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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (621)
  • Aerodynamics  (32)
  • 1955-1959  (653)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1920-1924
  • 1958  (653)
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  • 1955-1959  (653)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An exploratory wind-tunnel investigation has been made to determine the lift effects of blowing from nacelles over the upper surface of flaps on a model having a delta wing of aspect ratio 3. Several flap conditions were examined. High-pressure air was blown from an external-pipe arrangement supported above the wing to simulate jet-engine exhaust. The jet momentum- coefficient range was from 0 to 3.0 and the model angle of attack was 0 deg. The results of this limited investigation show that values of jet circulation lift coefficient larger than the Jet reaction were produced with blowing over flaps from nacelles mounted above the wing. 'I!heuse of double slotted flaps with the gap unsealed between the flaps and wing had a large detrimental effect on the lift capabilities. With these gaps sealed, larger lift coefficients were obtained when fantails were added to the nacelles. The longitudinal trim problems created by large diving moments were similar to those encountered with other jet-augmented-flap systems
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-4298
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analysis, based on the linearized thin-airfoil theory for supersonic speeds, of the wave drag at zero lift has been carried out for a simple two-body arrangement consisting of two wedgelike surfaces, each with a rhombic lateral cross section and emanating from a common apex. Such an arrangement could be used as two stores, either embedded within or mounted below a wing, or as auxiliary bodies wherein the upper halves could be used as stores and the lower halves for bomb or missile purposes. The complete range of supersonic Mach numbers has been considered and it was found that by orienting the axes of the bodies relative to each other a given volume may be redistributed in a manner which enables the wave drag to be reduced within the lower supersonic speed range (where the leading edge is substantially subsonic). At the higher Mach numbers, the wave drag is always increased. If, in addition to a constant volume, a given maximum thickness-chord ratio is imposed, then canting the two surfaces results in higher wave drag at all Mach numbers. For purposes of comparison, analogous drag calculations for the case of two parallel winglike bodies with the same cross-sectional shapes as the canted configuration have been included. Consideration is also given to the favorable (dragwise) interference pressures acting on the blunt bases of both arrangements.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-4120
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Skin-temperature measurements have been made at several locations on a flat-faced cone-cylinder nose which was flight tested on a fivestage rocket-propeller model to a Mach number of 14.64 and a free-stream Reynolds number of 2.0 x 10(exp 6), based on flat-face diameter, at an altitude of 66,300 feet. The copper nose had a 29 deg total-angle conical section which was 1.6 flat-face diameters long. The aerodynamic-heating rates determined from the temperature measurements reached 1,440 Btu/( sec) (sq ft) on the flat face. The heating rates near the center of the flat face agreed well at Mach numbers up to 13.6 with those obtained by a theory for laminar stagnation-point heating in equilibrium dissociated air (Avco Res. Rep. 1). At Mach numbers above 13.6, the heating rates at locations near the center of the flat face became progressively lower than stagnation-point theory and. were 29 percent lower at Mach number 14.6 at the end. of the test. The reason for this behavior of the heating on the central part of the flat face was not determined. Excluding the relatively low heating rates that occurred on the central part of the nose at the highest Mach numbers, the distribution of experimental heating along the innermost 0.79 of the flat-face radius, expressed as a percentage of stagnation-point heating, was in fair agreement with the distribution predicted by laminar theory. At a location of 0.71 radii from the stagnation point, the experimental heating was very near 130 percent of the theoretical stagnation-point rate at Mach numbers from 11 to 14.5. The experimental beating rates on the conical section of the nose were in good agreement with laminar-cone theory using the assumption of theoretical sharp-cone static pressure on the conical section.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L57L03
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: The flow about slender flat-top wing-body configurations traveling at high supersonic speeds and small angles of attack is investigated analytically. In the case of conical configurations, approximate algebraic solutions to the flow field are obtained. In the case of configurations which are conical at the vertex but curved in the stream direction, these solutions are combined with a slender-body approximation to the generalized shock-expansion method to obtain the flow downstream of the vertex. Surface pressures were obtained experimentally at Mach numbers from 3.0 to 6.0 and angles of attack up to 6 deg for several flat-top wing-body configurations. These configurations consisted of half-bodies of revolution mounted beneath thin highly swept wings. Three different bodies were employed. The two conical bodies consisted of one-half of a fineness-ratio-5 cone and one-half of a fineness-ratio-2-1/2 cone. The body of the third configuration consisted of one-half of a fineness-ratio-5 ogive. For the ogive configuration, the leading edges of the wing were curved and designed to just maintain the theoretically determined bow shock along the leading edge at a Mach number of 5.0 and an angle of attack of 3 deg. The predictions of the conical flow theory of this paper for the surface pressures are found to be in good agreement with experiment at Mach numbers of 5.0 and 6.0 up to angles of attack of approximately 3 deg. Estimated lift, drag, and pitching-moment coefficients, as well as maximum lift-drag ratio, are also in good agreement with existing experimental data at a Mach number of 5.0 for a conical configuration having an arrow plan-form wing. It is also found that the generalized shock-expansion method yields reasonable good agreement with experiment for the surface pressures on the half-ogive configuration at a Mach number of 5.0 and an angle of attack of 3 deg.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A58F02
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: A pressure-distribution investigation of a wing-body combination has been conducted in the Langley 4- by 4-foot supersonic pressure tunnel at a Mach number of 2.01. The model configuration consisted of an ogive-circular-cylinder body (fineness ratio of approximately ii) and a wing with 45 deg of sweepback at the quarter-chord line, an aspect ratio of 4, and a taper ratio of 0.2. Data were obtained on high-, mid-, and low-wing configurations and for the body and wing alone for a range of angles of attack and yaw from 0 deg to 15 deg. The tabulated pressure coefficients are presented in this report.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-15-58L
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: Heat-transfer measurements were made on a simulated glide-rocket shape in free flight at Mach numbers up to 10 and free-stream Reynolds numbers of 2 x 10 based on distance along surface from apex and 3 x 10 based on nominal leading-edge diameter. The model simulated the bottom of a 75 deg delta wing at 8O deg angle of attack. The data indicated that for the test conditions a modified three-dimensional stagnation-point theory will predict to reasonable engineering accuracy the heating on a highly swept wing leading edge, the heating being reduced by sweep by the 3/2 power of the cosine of the sweep angle. The data also indicate that laminar heating rates over the windward surface of a highly swept flat glider wing at moderate angles of attack can be predicted with reasonable engineering accuracy by flat-plate theory using wedge local flow conditions and basing Reynolds numbers on lengths from the wing leading edge parallel to the surface center line.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L58G03
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-05-11
    Description: Chemical sublimation has been employed for boundary-layer-flow visualization on the wings of a supersonic fighter airplane in level flight at speeds near a Mach number of 2.0. The tests have shown that laminar flow can be obtained over extensive areas of the wing with practical wing-surface conditions. In addition to the flow visualization tests, a method of continuously monitoring the conditions of the boundary layer has been applied to flight testing, using heated temperature resistance gages installed in a Fiberglas "glove" installation on one wing. Tests were conducted at speeds from a Mach number of 1.2 to a Mach number of 2.0, at altitudes from 35,000 feet to 56,000 feet. Data obtained at all angles of attack, from near 0 deg to near 10 deg, have shown that the maximum transition Reynolds number on the upper surface of the wing varies from about 2.5 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 1.2 to about 4 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 2.0. On the lower surface, the maximum transition Reynolds number varies from about 2 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 1.2 to about 8 x 10(exp 6) at a Mach number of 2.0.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-H58E28
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: The influence of the deflected flow caused by the fuselage (especially by unsymmetrical attitudes) on the lift and the rolling moment due to sideslip has been discussed for infinitely long fuselages with circular and elliptical cross section. The aim of this work is to add rectangular cross sections and, primarily, to give a principle by which one can get practically usable contours through simple conformal mapping. In a few examples, the velocity field in the wing region and the induced flow produced are calculated and are compared with corresponding results from elliptical and strictly rectangular cross sections.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1414 , Jahrbuch 1942 der Deutschen Luftfahrtforschung; 263-279
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: An investigation was made of the effects of body shape on the drag of a 45 deg sweptback-wing-body combination at Mach numbers from 0.90 to 1.43. Both the expansion and compression fields induced by body indentation were swept back as the stream Mach number increased from 0.94. The line of zero pressure change was generally tangent to the Mach lines associated with the local velocities over the wing and body. The strength of the induced pressure fields over the wing were attenuated with spanwise distance and the major effects were limited to the inboard 60 percent of the wing semispan. Asymmetrical body indentation tended to increase the lift on the forward portion of the wing and reduce the lift on the rearward portion. This redistribution of lift had a favorable effect on the wave drag due to lift. Symmetrical body indentation reduced the drag loading near the wing-body juncture at all Mach numbers. The reduction in drag loading increased in spanwise extent as the Mach number increased and the line of zero induced pressure became more nearly aligned with the line of maximum wing thickness. Calculations of the wave drag due to thickness, the wave drag due to lift, and the vortex drag of the basic and symmetrical M = 1.2 body and wing combinations at an angle of attack of 0 deg predicted the effects of indentation within 11 percent of the wing-basic-body drag throughout the Mach number range from 1.0 to 1.43. Calculations of the wave drag due to thickness, the wave drag due to lift, and the vortex drag for the basic, symmetrical M = 1.2, and asymmetrical M = 1.4 body and wing combinations predicted the total pressure drag to within 8 percent of the experimental value at M = 1.43.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-23-58L
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: The results of an experimental wind-tunnel investigation of the damping in pitch of two wing-body combinations are presented. The tests were conducted in the Ames 14-foot transonic wind tunnel over a Mach number range from 0.60 to 1.18. Reynolds numbers varied from 2.3 million to 5.5 million. One model with a triangular wing of aspect ratio 2 having NACA 0003-63 sections was oscillated at an amplitude of 1.5 and a frequency of 17 cycles per second. The second model with a straight, tapered wing of aspect ratio 3 having 3-percent biconvex circular-arc sections was oscillated at an amplitude of 1.0 deg and a frequency of 21 cycles per second. The tests were made with the models at a mean angle of attack of 0 deg. The models were oscillated with a dynamic balance that was actuated by an electrohydraulic servo valve. The results of this investigation indicate the usefulness of this new apparatus. The experimental results of a previous damping-in-pitch investigation conducted in the Ames 6- by 6-foot supersonic wind tunnel at Mach numbers from 1.2 to 1.7 are included along with the theoretical results for this Mach number range. In the region of Mach numbers available for comparison, good agreement is shown to exist between the data obtained in the two facilities, except for some inconsistency in the slopes of the curves at M = 1.2 for the triangular wing. The results of this investigation clearly show that for the models tested the maximum values of the damping in pitch occur at Mach numbers very close to 1.0, and that abrupt changes in the pitch damping are encountered near sonic velocity.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-11-30-58A
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: A series of flight tests were conducted to determine the lift and drag characteristics of an F4D-1 airplane over a Mach number range of 0.80 to 1.10 at an altitude of 40,000 feet. Apparently satisfactory agreement was obtained between the flight data and results from wind-tunnel tests of an 0.055-scale model of the airplane. Further tests show the apparent agreement was a consequence of the altitude at which the first tests were made.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-8-58A
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Resilts have been obtained from an investigation in the Langley Unitary Plan wind tunnel at Mach numbers from 2.5 to 3.5 of a canard-type configuration designed for supersonic cruise flight. Tests extended over an angle-of-attack range from about -4 deg to 11 deg and an angle-of-sideslip range from -4 deg to 6 deg. For the present tests, the results indicate that forebody deflection was an efficient means of providing a sizable positive pitching-moment shift with little or no increase in drag. The test configuration had a trimmed lift-drag ratio of approximately 6.0 at Mach numbers near 3.0 and at a Reynolds number of 2.52 X 10(exp 6). The configuration was both longitudinally and directionally stable. The lift-drag ratios are believed to be somewhat low in as much as the models used for the present tests had large-grain size transition strips fixed to the various surfaces and these strips added wave drag. Also, the model boundary-layer diverter is oversized with respect to a full-scale configuration and therefore contributes additional drag.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L58G16
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Tests were performed in the high. Mach number test section of the Langley Unitary Plan wind tunnel to determine the static lateral stability. and aileron characteristics of a 0.067-scale model of the Bell X-2 airplane at Mach numbers of 2.29, 2. 78, 3.22, and. 3.71. The results of this investigation indicated that the directional stability of the model was low with directional instability occurring at Mach numbers higher than 3.1 and. angles of attack higher than about 5.0 deg (equivalent lift coefficient of about 0.18). The yaw due to aileron deflection was adverse and, with 10 deg of differential aileron deflection, large enough to overbalance the available directional restoring moment at all angles of attack higher than about 5.0 deg (equivalent lift coefficient of about 0.21) and Mach numbers higher than 2. 5. The model also had positive effective dihedral for all test attitudes and. Mach numbers. A combination of the lateral-stability parameters with the aileron characteristics to form a lateral-stability criterion for a maneuver using ailerons alone indicated that the model has characteristics which would. give unstable aperiodic behavior (divergence) over a large part of the test Mach number and angle-of-attack range.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L57J28a
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: An investigation has been made in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel of some effects of horizontal-tail position on the vertical-tail pressure distributions of a complete model in sideslip at high subsonic speeds. The wing of the model was swept back 28.82 deg at the quarter-chord line and had an aspect ratio of 3.50, a taper ratio of 0.067, and NACA 65A004 airfoil sections parallel to the model plane of symmetry. Tests were made with the horizontal tail off, on the wing-chord plane extended, and in T-tail arrangements in forward and rearward locations. The test Mach numbers ranged from 0.60 to 0.92, which corresponds to a Reynolds number range from approximately 2.93 x 10(exp 6) to 3.69 x 10(exp 6), based on the wing mean aerodynamic chord. The sideslip angles varied from -3.9 deg to 12.7 deg at several selected angles of attack. The results indicated that, for a given angle of sideslip, increases in angle of attack caused reductions in the vertical-tail loads in the vicinity of the root chord and increases at the midspan and tip locations, with rearward movements in the local chordwise centers of pressure for the midspan locations and forward movements near the tip of the vertical tail. At the higher angles of attack all configurations investigated experienced outboard and rearward shifts in the center of pressure of the total vertical-tail load. Location of the horizontal tail on the wing- chord plane extended produced only small effects on the vertical-tail loads and centers of pressure. Locating the horizontal tail at the tip of the vertical tail in the forward position caused increases in the vertical-tail loads; this configuration, however, experienced considerable reduction in loads with increasing Mach number. Location of the horizontal tail at the tip of the vertical tail in the rearward position produced the largest increases in vertical-tail loads per degree sideslip angle; this configuration experienced the smallest variations of loads with Mach number of any of the configurations investigated.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-5-58L
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Pressure distributions are presented for a thin highly tapered untwisted 45 deg sweptback wing in combination with a body. These tests were made in the Langley 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel at both 1.0 and 0.5 atmosphere stagnation pressures at Mach numbers from 0.800 to 1.200 through an angle-of-attack range of -4 deg to 12 deg.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-20-58L
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: For a number of years now, experimenters have been making measurements of skin friction. Formerly, the main interest was at low Mach numbers; later, measurements were made at supersonic Mach numbers. However, almost all of these measurements were over a limited range of Reynolds numbers. On the other hand, these measurements fairly well determined the effects of Mach number and heat transfer on skin friction. The purpose of this paper is to give the results of skin-friction measurements in turbulent boundary layers at high Mach numbers and high Reynolds numbers where data have not previously existed. The equipment used was expressly designed to provide these conditions. As is well known, it is difficult to obtain high Mach numbers and high Reynolds numbers simultaneously with air in a wind tunnel. In order to avoid condensation, it is necessary to heat the air, with a resulting loss in density and Reynolds number. It is desirable, then, to use a gas that does not condense at high Mach numbers. This suggested helium, which was used as a working fluid in some of the tests. At high Mach numbers in a given wind tunnel, higher Reynolds numbers can be obtained with helium than with air, principally because no heating of the helium is required. The different ratios of specific heats also contribute to the increase. In using helium as a working fluid, it is, of course, necessary to determine the equivalence of air and helium in the turbulent boundary layer.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A58D28
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An investigation has been made to determine the aerodynamic characteristics in pitch at a Mach number of 6.8 of hypersonic missile configurations with cruciform trailing-edge flaps and with all-movable control surfaces. The flaps were tested on a configuration having low-aspect-ratio cruciform fins with an apex angle of 5 degrees; the all-movable controls were mounted at the 46.7-percent body station on a configuration having a 10 degrees flared afterbody. The tests were made through an angle-of-attack range of -2 degrees to 20 degrees at zero sideslip in the Langley 11-inch hypersonic tunnel. The results indicated that the all-movable controls on the flared-afterbody model should be capable of producing much larger values of trim lift and of normal acceleration than the trailing-edge-flap configuration. The flared-afterbody configuration had considerably higher drag than the cruciform-fin model but only slightly lower values of lift-drag ratio.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L58D24
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-X-67369
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: An investigation was performed in the Langley Unitary Plan wind tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a model of a 45 deg swept-wing fighter airplane, and to determine the loads on attached stores and detached missiles in the presence of the model. Also included was a determination of aileron-spoiler effectiveness, aileron hinge moments, and the effects of wing modifications on model aerodynamic characteristics. Tests were performed at Mach numbers of 1.57, 1.87, 2.16, and 2.53. The Reynolds numbers for the tests, based on the mean aerodynamic chord of the wing, varied from about 0.9 x 10(exp 6) to 5 x 10(exp 6). The results are presented with minimum analysis.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L58C17
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  • 20
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    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Results are presented from investigations of the aerodynamic heating rates of blunt nose shapes at Mach numbers up to 14. The wind-tunnel tests examined flat-faced cylinder stagnation-point heating rates over the Mach number range. The tests also examined heat transfer and angle of attack.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: L-316
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Canopy Model IV was tested in four different configuration series. Shroud lines were used in the first three series of tests; none were used in the fourth series. Other variables were Mach number (1.77, 2.17, 2.76), dynamic pressure (290, 250, 155 lb per sq ft), camera speed, and attitude.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: L-396
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Analysis is presented on the possible similarity solutions of the three-dimensional, laminar, incompressible, boundary-layer equations referred to orthogonal, curvilinear coordinate systems. Requirements of the existence of similarity solutions are obtained for the following: flow over developable surface and flow over non-developable surfaces with proportional mainstream velocity components.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TM-1437
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: A single-line correlation of both the heat-transfer and pressure- drop data for electrically heated unfinned tubes is obtained by evaluating the density in the Reynolds number, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and viscosity at the film temperature, and the density in the friction coefficient at the bulk temperature. The heat-transfer data for finned tubes also exhibit an effect of physical-property variation which is removed by evaluating all properties, including density, at the primary surface temperature, and using k* = 0.015 square root of T/530 for the thermal conductivity of air where T is the absolute temperature. The pressure drop for finned tubes is correlated by the use of bulk density in both the Reynolds number and friction coefficient. The data reported are for Reynolds numbers from 2000 to 35,000, surface temperatures from 600 to 1400 R, and an air inlet temperature of 530 R.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-9-58E , L-4880
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: An investigation was made to determine the lifting effectiveness and flow requirements of blowing over the trailing-edge flaps and ailerons on a large-scale model of a twin-engine, propeller-driven airplane having a high-aspect-ratio, thick, straight wing. With sufficient blowing jet momentum to prevent flow separation on the flap, the lift increment increased for flap deflections up to 80 deg (the maximum tested). This lift increment also increased with increasing propeller thrust coefficient. The blowing jet momentum coefficient required for attached flow on the flaps was not significantly affected by thrust coefficient, angle of attack, or blowing nozzle height.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-12-3-58A
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The low-speed aerodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of a proposed multijet water-based aircraft configuration for supersonic operation have been investigated. The design features include upward-rotating engines, body indentation, a single hydro-ski, and a wing with an aspect ratio of 3.0, a taper ratio of 0.143, 36.90 sweepback of the quarter-chord line, and NACA 65AO04 airfoil sections. For the aerodynamic investigation, with the flaps retracted, the model was longitudinally and directionally stable up to the stall. The all-movable horizontal tail was capable of trimming the model up to a lift coefficient of approximately 0.87. All flap configurations investigated had a tendency to become longitudinally unstable at stall. The effectiveness of the all-movable horizontal tail increased with increasing lift coefficient for all flap configurations investigated; however, with the large static margin of the configuration with the center of gravity at 0.25 mean aerodynamic chord, the all-movable horizontal tail was not powerful enough to trim all the various flapped configurations investigated throughout the angle-of-attack range. For the hydrodynamic investigation, longitudinal stability during take-offs and landings was satisfactory. Decreasing the area of the hydro-ski 60 percent increased the maximum resistance and emergence speed 40 and 70 percent, respectively. Without the jet exhaust, the resistance was reduced by simulating the vertical-lift component of the forward engines rotated upward. However, the jet exhaust of the forward engines increased the maximum resistance approximately 60 percent. The engine inlets and horizontal tail were free from spray for all loads investigated and for both hydro-ski sizes.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-13-58L
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: An investigation has been made of the effects of nose length, fuselage length, and nose fineness ratio on the static longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of an airplane model with a swept wing and low tail and of a second model with a highly tapered wing of moderate sweep and a T-tail. The tests were conducted in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 0.92. The nose and body cross sections were circular. For either the model with the swept wing and low tail or the model with the highly tapered wing of moderate sweep and the T-tail, the effects of forebody changes amounted primarily to rotations of the pitching-moment curves (changes in static margin) over the test ranges of angle of attack and Mach number. For the range of body shapes investigated the longitudinal stability at low lift is decreased by an increase in nose length or in fuselage length or by a reduction in nose fineness ratio when the fuselage length is held constant. In general, the stability for all model configurations showed substantially the same variation with changes in forebody area moment. The forebody changes did not alter the angle of attack at which an unstable break occurred in the moment contribution of the T-tail but did alter somewhat the magnitude of the instability.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-10-58L
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: Results of an investigation of a dynamic model in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel are presented. Erect spin and recovery characteristics were determined for a range of mass distributions and center-of-gravity positions. The effects of lateral displacement of the center of gravity, engine rotation, nose strakes, and increased rudder area were investigated.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-3-1-59L , AF-AM-42 , L-237
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: An investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of leading-edge flaps in reducing the drag at lifting conditions of a triangular wing of aspect ratio 2.0. The flaps, deflected to simulate conically cambered wings having a wide range of design lift coefficients, were tested over a Mach number range of 0.70 to 2.22 through an angle-of-attack variation from -6 deg to +18 deg at a constant Reynolds number of 3.68 million based on the wing mean aerodynamic chord. A symmetrical wing of the same plan form and aspect ratio was also tested to provide a basis for comparison. The experimental results showed that with the flaps in the undeflected position, a small amount of fixed leading-edge droop incorporated over the outboard 5 percent of the wing semispan was as effective at high subsonic speeds as conical camber in improving the maximum lift-drag ratio above that of the symmetrical wing. At supersonic speeds, the penalty in minimum drag above that of the symmetrical wing was less than that incurred by conical camber. Deflecting the leading-edge flaps about the hinge line through 80 percent of the wing semispan resulted in further improvements of the drag characteristics at lift coefficients above 0.20 throughout the Mach number range investigated. The lift and pitching-moment characteristics were not significantly affected by the leading-edge flaps.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-5-58A
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  • 29
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    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Some of the significant interference fields that may affect stability of aircraft at supersonic speeds are briefly summarized. Illustrations and calculations are presented to indicate the importance of interference fields created by wings, bodies, wing-body combinations, jets, and nacelles.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L55L14a
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-08-26
    Description: A comprehensive discussion of the various factors affecting the determination of stability and control derivatives from flight data is presented based on the experience of the NASA High-Speed Flight Station. Factors relating to test techniques, determination of mass characteristics, instrumentation, and methods of analysis are discussed. For most longitudinal-stability-derivative analyses simple equations utilizing period and damping have been found to be as satisfactory as more comprehensive methods. The graphical time-vector method has been the basis of lateral-derivative analysis, although simple approximate methods can be useful If applied with caution. Control effectiveness has been generally obtained by relating the peak acceleration to the rapid control input, and consideration must be given to aerodynamic contributions if reasonable accuracy is to be realized.. Because of the many factors involved In the determination of stability derivatives, It is believed that the primary stability and control derivatives are probably accurate to within 10 to 25 percent, depending upon the specific derivative. Static-stability derivatives at low angle of attack show the greatest accuracy.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: Flight Test Panel of the Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development Meeting; Oct 20, 1958 - Oct 25, 1958; Copenhagen; Denmark
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: A research model of an airplane with a configuration suitable for supersonic flight was tested at transonic speeds in order to establish the effects on longitudinal and lateral stability of certain changes in both wing sweep and height of the horizontal tail. Two wings of aspect ratio 3 and taper ratio 0.15, one having the quarter-chord line swept back 30 deg and the other 45 deg, were each tested with the horizontal tail of the model in a low and in a high position. One configuration was also tested with fuselage strakes. The tests were made at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 1.17 and Reynolds numbers from 1.9 x 10(exp 6) to 2.6 x 10(exp 6). The results indicated that a low horizontal-tail position (below the wing-chord plane) gave positive longitudinal stability for the model for all angles of attack used (angles of attack up to 24 deg); whereas, a higher tail position (above the wing-chord plane) resulted in a large reduction in stability at moderate angles of attack. With the higher horizontal tail, the 30 deg-swept-wing model had somewhat more stability than the 45 deg-swept-wing model at subsonic Mach numbers. With the lower tail, the 45 deg-swept-wing model had slightly more stability at all Mach numbers. The model with the 30 deg swept wing had greater directional stability with the tail in the higher rather than the lower position, but the opposite was true for the 45 deg-swept-wing model. The directional stability decreased sharply at high angles of attack; this characteristic was alleviated by the use of fuselage strakes which, however, proved to be detrimental to the longitudinal stability of the model tested.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-3-58L
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley full-scale tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics in sideslip of a large-scale 490 sweptback wing-body-tail configuration having wing leading- edge and flap-blowing boundary-layer control. The wing and tails had an aspect ratio of 3.5, a taper ratio of 0.3, and NACA 65AO06 airfoil sections parallel to the plane of symmetry. The tests were conducted over a range of angles of attack of about -5 deg to 28 deg for sideslip angles of 0 deg, -5.06 deg, -10.15 deg, and -15.18 deg. Lateral and longitudinal stability and control characteristics were obtained for6a minimized blowing rate. The Reynolds number of the tests was 5.2 x 10(exp 6), corresponding to a Mach number of 0.08. The results of the investigation showed that sideslip to angles of about -15 deg did not require, from a consideration of the longitudinal characteristics, blowing rates over the wing leading edge or flap greater than that established as minimum at zero sideslip. The optimum configuration was laterally and directionally stable through the complete lift-coefficient range including the stall; however, maximum lift for sideslip angles greater than about 50 was seriously limited by a deficiency of lateral control. Blowing over the leading edge of the retreating wing in sideslip at a rate greater than that established as minimum at zero sideslip was ineffective in improving the lateral control characteristics. The optimum configuration at zero sideslip had no hysteresis of the aerodynamic parameters upon recovery from stall.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NASA-MEMO-10-11-58L
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 251-263 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Verbindungen BaPbF6, SrPbF6 und CaPbF6 werden beschrieben. Als Ausgangssubstanzen wurde BaPbO3 (Perowskit-Typ) und SrPbO3 (noch nicht indiziert) benutzt. Die Fluorverbindungen sind farblos und gegen Wasser bzw. Luftfeuchtigkeit empfindlich; unter HF-Abgabe findet dabei Hydrolyse statt. BaPbF6 kristallisiert im BaGeF6-Typ mit a = 7,45 Å, c = 7,52 Å; c/a = 1,01. DEBYE-SCHERRER-Aufnahmen vom SrPbF6 lassen sich tetragonal indizieren mit a = 5,21 Å, c = 4,48 Å; c/a = 0,86. Wahrscheinlich liegt hier eine eindimensionale Vernetzung von PbF6-Oktaedern vor. Pulveraufnahmen des CaPbF6 lassen sich kubisch mit a = 8,476Å indizieren; die Intensitäterechnung zeigt, daß eine Überstruktur des ReO3-Typs mit gesetzmäßiger Verteilung von Ca2+- und Pb4+-Ionen vorliegt.
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 210-218 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Titration von CdSO4-Lösungen mit NaOH konnten die beiden basischen Sulfate CdSO4 · Cd(OH)2 und CdSO4 · 3 Cd(OH)2 nachgewiesen werden. Das Existenzgebiet von CdSO4 · Cd(OH)2 liegt zwischen Ph 6 und 8, das von CdSO4 · 3 Cd(OH)2 zwischen Ph 8 und 10. - Die beiden Hydroxydsulfate entstehen nicht durch direkte Fällung nach der Gleichung 2 CdSO4 + 2 NaOH=CdSO4 · Cd(OH)2 + Na2SO4, sondern in einer Sekundärreaktion aus dem primär gefällten Hydroxyd und überschüssigem Cadmiumsulfat: Cd(OH)2 + CdSO4 = CdSO4 · Cd(OH)2. Die basischen Salze zerfallen nach längerer Zeit wieder in der Lösung, aus der sie entstanden sind. Sie sind also instabile Übergangsglieder zwischen der Primärfällung und einem gealterten Hydroxyd oder höherbasischen Salzen. Die beiden basischen Sulfate und das Hydroxyd sind leicht ineinander umzuwandeln. Während kristalline Hydroxydpräparate bei 190° in braunes CdO übergehen, entwässern die beiden basischen Sulfate erst ab 280°. Das dabei entstehende braune Gemisch aus CdO und CdSO4 wird beim längeren Erhitzen auf 500° wieder weiß. Es bildet sich also offenbar eine Verbindung aus CdO und CdSO4. - Die beiden basischen Cadmiumselenate CdSeO4 · Cd(OH)2 und CdSO4 · 3 Cd(OH)2, die erstmalig dargestellt wurden, verhalten sich den basischen Sulfaten völlig analog.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 224-232 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die partielle Hydrolyse von POCl3 führt bei stöchiometrischen Verhältnissen zur Dichlorphosphorsäure. Diese Säure und einige ihrer Salze konnten rein dargestellt werden. Bei der weiteren Hydrolyse war die Monochlorphosphorsäure nicht zu fassen, da unter den gewählten Reaktionsbedingungen Kondensationsreaktionen zu Derivaten von Polyphosphorsäuren führten. Die Hydrolyse von PCl3 lieferte trotz Variation der Bedingungen phosphorige bzw. diphosphorige Säure als Hauptprodukte. Daneben tritt eine Disproportionierung in POCl3 und P4O ein. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 233-241 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird eine Übersicht über das Verhalten der genannten Goldhalogenide in verschiedenen organischen Lösungsmitteln gegeben. Im experimentellen Teil wird die Darstellung von Additionsverbindungen mit Vertretern verschiedener Gruppen sauerstoffhaltiger organischer Verbindungen beschrieben.
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 39
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 61-82 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Real oxydation potentials of the systems AsV/AsIII, SbV/SbIII, SnIV/SnII, TiIV/TiIII and CrVI/CrIII have been measured at a temperature of 20°C in dependence of the concentrations of various acids. In the case of several systems, the validity of the Nernst equation and the accelerating action of catalysts for adjusting the potentials have been investigated.
    Notes: Die realen Redoxpotentiale werden in AsV/AsIII-, SbV/SbIII-, SnIV/SnII-, TiIV/TiIII- und CrVI/CrIII-Lösungen in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration verschiedener Säuren bei 20°C gemessen. In mehreren Systemen wird die Gültigkeit der Nernstschen Gleichung und die beschleunigende Wirkung von Katalysatoren auf die Einstellungsgeschwindigkeit der Potentiale untersucht.
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  • 40
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 36-60 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In the presence of ZnFe2O4 or mixed crystals between these two spinels, the decomposition of H2O2 is an acceptor reaction catalyzed by octahedrally surrounded Fe2+ ions. With MgFe2O4 the catalytic interaction between octahodral Fe2+ ions and H2O2 is hindered by slow formation of hydrated Mg(OH)2 which also is promoting the decomposition of H2O2.The energies of activation and the specific electrical conductivities have been determined as functions of catalyst composition. All observations are in accordance with the concept of radical decomposition of H2O2.The self-decomposition of H2O2 is checked by the solid catalysts. The Abel theory of self-decomposition has been confirmed by determination of the energy of activation.
    Notes: An ZnFe2O4, Fe3O4 und ihren festen Lösungen die H2O2-Zersetzung als Akzeptorreaktion, katalysiert durch oktaedrische Fe2+-Ionen, die im ZnFe2O4 infolge der Fehlordnung, bei den übrigen Spinellen dieser Reihe schon im Idealgitter vorhanden sind. Die Oberfläche des MgFe2O4 verändert sich infolge langamer Reaktion mit Wasser und Auflösung des entstandenen Mg(OH)2, während die H2O2-Zersetzung heterogen durch (in erster Linie) oktaedrische und homogen durch gelöste Fe2+-Ionen katalysiert wird. Die allmählich gebildete Hydrathülle behindert die Wechselwirkung zwischen Gitterionen und H2O2, vermag aber selbst dessen Zersetzung zu beschleunigen. Wo das Spinellgitter katalysiert, zeigen Aktivierungsenergien und spezifische elektrische Widerstände als Funktionen der Katalysatorzusammensetzung den gleichen Gang.Folgerungen aus der Annahme, daß sich an die katalytische Spaltung der H2O2-Molekel Reaktion anschließen, in denen in Radikale OH und HO2 auftreten, sind im Einklang mit den Beobachtungen.Die festen Katalysatoren hemmen die Selbstzersetzung des H2O2. Die Messung der Aktivierungsenergie bestätigt den Abelschen Mechanismus der Selbstzersetzung.
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  • 41
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die Dissoziation der Malonato-Komplexe von Aluminium und Gallium in Lösung untersucht; die Dissoziationskonstante bei stufenweiser Dissoziation wurde gemessen. Die Stabilitäten dieser Komplexe sind mit denen der entsprechenden Oxalato-Komplexe vergleichbar.
    Notes: Dissociation of the malonato-complexes of aluminium and gallium have been studied and their successive instability constants measured. These compunds have been found to dissociate in successive stages in solutions and all the intermediate stages have been detected there. In stability they are quite comparable with the corresponding oxalato-complexes.
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 193-205 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Basic copper(II) silicate, [OCuOH]6, is a typical twodimensional (lepidoic) compound built up by twodimensional crystals loosely lying one upon another. It has been prepared by reaction of tetrammincopper(II) solutions with net-like silicic acid, H2Si2O5 or (OH)6. On heating up to temperatures from 300 to 400°C, the green copper salt undergoes reversible lose of water forming a brown compound, · Further heating to about 600°C causes exothermic conversion to a more stable arrangement of the ions.
    Notes: Als Grundlage für die Chemie zweidimensionaler (lepidoider) Verbindungen synthetisierten wir ein basisches Kupfersilicat (OCuOH)6. Es entsteht durch Einwirkung von Tetramminkupferlösungen auf die Netzkieselsäure H2Si2O5 bzw. (OH)6. Die Kieselsäure wie auch das basische Kupfersilicat sind in gleicher Weise aus lose übereinanderliegenden zweidimensionalen Kristallen aufgebaut. Das grüne Silicat verliert beim Erhitzen auf 300-400°C 1 Molekel Wasser und bildet dabei die wasserfreie, braune Verbindung · Die Wasserabgabe ist reversibel. Schon an feuchter Luft bildet sich die grüne Verbindung zurück. Erhitzen auf etwa 600°C bewirkt unter Aufglühen Umwandlung in eine stabilere Anordnung der Bausteine.
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  • 43
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 173-184 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On electrolysis of AgCN solved in pyridine, the CN-radicals being formed at unattackable platinum or tantalum anodes are stabilized to paracyanogen or (CN)2. Electrochemical cyanogenation of organic compounds has not been achieved.On application of an anode made of antimony, dissolution of the metal occurs to about 100%. By evaporation of the pyridine solution Sb(CN)3 has been firstly prepared as colourless, hygroscopic crystals which easily decompose at elevated temperatures. Similar observations have been made with a bismuth anode. At an anode made of arsenic, the CN-radicals are partially stabilized to paracyanogen.
    Notes: Bei Elektrolysen von AgCN-Lösungen in Pyridin an unangreifbaren Platin- oder Tantal-Anoden erfolgt primär die Entladung der Cyanidionen. Ein Teil der CN-Radikale stabilisiert sich zu Dicyan, der größere Teil der Radikale polymerisiert zu Paracyan.Eine elektrochemische Cyanierung konnte durch Abfangen der CN-Radikale mittels ungesättigter oder leicht substituierbarer organischer Verbindungen nicht erzielt werden. Ursache hierfür ist die ungewöhnlich hohe Resonanzenergie der Dicyanmolekel.Bei der Elektrolyse von AgCN an einer angreifbaren Antimon-Anode erfolgt eine anodische Auflösung von 100,5-101,0%. Aus der Pyridin-Lösung konnte Sb(CN)3 erstmalig in Form weißer, äußerst feuchtigkeitsempfindlicher und thermisch leicht zersetzlicher Kristalle gewonnen werden. Ähnliche Verhältnisse während der Elektrolyse werden auch bei Verwendung einer Wismut-Anode beobachtet. Eine Arsen-Anode wird nur teilweise von den entladenen Cyanid-Ionen angegriffen, während sich ein Teil der Radikale zu Paracyan vereinigt.
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  • 44
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Two new indates, LiInO2 and NaInO2, have been prepared. The colourless compounds are hydrolyzed by water. LiInO2 crystallizes like α-LiFeO2 in the tetragonal system with a = 4.307 and c = 9.329 kX. NaInO2 is isotype with α-NaFeO2; the lattice constants are ahex = 3.229 and chex = 16.32 kX.
    Notes: Darstellung und Eigenschaften der bislang unbekannten Verbindungen LiInO2 und NaInO2 werden mitgeteilt. Beide sind farblos; mit Wasser tritt Hydrolyse ein. LiInO2 kristallisiert wie α-LiFeO2 tetragonal mit a = 4,307 kX, c = 9,329 kX. NaInO2 ist dem α-NaFeO2 isotyp; die Gitterkonstanten sind ahex = 3,229 kX, chex = 16,32 kX.
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  • 45
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 316-326 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The unknown phosphor-fluoronitrides, (NPF2)3 and (NPF2)4, were prepared by reaction of potassium fluorosulfinate, KSO2F, with trimeric and tetrameric phosphorchloronitride, respectively. Physical and chemical properties of the new compounds are investigated.The chemical behaviour of (NPF2)4 differs not much from that of (NPCl2)4. Trimeric fluoronitride reacts more slowly than (NPCl2)3. On hydrolysis, (NPF2)4 yields the same hydroxy-compound, N4P4(OH)8 · 2 H2O, resulting by hydrolysis of (NPCl2)4. Heating of (NPF2)3 to 350° C in a closed tube for 15 hours gives a high-polymeric form of phosphorfluoronitride which resembles the rubber-like polymer of phosphor-chloronitride.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von trimerem und tetramerem Phosphornitrilchlorid mit Kaliumfluorsulfinat wurden die bisher unbekannten Phosphornitrilfluoride (NPF2)3 und (NPF2)4 dargestellt.Die Substanzformel der Verbindungen wurde durch Analyse, die Molekulargröße durch Dampfdichtemessung und Ermittlung der Gefrierpunktserniedrigung in Benzol bestimmt. Aus den Dampfdruckkurven der Stoffe konnten ihre Tripel- und Kochpunkte ermittelt und die Schmelz-, Verdampfungs- und Sublimationswärmen errechnet werden. Dichtebestimmungen nach der Schwebemethode ergaben, daß die Phosphornitrilfluoride infolge ihres kleineren Molvolumens eine größere Dichte besitzen als die Chloride. Das Trimere kristallisiert rhombisch, das Tetramere monoklin. Im UV absorbieren die Phosphornitrilfluoride zum Unterschied von den Chloriden bis zur kurzwelligen Grenze von 200 mμ nicht.Hinsichtlich des chemischen Verhaltens unterscheidet sich (NPF2)4 nicht erheblich von (NPCl2)4. Das trimere Fluorid reagiert viel träger als das trimere Chlorid. Die Hydrolyse von (NPF2)4 ergibt die gleiche Tetraphosphornitrilsäure N4P4(OH)8 · 2H2O wie die Hydrolyse von (NPCl2)4. Bei längerem Erhitzen auf 350° C im geschlossenen Gefäß wird (NPF2)3 in ein hochpolymeres Phosphornitrilfluorid umgewandelt, dessen Eigenschaften denen des „Phosphornitrilchlorid-Kautschuks“ ähneln.
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  • 46
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 23-31 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A method for measuring the vapor pressure of thermally decompositing substances is described. For the thermal decomposition of hexamethylenetetramine the two systems of reaction „vapor/crystal“ and „unsaturated vapor“ can be defined. The different characteristics of both systems are discussed. The influence of traces of impurities on the decomposition of hexamethylenetetramine is investigated. A description of the experimental methods is given.
    Notes: Es wird eine Methode zur Messung von Dampfdrucken thermisch zersetzender Substanzen angegeben. Für den thermischen Zerfall des Urotropins werden die beiden Reaktionssysteme „Dampf/Kristall“ und „ungesättigter Dampf“ definiert und die unterschiedlichen Charakteristiken beider Systeme diskutiert. Die Spurenkatalyse bei der Zersetzung von Urotropin wird untersucht und die Experimentaltechnik der Zerfallsuntersuchungen beschrieben.
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  • 47
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 14-22 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A new method for the preparation of germanium hydrides is described in which magnesium germanide is decomposed with HCl in hydrazine as reaction medium.The conditions for a high yield of germanium hydrides have been ascertained. After that magnesium germanide is added to a solution of hydrazine-dichloride in anhydrous hydrazine at 60-70°C. The decomposition of the germanide takes place at an excess of acid of 120% - related to the stoichiometric amount required - the concentration of the HCl in the hydrazine being 3 Mol/l. The yield of the germanium hydrides lies between 70 and 80%, the raw gas consists mainly of monogermane with 2-3% of digermane. Thus, the raw germane obtained by us is similar with respect to yield and composition to the mixture of germanium hydrides obtained by Kraus and Carney in the ammonia system. By means of the decomposition of magnesium germanide in anhydrous hydrazine it has been proved that the reactions leading to the formation of germanium hydrides are different in an aqueous and a non-aqueous medium.
    Notes: Es wird eine neue Methode zur Darstellung von Germaniumwasserstoffen beschrieben, nach der Magnesiumgermanid mit HCl in Hydrazin als Reaktionsmedium zersetzt wird.Die Bedingungen für eine möglichst hohe Germaniumwasserstoffausbeute wurden ermittelt: Danach trägt man Magnesiumgermanid bei 60-70°C in eine Lösung von Hydraziniumdichlorid in völlig wasserfreiem Hydrazin ein. Die Zersetzung des Germanides erfolgt mit einem Säureüberschuß von 120% - bezogen auf die stöchiometrisch notwendige Menge - bei einer Konzentration der HCl im Hydrazin von 3 Mol/l. Die Germaniumwasserstoffausbeute liegt zwischen 70 und 80%, wobei das Rohgas neben 2 bis 3% Digerman nur aus Monogerman besteht. Das so gewonnene Rohgerman gleicht damit in Ausbeute und Zusammensetzung dem von KRAUS und CARNEY im Ammonosystem erhaltenen Germaniumhydrid-Gemisch.An Hand der Zersetzung von Magnesiumgermanid in wasserfreiem Hydrazin wird gezeigt, daß der Germaniumwasserstoffbildung im wäßrigen und nichtwäßrigen Medium unterschiedliche Reaktionsabläufe zugrunde liegen müssen.
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  • 48
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aus Untersuchungen der Leitfähigkeit, der Gefrierpunktserniedrigung und des pH-Wertes wird in den Systemen CdBr2—KBr—H2O und CdJ2—KJ—H2O auf die Existenz der Komplexverbindungen K2[CdBr4] und K2[CdJ4] geschlossen.Die negativen Werte der Überführungszahl des Cadmiumions und die Abweichungen der Leitfähigkeit von der Additivität, die im System CdJ2—KJ—H2O beobachtet werden, zeigen, daß der Komplex K2[CdJ4] recht stabil ist.
    Notes: Studies of conductivity, freezing point depression and pH indicate the existence of the complex compounds K2[CdBr4] and K2[CdI4] in the systems: CdBr2—KBr—H2O and CdI2—KI—H2O respectively.Negative values of transference number of cadmium ion and the marked deviations of conductance from the additivity observed in the system: CdI2—KI—H2O, show that the complex K2[CdI4] indicated by the physico-chemical properties is quite stable.
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  • 49
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch pH-Mesungen nach der Methode von Bjerrum wird die Zusammensetzung der farbigen Eisen(III)-Komplexe mit Salicylhydroxamsäure in Lösung untersucht. Es bilden sich zwei Komplexe, FeR+ und FeR2H, ersterer ergibt violette, letzterer weinrote Lösungen. Die Instabilitätskonstante des Komplexes FeR2H wurde zu 2,38 · 10-29 bestimmt.
    Notes: The compositions of the colored complexes of iron(III) formed in solution with salicylhydroxamic acid were studied by the pH-measurement method following the treatment of Bjerrum. Iron(III) was found to give rise to two compounds, FeR+ and FeR2H. The former imparted violet color to the solution and the latter wine-red color. The instability constant of the complex FeR2H has been determined and found to be 2.38·10-29, where RH2 denotes one molecule of the hydroxamic acid.
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  • 50
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 213-225 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The system MnSiO3—MnCa(SiO3)2 is examined by thermal and X-ray methods. Three different crystalline forms are identified in the range between 0 and about 20 mole per cent CaSiO3 and their mutual stability relations are determined. They have rhodonite, bustamite and pseudowollastonite-like structures. Only the bustamite and pseudowollastonite-like structures are found in samples with more than about 20 mole per cent CaSiO3. Contradictions between the complete series of solid solutions of synthetic MnSiO3 and CaSiO3 indicated by Voos and the miscibility gap between natural rhodonite and bustamite described by Sundius are explained.
    Notes: Mit thermischen und röntgenographischen Methoden wird das System MnSiO3—MnCa(SiO3)2 untersucht. Im Bereich von 0 bis etwa 20 Mol-% CaSiO3 werden drei verschiedene Modifikationen mit Rhodonit-, Bustamit- und pseudowollastonitähnlicher Struktur identifiziert und ihre gegenseitigen Stabilitätsbeziehungen festgestellt. Auf der Ca-reicheren Seite des Systems werden nur die dem Bustamit und Pseudowollastonit analogen Modifikationen gefunden. Es werden die Widersprüche zwischen der von Voos angegebenen vollkommenen Mischbarkeit von synthetischem MnSiO3 und CaSiO3 einerseits und der von Sundius festgestellten Mischungslücke zwischen natürlichem Rhodonit und Bustamit andererseits geklärt.
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  • 51
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 106-116 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The lattice constants of rhombic triargentoiodine nitrate, [Ag3J](NO3)2, are a = 16.0 ± 0.2, b = 24.5 ± 0.2, and c = 7.4 ± 0.1 Å. With a density of 5.04 g/c.c. the unit cell contains 16 molecules (space group Cmm2 or Cmmm).On reaction with water, single crystals of [Ag3J](NO3)2 undergo topochemical conversion into pseudomorphic single crystals of β-AgJ, the c-axis of which lies in the same direction as that of [Ag3J](NO3)2.The lattice of [Ag3J](NO3)2 is probabely built up by chains of tetrahedrons. The reactions of solid triargentoiodine nitrate with solutions of NaOH, HCl, HJ, and NaHCO3 are described.
    Notes: Triargentojodnitrat, [Ag3J](NO3)2, bildet ein rhombisches Gitter mit den Gitterkonstanten a = 16,0 ± 0,2 Å, b = 24,5 ± 0,2 Å, c = 7,4 ± 0,1 Å. Die Dichte beträgt 5,04 g/cm3; die Elementarzelle enthält 16 Molekeln (Raumgruppe Cmm2 oder Cmmm).Mit Wasser setzt sich festes Triargentojodnitrat zu festem Silberjodid um. Einkristalle von einem bis mehreren Millimetern Größe behalten bei dieser Umsetzung ihre äußere Form bei. Die Silberjodidpseudomorphose besteht aus einem lockeren Netzwerk von etwa 200 bis 800 Å großen Silberjodidkriställchen. Die c-Achse dieser Kriställchen zeigt in Richtung der rhombischen c-Achse der Triargentojodnitrat-Einkristalle, aus denen sie hervorgegangen sind.Auf Grund der Umsetzung mit Wasser und der Identität der Gitterkonstanten in Richtung der c-Achse im β-AgJ und im [Ag3J](NO3)2 wird eine mögliche Struktur des Triargentojodnitrats diskutiert. Als Strukturelemente kommen Tetraederketten in Frage.Weitere Umsetzungen des festen Triargentojodnitrats mit Lösungen werden beschrieben; bei diesen Umsetzungen tritt der Einfluß der Größe der auszutauschenden Ionen hervor.
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  • 52
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 53
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 156-172 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The electrolysis of AgCN solved in liquid ammonia has been studied. In the case of silver anodes, the silver is completely dissolved by reaction with CN-radicals being formed during the electrolysis. On application of indifferent anodes made of platinum or graphite and in a temperature range from -79 to -34°C, the cyanide ions are primarily discharged, too. In a secondary reaction nitrogen and NH4CN are formed in addition to small amounts of (CN)2 which reacts with NH3 yielding 2,3,5,6-tetraimino piperazine.
    Notes: 1Elektrolyse an angreifbaren Silber-Anoden: Bei der Elektrolyse von AgCN in flüssigem NH3 erfährt das Silber durch den Angriff der CN-Radikale eine 100proz. anodische Auflösung. Eine Entladung der von der Eigendissoziation des Lösungsmittels herrührenden Amidionen erfolgt nicht.2Wird die Elektrolyse an unangreifbaren Platin- oder Graphitanoden durchgeführt, so werden in dem untersuchten Temperaturbereich von -79 bis -34° an der Anode ebenfalls primär die Cyanidionen entladen. Durch die entstandenen Cyanradikale erfolgt in einer Sekundärreaktion vorwiegend die Oxydation des Ammoniaks unter Bildung von Stickstoff und NH4CN. Ein kleiner Teil der Radikale stabilisiert sich zu Dicyan. Dieses lagert in einer Folgereaktion Ammoniak an, wobei über das Oxalsäurediamidin die Verbindungen entstehen, welche eine Gelbfärbung der Elektrolytlösung hervorrufen und deren Endprodukt ein dunkelroter Abdampfrückstand ist. Eine Disproportionierung des Dicyans findet nicht statt. Analogiereaktionen von (CN)2 mit flüssigem NH3 bestätigen diese Beobachtungen. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß sich über das Oxalsäurediamidin bei Temperaturerhöhung 2,3,5,6-Tetraimino-piperazin als dunkelrotes Endprodukt bildet.
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  • 54
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 55
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 262-267 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The molar heat of gaseous H2S2 at room temperature has been determined by calorimetric measurements: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm C}_{\rm p}^{{\rm 25}} = 12.29 \pm 0.12({\rm cal}{\rm ./mole}/^ \circ {\rm C}). $$\end{document} Comparison of this value with the molar heat calculated statistically without regard of inner rotation around the S—S-axis allows to estimate the mean height of the potential barrier of the hindered inner rotation: V0 = 2.7 kcals./mole.
    Notes: Die Molwärme des gasförmigen H2S2 wurde calorimetrisch bei Zimmertemperatur zu \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm C}_{\rm p}^{{\rm 25}} = 12,29 \pm 0,12({\rm cal} \cdot {\rm Mol}^{{\rm - 1}} \cdot {\rm Grad}^{{\rm - 1}}) $$\end{document} bestimmt.Durch Vergleich dieser Größe mit der inzwischen von uns statistisch ohne den Anteil der Inneren Rotation berechneten Molwärme läßt sich die mittlere Höhe der die Innere Rotation um die S—S-Bindung behindernden Potentialschwellen näherungsweise zu V0 = 2,7 kcal · Mol-1 ermitteln.
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  • 56
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 309-315 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vapor pressures of zink sulfide and cadmium sulfide have been determined by the entrainment method in the temperature range 1150-1310° and 950-1175° C, respectively. From the curves obtained thermodynamic data of sublimation are calculated which are compared with the results of others.
    Notes: Die Sublimationsdrucke von Zinksulfid werden zwischen 1150° und 1310° C, von Cadmiumsulfid zwischen 950° und 1175° C nach der Mitführungsmethode gemessen. Aus den Dampfdruckkurven werden die thermodynamischen Daten der Sublimation berechnet und mit den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren verglichen.
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  • 57
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Improved or new methods of preparation of the chlorides and oxychlorides of vanadium, of NbCl5, TaCl5, NbCl5 · SCl4, and TaCl5 · SCl4 are described.
    Notes: Es werden besonders geeignete Methoden zur Darstellung der Vanadinchloride und Oxychloride sowie der Pentachloride des Niobs und Tantals und deren Additionsverbindungen mit Schwefeltetrachlorid beschrieben.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Luminescent systems have been prepared in a thin coating on metals, called „two-dimensional“, produced of an inorganic base and activated by organic compounds. Their qualities have been studied and described.
    Notes: Es wurden Organo-Phosphore in dünner Schicht (sog. „zweidimensionale“ Phosphore) in der Weise auf einer metallischen Unterlage erzeugt, daß das Metall durch rein chemische bzw. elektrochemische Umsetzungen mit einer zusammenhängenden Oxyd(Hydroxyd)-Schicht überzogen wurde, die ihrerseits als Grundmaterial für luminescenzfähige Systeme nach Aktivierung durch geeignete organische Verbindungen wirksam ist. Hierzu eigneten sich besonders auf Aluminium anodisch erzeugte Schichten, ferner ließen sich auf Magnesium und Zink ebenfalls luminescenzfähige Systeme erhalten. Die Bedingungen zur Darstellung dieser „zweidimensionalen“ Phosphore wurden untersucht und einige ihrer Eigenschaften ermittelt.
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  • 59
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 46-62 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Barium silicate hydrates of various compositions and their hydrothermal products have been made and studied. Nine compounds have been found (see „Inhaltsübersicht“).The compounds quoted under Nos. 2-9 are crystallized and characterized by their X-ray diagrams. The BaO · 2 SiO2 · 3 H2O (No. 1) is not crystallized, but is marked by its constant BaO:SiO2-ratio.Barium silicate hydrates with 〉 1 BaO/SiO2 could not be obtained.
    Notes: Bei der Untersuchung von Bariumsilicathydraten verschiedener Zusammensetzung und ihren Hydrothermalprodukten wurden folgende Verbindungen erhalten:1BaO · 2 SiO2 · 3 H2O,2BaO · 2 SiO2 · 0,5 H2O,3BaSi2O5,42 BaO · 3 SiO2,5BaO · SiO2 · 6 H2O,6BaO · SiO2 · 1-1,3 H2O I,7BaO · SiO2 · 1-1,3 H2O II,8BaSiO3 (Tieftemperaturform) ist das Bariumtrimetasilicat Ba3Si3O9 und ist isotyp dem α-CaSiO3 = Pseudowollastonit.9BaSiO3 (Hochtemperaturform).Die Verbindungen unter Ziffer 2-9 sind kristallisiert und durch ihre Röntgendiagramme charakterisiert. Das BaO · 2 SiO2 · 3 H2O (Nr. 1) ist amorph; es zeichnet sich durch die Konstanz seines BaO:SiO2-Verhältnisses vor anders zusammengesetzten amorphen Bariumsilicathydraten aus.Bariumsilicathydrate mit 〉 1 BaO/SiO2 wurden nicht gefunden.
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  • 60
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 73-90 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Solutions of silver permanganate are easily decoloriezed at room temperature by elementary silver. The silver is covered topochemically by a black crystalline reaction product the composition of which has a range from Ag1.9MnO4 to Ag4.8MnO4. The cover is believed to be built up by Ag2MnO4, Ag3MnO4, Ag4MnO4 and, perhaps, by Ag5MnO4.
    Notes: Gediegenes Silber, z. B. Silberblech, entzieht Silberpermanganatlösungen schon bei Raumtemperatur in ziemlich rascher Reaktion das gelöste AgMnO4 bis zur völligen Entfärbung. Das schwarze und kristallinische erscheinende Reaktionsprodukt, das das Silber in einigermaßen festhaftender Schicht bedeckt, besitzt eine wechselnde Zusammensetzung gemäß der Formel AgxMnO4, wobei x zwischen den Grenzen 1,9 und 4,8 schwankt, meist aber sich um Werte wie 2,33 und 2,5 bewegt. Es war nicht möglich, reproduzierbar stöchiometrisch definierte Verbindungen zu erhalten, auch nicht bei Variation der Versuchsbedingungen, wozu verschiedene Vorbehandlung des Silbers, Einsatz von Gold-Silberlegierungen, Neutralsalzzusätze, Anwendung verschiedener AgMnO4-Konzentrationen und Ag-Oberflächen gehörten.Beeinflußt wurde hierdurch zum Teil die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, und bei niedrigerer Konzentration des AgMnO4 wurden deutlich silberreichere Umsetzungsprodukte bevorzugt, was mit der Beschaffenheit der primären Adsorptionsschichten in Zusammenhang stehen dürfte. Das Verhalten der Reaktionsprodukte zu Säuren und Basen deutet darauf hin, daß Ag2MnO4 bzw. Ag3MnO4 neben Ag4MnO4 und eventuell Ag5MnO4 zu den Bestandteilen gehören könnten, doch scheinen Disproportionierungsvorgänge und gegebenenfalls auch die Ausbildung fester Lösungen die Verhältnisse während der ausgesprochen topochemischen Reaktion zu komplizieren und die Ursachen metamorpher Phänomene zu bilden.
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  • 61
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 104-116 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Numeric relations between the heats of formation of various oxocompounds have been derived by means of simple model conceptions. Comparison with heats of formation experimentally determined shows, that this relations are strictly correct for salts of cations with noble gas configuration. The new relations can be used to calculate the enthalpies of formation of still unknown compounds such as Si(NO3)4 or Si(SO4)2.
    Notes: Durch einfache Modellvorstellungen wurden Beziehungen zwischen Bildungswärmen ternärer Oxoverbindungen abgeleitet, die an experimentell bestimmten Bildungswärmen bestätigt werden konnten.Soweit die Kationen dieser Salze Edelgaselektronenkonfiguration besitzen, gelten diese Beziehungen mit großer numerischer Genauigkeit; in anderen Fällen sind einzelne, merkliche Abweichungen vorhanden.In beiden Fällen, vornehmlich jedoch im erstgenannten, können so Bildungsenthalpien (auch für noch unbekannte Verbindungen) berechnet werden. Als Beispiel wurde die Reihe Si(ClO4)4, Si(NO3)4, Si(SO4)2 angeführt.
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  • 62
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 134-153 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The state of arsenious acid in aqueous solution in the range of pH from 2 to 14 has been investigated by physicochemical measurements. There is an equilibrium between monomeric HAsO2 and small amounts of H3AsO3, unaffected by the type of arsenic(III) oxyde or arsenite having been dissolved. Certain anomalies of ultraviolet absorption spectra indicate the existence of several forms of HAsO2.
    Notes: An Hand von UV-Absorptionsspektren, Mol.-Gew.-Bestimmungen durch Diffusion und Salzkryoskopie im System Eis-KNO3, potentiometrischen und konduktometrischen Titrationen sowie von papierchromatographischen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, daß die arsenige Säure in wäßrigen Lösungen im pH-Bereich 2-14 unabhängig von der zu ihrer Herstellung verwendeten As2O3-Modifikation praktisch ausschließlich monomer als HAsO2 im Gleichgewicht mit H3AsO3 vorliegt. Auch Salze, die sich auf Grund ihrer stöchiometrischen Zusammensetzung im festen Zustand von aggregierten arsenigen Säuren ableiten könnten, bilden in Lösung ausschließlich die Anionen der monomeren Säuren. Gewisse Anomalien der UV-Absorptionsspektren deuten auf die Existenz verschiedener isomerer Formen der monomeren freien Säure hin, deren Bildung anscheinend eine Funktion der Auflösungstemperatur sowie der Oberflächenstruktur des As2O3 ist.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The enthalpy of solution of aluminium phosphate precipitated from aqueous solution and solved in 10% hydrofluoric acid has been determined calorimetrically to be -32.5 kcal/mol; in the same solvent, the enthalpies of solution and dilution of aluminum and phosphoric acid, respectively, have been determined, too.The enthalpy of formation of aluminum phosphate according to \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Al}_{{\rm solid}} \, + \,{\rm P}_{{\rm solid}} \, + \,2\,{\rm O}_{{\rm 2gas}{\rm .}} \, = \,{\rm AlPO}_{{\rm 4solid}} $$\end{document} has been calculated to be \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \Delta {\rm H}\,{\rm = - 412}{\rm .1}\,{\rm kcal/mol} $$\end{document}.
    Notes: Durch Lösungscalorimetrie eines aus wäßriger Lösung gefällten Aluminiumphosphates mit 10proz. Flußsäure wurde die Lösungsenthalpie des Aluminiumphosphates zu -32,5 kcal/Mol bestimmt; es wurden ferner in dem gleichen Lösungsmittel die Lösungs-bzw. Verdünnungsenthalpie des Aluminiums und der Phosphorsäure bestimmt.Die Bildungsenthalpie des Aluminiumphosphates wurde berechnet zu: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Al}_{{\rm f}{\rm .}} \, + \,{\rm P}_{{\rm f}{\rm .}} \, + \,2\,{\rm O}_{{\rm 2g}} \, = \,{\rm AlPO}_{{\rm 4f}{\rm .}};\,\,\,\Delta {\rm H}\,{\rm = - 412,1\, kcal/Mol} $$\end{document}.
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  • 64
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 188-198 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Different systems AsCl3/MClx/Cl2 were tested for formation of compounds [AsCl4]n [MClx + n] by measuring the electrical conductivity. Compounds are formed in case of MClx = TaCl5, FeCl3, AuCl3, AlCl3, GaCl3 besides the known cases MClx = PCl5, SbCl5. [AsCl4][AlCl4] and [AsCl4][GaCl4] were isolated in solid state. Results are discussed with regard to the instability of AsCl5.
    Notes: Es wurden verschiedene Systeme AsCl3/MClx/Cl2 mit Hilfe von Leitfähigkeitsmessungen auf die Bildung von Verbindungen des Typs [AsCl4]n[MClx + n] untersucht. Verbindungsbildung tritt ein, außer den bekannten Fällen MClx = PCl5, SbCl5, bei MClx = TaCl5, FeCl3, AuCl3, AlCl3, GaCl3. Die Verbindungen [AsCl4][AlCl4] und [AsCl4][GaCl4] wurden isoliert. Die Ergebnisse werden in bezug auf die Unbeständigkeit des Arsen(V)-chlorids besprochen.
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  • 65
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The decomposition of formic acid was studied on Ni—Fe-catalysts in the form of powders and of sheets. The dimension of the surface and the type of crystal lattice influenced the catalytic efficiency. The reaction on rolled sheets had a higher activation energy.
    Notes: Nach der statischen Methode wurde die Zersetzung von Ameisensäuredampf an pulverförmigen und kompakten Nickel- und Nickel-Eisen-Katalysatoren untersucht. Die Reaktionsordnung wurde bestimmt, die Aktivitäten gemessen und die Aktivierungsenergien berechnet.Die pulverförmigen Katalysatoren zeigten bei 60% Nickel ein Aktivitätsmaximum. Die Messungen an kompakten Legierungen bewiesen, daß das Aktivitätsmaximum bei den Pulvern durch die Vergrößerung der Oberfläche verursacht wurde. Bei den kompakten Katalysatoren blieb die Wirksamkeit des Nickels auch in den Legierungen mit Eisen annähernd erhalten, nur das reine Eisen war erheblich inaktiver. Dies ist sehr wahrscheinlich durch den Übergang vom kubisch-flächenzentrierten zum kubisch-raumzentrierten Gitter verursacht. Durch Walzen wurde die Aktivierungsenergie der Reaktion an den kompakten Katalysatoren erhöht, dabei stieg die Aktivität des Nickels, die des Eisens sank etwas. Mögliche Ursachen werden diskutiert.Die spezifische Aktivität der Pulver unterschied sich nur wenig von der der kompakten Katalysatoren.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 287-304 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The variable reducing power of phosphorous acid and phosphites against silver ions has been reinvestigated in regard to a possible tautomeric form of phosphorous acid according to P(OH)3. Neither „active“ nor „inactive“ barium phosphite exhibits such tautomerism, the H+-ion catalyzed reduction power of H3PO3 and the exchange of hydrogen of the P—H-bond by deuterium, both in strong acid, point out, however, that there is an equilibrium between the normal form of phosphorous acid, H2[HPO3], and small amounts of the tautomeric one, P(OH)3.
    Notes: Das unterschiedliche Reduktionsvermögen der sogenannten „aktiven“ und „inaktiven“ Phosphite gegenüber Silberionen beruht nicht auf Konstitutionsverschiedenheit, sondern ist ein pH-Effekt und im festen Zustand eine Funktion der Oberfläche des Ag2HPO3. Für die Fällung des „inaktiven“ Bariumphosphits ist der beim Erwärmen verlaufende Vorgang maßgeblich.Die Reduktionsgeschwindigkeit von H3PO3 wird in stark saurer Lösung von Wasserstoffionen katalysiert. Die Reduktion vollzieht sich dabei höchstwahrscheinlich über die tautomere Form . Die Einstellung des Gleichgewichts zwischen den beiden tautomeren Formen der H3PO3 unterliegt ebenfalls einer H+-Ionenkatalyse. RAMAN-Aufnahmen zeigen, daß der P—H-Wasserstoff nur in saurer Lösung gegen Deuterium ausgetauscht wird und auch dieser Vorgang durch H+-Ionen katalysiert wird. Höchstwahrscheinlich liegen auch bei der H3PO3 die beiden tautomeren Formen vor, jedoch in äußerst geringer Konzentration.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 44-47 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On hydrolyzing di-p-chlorophenyldichlorosilane, condensation products of low molecular weights have been found in addition to di-p-chlorophenylsilanediol primarily formed.
    Notes: Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen des Hydrolyseverhaltens von Di-p-chlorphenyldichlorsilan wurden neben dem primär entstehenden Di-p-chlorphenylsilandiol auch folgende niedermolekularen Kondensationsprodukte festgestellt und ihre Entstehungsbedingungen näher betrachtet:
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 32-43 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The condensation reactions of organosilanediols mentioned in “Inhaltsübersicht” have been investigated by physicochemical measurements. The observed differences of condensation behaviors are discussed on the basis of bond theory.
    Notes: Es wurden folgende Organosilandiole dargestellt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Di\ddot{a}thylsilandiol}} &\,\qquad\qquad {({\rm C}_{\rm 2} {\rm H}_{\rm 5})_2 {\rm Si(OH)}_{\rm 2}} \\\end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Dibenzylsilandiol}} &\,\,\,\qquad\quad {({\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} {-} {\rm CH}_{\rm 2})_2 {\rm Si(OH)}_{\rm 2}} \\\end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Diphenylsilandiol}} &\,\,\qquad\quad {({\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5})_2 {\rm Si(OH)}_{\rm 2}} \\\end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Di \hbox{-} p \hbox{-} chlorphenylsilandiol}} & {({\rm ClC}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 4})_2 {\rm Si(OH)}_{\rm 2}} \\\end{array} \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {{\rm Di \hbox{-} p \hbox{-} bromphenylsilandiol}} & {({\rm BrC}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 4})_2 {\rm Si(OH)}_{\rm 2}} \\\end{array} \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} und jeweils bei 180° kondensiert. An Hand von laufenden Untersuchungen des Gewichtsverlustes, des Molekulargewichtes, des OH-Gruppen-Gehaltes und der Viskosität wurden Unterschiede im Kondensationsverhalten festgestellt und bindungstheoretisch diskutiert.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 48-58 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: In addition to various modes of formation of AlOCl recently described, crystalline AlOCl has been prepared by reaction of gaseous Al2Cl6 with Bi2O3, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, ZnO, γ-AlOOH, or SO2.Hydrothermal decomposition of AlOCl at 300° C yields boehmit, γ-AlOOH.The enthalpy of formation of AlOCl has been determined calorimetrically, ΔH298 = -190.0 kcal/mole. This value is in agreement with other reactions of AlOCl.
    Notes: Als neue Bildungsweisen für AlOCl werden die Umsetzungen von Al2Cl6, g mit Bi2O3, Sb2O3, Sb2O5, ZnO, γ-AlOOH und SO2 beschrieben.Die Hydrolyse von AlOCl bei 300° und höheren Wasserdampfdrucken liefert Böhmit.Die Bildungsenthalpie des AlOCl wurde durch Lösungscalorimetrie zu ΔH(298) = -190,0 kcal gemessen. Hiermit und mit einer geschätzten Normalentropie für AlOCl lassen sich die bisher beobachteten Bildungs- und Reaktionsweisen des AlOCl in Übereinstimmung mit den Experimenten berechnen.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 330-333 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der isobaren Entwässerung von BaCl2 · 2 H2O trat bei einigen Präparaten neben dem Monohydrat auch ein Halbhydrat auf; bei anderen Präparaten ging das Monohydrat direkt in das wasserfreie Salz über.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 1-5 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 6-6 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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  • 73
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The preparation of derivates of borazole, (HBNC6H5)3, (CH3BNC6H5)3, (ClBNC6H5)3, (C6H5BNH)3, and (C6H5BNCH3)3, is described. The infrared spectra of all this well crystallized colorless compounds exhibit an extremely intensive band in the region of about 1400 cm-1 which can be correlated to oscillation of the BN-ring system. The observed shifting of this band depending from the species of substituents is discussed.
    Notes: Es wird die Darstellung der folgenden Borazolderivate beschrieben: (HBNC6H5)3, (CH3BNC6H5)3, (ClBNC6H5)3, (C6H5BNH)3 und (C6H5BNCH3)3. Alle genannten Verbindungen sind gut kristallisierte, farblose Substanzen. Ihre Infrarotspektren enthalten neben Banden, die den Substituenten zuzuordnen sind, alle eine äußerst intensive Bande bei ∼1400 cm-1, die einer BN-Ringschwingung zugeordnet wird. Die Abhängigkeit dieser Bande von der Substitution wird diskutiert.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 189-212 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction between akali metal compounds and manganese or iron compounds at elevated temperatures have been studied by investigation of the systems MnO—Mn3O4—MnSO4, MnSO4—Na2SO4, MnO—Na2SO4, MnSO4—Fe2O3, MnSO4—Fe2O3—Na2SO4, Fe2O3—Na2SO4, FeO—Na2SO4, MnS—Na2SO4, MnS—Na2S, MnO—Na2S and MnS—Na2S—O2.
    Notes: Während über die Einwirkung von Alkaliverbindungen auf Eisen und seine Verbindungen bei hohen Temperaturen sehr umfangreiches Material vorliegt, sind die Kenntnisse des Verhaltens von Manganverbindungen gegenüber Alkaliverbindungen bei hohen Temperaturen nur gering. Daher wurden die folgenden Untersuchungen durchgeführt: Experimentelle Überprüfung des Schmelzpunktes und der Dissoziation von MnSO4. - Gleichgewichtsdiagramm MnO—Mn3O4—MnSO4. - Die Systeme MnSO4—Na2SO4 und MnO—Na2SO4. - Verhalten von MnSO4 gegenüber Fe2O3. - Verhalten von MnSO4 gegenüber Fe2O3 bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Na2SO4 - Verhalten von Fe2O3 gegen Na2SO4. - Verhalten von FeO gegen Na2SO4. - Verhalten von MnS gegen Na2SO4. - Das System MnS—Na2S und MnO—Na2S. - Oxydation von MnS—Na2S-Verbindungen im Schmelzfluß.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 226-226 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The liberation of H2S on elimination of carbon from sulfur by electrical heating is explained.
    Notes: Die kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift von Skjerven beschriebene H2S-Entwicklung bei der Beseitigung von C aus S durch einen Glühheizer wird auf ihre Ursache zurückgeführt.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The following new silver silicates have been prepared by treating silicates of alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals with fused silver nitrate at a temperature of about 300°C: red silver orthosilicate, AgSiO4; (Ag2SiO3)n and (Ag2Si2O5)n, both yellow, having a chain-like and layer-like anion, respectively, and a colourless silver-containing mica, AgAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2.(Ag2SiO3)n and (Ag2Si2O5)n and absorb gaseous HCN under formation of the corresponding silicic acids and unstable dicyanosilver(I) acid, H[Ag(CN)]2.
    Notes: Durch Behandlung von entsprechenden Silicaten der Alkalien bzw. Erdalkalien mit schmelzendem Silbernitrat bei etwa 300° C werden das rote Silberorthosilicat Ag4SiO4, das gelbe (Ag2SiO3)n und (Ag2Si2O5)n mit Ketten- bzw. Schichtanion und der Silberglimmer AgAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2 hergestellt und ihre Eigenschaften beschrieben.(Ag2SiO3)n und (Ag2Si2O5)n addieren pro Atom Ag 2 Mol HCN unter Bildung der entsprechenden Kieselsäuren und der Silbercyanwasserstoffsäure H[Ag(CN)2], die unter Abgabe von 1 Mol HCN leicht in AgCN übergeht.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 268-280 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: TiOCl has been prepared by reaction of TiCl3 with TiO2, Fe2O3, SiO2, H2O, or O2. It is also formed by reaction between TiCl4 and Ti + TiO2 or TiO.The heat of formation has been estimated to be ΔH298 = -182 kcal/mole.Although TiOCl decomposes when heated in vacuo, it can be sublimed in the presence of TiCl3; long needle-shaped single crystals are deposited in this manner.TiOCl crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group D2h13); it is isotype with FeOCl and exhibits paramagnetism.
    Notes: Titan(III)-oxychlorid TiOCl wurde durch Umsetzung von TiCl3 mit TiO2, Fe2O3, SiO2, H2O oder O2 erhalten. Es entsteht auch bei der Reaktion von TiCl4 mit Ti + TiO2 oder mit TiO.Aus den beobachteten Reaktionen und aus anderen Überlegungen läßt sich die Bildungsenthalpie des TiOCl ungefähr zu ΔH298 = -182 kcal ableiten.Beim Erhitzen im Vakuum zerfällt TiOCl. In Gegenwart von TiCl3 läßt es sich jedoch im Temperaturgefälle transportieren. Man kann so lange, nadelartige Einkristalle erhalten.Die Strukturuntersuchung ergab, daß TiOCl orthorhombisch ist und isotyp mit FeOCl in der Raumgruppe D2h13 kristallisiert. TiOCl ist paramagnetisch, jedoch liegt keine reine Ionenbindung vor.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 295 (1958), S. 291-299 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vapor pressures of solid and liquid germanium monosulfide are measured by the entrainment method with particular regard to the temperature range near the melting point. GeS melts at 615° and boils at 827°C.Germanium disulfide, GeS2, decomposes at higher temperatures into sulfur, GeS, and another well-defined hitherto unknown sulfide, Ge2S3.
    Notes: An festem und flüssigem Germaniummonosulfid werden Dampfdruckmessungen nach der Mitführungsmethode unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Temperaturbereichs um den Schmelzpunkt des GeS durchgeführt. Der Schmelzpunkt von GeS wird zu 615°C, der Siedepunkt zu 827°C ermittelt.Germaniumdisulfid GeS2 dissoziiert bei höherer Temperatur unter Bildung von GeS, Schwefel und eines Sulfids Ge2S3, dessen Existenz sichergestellt wird.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 297 (1958), S. 257-286 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The exchangeable cations of the minerals of the groups of mica, vermiculite, and montmorillonite are situated on the basal faces of the crystals. In the case of vermiculite and montmorillonite, all of these areas are accessable by intracrystalline swelling; mica, however, does only exchange cations on the outer areas. The inner ones become approachable for any cation after exchanging the potassium ions for voluminous alkylammonium ions.At the crystal edges there are (a)hydroxyl ions exchangeable for fluoride ions,(b)water molecules replaceable for NH3 or amines, and(a)groups enabled to react with alkali metal alcoholates, probably ≡ Si—OH-groups.
    Notes: Bei den Mineralen der Glimmer-, Vermikulit- und Montmorillonitgruppe liegen die austauschbaren Kationen an den Basisflächen der Kristalle. Bei Vermikulit und Montmorillonit sind durch die innerkristalline Quellung alle Basisflächen zugänglich, daher ist das Kationenaustauschvermögen bei diesen Mineralen besonders groß und weitgehend unabhängig von der Teilchengröße. Bei Glimmern hängt die Menge der austauschbaren Kationen von der Dicke der Kristalle ab. Die inneren Basisflächen werden erst nach dem Umtausch der Kaliumionen gegen große Alkylammoniumionen durch Quellung für den Kationenaustausch mit beliebigen Kationen erreichbar.An den Kristallrändern liegen: (a)gegen Fluoridionen austauschbare Hydroxydionen;(b)durch Ammoniak oder Amine unter Amminbildung ersetzbare Wassermolekeln;(c)mit Alkalialkoholat reaktionsfähige Gruppen, wahrscheinlich —OH-Gruppen. Entsprechend der Lokalisierung an den Kristallrändern (Prismenflächen) hängt die Menge dieser reaktionsfähigen Gruppen vom Teilchendurchmesser ab. Die Blockierung der —OH-Gruppen durch teilweise Überführung in —O—SiR3- Gruppen ist ohne Einfluß auf die Höhe des Kationenaustauschvermögens und den Austausch von Hydroxydionen gegen Fluoridionen.Glimmer-, Vermikulit- und Montmorillonitminerale sind einander in ihrem Verhalten beim Kationen- und Anionenaustausch sehr ähnlich. Die Unterschiede beruhen wahrscheinlich nur auf der verschiedenen Ladung der Silicatschichten und der unterschiedlichen Kristallgröße.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 1-2 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 296 (1958), S. 313-332 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chain-like polyphosphates may be regarded as cation-exchangers. The exchange-properties with organic cations are similar to those of layer-silicates, e.g. montmorillonite, or to those of uranium-micas.With bulky quaterny alkylammonium- or alkylpyridinium ions two dimensional swelling occurs in polar liquids (alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones …) changing the distance of the chains reversibly.With mono-n-alkyl- and arylammonium ions the polyphosphate-chains are linked together by hydrogen-bonds, thus forming two-dimensional layers no longer capable of intracrystalline swelling.
    Notes: Die Annahme von THILO und RATTAY, daß die Enthärtung von Wasser mit Polyphosphaten als Ionenaustauschreaktion aufzufassen ist, konnte durch den Austausch der K+-Ionen von kettenförmigem Kaliumpolyphosphat gegen große organische Kationen erhärtet werden. Das Kaliumpolyphosphat zeigt mit diesen Ionen ähnliche Austauschereigenschaften, wie die Schichtsilicate Montmorillonit und Muskowit oder wie die Uranglimmer.Nach dem Eintausch großer quartärer Alkylammonium- oder Alkylpyridinium-Ionen kann kettenförmiges Polyphosphat mit Alkoholen, Äthern, Ketonen, Estern, aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und Nitroverbindungen zweidimensional innerkristallin quellen. Makroskopisch zeigt sich diese Quellung in der Bildung viskoser Lösungen oder zäher Gallerten mit diesen Flüssigkeiten.Mit primären und sekundären Alkyl- oder Arylammoniumionen tritt keine zweidimensionale innerkristalline Quellung auf, weil die Polyphosphatketten mit diesen Ionen über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zu Schichten vernetzt werden. Da ein Teil der O-Atome der Polyphosphatketten in diesen Schichten praktisch ebene Sauerstoff-Sechsringe bilden, ist für die trigonalen Ionen R—NH3+ die Möglichkeit zur Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen besonders günstig. Die Bedeutung von H-Brückenbindungen wird betont durch das Verhalten der Polyphosphate mit Hexamethylen- und Dekamethylen-(α, ω)-diammoniumionen einerseits und Hexamethylen- bzw. Dekamethylen (α, ω)-bis-trimethylammoniumionen andererseits.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Combined with the sudden increase of the susceptibility of antiferromagnetic VO2 at a temperature of about 70°C, the electric conductivity of VO2 is strongly increased, too. Isomorphic substitution of V4+-ions by Ti4+-ions disturbs the antiferromagnetic interaction within the lattice. VO2—TiO2-mixed crystals exhibit higher susceptibilities and conductivities than pure VO2 does; there is a reduced increase of both the susceptibility and conductivity at about 70°C.The spectrum of reflection of VO2 is changed by Ti4+-ions in the same manner like that of pure VO2 when heated above 70°C.
    Notes: Mit dem sprunghaften Anstieg der Susceptibilität von reinem VO2 bei ∼ +70°C ist ein starker Anstieg der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit verbunden. Durch isomorphen Ersatz von V4+ durch Ti1+ werden die antiferromagnetischen Wechselwirkungen im VO2-Gitter gestört. Dies gibt sich an VO2—TiO2-Mischkristallen durch einen Anstieg der Susceptibilität und der Leitfähigkeit sowie durch eine Erniedrigung des Susceptibilitäts- und Leitfähigkeitssprunges in der Gegend von +70°C zu erkennen.Die Farbkurven von VO2 zeigen bei Einbau von Ti4+-Ionen in das VO2-Gitter die gleichen charakteristischen Veränderungen, wie sie bei reinem VO2 oberhalb +70°C auftreten.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 286-293 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Phosphortrichlorid und Brom entsteht in Arsentrichlorid als Lösungsmittel die Verbindung [PCl4] [PCl5Br], deren Struktur und Eigenschaften beschrieben werden. In der Literatur vorhandene undurchsichtige Angaben über Phosphor-Chlor-Brom-Verbindungen werden gedeutet.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 294-301 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzen von Thionylchlorid mit Ammoniak in der Wärme bei Anwesenheit eines organischen Lösungsmittels kann man festes rotviolettes HOSN erhalten. Mit Thionylchlorid im Überschuß entsteht daraus Tri-thiazylchlorid, (NSCl)3; durch Umsetzen mit NH3 wird Imidodisulfinamid gebildet. Durch Reaktion mit Triphenyl-methylnatrium konnte Na[OSN] hergestellt werden, das viel stabiler ist als die Wasserstoffverbindung.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 302-306 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Kondensationsreaktion zwischen Chlorsulfanen und überschüssigem flüssigem Schwefelwasserstoff liefert annähernd reine Sulfane, die nach Abdampfen des Überschusses an H2S isoliert werden können. Auf diesem Wege wurden H2S3 und H2S4 erstmalig direkt synthetisiert. Auch zur Gewinnung von H2S5 sowie bei vereinfachter Arbeitsweise zur Darstellung von Rohölen ist das Verfahren mit Vorteil zur verwenden.Elementares Chlor und Brom reagieren mit H2S bei den gleichen Bedingungen unter Bildung von Sulfangemischen, in denen hauptsächlich H2S3 und H2S4 neben H2S2 und höheren Homologen enthalten sind.
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  • 89
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 307-310 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das Prinzip der Darstellung nahezu formelreiner höherer Chlorsulfane durch Kondensation eines überschüssigen leichtflüchtigen Chlorsulfans mit Sulfanen wurde unter Verwendung von S2Cl2 als Chlorsulfankomponente zur Gewinnung der annähernd reinen Stoffe S5Cl2, S6Cl2, S7Cl2 und S8Cl2 angewendet.Die so dargestellten Verbindungen S5Cl2 und S6Cl2 erwiesen sich nach ihren physikalich-chemischen Eigenschaften und ihren RAMAN-Spektren als identisch mit den früher von uns unter Einsatz von SCl2 erhaltenen Produkten. S7Cl2 und S8Cl2 wurden erstmalig synthetisiert.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 311-313 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Umwandlung definierter Chlorsulfane mittels HBr in die entsprechenden Bromsulfane nach über die wir schon früher berichtet haben, wurde unter Einsatz von S2Cl2 und der inzwischen von uns dargestellten Chlorsulfane S3Cl2 bis S8Cl2 zur Gewinnung der annähernd reinen Bromsulfane S2Br2 bis S8Br2 herangezogen. Die Umsetzung verläuft bei Zimmertemperatur quantitativ. Die Produkte wurden physikalisch-chemisch charakterisiert.
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  • 91
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 314-321 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Alkaliazid reagiert in SO3-Atmosphäre zu kristallinen Produkten der Zusammensetzung KN3 · xSO3 (x ≤ 4), die unbeständig sind und leicht auf die beständigere Stufe KN3 · 2 SO3 abgebaut werden können. Beim Erwärmen in überschüssigem SO3 dismutieren die als Azidopolysulfate aufzufassenden Substanzen unter Bildung von Polysulfat und Disulfurylazid. S2O5(N3)2 schmilzt bei + 17°C und hydrolysiert in verdünnter Laugenur langsam zu SO3N3-, SO4-- und N3-. Aus der Lösung läßt sich KSO3N3 isolieren.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 326-326 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 93
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 322-326 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von Mangan(II)-rhodanid mit Kaliumhydrogenacetylid in flüssigem Ammoniak unter Ausschluß der Luft und Feuchtigkeit läßt sich nach dem Schema ein rosafarbenes Tetraammoniakat von Mangan(II)-hydrogenacetylid ausfällen. Die Verbindung reagiert mit protonenaktiven Lösungsmitteln unter quantitativer Acetylenentwicklung, verliert schon bei Zimmertemperatur sehr rasch NH3 und geht im Hochvakuum in das nicht faßbare, schwarze, explosive Mn(C2H2) über.Durch eine analoge Reaktion in flüssigem Ammoniak gemäß läßt sich ein rosafarbenes Hexaammoniakat des Mangan(II)-cyandis ausfällen, das bei Zimmertemperatur im Hochvakuum in ein gelbgrünes, paramagnetisches Diammoniakat der Zusammensetzung Mn(CN)2 · 2 NH3 übergeht. Die sich aus dem magnetischen Befund ergebenden Strukturmöglichkeiten für das Mn(CN)2 · 2 NH3 werden diskutiert.
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  • 94
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 343-344 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine sehr einfache, im präparativen Maßstabe durchführbare Methode zur Darstellung von wasserfreiem Hydrazin wird beschrieben.
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  • 95
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 96
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 293 (1958), S. 327-342 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1Galliumchlorid reagiert in Gegenwart von Chlor mit Graphit ebenso leicht wie Aluminiumchlorid. Je nach den Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen eine 1, 2. oder 4. Stufe mit GaCl3 in jeder, bzw. in jeder 2. oder 4. Schichtenlücke des Graphitgitters. Durch die Einlagerung wird der Abstand der C-Schichten auf 9,5 kX vergrößert. Die erste Stufe ist tiefblau und enthält bis zu 60% GaCl3.Alle Präparate wirken oxydierend auf KJ-Lösung und enthalten mehr Chlor, als der Menge des eingelagerten Halogenids entspricht. Das Verhältnis Ga:Cl liegt zwischen 1:3,2 bis 1:3,4.2InCl3 gibt mit Graphit nur eine 2. Stufe mit bis zu 55% InCl3 und einem In:Cl-Verhältnis, das nahe bei 1:3,0 liegt. Röntgenographisch läßt sich zeigen, daß das Halogenid in Form von einzelnen zusammenhängenden Schichtpaketen zwischen die C-Ebenen eingelagert ist.Beim Behandeln mit Wasser, Säuren und organischen Lösungsmitteln geht nur ein kleiner Teil des eingelagerten InCl3 in Lösung. Es wird nachgewiesen, daß ausgewaschene InCl3- und FeCl3-Graphitpräparate stets inhomogen sind. Die Kristalle bestehen aus einem Kern der unzersetzten Graphitverbindung, der durch eine Graphithaut vor dem weiteren Angriff des Lösungsmittels geschützt ist.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 22-49 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quecksilberdialkyle mit unverzweigten Alkylgruppen, vom Quecksilberdiäthyl an, lassen sich mit Harnstoff (nicht aber Thioharnstoff) zu wohlkristallisierten, auffallend stabilen Einschlußverbindungen vereinigen, die analytisch und röntgenographisch untersucht werden. Durch Einschluß in das Harnstoffgitter wird die Flüchtigkeit der Quecksilberdialkyle sehr herabgesetzt, zugleich ihre Stabilität gegen Photolyse ungemein erhöht. Die Festigkeit der Bindung zwischen Harnstoff und Quecksilberdialkylen übertrifft die zwischen Harnstoff und Paraffinen vergleichbarer Kettenlänge. Alkylquecksilberhalogenide nimmt Harnstoff nicht auf, was zur Trennung und Reinigung von Quecksiberdialkylen auszunutzen ist. Erstmalig dargestellt wurden auch die kristallinen Verbindungen Quecksilberdi-n-nonyl und Quecksilberdi-n-undecyl sowie das höchst zersetzliche 5,12-Dimercura-n-pentadecan, dessen Einbau in das Harnstoffgitter nicht gelang. Mit Alkylquecksilberbromiden bildet Thioharnstoff kristalline Verbindungen, deren Untersuchung noch im Gange ist. Einschlußverbindungen liegen hier offenbar nicht vor.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 81-91 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trisamide der Borsäure des Typus B(NR1R2)3 lassen sich in einfacher Weise aus dem leicht zu handhabenden Bortrifluorid-ätherat darstellen, wenn man ein Gemisch aus 3 Molen eines primären oder sekundären Amins und 1 Mol Bortrifluorid-ätherat mit einer beliebigen GRIGNARD-Verbindung umsetzt oder ein geeignetes Metallamid auf Bortrifluorid-ätherat einwirken läßt. Als Lösungsmittel sind Benzolkohlenwasserstoffe und Tetrahydrofuran geeignet.
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    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958), S. 92-95 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Das RAMAN-Spektrum des Trimethylsiliciumcyanids wurde aufgenommen und den Grundschwingungen zugeordnet. Die Frequenz der C—N-Schwingung erlaubt keine sichere Entscheidung, ob die Nitril- oder Isonitrilgruppe vorliegt. Die Darstellung des Cl3SiCN gelang trotz des Beschreitens verschiedener Reaktionswege nicht.
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 294 (1958) 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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