ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7,267)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2,512)
  • General Chemistry  (2,445)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2,202)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (12,849)
  • 1960-1964  (1,577)
  • 1988  (6,895)
  • 1985  (5,954)
  • 1961  (1,577)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (12,849)
  • 1960-1964  (1,577)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effects of the nature of the polyols used in polyurethane (PUR) synthesis on the structural transformations after ageing by UV irradiation has been studied. The investigations were performed on PUR prepared from polyester and polyether diol oligomers.The characterization of the samples before and after ageing in view of the structural changes, which influence the course of the photooxidative degradation and photocrosslinking as well as in view of changes of mechanical properties has been done. Comparative investigations were performed by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements.The results show pronounced heterogeneity of the degradative reactions, including the existence of crosslinking processes and producing thus very inhomogeneous polymeric material. The course and the intensity of photooxidative degradation of PUR differ together with changes of mechanical properties depending whether polyester or polyether polyol have been used. The processes of photooxidative degradation is less expressed in polyesterurethane then in polyurethane based on polyether, under the same conditions of experiments. Different structures of polyester diols caused the various ageing behaviour of PUR too.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: QUALIFICATION OF HALS COMPOUNDSA complex method of examination has been developed suitable for the qualification of light stabilizers; by this method, according to experience, the efficacy of HALS compounds can be extensively and expediently characterized.Several light stabilizers of the HALS-type were examined and qualified, used alone or together with a UV-absorber.It has been found that, when selecting the appropriate structure for a given polymer, the weatherability of polyolefine foils is effectively increase to six-eightfold; the increase is even tenfold when the stabilizer is combined with a benzophenone-type compound.As a utilization of these experiences, a contract with the industry, led to the production of an LDPE based agricultural foil with a life-time of several years.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Natural hail impact tests are scarcely available because hailstorms are limited to a small area and cannot be predicted regarding time, place and intensity. Therefore we relied on laboratory tests simulating natural hailstones by polyamide balls (5-50 mm dia.) whose final velocity could be varied according to meteorological data. So the influence of diameter (weight) and velocity of the artificial hailstones could be taken into consideration independently.The energy of damage or equivalent natural hailstone diameter were determined for 16 mm double skin sheet from PMMA as 0.2 J (14 mm dia.) for star shaped cracks and 2 J (26 mm dia.) for holes. These values do not significantly decrease after 10 years weathering. 10 mm double skin sheets from PC show an extremly high energy of damage of abt. 10 J (38 mm dia.) which decreases to a medium level of 2 J (26 mm dia.) after several years weathering. This decrease is remarkably reduced by weather resistant protective coating.As hailstorms consist to more than 80% of hailstones below 10 mm dia. (0.04 J) the mentioned sheet materials are quite hail resistant also after long weathering periods, but they cannot withstand an extreme hail catastrophe as in Munich July 12, 1984.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the specimen temperature on many ageing processes is well known. Two aspects is dealt with: -Measurements of the specimen temperature on several positions of a specimen in commercial weathering devices at different exposure conditions. Technical measures to achieve to uniform ageing at all positions of a planar and homogeneous specimen. Examples from practical use.-Changing specimen temperatures (+60°C to -20°C) during the course of accelerated weathering, i.e. a combination of conventional accelerated weathering with a temperature cycle test.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Folien (Dicke 100 pm) aus isotaktischem Polypropylen mit verschiedenen Antioxidansgehalten (0,0% bis 0,1%) wird die thermooxidative Alterunq mit der isothermen Langzeit-Differential-Thermo-Analyse (ILDTA) bis zu Temperaturen weit unter dem Kristallitschmelzbereich verfolqt und die Messwerte mit Ergebnissen aus dem Zeitstand-Zugversuch korreliert. Dabei zeigt sich, daß aus Messunqen mit der ILDTA bereits vor Einsetzen der autokatalytischen Zersetzunq sreaktion Ruckschlüsse auf die thermische Vorqeschichte der Proben und Aussagen auf das rnit einem Abfall der mechanischen Eigenschaften verbundene Ende der thermo-oxidativen Stabilität des Polymeren getroffen werden können.Weiters bietet die ILDTA die Moglichkeit, durch den direkten Zusamenhang zwischen Oxidationszeit und Antioxidansögehalt die örtliche Stabilisatorverteilung in Platten und in Folien zu bestimmen und damit Diffusionsvorqange zu verfolgen.
    Notes: Thermo-oxidative ageing processes were investigated in films (100 μm thick) made from isotactic polypropylene with different antioxidant concentrations between 0% and 0.1% using isothermal long-term differential thermal analysis (ILDTA). The end of the oven life of polypropylene coincided with the loss of mechanical properties which was confirmed by tensile tests at temperatures far below the crystallite melting range. Already prior to the beginning of autocatalytic decomposition, ILDTA experiments permits conclusions to be drawn on the thermal history of the specimens and statements made regarding the end of thermo-oxidative stability of the polymer, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the mechanical properties.In consequence of the correlation between oxidation time and antioxidant concentration the local antioxidant concentration in sheets or films can be measured by ILDTA. Thus, investigating the diffusion of an antioxidant in polypropylene using ILDTA is possible.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Größenverteilungsfunktion von Dispersionen mit extrem breiter Verteilung (Durchmesserbereich 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) kann in der analytischen Ultrazentrifuge (AUC) nicht durch eine Standardmethode, z. B. durch Messung der Trübung τ bei einer einzigen Konzentration, bestimmt werden, weil sich die spezifische Trübung τ/c von sehr kleinen und sehr großen Teilchen zu stark unterscheidet. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, haben wir eine neue AUC-Technik, die sogenannte Coupling-PSD-Technik entwickelt. Dabei werden zwei unterschiedliche Konzentrationen derselben Dispersion gleichzeitig in einem einzigen AUC-Lauf vermessen und zwei korrespondierende Lichtintensitiit-Zeit-Kurven aufgezeichnet. Bei einer niedrigen Standardkonzentration cs werden hauptsachlich die größeren Teilchen erfaßt während bei einer 5 bis 30 mal heheren Konzentration ch vor allem die kleineren Teilchen registriert werden. Die beiden I(t)-Kurven werden mathematisch verkniipft und unter Verwendung des Stokeschen Gesetzes und der Streutheorie von Mie für homogene isotrope Kugeln in die gesuchte breite Verteilungsfunktion umgerechnet. Wir benutzen eine mit einem 8-Zellen-Rotor und einem Multiplexer ausgestattete AUC. Da sehr groBe und sehr kleine Teilchen gleichzeitig in einem einzigen Zentrifugenlauf bestimmt werden, kennen wir nicht mehr wie zuvor eine konstante Rotorgeschwindigkeit N anwenden, sondern miissen diese mit Hilfe eines Geschwindigkeitsprogramms N(t) innerhalb einer Stunde von 0 auf 40000 U/min erhehen.
    Notes: The particle size distribution (PSD) of extremely broad distributed dispersions (diameter range 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) is not possible to be measured by analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) using the standard technique, i.e. measuring turbidity τ at a single concentration c, because the specific turbidity τ/c varies too much between very small and very large particles. To solve this problem we have developed a new AUC technique, the so-called Coupling-PSD-Technique. Here two different concentrations of the same dispersion are measured simultaneously by one single AUC run with two corresponding curves of light intensity I vs. time t being registered. At a low standard concentration cs, mainly the larger particles are detected, while at a concentration ch 5 to 30 times higher mainly the smaller particles are registered. Both I(t)-curves are coupled mathematically and transformed into the requested broad distribution curve employing Stokes' law and Mie's light scattering theory for homogeneous isotropic spheres.We use an AUC together with an 8-cells-rotor and a multiplexer. Because very large and very small particles are to be measured simultaneously in one single run, we can no more apply a constant rotor speed N as before, but by means of a time program N(t) we always have to increase the rotor speed from 0 to 40000 rpm within one hour.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 135-148 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die chemische Modifizierung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) durch ein Amin verleiht dem Polymeren höhere Reaktivität gegenüber der Pfropfcopolymerisation mit einem Vinylmonomeren. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf mit n-Butylamin modifiziertes PVC wurde thermisch mit Benzoylperoxid (Bz2O2) als Initiator oder photoaktiviert mit Benzophenon (BP) als Photosensibilisator gestartet. Das aus bestimmten Experimenten erhaltene rohe Polymerprodukt wurde durch fraktionierte Fällung in die verschiedenen Bestandteile wie Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA, Homopolymeres), PVC-g-PMMA (Pfropfcopolymeres) und unverändertes (aminiertes) PVC aufgespalten. Die getrennten Fraktionen wurden mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie und der Thermogravimetrie charakterisiert. Der Mechanismus der Pfropfcopolymerisation von den beiden verschiedenen Systemen wurde erörtert. In beiden Fällen wurden Pfropfausbeuten um 30 - 70%* und Pfropfcopolymerzusammensetzungen, PMMA/PVC (w/w) zwischen 2 und 3 erhalten.
    Notes: Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, by an amine renders the polymer more reactive towards graft copolymerization with a vinyl monomer. The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on PVC modified by treatment with n-butylamine (n-BA) was started thermally at 30° using benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as initiator and under photoactivation at 40° using benzophenone (BP) as photo sensitizer. The gross polymer products from selected experiments were fractionally separated into the constituent polymeric entities viz., poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA (homopolymer), PVC-g-PMMA (graft copolymer), and unreacted (aminated) PVC following a method of fractional precipitation. The separated fractions were characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The mechanisms of graft copolymerization for the two different systems have been discussed. In each case, grafting efficiencies of the order of 30-70% and graft copolymers having compositions given as PMMA/PVC (w/w) equal to 2-3 were readily obtained.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notes: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß einer chemischen Behandlung von dünnen Filmen einer Composit-Membran aus sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxid wurde untersucht. Über den Einfluß der Konzentration von wáßrigen Lösungen von Formaldehyd, Schwefelsäure, Salzsäure, Phosporsäure, Natriumhydroxid sowie der Behandlungsdauer auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der Composit-Membranen mit einer Ionenaus-tauschkapazität von 2,14 und 2,50 meq/g in verschiedenen Kombinationen wird ausführlich berichtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß unter den besten chemischen Behandlungsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon-Composit-Membran erreicht wird.
    Notes: The effect of chemical treatment on the reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristics of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) thin film composite membranes was investigated. The effects of the concentrations of aqueous solutions of formaldehyde, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and treatment time on the RO separation characteristics of the composite membranes with ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.14 and 2.50 meq/g in various combinations are reported in detail. The results indicate some enhancement in RO separation characteristics of the SPPO/polysulfone (PS) composite membrane under the best conditions of the chemical treatment.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Herstellung dünner Filme von sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon (SPPO/PS)-Composit-Membranen wurde untersucht, daß ein Zusatz von Nitromethan zu einer Lösung von sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxidnatrium erhöhte Wirkung auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose besitzt. Der Einfluß von gamma-Strahlung auf dünne Filme der Composit-Membran unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Um die maximal mögliche Verbesserung zu erreichen, wurden die Composit-Membranen einer kombinierten chemischen und Gammastrahlen-Behandlung unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen unterworfen.Die experimentellen Ergebnisse dieser kombinierten Behandlung zeigen, dalß die SPPO/PS Composit-Membran dabei abgebaut wird.
    Notes: The enhancement effect of the addition of nitromethane into the coating solution of sulfonated sodium poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPONa) polymer for the synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide)/polysulfone (SPPO/PS) thin film composite membranes on reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristic was studied. The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the SPPO/PS thin film composite membranes was also evaluated when the membrane samples were in the wet and dry conditions. The composite membranes were also subjected to a chemical treatment combined with gamma-ray irradiation in both wet and dry conditions in the hope of obtaining the maximum possible enhancement under each treatment. However, the experimental data of this combined treatment indicated the possibility of some degradation of the SPPO/PS composite membranes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mischungen aus Poly(styrol-co-butadien)/Polybutadien, Naturkautschuk/Poly-(ethylen-co-propylen-co-dien und Naturkautschuk/Poly(butadien-co-acrylnitril)) wurden nach drei unterschiedlichen Verfahren compoundiert und Härtungsverhalten sowie Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung der Vulkanisate wurden verglichen.
    Notes: Compounding of styrene-butadiene copolymer/polybutadiene, natural rubber/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and natural rubber/butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer blends was done in three different ways and their curing behaviour and the tensile properties of the vulcanizates are compared.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wurde mit Hilfe von Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator auf Stärke gepfropft. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden durch selektive Lösungsextraktion in einem Soxhlet-Extraktor isoliert. Der Einfluß von Reaktionszeit, Initiatorkonzentration, Temperatur sowie der Monomer- und Särekonzentration auf die Pfropfausbeute wurde untersucht. Eine erste Studie der Kinetik dieser Pfropfcopolymerisationsreaktion zeigt, daß sie dem üblichen kinetischen Verhalten einer Radikalpolymerisation folgt.
    Notes: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted onto starch using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The graft copolymers were isolated by selective solvent extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The effects of reaction time, initiator concentration, temperature, monomer, and acid concentrations on the graft yields were investigated. A preliminary kinetic study of the graft copolymerisation reactions shows that they follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerisation.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 47-61 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Verwendung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz mit gepreßten Olivenkenen im Gewichtsverháltnis 20/80 wurden kleine zylindrische Formkörper durch Härtung hergestellt. Diese wurden pyrolysiert und einige Proben mit Wasserdampf aktiviert. Für diese Formkörper und für zwei kommerzielle Aktivkohlen für Laboratoriumsbzw. Industrie-Anwendungen wurden folgende Eigenschaften bestimmt: die spezifische Oberfláche, die Struktur, die Adsorptionseigenschaften sowie die Adsorptionskapazität. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien durch Aktivierung höhere Werte für die untersuchten Eigenschaften ergeben als die nur pyrolysierten Proben und die zwei kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Adsorption des 4-Nitrophenols für alle untersuchten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien gemäß der Freundlich-Gleichung stattfindet. Die Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie zeigt, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien andere Porenarten aufweisen als die kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden durch die molekularen Dimensionen der zur Adsorption verwendeten Substanzen und den Polarisationseffekt der Substituenten am Benzolring erklärt.
    Notes: Mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde-resin and pressed olive stones in a weight ratio of 20/80 were cured as small cylinders and then pyrolyzed. Some samples were also activated by steam. For these specimens and for two commercial activated carbons of laboratory or industrial uses the specific surface area, the structure, the adsorption properties, and the adsorption capacity were determined. The results indicate that the carbonaceous material produced by activation has greater values for the examined properties in comparison to the only pyrolyzed and the two commercial activated carbons, respectively. It was found that the Freundlich-equation is valid for the adsorption of 4-nitrophenol on all carbonaceous materials examined. The produced carbonaceous materials have different kinds of pores than the commercial activated carbons. The experimental results are explained with regard to the molecular dimensions of the adsorptive substances and the polarization effect of the substituents of the benzene ring.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Anwendung der nichtlinearen Programmiermethode basierend auf der mittleren harmonischen Näherung wurden aus den Kontaktwinkeldaten die freie Dispersions- und polare, freie Oberflächenenergie, γSVd und γSVp, sowie die kritische, freie Oberflächenenergie, γc, von Polymeren bestimmt. Die Komponenten der freien Oberflächenergie der zu untersuchenden Flüssigkeiten, γLVd und γLVp, die die Bedingungen für den maximalen Wechselwirkungsparameter, Φ, wiedergeben, wurden ebenfalls mit Hilfe dieser Methode bestimmt.
    Notes: The dispersion and polar surface free energy components, γSVd and γSVp, and the critical surface free energy, γc, of polymers were determined from contact angle data by the application of a nonlinear programming method using harmonic mean approximation.The surface free energy components of the probe liquids, γLVd and γLVp, which reflect the conditions of the maximized interaction parameter, Φ, were also simultaneously determined by this method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 169-193 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The condensation reaction of bisphenol A, melamine, and formaldehyde was investigated by gel permeation chromatography, 13C-NMR-spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Because of the high reaction rates the condensation could be investigated only in the range of pH 6-10. At pH 6 and 7 the reaction of melamine with formaldehyde is dominating.With increasing pH-value the condensation of bisphenol A with formaldehyde is observed preferably. At pH 10 the condensation results in high molecular products. Cocondensation of melamine and bisphenol A through methylene bridges does not take place. But as a separation of the bisphenol A-formaldehyde condensates from the other condensation products was not possible, the three components may be connected through methylene-ether groups and/or intermolecular hydrogen bridges.
    Notes: Die gemeinsame Kondensation von Bisphenol A, Melamin und Formaldehyd wurde mit Hilfe der Gelpermeationschromatographie, der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, IR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse untersucht. Wegen der hohen Kondensationsgeschwindigkeit verläuft die Reaktion in Gegenwart der drei Komponenten nur im Bereich von pH 6-10 kontrollierbar. Bei pH 6 und 7 überwigt die Kondensation zwischen Melamin und Formaldehyd. Mit steigendem pH-Wert tritt die Reaktion von Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd in den Vordergrund und führt bei pH 10 zu hochmolekularen Kondensationsprodukten.Auf direkte Cokondensation hinweisende Methylenverknüpfungen zwischen der phenolischen Komponente und Melamin konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Kondensationsprodukte des Melamins bzw. des Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd lassen sich aber nicht mehr vollständig aus den Reaktionsgemischen der Vorkondensation abtrennen, was dafür spricht, daß die Komponenten über Methylenetherbrücken und/oder intermolekularen Wasserstoffbrücken miteinander verknüpft sind.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cyclodextrin membrane-modified electrodes as sensor materials have been prepared by dipping platinum electrodes in the water suspensions of an oriented cyclodextrin polymer, followed by drying the polymer layers on the electrodes. The polymer is obtained by the solid-liquid reaction between the crystal of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and hexamethylene diisocyanate in anisole. The thickness (2 - 80 μm) of the cyclodextrin membrane is satisfactorily controlled by changing the concentration of the water suspension of the polymer. The cyclodextrin membranemodified electrodes show a significant response to p-nitrophenolate in water which is highly in contrast with no measurable response to o- and m-nitrophenolates.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Im Zusammenhang mit dem Studium des Wirkungsmechanismus von industriell hergestellten Antidegradantien vom Typus der N-Phenyl-N′-sek-alkyl-1,Cphenylendiamine wurde die Reaktion von N-Phenyl-1,4-benzochinonimin (I) und 4-Hydroxydiphenylamin (II) mit dem Kohlenstoff-Radikal 1-Cyano-l-methylethyl (R·) studiert. Das Gemisch von I und II reagiert mit R· sehr leicht unter Bildung der Verbindungen III, VI und VIII. I allein reagiert wesentlich langsamer, und das Reaktionsgemisch enthält mehrere Produkte. Neben der Verbindung III wurden auch die Verbindungen IV und VII identifiziert. II allein reagiert bei denselben Bedingungen nicht. Die Verbindung IV bildet die zwei isomeren Strukturen syn und anti. Die Verbindung VIII ist ziemlich unbeständig; aus ihren Umwandlungsprodukten wurde XI isoliert. Bei der Reduktion von IV entsteht die Verbindung V, die ähnlich wie VIII unbeständig ist.
    Notes: The reaction of N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine (I)Decoding of abbreviations see p. 103/104. and 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (II) with the carbon centred 1-cyano-1-methylethyl radical (R·) was studied in connection with an investigation of the action mechanism of industrial antidegradants, such as N-phenyl-N′-sec-alkyl-1,4-phenylenediamines. The mixture of I and II reacts very readily with R·, giving rise to III, VI, and VIII. I alone reacts much slowlier, and the reaction mixture contains more products. IV and VII were identified along with III. Under the conditions used, II alone does not react at all. IV exists in two isomeric forms, syn and anti. VIII is very labile; XI was isolated from its transformation products. Reduction of IV gives V, which is labile, similarly to VIII.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 123-137 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Samples of polyoxymethylene (unstabilized and stabilized with the antiozonants N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamin (IPPD) and bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyd)pentaerithritylacetal (Vulkazon AFS)) were ozonized under mechanical load in a special climate chamber. Surface damages were determined by IR-spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. During the ozonolysis a damaged layer is formed, the thickness of which increases with increasing time of ozonization. During this damaging reaction acetal groups are attacked and oligomers are formed.
    Notes: Proben von unstabilisiertem und mit den Antiozonantien N-Isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin (IPPD) und Bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyd)-pentaerithrityl-acetal (Vulkazon AFS) stabilisiertem Polyoxymethylen wurden unter mechanischer Belastung in einer Klimakammer ozonisiert. Die Schädigungen auf der Oberfläche wurden IR-spektroskopisch und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Während der Ozonisierung von POM bildet sich eine geschädigte Schicht, deren Dicke mit zunehmender Ozonisierungszeit wächst. Hierbei wird das Polymere an den Acetalbindungen angegriffen, wodurch Ketten gespalten werden und Oligomere entstehen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 105-121 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden wurde der Einfluß der Entfernung unterschiedlicher porenbildender Verdünner aus porösen Styrol-Ethylstyrol-Acrylnitril-Divinylbenzol-Copolymeren auf die Netzwerkstruktur untersucht. Der günstigste Weg, den ursprünglichen strukturellen Bau des porösen Netzwerkes zu bewahren, welches in Gegenwart von solvatisierenden Verdünnern erhalten wurde, ist das Entfernen des inerten Mediums mit Methanol. Wenn die Wasserdampfmethode angewendet wird, fin det der sog. Kollapseffekt statt, und die aus solchen Harzen hergestellten Anionenaustauscher adsorbieren weniger Farbstoff im Vergleich zu jenen, die aus Perlen hergestellt worden sind, die mit Methanol behandelt wurden; Grund hierfür ist die durch den Kollaps veränderte Porengröße. Es wurde ebenfalls festgestellt, daß die in Anwesenheit von solvatisierenden Verdünnern (Mischungen aus Quellungs- und Fällmitteln) hergestellten Copolymeren in Methanol sehr gut quellen, obwohl dieses ein Fällungsmittel für Polystyrol ist.
    Notes: The influence of the removal of various diluents, pore forming agents from the porous styrene-ethylstyrene-acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers on the structure of the matrix was investigated by several methods. The most advantageous pathway to preserve the initial structural edifice of the porous networks performed in the presence of solvating diluents consisted in the removal of the inert media with methanol as it was noticed from the experimental data. If the steam treatment is applied, the collapse effect takes place and the anion exchangers prepared from such matrices exchange/adsorb less dye stuff by comparison with ones formed from beads treated with methanol, because the pore size was changed. It was also noticed that the porous copolymers performed in the presence of the solvating diluents (mixtures of solvatings and precipitants) swell very well in methanol though it is a precipitating medium for the polystyrenic macromolecular chains.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Styrol-Zinkacrylat-Copolymeren wurde die Abhängigkeit der Glasübergangstemperatur von der Aufheizgeschwindigkeit und der Zusammensetzung mit Hilfe der Differential-Scanning-Calorimetrie untersucht. Die Thermogravimetrie wurde benutzt, um die Pyrolyse dieser Copolymeren an Luft bei drei verschiedenen Aufheizge-schwindigkeiten zu untersuchen. Die thermische Zersetzung von Ionomeren ist ein 3-Stufen-Prozeß. Die Reaktionsordnung und Aktivierungsenergie wurde für jede Stufe der Zersetzung bestimmt unter Verwendung eines Computerprogramms, das auf den Methoden von Kissinger, Freeman-Carrol und Ozawa basiert. Es zeigte sich, daß die thermische Stabilität durch die ionischen Gruppen abnimmt.
    Notes: The dependence of glass temperature on the heating rate and the composition for styrene-zinc acrylate copolymers has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetry was used in order to examine these copolymers undergoing pyrolysis in an atmosphere of air at three different heating rates. Thermal decomposition of ionomers is a three-stage process. The orders and activation energies have been determined for each stage of decomposition using the computer programs based on the methods of Kissinger, Freeman-Carrol, and Ozawa. It was found that the heat stability is lowered by the ionic groups.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Pfropfung der hydrophilen Monomeren N-Vinylpyrrolidon, 2-Hydroxyethyl-methacrylat und Acrylamid auf ungesättigte segmentierte Polyurethane in N,N-Dimethylformamid mit 2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitril als Initiator wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden von den Homopolymeren durch selektive Extraktion in Soxhlet-Apparaturen abgetrennt. Die kinetische Untersuchung der Pfropfcopolymerisation zeigte, daß die Reaktionen dem gewöhnlichen kinetischen Verhalten radikalischer Polymerisationen folgen. Die Abhängigkeiten der Pfropfungsgeschwindigkeit von der Initiator- und N-Vinylpyrrolidonkonzentration waren von 0,5 bzw. 1,0 Ordnung. Für 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat wurden sie zu jeweils 0,5 und 2,0 gefunden. Die Gesamtaktivierungsenergie der Pfropfcopolymerisation des 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylats und des N-Vinylpyrrolidons betragen jeweilig 21,81 und 16,28 kJ/mol.
    Notes: Grafting of unsaturated segmented polyurethanes with some hydrophilic monomers such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and acrylamide in N,N-dimethylformamide have been studied using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Graft copolymers were isolated from homopolymers by selected solvent extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus. A kinetic study of graft copolymerization reactions showed that the reactions follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerization. The dependencies of the grafting rate on initiator and N-vinyl pyrrolidone concentrations were of 0.5 and 1.00 order, respectively. However, for the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, the dependencies of the grafting rate on initiator and monomer concentrations were found to be of 0.5 and 2.00 order, respectively. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization of the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone were 21.81 kJ/mol and 16.28 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ultra fine particles were impregnated by using a finely porous cellulose gel membrane. The impregnated gel membrane is a green transparent one and looks like a solid solution. Highly dispersed Ni catalysts on carbon were obtained from thermal decomposition of these gel membranes. The particle size is in the range of several nm to a few ten nm. They show interesting catalytic properties for hydrogenation of olefins such as cyclooctadiene.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The thermo-oxidation resistance and weatherability of LDPE and HDPE compositions, containing up to 45 wt.% calcium carbonate, are investigated. The thermo-oxidation resistance is investigated by dynamic DTA and natural ageing is carried out in an exposure station in a seaside climate. The change in strength and colour after ageing is determined. The behaviours of filled and unfilled polymers are compared. Empirical equations are given, describing the change in the investigated parameters during natural ageing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Proben aus Polypropylen, die bei sehr unterschiedlichen Einstellungen von Spritzgußmaschinen und Extrudern hergestellt wurden, stellten sich deutliche Abhängigkeiten des Alterungsverhaltens von den thermischen und mechanischen Produktionsparametern ein, die nicht durch unterschiedliche Schmelzetemperaturen bedingt sind. Insbesondere kann ausgesagt werden, daß bei Spritzguß eine hähere Scherbelastung und damit stärkere Orientierungen -eine stärkere Veränderung der Eigenspannungen hervorrufen-einen früheren Glanzabfall und-eine geringere Initialzeit bis zur Rißbildung bewirken.Bei Extrusion fiihrt eine geringere Abkühlgeschwindigkeit und damit ein gröberes Gefüge zu -einer stärkeren Veränderung der Eigenspannungen-einem friiheren und ausgeprägteren Glanzverlust-sowie zu einem früheren Abfall der Reißdehnungen.Unbekannt ist, -ob diese Wirkungen auch bei anderen Thermoplasten als PP auftreten-ob sie auch bei stabilisierten Systemen in relativ gleichem Umfange auftreten-und ob es sich lohnt, die beobachteten Effekte ggf. durch ge zielte Maschineneinstellungen auszunutzen.Auf jeden Fall sollten auf diesem Gebiet weitere Arbeiten durchge-führt werden.
    Notes: Specimens of unmodified polypropylene have been manufactured using extreme adjustings of injection moulding machines and extruders. After artificial weathering, distinct relations of ageing processes to thermal and mechanical production parameters were found, which are not influenced by different melting temperatures. It can be started in particular, that during injection moulding a larger shear stress (resulting in more distinct orientation) results in -a greater change in residual stresses-an earlier gloss reduction-a shorter initial period before cracking.During extrusion a lower cooling rate (resulting in a coarser structure) leads to -a greater change in residual stresses-an earlier and more distinct gloss reduction-an earlier loss of ultimate strain.It remains unknown, whether -these relationships will be similar with other thermoplastic materials than PP-these relationships appear to the same relative extend with stabilized systems-it may be advantageous, to use the observed effects by adjusting the injection moulding and extrusion machines in a special way.It seems to be significant to do more research work in this field.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Poly(tetramethylenadipat)diol mit einer Molmasse von 2000 wurde bei Temperaturen von 60 und 80°C in Gegenwart von Wasser bzw. 1,4-Butandiol sowie den gebräuchlichsten PUR-Katalysatoren (Dabco und Dibutylzinndilaurat) gelagert und die Solvolyse untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeit der Solvolyse nimmt mit steigender Temperatur deutlich zu. Die Alkoholyse wird durch Dibutylzinndilaurat weitaus stärker katalysiert als durch 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oktan. Die Hydrolyse verläuft langsamer, da vermutlich die Katalysatoren bei diesem Prozeß desaktiviert werden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Polyurethanen, die mit den partiell abgebauten Diolen hergestellt wurden, korrelieren gut mit der Abnahme der Molmasse.
    Notes: Poly(tetramethylene adipate)diol having a molar mass of 2000 was stored at temperatures of 60 and 80°C in the presence of water or 1,4-butanediol and a common PUR-catalyst like 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) or dibutyltindilaurate (DBTL) and the solvolysis was investigated. The rate of solvolysis is low at 60°C except for DBTL and shows a drastic increase at 80°C. In the alcoholysis reaction DBTL is a much more active catalyst than DABCO. The rate of hydrolysis is slower probably because the catalysts are deactivated by the acidic products formed in this process. The mechanical properties of polyurethanes made from the degraded polyols are in good correlation with the decrease in molar mass.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der Zugabe von Bis(allylphenyl) Typ (TM 120)-Monomeren auf die Eigenschaften von unidirektional mit Carbonfasern verstärkten 4,4′-Bismaleimidodiphenylmethan (BM) - 2,4-Tolylendiamin (A) (1:0,3 Molverhältnis) (BM-A)-Verbundkörpern wird vorgestellt. Das Aushärteverhalten sowie das thermische Verhalten in Luft wurde mit Hilfe der Differentialkalorimetrie (DSC) und der Thermogravimetrie (TGA) untersucht. Die thermische Stabilität nimmt mit ansteigenden Konzentrationen von TM 120 deutlich zu. Demgegenüber steht ein Anstieg der Biegefesigkeit, der interlaminaren Scherfestigkeit sowie der Schlagzähigkeit mit zunehmender Monomerkonzentration. Optimale mechanische Eigenschaften wurden bei etwa 20 Tle./100 Tle. TM 120 erreicht.
    Notes: The paper deals with the effect of addition of bis(allylphenyl) type (TM 120) monomer on the properties of unidirectionally carbon fibre reinforced 4,4′ bismaleimidodi-phenyl methane (BM) - 2,4-tolylene diamine (A) (1:0.3 molar ratio) (BM-A) composites. The curing and thermal behaviour of the blends was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere. A marginal decrease in thermal stability was observed with increasing concentration of TM 120. Flexural, interlaminar, and impact strength of the laminates increased in the presence of this monomer. Optimum mechanical properties were observed at ∼ 20 phr of TM 120.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In dieser Arbeit wurden Veränderungen des verschweisßten Rohr- und Fittingmaterials (isotaktisches Polypropylen Homo- bzw. Copolymer PP-R grau pigmentiert) wührend der für die Praxis relevanten Innendruckversuche untersucht.Bei der technischen Verschweißung von Polyolefinen entstehen charakteristische Gefüigezonen im Schweißnahtbereich, welche vom Fßgematerial und den Fngebedingungen beeinflußt werden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden sowohl die Materialcbergange im Fiigebereich (mit den Methoden - schichtenweise Differentialkalorimetrie, Polarisations- bzw. Elektronenmikroskopie sowie Fluoreszenzspektroskopie mit extrem hoher Ortsauflösung) als auch die Eigenspannungen hinsichtlich ihrer Verlnderung bei Langzeitpriifung im Innendruckzeitstandversuch bei 95°C bis zu einer Prüfzeit von 18.100h untersucht.Die Abbauvorgänge der Makromoleküle bei der Langzeitprüfung der 364 untersuchten Schweißmuster werden in einer gesonderten Arbeit behandelt (1).Durch die Innendruckversuche bei 950 C findet eine Nachkristallisation und eine Gefügevergrijberung sowohl in der Schweißnaht als auch im Gefüge der Schweißpartner statt. Dabei werden die beim Schweißvorgang eingebrachten Orientierungen und Eigenspannungen unter dem Einfluß von Wärme beim Innendruckversuch weitgehend abgebaut. Durch die unter Druckeinwirkung einsetzenden Flieävorgange jedoch werden neue Eigenspannungen eingebracht.Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß bei guter Verschweißung von PP mit PPCO ein kontinuierlicher Übergang (Mischungsbereich) vom Homopolymeren zum Copolymeren auftritt, der auch beim Langzeiteinsatz im Innendruckversuch erhalten bleibt.
    Notes: The present study deals with changes of welded material of pipes and fittings (isotactic polypropylene homo and copolymer PP-R grey pigmented) during the standardized internal pressure tests, which are commonly used for these products.Technical welding of polyolefines causes characteristic structures, which depend on the natural of the welded material and the welding conditions.In this investigation both the transition of material in the welding seam and the changes of internal stresses during internal pressure tests at 95°C until 18.100h test time were examined. The methods we used were Differential calorimetry of think layers, Polarization- and Electron microscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy with extreme high local resolution.The effects of decomposition of the macromolecules in the welded samples during the internal pressure tests will be described in a separate paper (1).The internal pressure tests at 95O C cause a recrystallization and an increase of the particle size in the structure of the welding seam and in the structure of the welded parts themselves. Under the above described testing conditions the orientations and internal stresses initiated by the welding procedure will relaxe influenced by heat. However the creep effects that occur in the material when exposed to pressure introduce new internal stresses. It could be shown that in perfectly welded parts a continuous transition from PP to PPCO occurs, which did not change after long time application of internal pressure tests.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 67-81 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden neue Coordinationspolymere mit Schiffschen Basen aus Terephthalal dehyd und S-Benzyldithiocarbazol als Liganden in DMF-Lösung hergestellt. Die erhaltenen Coordinationspolymeren wurden durch Elementaranalyse, magnetische Suszeptibilität, elektronische und IR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die durch Thermogravimetrie bestimmte thermische Stabilität der Coordinationspolymeren nahm in der folgenden Reihenfolge ab: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm Zn} \simeq {\rm Fe} 〉 {\rm Co} 〉 {\rm Ni} 〉 {\rm Min} \simeq {\rm Cu}$\end{document} Mn(II)-, Fe(II)-, Co(II)- und Ni(II)-Coordinationspolymere haben eine Oktaederstruktur mit der Koordinationszahl6, während bei den Cu(II)- und Zn(II)-Coordinationspolymeren eine 4-fach koordinierte quadratisch-planare bzw. eine tetraedrische Struktur gefunden wurde. Ligandenfeld- und nephelawetische Parameter wurden aus den Spektren errechnet. Dam wurde die Ligandenfeldtheorie spin-erlaubter Übergänge angewandt, die sich als konsistent mit einer 6-fach koordinierten Struktur für Mn(II)-, Fe(II)-, Co(II)- und Ni(II)-Coordinationspolymere erwies. Die Elementaranalysen ergaben bei allen Coordinationspolymeren ein Ligand: Metall-Verhältnis von 1 : 1 und deuteten bei den Mn(II)-, Fe(II)-, Co(II)- und Ni(II)-Coordinationspolymeren auf am Zentralatom assoziierte Wassermoleküle hin.
    Notes: New Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) coordination polymers of Schiff base ligand derived from terephthalaldehyde and S-benzyldithiocarbazate have been synthesized in DMF media. The coordination polymers have been characterized by their elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and by electronic and infrared spectral measurements.The thermal stability of each polymer was found out by thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal stability of coordination polymers obtained from thermograms has the following order: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm Zn} \simeq {\rm Fe} 〉 {\rm Co} 〉 {\rm Ni} 〉 {\rm Min} \simeq {\rm Cu}$\end{document} Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination polymers are of a six-coordinated octahedral structure while Cu(II) and Zn(II) coordination polymers are found to be four-coordinated square planar and tetrahedral structure, respectively. The ligand-field and nephelauxetic parameters have been determined from the spectra, using ligand-field theory of spin-allowed transitions which are found consistent with six-coordinate structure for Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination polymers. Elemental analyses indicates a ligand: metal ratio of 1 : 1 in all the coordination polymers and the association of water molecules with central metal atom in case of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) coordination polymers.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 91-106 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Emulsionen von aromatischen Polyamidsären (PMPE and PBPPM) in DMF und Methanol wurden benutzt, um gleichmäßige Filme auf Leiteroberflächen durch Elektrophorese abzuscheiden. Die Ausbeute und Qualität der abgeschiedenen Filme hängen von der Art der Polyamidsäre, dem Lösemittel, dem Fällungsmittel, dem oberflächenaktiven Mittel, dem pH-Wert und dem Polymergehalt ab. Die Bedingungen zum Erreichen der höchsten Abscheidungsausbeuten wurden bestimmt.
    Notes: The emulsions of aromatic polyamic acids (PMPE and PBPPM) in DMF and methanol were used to coat uniform films on conductor surfaces by electrodeposition. The deposition yield and quality of the deposited films are dependent on sort of polyamic acid, solvent (DMF), precipitant (MeOH), surfactant (TEA), pH value and solid content. To get maximum deposition yields from PMPE and PBPPM, the best conditions of electrodeposition were required as follows: pH value 5.7 and 5.58, MeOH/DMF weight ratio 3.0 and 2.8, solid content 3.5 and 2.4 wt.-%. Deposition yield was found to obey Faraday's law of electrolysis, and the higher the equivalent weight of the polyamic acid, the higher the coulombic yield.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 107-115 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein einfaches Modell von Doppelassoziaten wurde verwendet, um die Doppelschichtsorption von binären Gasgemischen an flexiblen linearen Polymerketten zu beschreiben. Die Isothermengleichung nach diesem Modell ist ein einfaches Produkt der isothermen Gleichung, die die Doppelschichtadsorption von binären Gasgemischen an einer homogenen festen Oberfläche beschreibt und einer Funktion, die die spezifischen Merkmale der Sorption an Polymeren widerspiegelt.
    Notes: A simple model of double associates is used to represent bilayer sorption of binary gas mixtures on a flexible linear chain of a polymer. The isotherm equation derived in terms of this model is a simple product of the isotherm equation describing bilayer adsorption of binary gas mixtures on a homogeneous solid surface and a function reflecting specific features of sorption on polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: For a polymer system sulfur-styrene containing 10 wt.-% styrene the morphologie depending on the polymerization temperature and time is described. Besides the characteristical orthorhombic phase a monoclinic and a pseudoorthorhombic phase were detected. Moreover amorphous material exists, depending on the polymerisation parameters.
    Notes: Für ein Polymersystem Schwefel-Styrol mit 10% Styrol wird die Abhängigkeit der Morphologie von der Polymerisationstemperatur und -zeit beschrieben. Neben der charakteristischen orthorhombischen Phase wurden röntgenographisch eine monokline und eine pseudoorthorhombische Phase nachgewiesen. Außerdem liegt, abhängig von den Polymerisationsparametern, ein amorpher Anteil vor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 117-129 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Für eine anionische Polymerisation mit langsamer Start- und schneller Wachstumsreaktion wurde ein analytischer Ausdruck entwickelt, der es erlaubt, mittlere Molekulargewichte und Molekulargewichtsverteilungen von Polymeren vorauszuberechnen, die in einem halbkontinuierlichen Polymerisationsverfahren bei Zulauf einer verunreinigten Monomerlösung zu einer vorgelegten Initiatolösung entstehen. Die Gültig keit des Modells wurde an der Polymerisation von Isopren mit n-Butyllithium in n-Heptan überprüft. Die beobachteten Unterschiede zwischen theoretischen und experimentellen Werten werden auf die Änderungen in den Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von Start- und Wachstumsreaktion zurückgeführt, die dadurch hervorgerufen werden, daß sich die Polarität der Lösung durch die Anreicherung mit polaren Verbindungen ändert. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, daß bimodale Molekulargewichtsverteilungen entstehen, wenn sich an die halbkontinuierliche Verfahrensweise eine diskontinuierliche zur Erhöhung des Monomerumsatzes anschließt.
    Notes: For anionic polymerization with slow initiation and rapid propagation step analytical expressions are presented to calculate average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions for a semi-batch process, in which a monomer solution contaminated by impurities is fed to an initiator solution in the reactor. The validity of the model was checked for the case of the polymerization of isoprene by n-butyllithium in n-heptane. The differences observed between theoretical and experimental values are explained by the changes in the rate constants of the initiation and the propagation step caused by the change in the polarity of the reaction solution by the continuously fed impurities. Furthermore it is shown that polymers with bimodal molecular weight distributions are formed if the semi-batch procedure is followed by a batch one to increase the monomer conversion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 141-154 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Wärmehärtungsmechanismus von zu Anstrichen verwendeten Polyethersulfonen wurde unter Verwendung von FTIR/PAS und ESCA untersucht. Als Ergebnis wurde bestätigt, daß der Luftsauerstoff Einfluß auf den Wärmehärtungsmechanismus hat. Das heißt, die Härtung des Polyethersulfonfilms beginnt an der Oberfläche und verläuft entsprechend Reaktion (4) weiter.
    Notes: Thermosetting mechanism of paint-use polyethersulfones was studied by utilizing FTIR/PAS and ESCA. As a result, it was confirmed that the oxygen in the air has an effect on the thermosetting mechanism. That is, the polyethersulfone film were baked from the surface, and proceeded according to reaction (4).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Mechanismus der Reaktion von 4-Ethylphenol mit Zimtaldehyd mittels HET 2DJ 13C-NMR Spektroskopie, 1H-NMR Spektroskopie und GPC untersucht. In der ersten Stufe findet die Addition des 4-Ethylphenols an die Carbonylgruppe und an die Doppelbindung des Zimtaldehyds statt. In der zweiten Stufe reagiert die —CH(OH)-Gruppe mit 4-Ethylphenol und bildet verzweigte Produkte in rötlich gefärbten Harzen mit einem Durchschnittsmolekulargewicht on 600. Die Reaktion verläuft bei Temperaturen über 100°C in stark saurem Medium.
    Notes: The mechanisms of the reaction between 4-ethylphenol and cinnamaldehyde were studied by means of HET 2DJ 13C-NMR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and GPC. In the first step of the reaction the addition of 4-ethylphenol to carbonyl group and to double bond of cinnamaldehyde takes place. In the second step of the reaction the —CH(OH)-group reacts with 4-ethylphenol to form branched products of red coloured resins with an average molecular weight of 600. The reaction takes place at temperatures above 100°C in strong acid medium.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 163-173 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die elektrischen und paramagnetischen Eigenschaften des durch eine direkte Methode aus Benzol und Schwefel synthetisierten Poly(phenylensulfid)s wurden untersucht. Die Geichstromdunkelleitfähigkeit dieses Polymeren im nativen Zustand ist 10-10 S/m. Sie nimmt während des Dotierens mit Jod um 8 Größenordnungen zu. Es wurde für undotierte Proben n-Typ- und für die mit Jod dotierten Proben p-Typ-Leitfähigketi beobachtet. Anhand der ESR-Messungen wurden die Zahl der paramagnetischen Zentren und der g-Faktor bestimmt, die entsprechend gleich 0.80 · 1017 Spins/g und 2.0037 für das undotierte Polymere bei Raumtemperatur betragen. Änderungen der Spinkonzentration sowohl für die mit Jod dotierten als auch für die im Temperaturbereich von 513 - 903 K getemperten Proben werden dargestellt. Es wird versucht, die Form der ESR-Linien auf eine quantitative Weise zu diskutieren.
    Notes: Electrical and paramagnetic properties of poly(phenylene sulphide) synthesized by a direct method from benzene and sulphur were investigated. In darkness dc conductivity of the polymer in its pristine state is of the order 10-10 S/m. Upon doping with iodine it increases by 8 orders of magnitude. For undoped samples the n-type conductivity and for those doped with iodine the p-type conductivity was observed. On the basis of ESR experiments the number of spins and g-value were determined, which for undoped polymer at room temperature are equal to 0.80 · 1017 spins/g and 2.0037, respectively. Next, the changes in spin concentration both for the iodine doped samples and these annealed within the temperature range 513 - 903 K were described. An attempt to discuss the ESR lineshape in a quantitative way was also made.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 175-186 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 3-Carboxy-4-hydroxyacetophenon (CHAP) wurde in verschiedenen Mengenverhältnissen mit Formaldehyd unter Verwendung von Alkali als Katalysator polykondensiert. Die erhaltenen Polykondensate (CHAP-F) wurden durch Elementaranalyse, IR-Spektroskopie, Bestimmung des Zahlenmittels der Molmasse (M̄n), Thermogravimetrie und Bestimmung der Grenzviskosität charakterisiert. Es wurden polymere Metallchelate mit Cu2+ -, Fe3+ -, Co2+ -, Ni2+ - und UO2+2 -Ionen hergestellt und charakterisiert. Mit Hilfe der Batch-Austauschmethode wurden Ionenaustauschereigenschaften eines CHAP-F Harzes gegen Fe3+ - Cu2+ - und Ni2+ -Ionen bestimmt.
    Notes: 3-Carboxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone (CHAP) was polycondensed with various proportions of formaldehyde using alcoholic alkali as catalyst. The resin samples, designated as CHAP-F, have been characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectroscopy, by estimation of their number average molecular weights (M̄n), by measurement of intrinsic viscosity, and by TGA. Polymeric metal chelates of one CHAP-F sample with Cu2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, and UO22+ ions have been prepared and characterized.Ion-exchanging properties of one CHAP-F resin sample for Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ metal ions are studied by the application of the batch-equilibration method.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktionsenthalpien für die Addition von Hydroxidanion an substituierte Phenylisocyanate wurden mit MNDO berechnet. Die erhaltenen Werte stimmen sehr gut mit den Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten der Addition von 2-Ethylhexanol an Phenylisocyanate überein. Dies ermöglicht eine Abschätzung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten für nucleophile Additionen innerhalb vernünftiger Grenzen, ohne daß experimentelle Arbeiten durchgeführt werden müssen.
    Notes: The enthalpies for the addition of hydroxide anion to substituted phenylisocyanates have been calculated with MNDO. The results obtained correlate well with the rates of addition of 2-ethylhexanol to phenylisocyanates. This allows us to estimate the rates for nucleophilic addition within reasonable limits without the need for experiments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 211-211 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 63-76 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Copolymerisation von Butylacrylat (BA) mit Vinylbenzylglycidylether (VBGE) wurden neue Acrylkautschuke mit Epoxyseitengruppen hergestellt. Um die Zähigkeit eines gehärteten Epoxidharzes (Bisphenol A/Diglycidylether/p,p′-Diaminodiphenylsulfon) zu erhöhen, wurde dieses mit den erhaltenen Acrylkautschuken modifiziert. Eine Zugabe von 20 Gew.-% eines Copolymeren mit 74% BA und 26% VBGE-Einheiten führte zu einer 30proz. Zunahme der Bruchzähigkeit (KIC) des gehärteten Harzes bei einer minimalen Einbuße an Festigkeit und Steifigkeit. Die modifizierten Harze wiesen eine Zwei-Phasen-Morphologie auf, bei der Kautschukteilchen mit einer mittleren Größe von 2 μm in eine Epoxymatrix eingebettet sind. Das Copolymere ohne Epoxyseitengruppen, das aus BA und Vinylbenzylmethoxyethylether hergestellt wurde, war als Modifier unwirksam, was darauf hindeutet, daß die seitenstándigen Epoxidgruppen zu einer guten Zwischenphasenadhäsion zwischen Kautschukteilchen und Matrix, und damit zu erhöhter Zähigkeit führen. Kautschuke, die 55 oder 86% BA-Einheiten enthielten, waren ebenfalls ungenügende Modifier. Zugabe des ersteren ergab Harze mit einer homogenen Phasenstruktur, während die Zugabe des letzteren zu einer Phasentrennung zwischen Kautschuk und Epoxidharz führte.
    Notes: New acrylic rubbers with a pendant epoxy group were prepared by copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) with vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (VBGE). The modification of an epoxy system (bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether/p,p′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) with the acrylic rubbers was carried out in order to increase the toughness of the cured epoxy resin. The addition of 20 wt.-% of the copolymer containing 74% of BA and 26% of VBGE units resulted in a 30% increase in the fracture toughness (KIC) of the cured resin at minimal expenses of strength and modulus of the resin. The modified epoxy resin had two-phase morphology in which the rubber particles with average diameter of 2 μm are dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The copolymer without the pendant epoxy group, prepared from BA and vinylbenzyl methoxyethyl ether, was ineffective as a modifier, indicating that the reaction of the pendant epoxide with the epoxy matrix resulted in good interfacial adhesion between the rubber particles and the matrix, and in the increased toughness. The epoxide-containing copolymers with 55 or 86% of BA units were also insufficient modifiers. The addition of the former yielded cured resins with homogeneous structure, whereas that of the latter resulted in macroscopic phase separation between the rubber and the epoxy resin.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 77-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lösungen von Polyether/Polyurethan-Kationomeren, die auf Toluoldiisocyanaten basieren, wurden hergestellt und durch Zugabe von Wasser emulgiert. Die Eigenschaften von aus diesen Lösungen und Emulsionen gegossenen Filmen werden mit Hilfe der Infrarot-Spektroskopie, dynamisch-mechanischer Messungen, der Differentialkalorimetrie, der Weitwinkel-Röntgendiffraktometrie und von Zug-Dehnungsmessungen untersucht. Der Einbau eines asymmetrischen, kettenverlängernden Bausteins, wie N-Methyldiethanolamin, führt zu einem Polyurethan (PU), das, ßhnlich wie das mit symmetrischem, kettenverlängerndem 1,4-Butandiol aufgebaute Polyurethan, eine meßbare Ordnung innerhalb der Hartsegmente aufweist. Nach der Quarternisierung mit Glykolsaure haben die PU-Kationomeren erhöhte Werte für Reißdehnung, Zugmodul und -festigkeit. Dies kann auf die Coulomb-Wechselwirkung zwischen benachbarten Hartsegmenten zurückgefiihrt werden. Das Emulgieren der PU-Ionomer-Lösung führt zu einer verstärkten Mischung der Weich-und Hartsegmente, wodurch die ursprünglichen Hartsegmentbereiche mit asymmetrischen 2,4-Urethanisomeren eine höhere Konzentration an 2,6-Isomeren enthalten. Die Hartsegmentbereiche erreichen dadurch höhere Ordnung. Diese erhähte Ordnung und Phasenmischung führt zu einer Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Die Veränderung der Leitfähigkeit und Viskosität wahrend dem Emulgieren zeigt, daß das Wasser zuerst auf der Oberfäche des Mikroionengitters der Hartsegmente adsorbiert wird und dann in die ungeordneten und geordneten Hartsegmentbereiche eindringt.
    Notes: Toluene diisocyanate based polyether polyurethane cationomer solutions are prepared and then emulsified by adding water. Properties of films cast from the solutions and emulsions are studied using infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and tensileelongation testing. It is found that the use of the asymmetric chain extender, N-methyl-diethanolamine, also leads to a polyurethane (PU) with detectable order in the hard domains as in the PU with symmetric chain extender such as 1,4-butandiol. After quaternization with glycolic acid, the PU cationomers have increased elongation and tensile strength and modulus. These can be attributed to the proper Coulomb interaction between two neighboring hard segments. The emulsification of the PU ionomer solution results in an increased mixing between the soft segments and the hard segments with asymmetric 2,4-urethane isomers originally located in the hard domains, and therefore make the hard domains containing a higher concentration of symmetric 2,6-isomer. The hard domains then become more ordered. Such increased order and phase mixing leads to an increase of the three tensile properties. During the emulsification conductivity and viscosity variations show that water is firstly adsorbed on the surface of the hard segment microionic lattices and then enters into the disordered and ordered hard domains successively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. vi 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 49-63 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A molecular model for the complex formed between the jack bean lectin concanavalin A (Con A) and glycopeptides of the complex biantennary class is described. The model was derived using coordinates for Con A determined by x-ray crystalographic refinement techniques, with 1.75-Å resolution data, and coordinates for the glycopeptides obtained from 1H-nmr measurements, using the nuclear Overhauser effect. Previous solution and crystallographic studies provided several constraints on the possible mode of interaction of the lectin and the glycopeptide. Examination of the model suggests that the glycopeptide binding site is defined by four loops on the protein surface made up by amino acid residues: 12-18, 98-102, 205-208, and 226-229. Within these loops, it favorable interactions with high-affinity ligands and tose responsible for the unfavourable interactions with poor ligands.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are functional amphiphilic substances that deploy their chared and nonpolar substituents as required for traversing aqueous phases en rout to their ultimate transfer into the lipid-rich environment of their membrane-embedded receptors. As a means of determining the role(s)that cellular membrane lipids may play in mediating these events, we describe an experimental approach, using high-resolution 1H-and 13C-nmr spectroscopy, for delineation of the structures of complexes between the (neurotransmitter pentapeptide) enkephalins and micellar and vesicular phospholipid particles. Residue-specific enkephalin interactions with lipid are identified; affinity constants for the hydrophobic component(s) of peptide/lipid association are calculated for enkephalin and several of its analogs; and comparisons with morphine are presented. Finally, based on molecular details obtained from nmr experiments, a model is proposed for the encoutner of a peptide hormone with a phospholipid membrane surface.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Both (dC-dG)4 and d(CGCATGCG) crystallize in hexagonal lattices and their three-dimensional structure has been solved by x-ray diffraction analysis. Both molecules are found to form Z-DNA, although the fine details of the structure cannot be visualized due to the statistical disordering of the molecules along the c-axis, which is brought about by the symmetry constraints of the space group. This represents the first time in which the unmodified dinucleotide sequences CpAp and TpGp have been found to form Z-DNA in a crystalline lattice.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 359-377 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Differential melting curves (DMCs) of DNAs pA03 and pBR322 in solutions of different ionic strength (0.02 and 0.2M Na+) were obtained. A previously developed procedure of glyxal fixation of partially denatured DNA molecules at temperatures within the melting range was used to construct electron-microscopic melting maps for pBR322 and pAO3 plasmid DNA and for the replicative form of bacteriophage φX174 DNA, allowing the melting of these DNA molecules to be followed in solutions of low (0.1 × SSC) and high (1 × SSC) ionic strength. In spite of the fact that the melting was at nonequilibrium at the low ionic strength, the melting maps for the two kinds of solutions practically coincided. Experimental data are compared with theoretical calculations based on the Fixman-Freire algorithm. The conclusion is that the melting pattern of these DNAs is, on the whole, correctly described by the theory, although there are appreciable differences between the theoretical and experimental differential melting curves. We have also determined the relation between the melting temperature of a region and its GC content, with allowances made for the boundary conditions of melting in 0.1 × SSC and 1 × SSC solutions, and have analyzed the theoretical shape of peaks of the DMCs.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 421-423 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 427-439 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrostatic effects are believed to determine the molecular structure and function of macromolecules in many ways. In metallo-based enzymes and in metal-macromolecule interactions in solution, these effects may predominate. In order to tackle metal ion-nucleic acid interactions theoretically, we propose a modification of Debye's distance-dependent dielectric function first proposed more than 50 years ago. This function more closely approximates physical reality at small interatomic separations. Our theory yields a dielectric function that gives reasonable agreement with experimental data in preliminary calculations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is suggested that the three-dimensional structure of globular proteins is partly determined by a framework of strengthened hydrogen bonds that involves both ionic side chains and water molecules in addition to the polypeptide backbone. This conclusion follows from a combination of the results of ab initio molecular-orbital computations on small model molecules and high-accuracy x-ray data on the rubredoxin molecule. The computations yield the idea of hydrogen-bonded bridges that are built from tens of atoms, and the experimental information yields the idea that the bridges are assembled into clusters, each of which is built from hundreds of atoms. Some 10 such clusters then form a globular protein.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 581-581 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 581-581 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 157-166 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies to different parts of bacteriorhodopsin were raised to define its topography in the membrane. It is shown that the amino acid residue Glu 194 is a part of an antigenic determinant and should be located on the membrane surface. We found that the removal of the C-terminal 17 amino acid sequence does not affect the efficiency of the proton transport in bacteriorhodopsin. From a combination of proteolysis and secondary structure prediction methods an experimentally testable structural model for bovine rhodopsin is presented. The complete amino acid sequence of the transducin γ-subunit consisting of 69 residues was determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 403-419 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorescence and absorbance methods were used to study the interaction of daunomycin with calf-thymus DNA over a wide range of temperatures and NaCl concentrations. van't Hoff analysis provided estimates for the enthalpy of the binding reaction over the NaCl range of 0.05-1.0 M. Daunomycin binding is exothermic over this entire range, and the favorable binding free energy arises primarily from the large, negative enthalpy. Both the enthalpy change and entropy change are strong functions of ionic strength. Possible molecular contributions to the enthalpy and entropy are discussed, leading to the tentative conclusion that hydrogen-bonding interactions at the interacalation site are the primary contributors to the observed thermodynamic parameters. The dependence of the enthalpy on the ionic strength is well beyond the predictions of current polyelectrolyte theory and cannot be fully accounted for. The enthalpy and entropy changes observed compensate one another to produce relatively small free-energy changes over the range of solution conditions studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanical creep and creep recovery in small shearing deformations have been studied in unligated clots formed with both thrombin and ancrod. In thrombin clots, both A binding sites (which interact with “a” sites to link monomer units within a protofibril) and B sites (which interact with “b” sites to form links between protofibrils) are exposed to enable formation of linkages; in ancrod clots, only the A sites are exposed. Fine clots (with minimal lateral aggregation of protofibrils), coarse clots (with substantial aggregation of fibril bundles), and clots of intermediate coarseness were compared. Fine thrombin clots showed less creep at short times but more creep at long times than coarse or intermediate clots and had more irrecoverable deformation relative to the initial elastic deformation. Ancrod clots had greater irrecoverable deformation than the corresponding thrombin clots, both fine and coarse. The permanent deformation in fine ancrod clots was enormous, corresponding almost to fluid character; the rate of permanent deformation was larger than that in fine thrombin clots by more than two orders of magnitude. For all types of clots, differential measurements of compliance (or its reciprocal, elastic modulus), as well as the applicability of the Boltzmann superposition principle to calculation of creep recovery, showed that the overall density of structure remained constant throughout the mechanical history; i.e., if structural elements were breaking, they were reforming at the same rate in different configurations. The possibility that the weakness of ancrod clots is attributable to partial degradation of α-chains rather than absence of Bb linkages was eliminated by comparisons of clots made with thrombin, ancrod, and ancrod plus thrombin; the last two showed identical partial degradation of α-chains (by gel electrophoresis), but the first and third had essentially identical initial elastic moduli and creep behavior. Two alternative mechanisms for irrecoverable deformation in fine clots are discussed, involving rupture of protofibrils and slippage of twisted segments, respectively.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 735-745 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recently, it was suggested that parallel β-sheets have a significant dipole moment, in contrast to antiparallel sheets. Ab initio molecular-orbital (MO) calculations on parallel and antiparallel β-strands of tetra(Gly) show that they have very similar charge distributions. Interaction energies between two and three strands of tetra(Gly), obtained using the direct reaction field Hamiltonian, show that a particular choice of point charges is probably not crucial for calculating interactions within β-sheets, but that it might be for calculating interactions between these sheets and other parts of a protein, in particular, α-helices. The point-charge representation of our MO-SCF results will probably reduce the hazard of introducing artefacts in electrostatic calculations of protein conformational energies, provided the short-range interactions are treated in a more realistic way, i.e., such that intra- and interchain induction effects are included.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pH and ionic strength dependence of conformation of the COOH-terminal fragment 206-316 (fragment FII) of thermolysin was monitored by far-uv CD and difference absorption measurements. This fragment was shown previously to possess the properties of a protein domain, i.e., able to refold into a stable nativelike structure [Fontana, A., Vita, C. & Chaiken, I. M. (1983) Biopolymers 22, 69-78]. Analysis of the CD spectra in the pH range of 1-12 indicated that near pH 1, the conformation of fragment FII appears to be in an intermediate state (H) between the fully unfolded one (U) [the guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn · HCl)-induced unfolded state] and the nativelike state (N - that attained at neutral pH). Quantitative analysis of secondary structure from CD spectra revealed that state H at 4°C is characterized by some 30% α-helical structure, compared to 47% for state N. The heat- and Gdn · HCl-mediated unfolding transitions of state H were fully reversible and characterized by little cooperativity, which is taken as an indication that state H corresponds to several species possessing different, and low, conformational stabilities. The midpoint transition from state H to N occurs near pH 2.5, implying that the acid transition results from the titration of carboxyl groups of the fragment with anomalously low pK, as would be expected for groups involved in specific salt bridges. Fragment FII at pH 1 (state H) may be induced to exhibit nearly the same degree of helicity of state N simply by increasing the ionic strength of the solution, thus reducing the repulsive interactions between positive charges within the highly charged fragment at pH 1. The results obtained emphasize the role of electrostatic interactions in the folding and stability of fragment FII and suggest a mechanism of folding of the fragment from U to N involving an intermediate state characterized by an assembly of fluctuating α-helices.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 867-882 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: DNA supercoiling is both an interesting problem from the theoretical point of view and an important phenomenon affecting DNA functions in vivo. Experimentally, however, hardly more than the overall hydrodynamic shape, superhelical density, and enzymic or chemical reactivity of the parameters that are in some way related to DNA secondary and tertiary structure in the superhelical state can be determined. Consequently, it is highly desirable to build up models of DNA supercoiling that, on the one hand, match the above type of global data and, on the other, take advantage of the knowledge about DNA structure at lower levels of complexity, i.e., with linear DNA molecules and its synthetic models. One possible approach, presented here, deals with an extension of Fuller's and Benham's general ideas concerning an elastomechanical model of DNA supercoiling. We extend their model with an algorithm suitable for numerical calculations and construct a fast computer program, ROPASE, that displays the rod shapes as dependent on its elastic properties and applied stress. Development of this program made inevitable a detailed analysis of the input parameters found to be degenerate in the sense that not all of them should be considered variable to generate the whole set of possible solutions of the model. Many calculations were performed using ROPASE to test its properties and the properties of the elastomechanical model. Representative DNA shapes are presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 905-910 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 883-895 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermotropic behavior of lipid vesicles prepared from dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in the presence of cytochrome c oxidase has been studied by highly sensitive differential scanning microcalorimetry. This protein has a remarkable effect on the gel-liquid crystalline transition of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. In the presence of cytochrome c oxidase, the thermogram of the lipid vesicles exhibits a second endothermic peak, which is adjacent to the main lipid phase-transition peak and appears at a higher temperature. As the concentration of added protein increases, the two endothermic peaks become further separated, and the transition temperatures and the heats of transition corresponding to both endothermic peaks decrease. A greater decrease in the transition temperature at the lower-temperature peak with added protein suggests that the lower-temperature peak is more perturbed than the higher-temperature peak. The higher-temperature peak is not thermally reversible. Treatment of sample well above the transition temperature results in a reduction of the magnitude of the higher-temperature peak. The lipid-protein interaction contributing to the higher-temperature peak is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An intercalation model of a complex between DNA and a bleomycin fragment (BLMF), consisting of the bithiazole core and an amide and a protonated amino substituent, is presented. The model, which shows a preference for BLMF with the protonated amine in the minor groove and the acetyl terminal inserted into either the minor and major grooves, respectively, agrees with recently obtained nmr data. The selection of sites I and II, which have the smallest unwinding of the three theoretical intercalation sites, is consistent with the experimental unwinding angle of 12°. The bithiazole moiety stacks between two base pairs of the double helix, while the protonated substituent interacts ionically with the negatively charged regions of the backbone in the minor groove of the DNA. The protonated amine also forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen of the amide group on the same substituent. Analysis of drug complexes with different base-pair sequences reveal four energetically defined groups. The relative energy of the dimer duplex complexes of BLMF correlates with bleomycin's observed base-sequence specificity upon cleavage. The most stable intercalation complexes form adjacent to the bases cleaved most readily. This correlation suggests a primary connection between intercalation and cleavage. A model cleavage site based on these preliminary theoretical calculations and the experimental observations is proposed. It consists of an intercalation site in a trimer duplex. Pyrimidine(p)purine sequences are the predominant sites for intercalation, and the base adjacent to the site at the (3′) end is cleaved.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Boc-L-Leu-Aib-Pro-Val-Aib-Aib-Glu(OBzl)-Gln-Phl (Boc = t-butyloxycarbonyl, Aib = α-aminoisobutyric acid, Bzl = benzyl, Phl = phenylalaninol), C59H90N10O14, the protected C-terminal nonapeptide with the sequence 12-20 of alamethicin, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 15.666, b = 16.192, c = 26.876 Å, and Z = 4. The molecular conformation is right-handed helical with three α-(5 → 1 hydrogen bonds) and three β-turns (4 → 1 hydrogen bonds). All but two of the hydrogen bonds are significantly longer than the usual value and show bifurcation to some extent. The α/310r-helical nonapeptide molecules are arranged head-to-tail along the a direction. The resulting linear antiparallel chains are linked by a weak intermolecular hydrogen bridge, thus forming a two-dimensional layer structure in the ab plane. The conformation of this nonapeptide is almost identical with that of the corresponding C-terminal part found by x-ray crystallography of the eicosapeptide alamethicin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A newly designed host-guest approach is introduced as a experimental tool to explore the relationship between the sequence of peptides and their secondary structure. From the CD spectra of the host-guest peptides studied, a tentative scale for the α-helix potential in 2,2,2-trifluorethanol of guest amino acids is delineated. The conformational preferences are also examined in β-structure supporting media (solid state, CH2Cl2, CH3OH, H2O) using ir-absorption and CD techniques. Scales for the β-forming tendency of guest amino acid residues in the different media are delineated. It is shown that the preferred conformation of the host-guest peptides is a function of the medium, the chain length, and the protecting groups. Given the fact that conformational effects are important in peptide synthesis, the tentative scales may serve as a guideline to predict secondary structures of side-chain-protected or -deprotected peptides in a given solvent, complementing the well-known empirical conformational prediction parameters.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1107-1111 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction of CuCl2 with poly(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) (poly[Cys(CH2COOH)]) and poly(S-carboxyethyl-L-cysteine) (poly[Cys(C2H4COOH)]) were studied by absorption spectra and circular dichroism (CD). On mixing CuCl2 with polypeptide solutions, absorption bands appeared at 320-325 nm in both polypeptides, and at 255-260 nm in the case of poly[Cys(CH2COOH)]. A stable bound species was formed in the case of poly[Cys(CH2COOH)], since the apparent molar absorption coefficient of the bound species did not depend on the mixing ratio. From the absorption data, it was inferred that Cu2+ ions were complexed with the side chains, most probably with sulfur atoms and carboxyl groups. Induced optical activities were observed for the two polypeptides. The CD spectra of poly[Cys(CH2COOH)] + CuCl2 gave simpler aspects than those of poly[Cys(C2H4COOH)] + CuCl2.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The atomic motions from a molecular-dynamics simulation of yeast tRNAPhe are analyzed and compared with those observed in protein simulations. In general, the tRNA motions are of larger amplitude, they are more anisotropic, and they arise from potentials of mean force that are more anharmonic than in the protein case. In both cases, the amplitudes are largest for atoms on the surface of the molecules. On the other hand, the most anisotropic and anharmonic atomic motions are generally found in the interior of the tRNA, while they are found on the surface of the protein. These differences are discussed in terms of the differences in structure between nucleic acids and proteins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 947-960 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purpose of this work was to improve our understanding of quasielastic light scattering from long rigid rods (QL 〉〉 1). For these scatterers, only small angular displacements are required to produce dephasing of the scattering light. This plus the fact that only rods lying perpendicular to Q contribute to the scattered light allow one to simplify the intermediate scattering function to an analytic form. This form is shown to be nonexponential, exhibiting (t)-½ behavior at long delay times. This new scattering function can then be fit to experimental functions using standard methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1001-1008 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report high-resolution Raman spectra obtained from the circularly closed double stranded DNA (Form I) of the plasmid pBR322 and from its corresponding linear form (Form III). Comparison of the Raman spectra of the two forms demonstrates that, at a superhelical density (σ) of -0.069, which is of the same order as those found for most naturally occurring circularly closed DNAs, no major structural transitions occur under the influence of supercoiling. It is shown that at least 98% of all bases are fully basepaired, and that the conformation of the sugar-phosphate backbone is essentially identical to that of linear DNA. Thus, the structural influence of supercoiling, under these conditions, is confined to minor stretches of the plasmid DNA.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1075-1087 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The force field established for guanine is applied here to guanine-containing biopolymers by considering the model compound 9-methylguanine, in which the methyl group is taken as a dynamic unit whose mass is concentrated on the carbon. In-plane normal-mode frequencies for this model compound and its N-deuterated analog are calculated. Band frequencies observed for guanine residue in Raman biopolymer spectra, such as those for DNA, RNA, or poly(G), are associated with calculated modes having similar wavelengths. They are discussed by taking into account observed and calculated D, 15N, and 18O isotopic shifts. The atomic displacements for the normal modes corresponding to the principal bands are illustrated and a number of assignments proposed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 935-945 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative study has been made using molecular mechanics of the ring entity of the active enkephalin analogs, Tyr-cyclo(-Nω-D-XXX-Gly-Phe-Leu-), where XXX is variously A2pr, A2bu, and Orn. Several conformations are favored for all three, and the lower-energy models are compatible with a Gly3-Phe4 bend in the active form of enkephalin. Some difficulties in assuming standard geometries in conformational surveys are illustrated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 961-978 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The x-ray structure of Boc-L-Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-Glu(OBzl)-Ala-Aib-Ala-Aib-Ala-OMe(I) represents the first α-helix determined by direct methods. This undecapeptide is a model of the N-terminus of alamethicin, and it exhibits voltage-dependent pores in bilayer membranes at a higher voltage and concentration than alamethicin. The molecule crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with a = 10.602(1), b = 23.884(3), c = 13.622(1) Å, β = 95.61(6)°, and Z = 2. It adopts a right-handed α-helical conformation in the solid state with intramolecular 5 → 1 hydrogen bonds. An additional intramolecular hydrogen bond is bifurcated, forming a stronger 4 → 1 interaction (i.e., a β-turn III) and a weaker 5 → 1 interaction, thus prolonging the α-helical part up to 9 residues. The α-helix radius of 2.1 Å, the height per residue (distance Ni … Ni + 4) of 1.53 Å, the resulting length of the α-helical part of 13.8 Å (9 residues) resp. 15.3 Å (10 residues), the van der Waals radius (4.7 Å), and the minimal diameter of pores formed by aggregation of 3-10 α-helices were calculated omitting the Glu(OBzl) side chain. In the crystal, the α-helices are linked head to tail via two hydrogen bridges forming continuous chains. Adjacent helices are oriented in antiparallel with their helix axes and have only van der Waals contacts.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1009-1022 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy measurements were performed on two fractionated samples of duplex poly(dGdC) containing 230 (+40, -30) base pairs (bp) and 590 ± 40 bp. Deconvolution using the intermediate zone formula for the twisting correlation functions (which is not valid for such short DNAs) yields apparent torsion constants for these two samples that are disparate and, in any case, too low. By similarly deconvoluting simulated data constructed from the correct twisting correlation functions, it can be inferred that these two samples actually exhibit the same torsion constant, α = (4.0 ± 0.4) × 10-12 dyn cm. Within the experimental uncertainties, this value is the same as that reported previously from this laboratory for linear φ29 and linearized M13mp7 DNAs. The 590-bp sample exhibited a peculiar evolution of its apparent torsional rigidity from a very high initial value, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \hat \alpha $\end{document} = (11 ± 1) × 10-12 dyn cm, to a normal value over a period of several months, during which time many very small fragments appeared to be dissociated from, or annealed out, of the predominant high-molecular-weight species. Possible interpretations of these observations are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation and internal dynamics of supercoiled pUC 8 DNA (2717 bp) are examined by dynamic light scattering, and the magnitude and uniformity of its torsional rigidity are determined using time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy of intercalated ethidium dye. Neither measurement gives any indication of an appreciably reduced bending or twisting rigidity, or anomalously rapid internal motions. For 31P, in supercoiled pUC 8, we measure T2 = (2.0 ± 0.5) × 10-3 s. This lies within the range of present theoretical estimates obtained using normal rigidities. The proton linewidths observed for pUC 8 and pBR322 (4363 bp) DNAs are within a factor of 2-3 of those similarly estimated assuming ordinary rigidities.According to Bendel, Laub and James [(1982) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104, 6748-6754], supercoiled pIns36 DNA (7200 bp) exhibits an astonishingly long T2 = 1.17 s for 31P, a slowest rotational relaxation time, τ = 5 × 10-9 s, and an enormously reduced bending rigidity. Serious questions raised by these findings are examined here. The 5 × 10-9 s slowest rotational relaxation time is shown to be physically inadmissible.The nmr relaxation theory developed previously by Allison, Shibata, Wilcoxon, and Schurr [(1982) Biopolymers 21, 729-762], is modified to incorporate new results for deformable filaments, which directly introduce the highly nonexponential tumbling correlation function for reorientation of the local helix axis. Essential requirements for a complete calculation of R2, including estimation of the tumbling correlation function and evaluation of the still unknown DIP/CSA cross-term, are described in detail. Slow coil-deformation modes analogous to the Rouse-Zimm modes of linear DNAs are shown to make an important, if not dominant, contribution to the R2 relaxation rate. Geometrical parameters in the theory are chosen to provide good agreement with literature data for 600-bp linear DNA. Using this theory and an informed guess for the tumbling correlation function, we find that the 31P-nmr relaxation data of Bendel et al., if correct, necessarily impose on their DNA one or more extreme properties, such as enormously reduced bending or twisting rigidities. In contrast, the same theory yields reasonable agreement with the T2 reported here for 31P in supercoiled pUC 8 DNA when its rigidities are assumed to be quite ordinary.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1131-1146 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aggregation behavior of the chemotactic peptide analogs, Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OMe (1) and Formyl-Met-Aib-Phe-OMe (2), has been studied in chloroform and dimethylsulfoxide over the concentration range of 0.2-110 mM by 1H-nmr spectroscopy. Both peptides associate in CDCl3 at concentrations ≥ 2 mM, while there is no evidence for aggregation in (CD3)2SO. Analog 1 adopts an extended conformation in both solvents favoring association to form β-sheet structures. A folded, γ-turn conformation involving a 3 → 1 hydrogen bond between Met CO and Phe NH is supported by 1H-, 13C-nmr, and ir studies of analog 2. The influence of backbone conformation on the ease of peptide aggregation is demonstrated by ir studies in CHCl3 and CD studies in dioxane.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1169-1188 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A 24-ps molecular-dynamics simulation of motions in yeast tRNAPhe has been completed. The overall structure of the molecule is well preserved, for the motions represent fluctuations about an average structure that is very much like the crystallographic structure. The four helical stems remain intact, the structures of the loop regions do not deteriorate, and even the base stacking in the single-stranded amino acid acceptor terminus is maintained. With two exceptions, none of the sugar puckers is significantly changed. The unconstrained floppy motions of base A76 are responsible for the repuckering of ribose 76. The other sugar that repuckers is ribose, 46, and this is the result of a very small structural change in the center of the molecule that is also responsible for the breakage of one tertiary hydrogen bond. This change in local structure does not seriously distort the base-stacking and intercalation patterns where the variable loop and the D-stem interact.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1233-1246 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The persistence length and effective long-range bending rigidity are derived for a discrete model of an anisotropically bending filament and shown to be independent of the torsional rigidity. The twisting persistence length is found to be independent of the anisotropic bending rigidity. Other statistical properties are briefly discussed, including the dependence of tangent vector projections on contour length. The dependence of a tensor contraction on contour length is derived for an isotropically bending filament with no equilibrium twist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1257-1263 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrational CD (VCD) and ir absorption data are reported for a series of films of Boc-(L-Ala)n-OMe homo-oligopeptides (n = 3-7) in the amide I and A regions. The data evidenced a sharp change between n = 3 and n = 4, which parallels the onset of β-structure formation, and another between n = 5 and n = 6, which parallels the full development of β-structure. This represents the first report of the application of VCD to oligopeptide conformation. The data resembled earlier reported film VCD studies of higher-molecular-weight polypeptides of known β-structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1271-1291 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational-energy calculations have been carried out in order to determine favorable packing arrangements within a group of α-helices. The influence of side chains and of the number of interacting α-helices on the mode of packing was analyzed. In this work, our earlier methods for computing the packing energy of a pair of α-helices [Chou, K.-C., Némethy, G. & Scheraga, H. A. (1984) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 3161-3170] have been extended to treat the interactions among several helices. Also, new algorithms allow the matching of standard peptide geometry to x-ray coordinates of helical complexes and the analysis of interrelations between several helices. As a specific test case, the packing of three neighboring α-helices, viz., the A, G, and H helices of sperm whale myoglobin, was considered. Minimum-energy arrangements were computed for the separate A-H and the G-H α-helix pairs as well as for the A-G-H three-helix complex. For the packing of the nearly antiparallel G and H α-helices, the same optimal structure was obtained in two- and three-helix complexes, indicating that a single packing arrangement is specifically favored by interhelix interactions. For the pair of nearly perpendicular A and H α-helices, interactions are less specific, so that there is no unique optimal structure in the two-helix complex; in the three-helix complex, however, a specific mode of packing is favored even for the A-H pair. This result indicates that the presence of other nearby α-helices can influence the packing of a given α-helix pair. The computed arrangement of the A-G-H complex is very close to that of the crystallographically determined structure. These results can be used to make deductions about the likely sequence of events in protein folding, where, in this particular case, it appears that the G-H helix pair may form first and then induce proper orientation of the A helix.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum-mechanical equations are derived that are particularly well suited to actual computations of the CD for helical polymers. They make use of cyclic boundary conditions and helical symmetry, so that only two matrices with a size equal to the number of transitions considered need be diagonalized. The final equations are expressed directly in terms of monomer properties and helical parameters to invite the same input as earlier calculations, and are given as a rotational strength times a shape function for ease of comparison with the earlier work. The shape of the helix term is expressed as a derivative with respect to ω and depends on the distance between monomers along the helix axis. Other terms involving two electric transition dipoles depend on the distance from the helix axis to the transition center. These equations are directly comparable to the classical equations derived for cyclic boundary conditions and helical symmetry. We present an outline of the derivation and enough intermediate steps to clarify how the equations arise.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1385-1385 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1479-1491 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Raman and ir spectra of α-helical poly(L-glutamic acid) have been assigned on the basis of a normal mode calculation for this structure. The force field was based on our previously refined main-chain force constants for α-poly(L-alanine) and side-chain force constants for β-calcium-poly(L-glutamate). Despite the identical backbone α-helical structures, significantly different frequencies are calculated, and observed, in the amide III and backbone stretch regions of α-poly(L-glutamic acid), as compared with α-poly(L-alanine). This clearly demonstrates the influence of side-chain structure on mainchain vibrational modes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1501-1514 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The quasielastic light scattering method was used to study the ionic strength dependence of the mutual diffusion coefficient of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) as a function of NaCl and CaCl2 concentrations. The results indicate a splitting in the relaxation times that depends on the ratio Cp/Cs, where Cp and Cs are the polyion and added salt concentrations. A universal relationship taking into account Manning's theory of condensation and the Debye screening due to the added salt is proposed to characterize the fast-slow relaxation time transition.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1573-1593 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theory of the electrophoresis of DNA through gels with large interfiber spacing, such as dilute agarose, is presented. We assume that the DNA molecule moves along its axis through a “tube” in a neutral gel under the influence of the electric field. The tube is random except for possible bias due to the effects of the field. When the field is small, we easily recover the inverse-length dependence of the mobility found previously by de Gennes and by Doi and Edwards. At higher fields, a new effect appears; the tube becomes oriented because the field biases the direction of the leading end of the chain as it moves to form an extension of the tube. This leads to an increase of the mobility with increasing field by adding a field-dependent but length-independent term to the mobility expression. In agreement with experiment, we find that the field effect can be important at fields as low as 1 V/cm and that the effect can seriously decrease the sensitivity of the mobility to chain length. We also examine the fluctuation of the migration distance, the degree of orientation induced by the field, and the transient effects occurring when the feld direction is rotated by a right angle.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The confortmational behavior of the cholecystokinin-related fragments CCK4, CCK5, and CCK6 as determined by 1H-nmr spectroscopy in DMSO-d6 and water and fluorescence-transfer measurements in aqueous medium are greatly dependent on the ionization states of these peptides. Under netral conditions, the backbones of CCK5 and CCK6 preferentially adopted folded forms with a β-turn including the four residues Gly-Trp-Met-Asp, probably stabilized by a hydrogen bond between the CO of Gly and the NH of Phe. In these structures, possible induced by an ionic interaction between the carboxylic group of Asp32 and the NH3+ group of the N-terminal amino acid, the lateral chains of the various residues are quite distant from each other (15-16 Å). Under acidic conditions, extended structures without interactions between side chains predominate for CCK5 and CCK6, while for CCK4, a conformational change drawing the Trp and Phe side chains in close proximity was shown by fluorescence. The conformations observed in aqueous medium at physiological pH are discussed in relation to the biological activity of these peptides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1647-1662 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermally induced helix-coil transitions of myosin rod, light meromyosin, and tropomyosin were studied by optical rotatory dispersion (ORD). Fractional helicity was calculated from both the Moffitt-Yang parameter, b0, and the corrected mean residue rotation [m′] at 231.4 nm. Between 3 and 30°C, [m′] increases linearly with a slope of 59/°C, whereas b0 is virtually constant, indicating apparently different thermal melting behavior. Poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-glutamic acid) in their helical forms and myoglobin also show a nearly linear temperature dependence of [m′]231.4. Muscle proteins in 6M guanidine hydrochloride and the random-coil forms of the homopolymers exhibit temperature-dependent values of [m′]231.4 and b0. We conclude from these observations that ORD properties of both α-helices and random-coil polypeptides have significant intrinsic temperature dependencies. A new method of estimating fractional helicity as a function of temperature is proposed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 2035-2040 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation of phenylacetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine in the crystalline state was characterized by Fourier-transform ir and Raman spectroscopy and was unambiguously solved by x-ray single-crystal determination. In the crystalline state, the molecule adopts a partially folded conformation quite similar to that of another cell wall peptide, acetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine [Benedetti et al. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 9229-9234], although the crystal structure is stabilized by a quite different intermolecular hydrogen-bond pattern. No significant deviation from the usual trans-planar peptide group geometry was detected. The conformations accessible in the noncrystalline state were investigated by ir measurements in solution and conformational energy calculations. The theoretical study revealed that the peptide is a highly flexible molecule, since 55 minima were detected, within 3 kcal/mol, including the conformation found in the single crystal. The ir data for phenylacetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine in different solvents were in accordance with virtually extended conformations, with some indication for weak, intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded C5-rings. These conformational data obtained for the cell wall peptide analog are compared with those known for penicillin G in the crystalline state.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1863-1879 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular mechanical calculations were done on complexes of ethidium cation with various base-paired deoxydinucleoside monophosphates [(ApT)2, (TpA)2, (A2 · T2), (GpC)2, (CpG)2, and (G2 · C2)] and deoxyhexanucleoside pentaphosphates [(ATATAT)2, (TATATA)2, (A6 · T6), (GCGCGC)2, (CGCGCG)2, and G6 · C6]. Relative binding energies, sequence preferences, and conformational aspects of the intercalation complexes were studied. The most detailed models used (an all-atom force field) gave results in good agreement with previous calculations and experimental work. Less-sophisticated models did not perform as well.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1931-1940 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Transient photodichroism (TPD) data of Wang, Hogan and Austin [(1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 5896-5900] for methylene blue intercalated in nucleosomal DNA are reanalyzed using correct expressions for the twisting correlation functions of short DNAs. The data are found to rule out several models, including one in which the helix axis is constrained to girdle the equator of the sphere (representing a core particle) but the DNA is everywhere able to undergo twisting deformations and/or spinning around its local helix axis. However, when the ends of the DNA are rigidly clamped (against twisting/spinning) to the sphere, the same model gives an excellent fit to the data with suitable choices of parameters. From these and other observations, it is concluded that nucleosomal DNA must be rigidly clamped to the core particle at one or more points, although it is free to twist at most sites of binding of the dye. Moreover, if the dye is actually bound between two clamped points, then the torsional rigidity of DNA in the nucleosome is at least 2.5 times smaller than that of an ordinary linear DNA.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1881-1897 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The configurational properties of an isotropically bendable wormlike chain have been investigated using a Monte Carlo approach. In particular, radial distributions for end-to-end separation, ring closure probabilities, and the angular correlation of the two ends of the chain have all been determined as a function of the contour length of the chain. The results of this analysis, when applied to the data of Shore et al. [(1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4833-4837] for the length dependence of ring closure for doublehelical DNA, yields a value for the persistence length of DNA in remarkable agreement with earlier hydrodynamic studies.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1909-1930 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Optical anisotropy data spanning a very wide time range are analyzed using a recently developed theory for filamentous macromolecules that can bend, twist, and also admit overdamped local libration (or wobble) of the chromophore. A rapid relaxation in the fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) near 10-10 s is fitted well by superimposing isotropic wobble of the chromophore (7° rms polar and azimuthal amplitude) on the long-wavelength twisting and bending motions that characterize the relaxation at longer times but not by the latter alone. Moreover, the decay of the FPA from 0.5 to 150 ns cannot be satisfactorily fitted by chromophore wobble in an otherwise rigid DNA and must be assigned primarily to twisting, as noted previously.Data from 26 ns to 20 μs for 600 base-pair DNA are accurately fitted with only a single adjustable scaling factor when the tumbling correlation function is taken to be the empirical electric birefringence decay function of Elias and Eden. The Barkley-Zimm (BZ) tumbling correlation for very long filaments appears to decay too rapidly and results in significant overestimation of the depolarization for t ≤ 300 ns. In the range of the FPA experiments (t ≥ 150 ns), equally good fits with equally uniform torsion constants are obtained for long DNAs, whether one assumes the BZ tumbling correlation function or neglects tumbling entirely, but the best-fit torsion constant (actually the product of the torsion constant and friction factor) is increased by the factor 1.9 when the BZ result is used with a persistence length of a = 500 Å. The BZ bending theory is compared with other experimental data, and also with a simulation at very short times with mixed results. Present uncertainties regarding the tumbling dynamics and the friction factor for azimuthal rotation allow the torsion constant to be as much as 3.8 times larger than the initial estimate of Thomas et al. Apparent torsion constants obtained from relative ligase kinetics measurements are also briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1981-1993 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electric-field pulses of e.g. 20 kV/cm and 100 μs induce a strong decrease in the scattered light intensity of DNA condensed by spermine. Analysis of this effect demonstrates that the decrease of the scattered light intensity results from decondensation of DNA. The decondensation reaction requires an electric-field strength exceeding a threshold value. Complete decondensation can be achieved at field strength that are only slightly higher than the threshold value. The decondensation process is strongly accelerated at high electric-field strengths. At 30 kV/cm, the decondensation time constant is ∼8 μs, corresponding to an acceleation factor of 105 relative to the field-free decondensation reaction. The dependence of the time constants on the electric-field strength suggests that the field-induced decondensation is due to a dissociation field effect. The condensation process observed after electric-field pulses at low concentrations of DNA and spermine shows a characteristic induction period, which strongly depends on the spermine concentration. This induction period reflects the time required for the binding of spermine to DNA, until the degree of binding is sufficiently high for the condensation reaction. The fast dissociation of condensed DNA by electric-field pulses together with a relatively long lifetime of the free DNA results in a reaction cycle resembling a hysteresis loop.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985) 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 2041-2043 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...