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  • Chemical Engineering  (1,178)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (1,071)
  • 1955-1959  (107)
  • 1983  (547)
  • 1982  (524)
  • 1958  (107)
Collection
Keywords
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Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (1,071)
  • 1955-1959  (107)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of porosity in filtration part 3: Variable-pressure - variable-rate filtration (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 170-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Virtually all filtration literature has been concerned with constant rate or constant pressure with greater emphasis on the latter. In contrast to these types of operations, industrial filtrations involving centrifugal pumps are accomplished under variable-pressure - variable-rate conditions. In spite of its importance virtually no work has been reported in connection with variable-rate - variable-pressure filtration. Formulas developed for constant pressure and constant-rate filtration are not in general applicable to operations effected by centrifugal pumps. Methods solving variable-pressure - variable-rate filtration problems are presented.A method of determining average filtration resistance as a function of compressive pressure under variable-pressure - variable-rate conditions is discussed, and formulas for determining point filtration resistance from data for average resistances are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual film coefficients of mass transfer in liquid-liquid extractionThis paper is based on a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Carnegie Institute of Technology. (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 180-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study has been made of the individual film coefficients of mass transfer for two binary liquid-liquid systems of differing physical properties, namely methyl isobutyl carbinol-water and methylethyl ketone-water, in a 4-in. diam. extraction column operated as a spray column and with 1/2-in. Raschig ring packing. The value of Ht for the dispersed phase was found to be a constant, C1 for a given system in a given column. The Ht values for the continuous phase could be correlated by the equation, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$(H_t )_c = C_2 (V_c /V_d )^n $$\end{document} Values of the constants C1, C2, and n are tabulated along with the values found by earlier investigators for other systems and column packings. The Ht values have been reduced to area base coefficients by the expression for droplet surface area proposed by Gaylor and Pratt (3).Presaturation of either phase was found to have no effect on mass transfer rates. There appears to be relatively little difference in the efficiency of spray and packed columns for systems of low interfacial tension, but for high interfacial-tension systems packed columns are considerably more efficient than spray columns.While no definitive correlations for the effect of physical properties are proposed, there are some indications that n is a function of the viscosity ratio of the two liquid phases and that C2 is a function of the 1/4 power of the groups (dΔργ/μ2c)(μc/μa) and (NS c)c. No correlation was found for the effect of physical properties on (Ht)d.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040212
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer from superheated vapors to a horizontal tube (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are reported for condensing Freon-114 (tetrafluorodichloroethane) and steam at several pressures. The condition of the vapors ranged from saturation to 180°F. of superheat. The condensing tube containing embedded thermocouples was 3/4 in. in diameter and 3 ft. long. Visual observation showed that steam condensed by dropwise condensation in part. Increase of superheat in the vapor at constant pressure caused a lowering of the tube-wall temperature, which was indicative of a lowering of the surface temperature of the condensate. The lowering of the condensate-surface temperature below the saturation temperature was computed from the experimental tube-wall temperatures, the heat flux, and Nusselt's equation for the condensate-film resistance. The lowering of the condensate-surface temperature is correlated with degree of superheat. An interfacial coefficient of heat transfer between the superheated vapor and the condensate surface is reported based on the computed surface temperatures. Schrage's analysis and equations for relating mass and heat transfer with conditions at an interface were simplified and used to correlated the experimental condensing load with the degree of superheat.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat and momentum transfer in the flow of gases through packed beds (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat and momentum transfer studies have been made for the flow of gases through fixed beds consisting of randomly packed, solid metallic particles. The experimental technique employed in these studies made possible for the first time the procurement of gas-film heat transfer data under steady state conditions and in the absence of mass transfer effects. Electric current passed through the metallic particles of the bed created within the particles a steady generation of heat, which was continuously removed by gases flowing through the bed. Several direct temperature measurements of both gases and solids within the bed made possible the direct calculation of the heat transfer coefficient for the gas film to produce the Colburn heat transfer factor jh, which has been found to correlate with the modified Reynolds number, Reh = √ ApG/[µ(1 - ∊)ϕ]. The shape factor ϕ was established in these studies for cubes and cylinders and was found to be identical to their respective sphericities.Pressure-drop measurements produced a friction factor fk of the Blake type, which yielded separate curves for each shape when correlated with the modified Reynolds number Rem. No simple relationship was found to exist between the heat transfer and friction factors. A single correlation of the pressure-drop data was obtained for the modulus fkoϕn when correlated with a Reynolds number of the type Rem = √ ApG/[µ(1 - ∊)]. The exponent n varies with the particle shape.Experimental runs have been carried out for 3/16, 1/4, 5/16-in. spheres, 1/4 and 3/8-in. cubes, and regular cylinders using hydrogen and carbon dioxide to extend the range of molecular weights beyond that of air, used for the majority of these runs. A particle-size, column-diameter effect was found to exist for both heat and momentum transfer. This effect becomes significant in the low Reynolds region.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040113
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural-convection heat transfer in regions of maximum fluid density (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the important factors affecting the rate of heat transfer by natural convection is the temperature-density relationship of the convecting fluid. The importance of this factor is amplified when the heat is being transferred to a medium which has a maximum density.This investigation consisted of measuring the heat transfer rates, velocity gradients, and temperature profiles when heat is transferred from a flat vertical plate to water in the region of 4°C. In some experiments the flow in the boundary layer was observed to be downward while at other conditions of plate and fluid temperature a dual motion (both up and down) was noted, thus establishing a basic difference in the heat transfer mechanism and precluding a unified theory. Theoretical consideration is given to each mechanism and a criterion is derived to predict the flow regime which will prevail at fixed conditions of plate and bulk temperatures.An analogue computer was used to establish theoretical velocity and temperature profiles. The theoretical values agree reasonably well with the measured values; however, the experimental temperrature gradients near the wall were not sufficiently accurate to be extrapolated to determine a point heat transfer coefficent.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040116
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer from a soluble solid sphere (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 114-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer from 3/8- and 1/2-in.-diameter spheres of adipic acid and from 3/8-, 1/2-, 5/8- and 3/4-in.-diameter spheres of benzoic acid into a controlled stream of water passing in laminar flow through a 3-in.-diameter pipe is found to be correlated by the single equaton NSh = 2 + 0.95 NRe0.5 NSc0.33 for sphere Reynolds numbers between 100 and 700. The limitations on the application of this equation, due to mass transfer by natural convection, are discussed. Correlations are also obtained for transfer from separate regions of the sphere surface.Skin-friction-drag coefficients for single fixed spheres have been calculated from reported pressure distributions for Reynolds numbers between 100 and 1,000.Good agreement is obtained between the mass transfer j factor and other reported values for heat transfer, but comparison with the calculated frictional forces indicates that the equality proposed by Colburn (3) does not hold, because the distributions of the mass transfer and the skin friction over the surface differ.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040120
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Errata (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 6M 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040123
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first transactions (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 125-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the diffusion coefficient of dilute gases and of the self-diffusion coefficient of dense gases (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A corresponding-states correlation of low-density binary- and self-diffusion coefficients is presented. The equations are simple to use, are sufficiently accurate for most calculations, and correlate those data used in their derivation somewhat better than calculations based on the Lennard-Jones potential if potential parameters have to be estimated from the critical properties. The Enskog kinetic theory of dense gases is used in modified form to obtain an expression for the high-density diffusion coefficient for isotopic mixtures in terms of the viscosity and compressibility of the gas. Generalized viscosity and compressibility charts are then used to construct a graph for predicting a reduced self-diffusion coefficient as a function of reduced temperature Tr = T/Tc and reduced pressure pr = p/pc. The effect of the pressure on the Schmidt number, Sc = μ/ρD, is also discussed. Finally the extension of this chart to nonisotopic mixtures is considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas absorption accompanied by a liquid-phase chemical reaction (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of absorption of chlorine from chlorine-nitrogen mixtures into solutions of ferrous chloride in 0.203 N aqueous hydrochloric acid was studied in a short wetted-wall column. Dimensional analysis and the film and penetration theories were used to infer, from the absorption rate data, that the chemical reaction between chlorine and the ferrous ion is second order. The absorption-rate results for experiments with a dilute gas phase agreed with theoretical predictions for absorption accompanied by a second order reaction with a reaction rate constant of 188 liters/(g. mole) (sec.). The results for experiments with pure chlorine gas deviated from the rest of the results, and they did not agree with the theoretical equations. It was shown that the assumption of a three-step mechanism for the chemical reaction, including the formation of a complex ion and the decompositon of this complex ion, explains, at least qualitatively, the deviations observed for the pure chlorine gas runs.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040219
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 6J 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040224
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040301
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity: Reduced-state correlation for the inert gases (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reduced-state viscosity correlation has been constructed from the available data of the inert gases. For the development of this correlation, the fragmentary experimental data for argon were utilized along the lines proposed for thermal conductivities by Owens and Thodos (21) in order to determine the effect of pressure on viscosity. In addition, the only available low-pressure viscosity data for neon and helium have been incorporated in this correlation to produce for the first time the effect of subatmospheric pressures. This correlation covers the range of pressures included between PR = 40 and PR = 0.015 × 10-4 and extends up to temperatures of TR = 100. It has been found that the effect of subatmospheric pressures on viscosity does not become significant above pressures of 1 mm. of mercury. However, at lower pressures, viscosity is found to decrease rapidly, particularly in the regions below absolute pressures of 0.01 mm. of mercury.Viscosities calculated with the reduced state correlation produce an average over-all deviation of 0.93% for neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. In these comparisons the available viscosity data for the gaseous and liquid states of these substances have been included. Deviations of the same order of magnitude are produced for helium in the gaseous state; however, these deviations become excessive for viscosities of helium in the liquid state.The application of the final reduced state correlation has been extended to a number of diatomic and polyatomic gases and found to apply well to the diatomic gases only.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040304
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discharge coefficients through perforated plates at reynolds numbers of 400 to 3,000 (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 266-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The correlation of Kolodzie and Van Winkle (3) for predicting dry plate orifice coefficients through perforated plates originally covering a Reynolds number range of 2000 to 20,000 has been extended to apply to Reynolds numbers as low as 400. The correlation applies to column diameters ranging from 3 to 15 in.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040306
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase relations of binary systems that form azeotropes: I. The ammonia-n-Butane system (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 293-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Binary systems that form azeotropes in the critical region of the system show a wide variation in their phase behavior. As part of an investigation of the factors responsible for this variation, the P-V-T-x relations of the ammonia-n-butane system were determined at the liquid-vapor phase boundaries from near room temperature to the highest temperature and pressure at which the liquid and vapor coexist. Ammonia and n-butane form an azeotrope whose composition varies from 81.7 mole % ammonia at 300 1b./sq. in. to 86.3 mole % at 1295 1b./sq. in. The critical locus possesses a minimum temperature point similar to other binary systems that form azeotropes in the critical region. The experimental results support the hypothesis that binary systems that form azetropes exhibit a characteristic pattern of P-T-x relations in the critical region that is distinctively different from systems that do not form azeotropes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040312
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drainage of packed beds in gravitational and centrifugal-force fields (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 305-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The basic differential equations are developed for the prediction of saturation-time curves for the drainage of packed beds in either gravitational or centrifugal fields. The only mathematical solution existing at present, a series solution, is provided for these equations. A film drainage function is included to describe the movement of liquid along the surface of the particles when the main liquid level has passed through the pores of the bed. This method of analysis has been used successfully to predict the drainage of packed beds in a 9-in.-diameter hydroextractor. The important value of capillary suction head is best found from ancillary tests with Haines apparatus, but the value can be found with reasonable accuracy from the change in drainage rate as the liquid surface enters the upper surface of the packed bed. When these two rates are available, the permeability can also be found, and all the major variables are obtained from the drainage test on either the hydroextractor cake or the packed bed under gravity drainage.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040315
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized correlation for loading in packed towers with countercurrent gas-liquid flow (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 324-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experiments in which a liquid film runs over a vertical string of spheres surrounded by a concentric tube through which air is blown upward have shown that loading in a packed tower is due to the formation of standing waves on the liquid film. In the ball-and-tube system a wave is formed just below the equator of each ball, owing to the pressure gradient within the air stream as it accelerates through the narrowing gap between the ball and the tube. Interfacial shear and surface tension are of secondary importance. The similarity between the characteristics of the ball-and-tube system and those of the randomly packed tower suggests that loading in the latter system is also due to wave formation. With this concept of loading, a correlation has been dérived.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040318
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing and fluid dispersion of viscous liquids (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model based on extension and secondary motions of striations in a deforming flow is used to predict details of the mixing and dispersion of viscous liquids. Generally, extension of intermaterial area and interfacial surface occurs in stagnation regions, and breakup ensues when the striated flow has left such a region or has time to form unmixing regions of smaller scale in the stretching flow. Complex criteria for the types of mixing anticipated are based on differences in viscosity, differences in density, striation scale, rate of stretch, and, for various degrees of immiscibility, interfacial tension.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280113
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of phenolic wastewater by parametric pumping: Nonmixed dead volume equilibrium model (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 73-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new process for purification of phenolic wastewaters by parametric pumping is presented.An equilibrium (linear) model for nonmixed dead volumes thermal direct mode parametric pumping is developed and the influence of bottom and top dead volume magnitudes on transient separation is analyzed.Analytical solutions for batch, continuous and semicontinuous operations are presented.Experimental data on the system phenol/water-Duolite ES861 include equilibrium isotherms at 20°C and 60°C and parapump runs for the cases mentioned above.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280111
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    A study of the volumetric and phase behavior of binary systems. Part I. Critical properties of propane-perfluorocyclobutane mixtures (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The volumetric and phase behavior of propane-perfluorocyclobutane mixtures has been determined in the critical region. This system exhibits a minimum temperature point in its critical locus curve and forms a positive critical azeotrope. The measured critical points in this system and their correlation using an extended corresponding states principle are reported in this paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280119
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rate of protein absorption and desorption on cellulosic ion exchangers (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Both equilibrium and rate studies were made for the adsorption and desorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (B.S.A.), Fraction V, from dilute solutions using a new cellulose based ion exchange resin. Using the equilibrium data and a simple two-film theory to describe the rate data it was shown that during the initial perioid of adsorption the rate was controlled by film diffusion, after which it was controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The desorption was largely intraparticle diffusion controlled except for a very short surface desorption step. It is suggested that the model could be used to describe other protein adsorption/ion exchange processes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280212
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Analysis of annular bed reactor for methanation of carbon monoxide (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 266-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new reactor configuration, the annular bed reactor, is mathematically modeled to assess its capabilities as a CO methanation reactor. The results show that the reactor offers excellent temperature control characteristics and negligible pressure drop, and that it is a promising configuration for this as well as other reaction systems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280215
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-isothermal channel flow of non-Newtonian fluids with viscous heating (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 294-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Approximate analytical solutions of the local temperature variations, due to viscous heating, in channel flows of non-Newtonian fluids with small Nahme-Griffith numbers were obtained by the WKB-J method. The results are general and easy to use so that extensive numerical computations are not required. Comparisons between the approximate analytical solution and complete numerical solution showed that the relative differences were very small.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Laminar free convection with suction or blowing along a vertical surface (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 338-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280224
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    Analysis of batch, dispersed-emulsion, separation systems (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 492-500 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of a batch, dispersed-emulsion (liquid membrane), separation system results in simple models that describe the concentrations and masses of each phase as functions of time. Comparisons with a limited set of experimental data are offered. One of these models allows a set of pilot studies to be extended to performance predictions and comparative studies of different feed-membrane-solvent combinations, which could lead to an optimally designed separation process.
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    Comments on the paper, theoretical prediction of effective heat transfer parameters in packed beds by Anthony Dixon and D. L. Cresswell [AIChE J., 25, 663 (1979)] (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 508-510 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280321
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    Explicit approximations to the solution of Colebrook's friction factor equation (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 514-515 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: Theoretical model (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 515-517 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280324
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    Process synthesis using structural parameters: Further discussion of inequality constraints (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 166-168 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280124
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    Process level instrumentation and control by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1981; 252 pages; $29.75 (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 173-173 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280128
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    Analysis of laminar non-Newtonian flow and heat transfer in curved tubes (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 610-616 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The governing equations for the laminar fully developed flow and heat transfer in curved tubes are solved numerically for a power-law fluid. Results for the velocity and temperature fields, the friction factor, and the Nusselt number are presented for different values of the Dean number, the Prandtl number, and the power-law index. The friction factor results are compared with available experimental data.
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    Correlation of phase-separation data for coal-conversion systems (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 626-637 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiparameter corresponding-states correlation is applied to describe fossil-fluid vapor/liquid-equilibrium behavior needed to design separation and other process units in coal-liquefaction plants. Data for both defined and undefined fluids pertinent to coal liquefaction are utilized in correlation development. The procurement of these data requires a thorough evaluation and study of the needs for additional data to improve correlations. These needs are systematically outlined in the context of the level of predication capability that can be achieved using the currently available data base.A conformal-solution model is applied to describe the behavior of many defined binary and ternary coal-solvent systems. The correlation is then extended to undefined systems such as those encountered in the Exxon Donor Solvent process. Correlation results are reported and correlation limits are assessed.
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    An improved correlation for densities of compressed liquids and liquid mixtures (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 671-676 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Tait equation has been extended and generalized to permit the calculation of densities of compressed liquids and their mixtures to a pressure of 68,950 kPa (10,000 psia) using only critical temperature, critical pressure, Soave-Redlich-Kwong acentric factor, saturation pressure, and saturated volume for a pure liquid or the corresponding mixture parameters for a liquid mixture. This correlation, together with the correlation developed by Hankinson and Thomson (1979) for saturated liquid densities, comprise COSTALD (COrresponding STAtes Liquid Density), an integrated method for estimating densities of nonpolar and slightly polar liquids and mixtures. The new correlation gave 0.446 average absolute percent error for 6,338 data points for nonpolar liquids, 2.57% error for 1352 data points for polar and quantum liquids, 0.369% error for 319 data points for LNG/LPG mixtures, and 1.61% error for all mixtures tested.
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    Principles of polymer systems, Second Edition, Ferdinand Rodriguez, McGraw-Hill, 1982, 575 pages, $29.95, solutions manual available (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 702-702 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280427
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    Heat transfer engineering, Hemisphere Publishing Corp. 1025 Vermont Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C.-20005, 19 W. 44th St., New York-10036. (An International quarterly journal founded in 1979). Annual subscriptions are $18 for individuals or $40 for Institutions (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 702-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280429
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    Factors affecting secondary nucleation rate of sodium chloride in an evaporative crystallizer (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 728-737 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics of sodium chloride have been studied in a Continuous Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal evaporative crystallizer at 50°C. A marine propeller was found to give a substantially lower nucleation rate than a pitched blade impeller under identical conditions. The crystal turnover time did not affect the effective nucleation rate.
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    Numerical solution of liquid-phase multicomponent adsorption in fixed beds (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 765-772 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized mathematical model is developed to describe the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds. Numerical, finite difference, solutions for the adsorption of binary, and ternary organic mixtures are shown to satisfactorily match previously published experimental data.
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    Thinning of a liquid film as a small drop or bubble approaches a fluid-fluid interface (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 786-792 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a small drop or bubble approaches a fluid-fluid interface, a thin liquid film forms between them, drains, until an instability forms and coalescence occurs. A hydrodynamic theory is developed for the first portion of this coalescence process: the drainage of the thin liquid film while it is still sufficiently thick that the effects of London-van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces can be ignored. The time rate of change of the film profile is predicted, given only the drop radius and the required physical properties. Comparisons are offered with the limited experimental data available.
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    Laminar flow in the entrance region of a parallel plate channel (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 830-833 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Diffusion of n-decane in 5A zeolite crystals (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 840-841 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280524
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    A chemical theory for the thermodynamics of highly-solvated liquid metal mixtures (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 325-333 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemical solution theory has been shown to be particularly well-suited for certain classes of liquid metal mixtures. A generalized formulation of this approach is presented and it eliminates the need for mechanistic information. The results are in good agreement with many data, and could lead to a variety of industrial applications of liquid metal solvents.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    Correlation of activity coefficients of hydrocarbons in water at infinite dilution with molecular parameters (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 341-343 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280225
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    Energy, combustion, and environment by Norman Chigier, McGraw-Hill, 1981, 496 pages, $44.95 (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 349-349 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280229
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    Developments in heat exchanger technology, Edited by D. Chisholm, Applied Science Publisher Ltd., London 1980, (300 pages) $65.00 (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 869-869 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280540
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    Solar heating and cooling, active and passive design, Second Edition, Jan F. Kreider and Frnak Kreith, McGraw-Hill, 1982, 479 pages, price $29.95 (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 870-870 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280543
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    Bed-surface contact dynamics for horizontal tubes in fluidized beds (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 907-914 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local contact characteristics between the bed emulsion and the tube surface for horizontal tubes immersed in fluidized beds were investigated experimentally. The measurements indicated that the contact dynamics change significantly with circumferential position, gas flow rate, particle size and system pressure. From the experimental data, quantitative information on the local fluidization behavior were generated for use in heat transfer models.
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    Experimental measurement of the thermal stability criteria for the low pressure methanol synthesis (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 914-922 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical basis was derived for the experimental measurement of the “Slope Condition” and of the “Dynamic Condition” of the thermal stability criteria in a laboratory-scale internal recycle reactor. This work also resulted in clearer interpretations and simpler expressions for the two stability criteria. The method was experimentally demonstrated on the example of the low pressure methanol synthesis. Only seven experiments were needed to evaluate the stability criteria of this reaction for which the kinetics is unknown.
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    Laminar tube flow with a thermosetting polymerization (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 973-980 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two models describing the laminar flow of a polymerizing liquid through a tube have been developed and tested experimentally. One model is a full finite difference solution of the balance equations. The other is an approximate analytical solution which assumes that flow ceases after viscosity increases about tenfold. The models are compared to two experimental cases: (1) the pressure rise needed to keep the flow rate through the tube constant and (2) the flow rate decrease when pressure at the tube entrance is held constant. The finite difference model is more accurate in the early stages of polymerization while the approximate analytical model is more accurate at long times. The models have application to runner flow in reaction injection molding, to nozzles in thermoset molding, to thermoset dispensing equipment and to continuous reactive polymer processes in general.
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    Oscillatory behavior of a gas bubble growing (or collapsing) in viscoelastic liquids (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1002-1009 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical study was carried out to achieve a better understanding of the oscillatory behavior of a gas bubble growing (or collapsing) in a viscoelastic liquid, by taking into account both the hydrodynamic and diffusion effects. The Zaremba-DeWitt model was chosen to represent the rheological properties of the suspending medium. The finite difference method was employed to solve the governing system equations.The computational results show that, in the case of very fast diffusion (i.e., constant bubble pressure), the oscillatory behavior of a bubble takes place only when the ratio of the initial pressure difference between the gas bubble and the liquid phase to the elastic modulus of the suspending medium is below a certain critical value. On the other hand, in the case of very slow diffusion, the oscillatory behavior of a bubble persists, regardless of the magnitude of the rheological properties of the suspending medium. Our study indicates further that the diffusivity of a gas has a profound influence on the occurrence of oscillatory behavior, that the elastic property of the suspending medium enhances oscillatory behavior while its viscosity plays the opposite role, and that even a Newtonian medium can give rise to an oscillatory pattern of bubble growth (or collapse), although it dampens out very quickly.
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    Numerical calculation of effectiveness factors for the Michaelis-Menten type kinetics with high thiele moduli (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1030-1032 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Drying '82, A. S. Mujumdar, Editor, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, 1982, 254 pages, $70 (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1041-1041 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280626
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    Errata (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1043-1043 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280630
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    Letters to the editor (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1042-1043 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280629
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    Trickle-bed reactors: A review (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 1-18 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fixed-bed, catalytic reactors in which gas and liquid phases flow concurrently downward, termed trickle beds, are becoming more widely used in chemical processing, particularly in the petrochemical industry. Shah (1979) has summarized the advantages of trickle-bed reactors and mentioned some of the processes in which the reactors are used. Shah's monograph and earlier reviews (Satterfield, 1975; Goto et al., 1977; Hofmann, 1978; Gianetto et al., 1978) have discussed factors affecting reactor performance.In the last few years additional experimental and theoretical studies that contribute to improved design and scaleup of trickle-bed reactors have been published. The scope of this paper is to review critically these improvements. Progress in understanding local rates of reaction is considered first. Then recent developments in reactor design are analyzed.
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    Absorption of sulfur dioxide into aqueous double slurries containing limestone and magnesium hydroxide (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 60-65 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The absorption of dilute SO2 into aqueous double slurries containing CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2 was carried out using a stirred tank with a plane gas-liquid interface. The absorption rate increased and finally reached that under the completely gas-film controlled conditions as the absorption process proceeded. The desulfurization process using the double slurry was formulated by a two-reaction-plane model in which there are no particles suspended in-between the interface and the primary reaction plane. It was suggested from comparison of the experimental absorption rates with the theoretical predictions that 40 to 60% of the absorbed sulfur dioxide may be present as an effective magnesium sulfite ion pair.
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    A design approach based on phase plane analysis: Countercurrent reactor/heat exchanger with parametric sensitivity (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 87-94 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A design approach based on a phase diagram of inlet temperatures is proposed for the countercurrent reactor/heat exchanger for highly exothermic reactions with inherent parametric sensitivities. The phase diagram shows the region of safe operation on a plane of feed and coolant inlet temperatures, free from runaway conditions. The boundaries surrounding the safe operation region are defined by design parameters. Simple procedures applicable to arbitrary expressions of global rate are developed for the phase diagram. The multi-pronged design problem of selecting the design parameters and operating conditions for the maximum possible conversion within the constraints due to the parametric sensitivities is condensed into the represented by a phase diagram and an analysis on the phase plane. A design alternative which eliminates the necessity of the preheater for highly exothermic reactions is discussed and the advantages are quantitatively illustrated to assert that this design should be seriously considered as a viable alternative.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Mechanical mixing efficiency parameter for static mixers (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 159-161 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Drop breakup in the flow of immiscible liquids through an orifice in a pipe (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 161-164 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Foundations of computer-aided chemical process design, volumes 1 and 2, edited by Richard S. H. Mah and Warren D. Seider, engineering foundation, New York, 1981, $40.00 per set ($24.00 per volume) for AIChE members, $50.00 per set ($30.00 per volume) for nonmembers (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 171-171 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Masthead (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Optimum dimensions for pipeline mixing at a T-junction (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 980-987 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conditions are identified which insure optimum pipeline mixing at a T-junction. Analytical expressions, that result from detailed measurements of both near and far-field momentum-dominated jet trajectories in a crossflow, are renormalized in terms of pipe coordinates. It is demonstrated that a simple scaling law exists for the limiting geometry of either large or small jet-to-pipe diameter ratios. The scaling laws are shown to accurately correlate existing data for each limiting geometry.
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    Infeasible path optimization with sequential modular simulators (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 994-1002 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Infeasible path optimization algorithms have been effective with equation-solving or simultaneous modular process simulators. Using these simulators, successive quadratic programming is applied to large nonlinear programs. However, the algorithms are not directly applicable to commercial simulators of the sequential modular type.Here an infeasible path algorithm is presented which can easily be integrated with most commercial process simulators. The optimization problem remains small (10 or 20 variables) and the user merely replaces the convergence block with an “optimization” block.A simple process example demonstrates the operation, effectiveness, and potential of this algorithm.
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    Diffusive transport across corrugated plates and tubes (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1016-1019 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady diffusion across a constant thickness corrugated barrier is analyzed through the intrinsic coordinate system. Perturbation solutions are found when the thickness is small compared to the minimum radius of curvature. For a given perimeter length, diffusive transfer is decreased, while for given maximum geometric dimensions, diffusive transfer may be increased by corrugations.
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    Calculation of parametric dependence and finite-difference methods (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1033-1036 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280622
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    Fault diagnosis in nonlinear chemical processes. Part II. Application to a chemical reactor (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 250-261 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-level strategy for fault detection and diagnosis developed in Part I is applied to a chemical reactor in which heptane is converted to toluene. Simulation of various faults demonstrates that the proposed strategy is valid, and that it also represents an improvement over fault diagnosis via an extended Kalman filter.
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    Reduced-order steady-state and dynamic models for separation processes. Part II. Application to nonlinear multicomponent systems (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 270-276 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In Part I, a novel method for reducing the order of models for countercurrent staged separation systems was presented. In this paper, the method is applied to the modeling and simulation of nonlinear multicomponent distillation systems. Some additional properties of the model reduction procedure are derived. The accuracy of the approximation is established by comparison of the steady-state profiles and transient responses to that of rigorous dynamic models. The results indicate that the proposed technique is an effective way of reducing the number of equations needed to model stagewise multicomponent separation systems.
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    Hydraulic deliquoring of compressible filter cakes. Part 1: Reverse flow in filter presses (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 297-305 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Removal of liquid from filter cakes can be accomplished by mechanical or hydraulic methods after cake formation is complete. This paper deals with the latter procedure. The local porosity in porous beds (Tiller and Cooper, 1962) is a function of hydraulic pressure distribution and cake compressibility. Calculation of average porosity requires an integration of local values as determined by liquid flow patterns. As most compressions of filter cakes are irreversible, the local porosity is a function of the maximum effective pressure (frictional pressure loss) reached during cyclical operations. Reversal of flow through a cake develops radically changed pressure distributions which can be utilized to reduce local porosities. Analytical expressions are presented for reduction of average porosity brought about by reversing flow of liquid in plate-and-frame and recessed plate filter presses.
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    Mechanism of carbon gasification - conformation of etch pits on graphite surface with and without tungsten catalyst (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 338-340 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Vapor-liquid equilibrium constants at infinite dilution determined by a gas stripping method: Ethane, propane, n-butane, n-pentane in the methane-n-decane system (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 137-144 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new apparatus to measure partition coefficients Ks∞ at infinite dilution up to 200 105 Pa and 423 K is described. Measurements of the systems: (1) methane-ethane-n-decane and methane-propane-n-decane at 294.25 K; and (2) methane-n-butane-n-decane at 344.25 K illustrate the reproducibility and good agreement with literature data. In addition, new data were obtained for the system methane-n-pentane-n-decane at 344.25 K up to 101 105 Pa.
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    Kinetic analysis of a non-isothermal reactor: Comments on a note by Cooper and Alley (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 157-159 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290123
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    New pressure drop correlation for sieve tray distillation columns (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 434-442 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pressure drop data for distillation sieve trays have been obtained with experimental trays with small outlet weir heights, including zero, and for trays with small perforations which exhibit large pressure drops due to surface tension. These data have been added to literature data to form a large composite data base with extensive variations in fluid and gas properties, flow rates, and tray designs.A new pressure drop correlation has been developed which retains the use of the dry tray pressure drop, but provides new procedures for estimating liquid inventory and the resistance to vapor flow due to surface tension forces. This correlation gives a mean absolute error of 6.0% and an average error of -0.6%. These errors are significantly less than the errors between measurements and predictions from two other correlations using the same composite data base.
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    Hydrodynamics of two-phase cocurrent downflow through packed beds. Part I. Macroscopic model (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 467-473 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pressure drop and liquid saturation are two important design parameters in cocurrent gas-liquid downflow through packed beds. A macroscopic model based on momentum balance is formulated for the condition of no radial pressure gradients. The model includes the effect of bubble formation on the pressure drop and holdup and is compared with the experimental data of the earlier investigators and of the present study. The model provides a functional form for correlating pressure drop and liquid saturation but some parameters have to be determined by fitting the experimental data.
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    New descriptions of dispersion in flow through tubes: Convolution and collocation methods (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 493-498 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The convective dispersion of a solute in steady flow through a tube is analyzed, and the concentration profile for any Peclet number is obtained as a convolution of the profile for infinite Peclet number. Close approximations are obtained for the concentration profile and its axial moments, by use of orthogonal collocation in the radial coordinate. The moments thus obtained converge rapidly, and the concentration profile less rapidly, toward exactness as the number of collocation points is increased. A two-point radial grid gives results of practical accuracy; analytical solutions are given at this order of approximation.
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    Thermodynamics of polymer solutions by Michio Kwata, translated from the Japanese by Hiroshi Fugita, Harwood Academic Publishers (1982), 294 pages. $94.00 (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 524-524 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Errata (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Heat and power networks in process design. Part II: Design procedure for equipment selection and process matching (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 748-771 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In Part I, criteria for heat engine and heat pump placement in chemical process networks were derived, based on the “temperature interval” (T.I) analysis of the heat exchanger network problem. Using these criteria, this paper gives a method for identifying the best outline design for any combined system of chemical process, heat engines, and heat pumps. The method eliminates inferior alternatives early, and positively leads on to the most appropriate solution. A graphical procedure based on the T.I. analysis forms the heart of the approach, and the calculations involved are simple enough to be carried out on, say, a programmable calculator. Application to a case study is demonstrated.Optimization methods based on this procedure are currently under research.
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    Fluidized-bed reactor model with generalized particle balances. Part I: Formulation and solution (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 813-820 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The changes to the solid phase which occur within fluidized-bed gas-solid reactors may have a significant impact on the performance of this class of reactors, particularly in coal conversion applications. In this paper a particle balance model is developed which accommodates particle distributions dependent on both size and density as well as populations consisting of multiple solids. The fast double collocation method used for solving the associated PDE permits this calculation to be performed within the framework of a Davidson-Harrison bubbling-bed model. A modification of the iteration procedure for the emulsion-phase state variables of the D-H model is reported which allows the composite reactor model to be executed reliably and efficiently. A general purpose program has been implemented, whose application is presented in a companion paper.
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    Pyrolysis of oil shale: Experimental study of transport effects (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 604-610 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of kerogen in a Colorado shale was studied in a TGA-type apparatus in which the temperature was first increased at a constant rate and then held constant at a plateau value. Data were obtaiend at plateau temperatures from about 573 to 703 K and at 101.3 kPa.The objective of the research was to determine the influence of transport effects on the observed rate of decomposition. The results show that, for the shale studied, transport of heat and mass influenced the rate, if the particle size was greater than about 0.4 × 10-3 m and if more than two to three layers of particles were placed in the weighing basket.
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    Simplification of quasilinearization method for parameter estimation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 858-864 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An alternate development of the quasilinearization method for parameter estimation is presented to enable a more efficient implementation of the algorithm. Similarity of this algorithm to Gauss-Newton method is shown and attention is given to systems having a nonlinear relationship between the observed and state variables. To overcome the problem of a small region of convergence, the use of direct search optimization is proposed for the first few iterations, followed by the simplified quasilinearization algorithm.
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    Masthead (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983) 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Laminar dilute suspension flows in plate-and-frame ultrafiltration units (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 529-533 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer simulation model for suspension flows in plate-and-frame type membrane modules has been developed. Reduced forms of the mass transport and momentum equation were solved simultaneously to study concentration polarization and permeation flux decline. The verified simulator can be used to analyze and predict the process dynamics and can aid in the design of ultrafiltration systems.
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    Activity coefficients of mixtures adsorbed on heterogeneous surfaces (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 691-693 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Letters to the editor (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 702-702 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Modeling of acid hydrolysis of solasodine glycosides. Part III: Combined glycoside hydrolysis and solasodiene formation - guidelines for commercial hydrolysis (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 584-587 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic models for glycoside hydrolysis and solasodiene formation are combined, and using previous experimental data the effect of changes in reaction conditions on hydrolysis times and the proportion of solasodiene in the final hydrolysed product are established. These are used to give a set of guidelines for commercial hydrolysis. The use of the models for new commercial situations is explained.
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    Turbulence structure of dilute drag-reducing polymer solutions in a rectangular open channel flow (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 611-617 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The drag reduction phenomenon in a rectangular open channel flow was examined by measuring the longitudinal velocity by means of a laser Doppler anemometer. Statistical analysis of the fluctuating velocity showed that the most significant effect of the polymer additive (polyethylene oxide) on the large-scale turbulent motion appeared in the turbulent core of an open channel flow. The scale of bursting phenomenon was enlarged by the polymer additive, and the typical ejection process was detected as the remarkable negative fluctuating velocity throughout the buffer and turbulent core regions except near the free surface.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290414
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    Tracer diffusion in methanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol from 298 to 433 K (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 640-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion coefficients of argon, krypton, xenon, methane, carbon tetrachloride and the tetraalkyltins (methyl through butyl) were measured in methanol, 1-butanol and 1-octanol over the temperature range 298 to 433 K. With temperature-dependent solvent diameters fitted from the tracer diffusivity of one of the solutes, a rough-hard-sphere theory predicts well the observed tracer diffusivity over the solvent density range in which hard-sphere computer simulations are available. The Wilke-Chang correlation predicts diffusion coefficients in the higher alcohols with an average error of 80% and a maximum error of 200%. A correlation of the form Dμp/T = A where p and A depend on solute and solvent size is more successful giving an average error of 7% and a maximum error of 24%.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290418
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    Single-particle approach for analyzing flow systems. Part II: Regional residence times and local flow rates (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The analysis of Part I (Rubinovitch and Mann, 1983) is continued here, considering the movements of a single particle in an arbitrary flow system in terms of the total times it resides in various flow regions. Results from the theory of Markov chains are used to derive expressions for the joint distribution of number of visits and total residence time in a flow region and for the total regional residence time distribution. Further, the relationships between the local particle flow rate, number of visits to a flow region, and net flow rate through the system are derived. Specifically, it is shown that This relation is valid for any general flow system and any general region in the system. It holds true irrespective of the number of inlets and outlets to the region or of the nature of the internal mixing in the region. It is further shown how this relation leads to an experimental method for measuring local flow rates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290422
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    Alternative model for wall effect in laminar flow of a fluid through a packed column (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 688-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290426
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    Effects of gas-adsorbate momentum transfer on the movement of a mobile adsorbed phase over a uniform surface (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 696-698 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290430
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    Errata (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 703-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290436
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  • 91
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    Heat transfer around a horizontal tube in freeboard region of fluidized beds (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 712-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation was carried out to measure local and average heat transfer coefficients for horizontal tubes located in freeboard region of air fluidized beds. Tests were carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure in a rectangular fluidized bed, with mean particle diameters of 275 to 850 μm.Both local and average heat transfer coefficients were found to vary with particle diameter, flow rate, static bed depth, and elevation in the freeboard region.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290503
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  • 92
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    Regeneration of activated carbon. Part II: Gasification kinetics with steam (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 737-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the reaction between steam and thermally-regenerated activated carbon containing DBS residue was studied at 973 to 1,062 K and atmospheric pressure. The results fit a Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation originally developed for the oxidation of other types of carbon with steam. The rates of reaction were relatively high. Auxiliary experiments with added Na2SO4 indicated that the non-volatile inorganic residue from DBS has a catalytic effect.Readsorption measurements on regenerated samples demonstrated that thermal regeneration alone resulted in considerable loss (35%) in adsorption capacity but that thermal regeneration followed by steam gasification could completely restore the adsorption capacity for DBS on the remaining virgin carbon.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290507
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    Studies in magnetochemical engineering. Part II: Theoretical development of a practical model for high-gradient magnetic separation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 771-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is an existing commercial technology which promises to be an effective means for the large-scale separation of both weakly magnetic and practically nonmagnetic, micron-sized particles. It utilizes the strong magnetic forces created typically by placing filamentary ferromagnetic packing materials inside a separator matrix magnetized by a uniform background magnetic field. In this paper, a practical mathematical model for HGMS is developed for quantitatively predicting the grade and recovery of the separated product and the capacity (concentration breakthrough) of the separator. Computer implementation and experimental verification of the new model for HGMS applied to pilot-scale coal beneficiation are described in Part III.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290510
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    Kinetics of the approach to sorptional equilibrium by a foodstuff (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 800-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of equilibration of a vegetable foodstuff with moist air are studied on the basis of its cellular structure. The problem is modelled as a coupled heat and mass transfer phenomenon; since there is a significant shrinkage as moisture decreases, the model takes the effect into account by changing the basis for the mass and energy balances. The resulting nonlinear second-order partial differencial equations are solved numerically; predicted values of moisture decrease and temperature gain with time are compared with experimental data. A sensitivity analysis of the solution to values of the transport properties shows that the value of effective diffusivity and heat and mass transfer coefficient may alter significantly the predicted equilibration kinetics and center temperature. The adopted value for heat of sorption has less influence. Changes in effective thermal conductivity and porosity bear little influence on predictions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290514
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    Anomalous diffusion of vapors through solid polymers. Part I: Irreversible thermodynamics of diffusion and solution processes (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 829-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The solubility and diffusivity of vapors in polymers below and in the vicinity of glass transition temperature are known to be explicitly time-dependent. It is assumed here that the polymers are in nonequilibrium states, characterized by an internal order. The latter relaxes with time and moves towards equilibrium. The changes in the internal order bring about changes in the properties of the polymer-solute system.The time dependence of diffusivity and solubility has been derived for isothermal processes not far from equilibrium. Well-known procedures for analyzing relaxing systems are used to obtain the above results, and the knowledge of how the internal order is related to the molecular properties is not required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290518
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    Mobilization of oil ganglia (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 854-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Following secondary recovery processes in conventional light oil reservoirs, more than half the original oil in place may remain trapped as a discontinuous phase. During the previous recovery processes these oil ganglia have been pinched off by capillary forces and remain immobile while the continuous phase which surrounds them is able to flow freely. Furthermore if a portion of this oil is mobilized in a tertiary recovery process the conditions required to apply Darcy's equation to the flow of either phase are violated. These are also problems which are encountered during in-situ recovery techniques in tar sands where the mobilization of the heavy oil occurs as a discontinuous phase. In this paper the relevant flow equations are derived. Also a parameter is deduced which directly determines the criterion for mobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290522
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    Prediction of heat transfer in turbulent falling liquid films with or without interfacial shear (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 903-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A unified approach is proposed for the prediction of heat transfer coefficients in turbulent falling films undergoing heating, evaporation or condensation for both of the cases with or without interfacial shear. A modified van Driest eddy viscosity model, which incorporated a damping factor f and takes into account the effect of variable shear stress, is used to predict the hydrodynamics of turbulent falling films. The calculated film thicknesses are in good agreement with the Nusselt-Brauer correlations for the non-sheared film and the Dukler prediction for highly sheared film. Also, by including a van Driest type turbulent Prandtl number model, the asymptotic heat transfer coefficients are accurately predicted and show better agreement with the extensive literature data and correlations than do most of the existing turbulence models proposed to date.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290605
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    Applicability of axial dispersion model to analyze mass transfer measurements in bubble columns (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 915-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The applicability of axial dispersion model (ADM) for the measurement of the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient (kLa) in bubble columns is discussed. It is shown that the misinterpretation of the concentration jump near the column inlet can lead to wrong conclusions regarding the mass transfer rates. It is further illustrated that some reported kLa dependencies on the superficial liquid velocity and the axial distance are resulted from the use of an incorrect model and can be rectified by an application of ADM. Finally, it is shown that ADM can be effectively used to calculate kLa a for: (a) highly viscous liquids, (b) in the presence of chemical reaction, (c) slurry reactors, and (d) the columns with different liquid inlet locations.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290607
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    Solution of stiff ordinary differential equations by decomposition and orthogonal collocation (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fast and accurate method was developed for the integration of large sparse systems of stiff initial value ordinary differential equations. The system is ordered, decoupled and, if necessary, torn into subsystems (also called blocks) which are then solved by orthogonal collocation on finite elements. The size of these elements, or steps, is different for each subsystem and is a function of the stiffness of the set of equations constituting the subsystem. The steps are overlapped for maximum computational efficiency.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280104
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  • 100
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    Reduction of thermodynamic data by means of the multiresponse maximum likelihood principle (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 20-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The statistical behavior of some common parameter estimation methods is investigated by simulation. The methods based on the maximum likelihood principle give the best estimates of parameters in a given model. An analysis of the possibilities for detecting systematic errors by means of the maximum likelihood method showed that this method gives at best the same information as other well known tests.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280105
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