needs, reflecting behavioral theorizing, point beyond traditional financial accounts data and call for maturity distributions, interest rates, rates of return on equities and real assets, and the parameters of their frequency distributions. The degree of economic development and the degree of openness are found to be important determinants of the kind of data to be sought and employed in particular countries.Public policy is finding increasing use for financial accounts data in coordinating the flow of financial resources with the planning of physical investment. Nevertheless, many policy purposes call for more detailed data than can be provided by an integrated system. This has led to a selective use of data sources outside the financial accounts. Builders of financial models, likewise, have found it preferable to work with more flexible data selected ad hoc than with integrated financial accounts. Hope of applying the techniques of modern model building to financial accounts data, such as econometric estimation of a flow of funds table, or its conversion into an input-output matrix, seems tenuous for the time being. Thus, financial accountants, competing with financial model builders for the attention of theorists and policy makers, must broaden the scope of their data in the hope that there is room for the growth of both disciplines.
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
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    Notes: A method is described which allows to measure the elastic wave motion in the “interior” of two-dimensional solid models. It is based on the measurements of the lateral deformations of a plate that are related to the state of compression in the plane of the plate. A capacitive detector measuring the motion has been developed.Wave front studies have been carried out in a half space, in two half spaces in contact and in a single-layered half space. The experimental results are compared with theory. Special attention has been paid to the head wave.
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    Notes: All sorts of organic matter preserved under anaerobic conditions and transformed in reducing environments may form components of natural crude oils; such oils are linked to sapropel deposits by their contents in porphyrins and trace metals.
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    Notes: Offshore reflection records, even if they are of medium quality, can be used to determine the thickness of unconsolidated sediments. The method is described and its limits are specified. An example of application referring to the Gulf of Lyons is given.
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    Notes: A transistorized combination of multivibrators is described, by which the gain is set according to a time programme. This equipment allows quantitative recording of seismic events with extremely large amplitude variations. Some possible applications of this recording system to seismic research are discussed.
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    Notes: The theoretical aspects of a general configuration of the tripotential prospecting method are described while particular cases of the method were described by Carpenter and Haberjam (1956) and Sarma (1961).
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    Notes: The accuracy of an airborne magnetic survey is limited by the following factors:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉1Slow (diurnal) variations of the earth's field.2Fast variations of the earth's field (earth field “noise”).3Drift in measuring equipment.4Magnetometer “noise” (electronics, orientors …).5External disturbances, miscompensation.6Irregularities in flight altitude.7Location errors.The relative importance of these different causes of errors is analyzed from two viewpoints:〈list xml:id="l2" style="custom"〉a)Direct interpretation of anomalies on actual records,b)Compilation of isogram maps and their quantitative interpretation (second derivative, reduction to the pole, …).In conclusion, these errors do not affect the direct interpretation of profiles of standard quality. For instance, if the average altitude of the plane above the magnetic bodies is 1000 m, a variation of its flight level of about 100 m does not introduce serious errors in the interpretation.On the other hand, compilation of contoured isogam maps is often difficult, and compensation of the previous errors is not always possible except by approximate, rule-of-thumb methods. Furthermore, when the interval between lines is greater than the depth of magnetic masses below the plane of flight, the contours are interpolated and do not represent the magnetic field. Sometimes the contouring can offer different solutions, and the map is therefore not objective; this could then result in errors larger than those from the other causes.To evaluate the quality of the map and its interpretation we must know the location of flight lines and the compilation process employed. It is also wise to avoid quantitative interpretation of small anomalies and limit oneself to a qualitative interpretation.
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article: Geomagnetismus und Aeronomie, Vol. II, Edited by Prof. Dr. G. Fanselau“Geomagnetic instruments and measuring methods” (Geomagnetische Instrumente und Meßmethoden) by Dr. H. Wiese, Dr. H. Schmidt, Dr. O. Lucre, Dr. Dr. F. Frölich Lehrbuch der Angewandten Geologie (Textbook for applied geology). Edited by Prof. Dr. A. Bentz Band I: Allgemeine Methoden, Kartierung, Petrographie, Paläontologie, Geophysik, Bodenkunde, written by well known authorities Continental Drift, edited by S. K. Runcorn
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    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
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    Notes: According to a study of seismic velocities in the Alpine Foreland of Eastern Switzerland, the initial velocity is rather high in comparison with other Tertiary basins and shows an exceptionally high increase rate. When analysing the average and the interval velocities, especially of Tertiary strata, and when comparing them with velocities of strata of the same age and a very similar facies of the Northern Rheintalgraben, it has been found that the increase of velocity is closely related to the distance to the Subalpine Molasse. The conclusion is that the velocity of the Tertiary strata is strongly influenced by the folding pressure of the Subalpine Molasse or of the Alps. The same method has been applied to a relatively large number of wells in the area of the “German Molasse”. Not only the results in Eastern Switzerland have been confirmed, but also it has been proved that the diagenesis of the Tertiary strata and, hence, their velocities are influenced only partially by the specific depth of the basin. Velocities increase towards the Folded Molasse or the Alps. Consequently they depend on lateral folding pressure, which decreases from west to east with the increasing width of the basin. The tertiary strata of the basin have been affected by lateral folding pressurefrom south to north. However, structures with lateral compression have not been discovered yet in the German Alpine Foreland.
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    Notes: In a paper by Koefoed and Kegge (1968), which was based on previous work of Wesley (1958), the electrical current pattern has been derived that is induced by an oscillating magnetic dipole in a semi-infinite thin plate of infinitesimal resistivity.In the present paper, the range of validity of the assumptions, on which the work of Wesley is based, is subjected to a theoretical analysis. It is found that the decisive factor for the validity of Wesley's derivation is the quotient of the square of the penetration depth of the electrical current over the product of the thickness of the plate and a distance that is indicative of the size of the current loops in the plate. Wesley's derivation is shown to be valid only when this factor is negligible. It is also shown that in this condition the imaginary component of the anomaly must be negligible.Model experiments are described in which the electrical current pattern is studied also in the range in which the derivation of Wesley is not valid. The procedure used in these model experiments was to measure the tangential component of the magnetic field strength very close to the metal plate that simulated the conductive dyke.In order to express the results of the measurements in terms of the imaginary to real ratio, these results are compared with an interpretation graph for field measurements that was published by Hedström and Parasnis (1958). It is found that the current pattern in the plate is essentially the same as that which follows from Wesley's derivation, provided that the imaginary to real ratio is less than one third. The measurements do not permit to draw conclusions regarding the current pattern in the plate in conditions that correspond to larger values of the imaginary to real ratio.
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    Notes: Electrical resistivity anomalies of a symmetrical four-electrode co-linear system across a single vertical discontinuity are treated in relation to: a) the ratio of potential electrode separation to the current electrode separation that are employed in the system and b) the angle which the electrode alignment makes with the discontinuity. Several conclusions are extracted from this treatment and methods for obtaining an optimum sensitivity of the system, with respect to these parameters, are shown. Disadvantages of special arrangements, such as the Wenner configuration, are indicated. Methods are outlined to utilise variations in the apparent resistivity plot for determining the angle between the electrode alignment and the discontinuity, quantitatively or qualitatively. These variations include certain deviations from the standard curves obtained in longitudinal traverses made at right angles to the discontinuity. Also, a comparison is made between longitudinal and cross traverses, in relation to the discontinuity.
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
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    Notes: Condition nécessaire et suffisante pour qu'un sismogramme obtenu à la surface ?un milieu stratifé puisse être considéré comme résultant de l'ensemble des réflexions, directes et multiples, subies par une onde plane de compression se propageant normalement aux strates, supposés parfaitement élastiques. Modification minimale à faire subir à un sismogramme donné pour qu'il satisfasse à cette condition.Possibilité, quand cette condition est satisfaite, de déduire du sismogramme la loi de variation de la vitesse des ondes élastiques dans le milieu considéré.Exposé détaillé du processus pratique sur un exemple et quelques autres résultats de son application.
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    Notes: Based on simple scaling laws, a method is developed for the routine interpretation of magnetic anomalies arising from uniformly magnetised dykes. The method can be applied to any observed component of the field, i.e. the vertical, horizontal or the total field anomaly and it is applicable for any resultant direction of magnetisation of the dyke itself and for any strike direction. The necessary data for the interpretation are given in the form of curves covering a range from o up to 15 for the ratio of the thickness of the dyke to the depth to its top. It is also shown that, by integrating in a suitable manner the observed anomaly due to inclined bodies having a horizontal upper surface and enclosed by two pairs of parallel and inclined planes, a curve is obtained which corresponds to a dyke anomaly and which can be interpreted by the same technique.
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    Notes: In a recent paper, H. A. Winkler developed a suitable method for determining longdistance terrain corrections in gravity by interpolation. Such a technique implies that it is necessary to take into account the changes of the correction g not only with the location (X, Y) but also with the elevation Z of a station. Study of the function g(Z) shows that its curve, with amply sufficient accuracy, may be represented as a parabola. Moreover, the parabolas corresponding to different stations are all equal. From these properties a method has been derived which saves computing time and yields long-distance terrain corrections with convenient accuracy.
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:V. Fritsch, Elektrische Messungen an räumlich ausgedehnten Leitem (besonders in der Angewandten Geophysik), (Electrical measurements on 3-dimensional extended conductors especially in applied geophysics)D. S. Parasnis, Principles of Applied GeophysicsN. A. Plotnikov, Ressources en eaux souterraines: Classification et Methodes ?Evaluation
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    Notes: For a group of n geophones at a single station, a signal-to-noise improvement of √n can only be expected when the background noise, between the individual detectors in the group, is completely uncorrected. This paper gives results, from four different sites, for the variation of correlation coefficient with distance between the detectors. It is found that at these locations the geophone spacings required to reduce the correlation coefficient to zero varied from 30 to 300 feet.These results are in agreement with the predictions of the theoretical model of a two-dimensional isotropic noise field described by Hills and Faran (1952). This model provides estimates of the spacing required between geophones to reduce the correlation coefficient to zero, provided that the velocity of the noise is known and that its spectrum is of a simple form.Often it is impractical to reduce the correlation coefficient to zero because of the large spacing required between the geophones in the group. For this case a simple method is described in which the signal-to-noise improvement can be calculated given that the correlation coefficients between the geophones in the group are known. This procedure can easily be used in the field because the correlation coefficients can rapidly be computed from paper records by using Tomoda's method (Tomoda, 1956) which gives values of sufficient accuracy to be used for on-the-spot calculation.
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  • 83
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Modern marine gravimeters enable us to measure gravity at sea with a mean error of 2 to 5 mgals, depending on sea conditions and navigational accuracy.Good results could be obtained, even in rough seas, by means of Graf's ASKANIA Sea Gravimeter mounted on an ANSCHÜTZ gyrostabilized platform.When a DECCA Navigator System is used, the gravity measured at the points of intersection agrees within 5 mgals at wind-force Beaufort 4 and vertical accelerations of about 60.000 mgals.The southern North Sea has been surveyed with VFS “GAUSS”, the research vessel of the German Hydrographic Institute, Hamburg. Since 1959 about 4.000 miles of continuous gravity measurements combined with simultaneous magnetic measurements have been carried out in this area. Here nearly all remote-control gravimeter stations of the Netherlands Geodetic Commission were passed once or several times. Hence they could be used as basic points. However, there are a few cases in which the Dutch data could not be confirmed.The results are given as a free air isogam map covering the area between the meridian of Greenwich and 8° east, and between 54° and 56° latitude, with decreasing density of the measurements from east to west.
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  • 84
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    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The frequency and severity of defoliation of small sample areas, 8 × 8 cm, was studied in swards of S37 cocksfoot which were maintained at different levels of leaf-area index by continuous grazing with lambs. By varying the number of lambs grazing a plot, the LAI was maintained at three approximately constant levels, 5.3 (H), 4.1 (M), and 3.0 (L). Any one 8 × 8 cm area was grazed on average once every 36 days in treatment H, 24 days in treatment M and 19 days in treatment L. Approximately 24% of the total length of leaf present per tiller was removed each time a tiller was grazed, under all treatments. The lambs tended to graze patches of herbage about 16 × 16 cm, then move to a different place in the sward. These results are discussed in relation to grazing practices aimed at securing the maximum harvested yield.
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  • 85
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    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The potential for producing beef in savanna grassland areas is discussed in relation to the results obtained from grazing trials on sown pastures at Serere Research Station, Uganda. Liveweight gains from small East African Zebu stock are used to illustrate the progress that has been made in the selection of improved pasture species and mixtures grown at various levels of fertilizer application. The utilization of herbage from selected pastures is shown to vary under different grazing management systems, grazing pressure having the greatest effect upon animal production. The need for further investigations and the integration of existing research findings into farming practice is stressed.
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  • 86
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    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:LANGER, R. H. M. [Ed.] The luceme crop.FRYER, J. D.; EVANS, S. A. [Eds] Weed control handbook.RODIN, L. E.; BAZILEVICH, N. I. Production and mineral cycling in terrestrial vegetation.
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  • 87
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    Grass and forage science 18 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Moisture losses from swaths of long herbage were recorded on eleven occasions in May, June and September, in order to supply data on which to base advice on making prewilted silage. Mowing in the late afternoon and picking up the following afternoon and mowing in the morning and picking up in mid-afternoon both resulted in losses averaging 9·6%. These losses occurred in fairly dry weather throughout the season, even when it was cloudy and cool. Mowing in the late afternoon and picking up next morning, before dew or overnight rain had evaporated, resulted in negligible losses, averaging only 2·4%.
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  • 88
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    Grass and forage science 18 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Results of the analysis for dry-matter, nitrogen and major base content of 9 silage effluents obtained from farm silos and 3 effluents from experimental tower silos are presented. The mean values obtained for the principal plant nutrients in the 12 effluents examined were 0·19% N, 0·037% P and 0·38% K. The results indicate that effluents may be a useful source of plant nutrients, particularly when undiluted with rainwater, and that, in general, silage effluents appear to be superior to liquid manure in manurial value.
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  • 89
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    Grass and forage science 18 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described that examined mowing with the return of excreta and mowing with the return of clippings as methods of simulating the return of nutrients by grazing animals in experiments where grazing is impracticable. These treatments were applied to a pure grass and to a grass/clover sward. Both methods gave herbage nearer in yield and composition to that resulting from natural grazing than did mowing with no return, but neither was suitable for use on sites outside experimental stations. Although the nitrogen returned in excreta was rather inefficiently used, it appeared to be the major factor in increasing yield on the grass sward and in changing the grass/clover balance on the mixed sward. The return-treatments had a marked effect on the potassium nutrition of both swards and the results suggest that omitting the grazing animal from trials assessing potassium fertilizer requirements may invalidate the results.
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  • 90
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    Grass and forage science 18 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The results are presented of digestibility trials on silage samples made from the following materials: Andropogon gay anus, Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass), Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass), Panicum maximum (Guinea grass), Pennisetum pedicellatum, P. purpureum (Elephant grass). Sorghum vulgare (sorghum), Acanthospermum hispidum, Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Stizolobium sp. (velvet bean), Zea mays (maize) and mixtures of A. gayanus/P. pedicellatum, Arachis hypogoea (groundnut haulms)/P, pedicellatum. Sorghum vtdgare/Stizolobium sp., Z. mays/Vigna sinensis (cowpea). The results obtained, also the agronomic aspects of the subject and the use of the materials as fodder for cattle during the dry season are discussed.
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  • 91
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    Grass and forage science 18 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Book reviews in this article:BEST, R. H.; COPPOCK, J. T. The changing use of land in Britain.SUB-COMMITTEE ON RANGE RESEARCH METHODS OF THE AGRICULTURAL BOARD, U.S.A. Basic problems and techniques in range research.LARIN, I. V. Pasture economy and meadow cultivation.
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  • 92
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    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Studies made on head waves in a large number of two-dimensional horizontal and inclined layer seismic models are described. The assumption that the amplitude of head wave decreases exponentially with distance is found to be valid in horizontal layers. For the correct estimation of the head wave decay coefficient, the decrease of amplitude due to the divergence of wave energy should always be considered.The variations of head wave amplitude at large distances from the source appear to follow the theory of Heelan (1953). It is, however, concluded that the theory can only be verified from the measurements in models which have large velocity contrast and thick layer at the top.A prominent interference phenomenon between the direct and head wave has been observed near the critical distance. This is more marked for up-dip profile in the case of inclined layer models. The rate of head wave amplitude decrease with distance beyond the zone of interference is found to depend on dip angle, direction of the dip, and velocity contrast.
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    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Velocity Spectra which were originally developed for the optimum stacking of seismic data have been found to give considerable information concerning lithologic and stratigraphic changes in the geologic section. In the Gulf of Mexico shale sections and sand bodies have been recognized on the Velocity Spectra display, and in the Caribbean last year a first attempt was made to utilize Velocity Spectra information for the determination and mapping of lithology. Since that time, a new program has been developed which takes dip into account when computing the interval velocity. This program has been applied to a seismic section in the North Sea which has resulted in a geologic model derived from interval velocities which were found to be quite consistent. Such a model can be of great value in geological interpretation.
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    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 95
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    Geophysical prospecting 17 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The transient fields from a finite horizontal loop excited by a half sine wave current pulse have been computed numerically for a particular source receiver configuration at a height of 100 meters above a layered ground. The amplitude of the vertical component of the magnetic field has been chosen for the interpretation. Curves of apparent conductivity vs. time, plotted during the off-time of the signal, show that layering is easily resolved, that resonance effects are present and that polarization effects are detectable for certain types of polarization.
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  • 96
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A given gravity field is considered; it is assumed to be due to a homogeneous structure.The method of computation presented here makes it possible to determine one of the limits of such a structure (upper or lower), provided the other limit and the density contrast of the structure are known.Among the various applications of this method, location of the upper limit of buried palaeo-reliefs can be mentioned.The calculation is designed for electronic computers, and uses one of the properties of the downward continuation of the gravity field. The process is iterative and takes place at the corners of a regular grid.Modern computers can handle several thousand points at a time.
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  • 97
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:E. Hardtwig, Theorien zur mikroseismischen Bodenunruhe Physics and Chemistry of the Earth
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  • 98
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Measurements have been made by the resonance method of the longitudinal bar velocities and the transverse velocities of 29 chemically pure limestones of varying porosity. The elastic anisotropy factors of the limestones were found to vary over a wide range. For the isotropic limestones, both the longitudinal and the transverse velocity decrease in general with increasing porosity, but this decrease is somewhat irregular. The irregularities in the velocity were found to correlate with the irregularities in the electrical resistivity of the samples when saturated with a standard salt solution, and with those in their tensile strength. This correlation indicates an influence on the velocity of the geometry of the pore space of the rock and of its counterpart: the geometry of the matrix. Indications have been obtained that a condition akin to weathering may be partly responsible for the irregularities in the velocities.Saturating the samples with water was found to result in a decrease of their velocities. An investigation of the available literature, combined with measurements made in our laboratory with a low frequency pulse method, indicate that water saturation results in a decrease of the velocity at low frequencies and in an increase of the velocity at high frequencies.Since other investigators have shown that the velocities of dry rock are hardly effected by the frequency, one must conclude that the velocities of water saturated rock do change appreciably with frequency.The values of Poisson's ratio were found to decrease with increasing porosity, but more so for the dry samples than for the water saturated samples. A possible explanation is that the cross-contraction and cross-dilatation is partly consumed in changing the diameters of the pores, thus reducing the effect on the outer diameter of the sample; this mechanism would be partly resisted by water filling the pores.
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  • 99
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    Geophysical prospecting 11 (1963), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: On étudie le principe de filtres séparateurs de vitesses apparentes ou filtres en éventail. L'opérateur de filtrage est déterminéà partir des caractéristiques spectrales bidimensionnelles (fréquence – nombre ?onde) de tels filtres.Les possibilités pratiques des filtres en éventail sont décrites en ce qui concerne l'amélioration du rapport signal/bruit. On évoque également les modifications éventuelles de la technique ?enregistrement sur le terrain qui pourraient être entraînées par l'utilisation systématique des filtres en éventail.
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    Grass and forage science 24 (1969), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The use of acid-pepsin or of water to extract herbage samples is described. The relationship between the amount extracted by each and the crude-or true-protein and soluble carbohydrate contents is discussed, especially in relation to herbage digestibility. It is suggested that these simple extractants may be more useful than conventional chemical techniques for assessments of comparative nutritive value of herbages.
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