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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 34 (1956), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Average logarithmic profiles of velocity as a function of the velocity on the surface of the Rhine are deduced and also values of the roughness length and the friction velocity («Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit»). From that the flow of the Rhine can be considered as a turbulent flow over a rough ground. The differences between the different sets of measurements and the average profile of velocity are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Des profils logarithmiques verticaux de la vitesse sont déduits en fonction de la vitesse superficielle du Rhin. En outre des valeurs sont données pour le paramètre de grossièreté et pour la vitesse de friction («Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit»). A cause de ces dates le courant du Rhin peut Être interprété comme un courant se déroulant sur une couche bosselée. Les variations des séries diverses de mesures (comparées au profil moyen) sont discutées.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus Geschwindigkeitsmessungen im Rhein werden mittlere vertikale logarithmische Geschwindigkeitsprofile für verschiedene Oberflächengeschwindigkeiten hergeleitet und daraus Werte für den Rauhigkeitsparameter und die Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit bestimmt. Danach kann die Strömung im Rhein als turbulente Strömung über einer rauhen Unterlage angesehen werden. Die Abweichungen einzelner Me\reihen von der mittleren Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in der Vertikalen werden diskutiert.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 35 (1956), S. 8-13 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Taking into account some recent results showing that the observations carried out with Worden gravimeters are influenced by temperature, a method of calibration has been followed which aims to neutralize both the effect of drift and to affort complete symmetry to every value observed.
    Abstract: Résumé En tenant compte de récents resultats qui montrent comme les lectures faites avec les gravimètres Worden soient influencées par la température, on a suivi pour l'étalonnage de ces gravimètres une méthode qui a le but outre que de neutralizer l'effet de la derive, d'assurer la complète symétrie aux valeurs observées.
    Notes: Riassunto Tenendo conto dei risultati di alcune recenti ricerche che mostrano come le letture fatte ai gravimetri Worden siano influenzate dalla temperatura, si è seguito un metodo di taratura che ha il duplice scopo di neutralizzare l'effetto della deriva e di trattare con la massima simmetria ogni singolo valore osservato.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 36 (1957), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Based on theoretical and experimental considerations about artificial radioactivated condensation nuclei of stuffs which crystallize mainly into the exagonal or pseudo-exagonal form, it is concluded that the alluminium oxide with quicksilver, when radioactivated, proved to be one of the most active condensation nuclei of the water vapor in the free atmosphere.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 36 (1957), S. 218-232 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird zum ersten Male ein Vergleich luftelektrischer Elemente in kernarmer Luft von etwa 50–1000 [KK/cm3] durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich, dass auch in diesem Bereich der Kernkonzentration die vereinfachte Wiedervereinigungsgleichung noch ihre Gültigkeit hat. Die Streuung der einzelnen Werte ist sehr gross. Die Gründe dieser Streuungen werden kurz erwähnt. Die Lösung der Wiedervereinigungsgleichung wird für den Fall kleiner Kernkonzentrationen in eine e-Funktion entwickelt. Eine genaue Aussage über den Absolutwert der Leifähigkeit kann auf Grund dieser Gleichung nicht gemacht werden. Diese Gleichung gibt über die Beziehung der Leitfähigkeitsänderung und der KernzahländerungdΛ/dZ=−κΛ Auskunft. Einige Tagesgänge der Monatsmittelwerte werden demonstriert.
    Notes: Summary For the first time comparisons are made in an atmosphere with a small number of condensation nuclei, between the content of condensation nuclei and atmospheric electrical elements. The simplified equation for the recombination is valid in this range of nuclei content too. The dispersion of single values is very great. The causes for this dispersions are briefly mentioned. The solution of the equation of recombination is evolved into an exponential function for the case of small nuclei content. An exact statement for the absolute value of conductivity cannot be given on the basis of this equation. This equation provides information on the relations of variations of conductivity and numbers of nuclei:dΛ/dZ=−κΛ. Some diurnal variations of the monthly means are demonstrated.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 16-20 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this note displacements and stresses produced in an infinite elastic solid by impulsive radial and twisting displacements applied to the inner surface of a spherical cavity have been determined.
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  • 6
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 55-78 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The tidal gravimetric factor due to the elastic yielding of the Earth has been determined by gravimetric measurements on Unst (Shetland Islands), extending over the time of one month. Its corrected value isG=1.205±0.03. The influence of applying different methods of harmonic analysis, and the effects of ambient temperature and pressures and of the sea tides on the gravimetric results are discussed. No significant difference inG for semi-diurnal and diurnal tides remains after the necessary corrections have been made. The amplitude of the semidiurnal load depression is about 2 cm and it is shown that the more distant North Atlantic tides have a greater effect than the regional tides near the Shetlands. An approximate calculation gives 4.3×1011 CGS-units as the mean rigidity of the part of the Earth's crust yielding to the maritime loading differences in this region.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary TheWiechert-Herglotz method to investigate seismically the Earth structure, is adapted for refraction prospecting. The case of a single layer bounded by a sloping interface is considered. The velocity is assumed to be an increasing function of depth within the layer and constant beneath. A general procedure of computation is outlined. Special formulae are given in addition for the case in which the dromochroneD 1 corresponding to disturbances propagated only through the layer are of parabolic shape. Table I was calculated using them and assuming an horizontal interface. It may be seen there that valuesh 1 of the layer thickness furnished by these formulae may become considerably greater than those based on D1 rectilinear. Computation ofh 1 may easily be performed by means of the same table.
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  • 8
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    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 79-89 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The automatically rotating and photographically recording Eötvös torsion balance, model E-54, is supplied with excellent torsion wires, built into a balance housing of quadruple wall with layers of air and carefully adjusted so that exterior temperature fluctuations do not influence the positions of equilibrium of the balances. The instrument is photographing upon the plate the scale and the reticle so that the positions of equilibrium of the balances may be read simply by means of a magnifying glass, without any measuring. The instrument is simultaneously photographing the numbers of the instrument and station upon the plate, thus the troubles caused by mistakes or faulty notes are eliminated. — A mechanical device accomplishes the exposure and sets aftewards the instrument in rotation. Actual sensitivity of the balances as to the gradient is 0.255×10−9 CGS=0.255 Eötvös-unit, as to the curvature=0.724 Eötvös-unit referred to one tenth of the scale division, Relaxation time of the balance is 40 minutes. This study proving with original photographs and the interpretation of the same the sensitivity and high reliability of the instrument.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 103-115 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The space between the earth and the ionosphere is considered as a wave-guide with sharply bounded walls. Employing a representation in terms of spherical wave functions of complex order, the field of a vertical dipole source is calculated for very low frequencies. It is shown that the dominant mode for 16 kc is of order one and not zero as has been commonly supposed. Good agreement is obtained with the experimental results ofJ. Heritage.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 37 (1957), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour évaluer l'isolement thermique des vases de Dewar, qui protègent les gravimètres employés au cours de l'expédition italienne au Karakorum (1954–55), on a mesuré les variations de température d'un corps générique et d'un des gravimètres, placés dans le vase de Dewar, quand la température extérieure restait constante, mais différente de la température initiale du corps placé à l'intérieure, ou bien était modifiée sinusoïdalement avec une période de 24 heures. Le refroidissement ou le chauffement dans l'ambiant à température constante suivent une loi sensiblement exponentielle. La variation sinusoïdale de la température extérieure provoque, après la phase transitoire, des variations sensiblement sinusoïdales de la température intérieure, avec une réduction de l'amplitude et un retard de phase. On a établi un rapport entre les constantes de temps qui règlent le comportement dans l'ambiant à température constante et les paramètres du régime sinusoïdal. Ce rapport est confirmé par les résultats expérimentaux et peut etre utilisé dans la pratique.
    Abstract: Riassunto Per valutare l'effetto isolante delle bocce di Dewar, che proteggono i gravimetri, usati nel corso della spedizione italiana al Karakorum (1954–55), si sono misurate le variazioni di temperatura di un corpo generico e quelle di un gravimetro, posti nell'interno di un vaso di Dewar, quando la temperatura esterna venga mantenuta costante ad un valore diverso da quella iniziale del corpo posto nell'interno, o venga fatta variare sinusoidalmente con periodo di 24 ore. Il riscaldamento od il raffreddamento in ambiente a temperatura costante risultano avvenire con legge sensibilmente esponenziale. La variazione sinusoidale della temperatura esterna produce, dopo la fase transitoria, variazioni sensibilmente sinusoidali di quella interna, con riduzione dell'ampiezza e ritardo di fase. Si è stabilita una relazione tra le costanti di tempo che regolano il comportamento in ambiente a temperatura costante e le caratteristiche del regime sinusoidale. Tale relazione è confermata dai risultati sperimentali e può essere utile in pratica.
    Notes: Summary In order to test the thermal insulation of the Dewar vessels containing the gravimeters used during the Italian Karakorum Expedition (1954–55), the variations of temperature of a generic body, and of one of the gravimeters were measured, when they are placed in a Dewar vessel and the external temperature is kept constant, but higher or lower then the initial one of the body, or is modified following a sinusoidal law, with a period of 24 hours. Heating and cooling behaviour results to follow nearly an exponential law. The sinusoidal variation of external temperature produces, after a transitory phase, nearly sinusoidal variations of the body temperature, with a reduced amplitude and a phase shift. An elementar calculation of the heat exchange processes leads to establish a simple relation between the time constants, on which heating and cooling depend, and the amplitude reduction and the phase shift. This relation is verified on the experimental results and can be used for practical purposes.
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