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  • Articles  (38,028)
  • 1985-1989  (27,193)
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  • 1988  (27,193)
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  • 1985-1989  (27,193)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CONCEPT OF SATELLITE ACCOUNT IN THE REVISED SNA (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Within the last two decades, national accountants wondered whether they were able to solve problems that in many respects were of the squaring the circle type: how could they embellish their representation of the economy without having their instrument grow heavier and less flexible? How could they elaborate synthetic frameworks in fields of collective concern that could both be specific and insure a dialogue with macroeconomics? How to keep consistent with the central framework and at the same time experiment with some freedom and flexibility. Satellite accounts are an answer to these questions. Much experience has been accumulated on satellite accounts in both national statistical offices and in international organisations. This paper provides a survey of this work. After an introduction (Part 1) devoted to stating the question, we try to propose a classification for the different types of satellite accounts (Part 2). Then we show their common characteristics (Part 3). However, this exercise would still remain abstract if we did not present samples of currently produced accounts. That is what we do in Part 4 with four examples. These examples have purposely been chosen in fields where many countries and international organizations have heavy investments, thus insuring the specific results will be obvious.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00578.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00579.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fiscal Privilege and Financial Assets: Some Distributional Effects (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00331.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personal Equity Plans: Success or Failure? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00330.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy Policy and the Role of the State in the Market for Energy (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00311.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition and Efficiency in Refuse Collection: A Reply (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00314.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONCEPTUAL INCONGRUITY IN THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is presented as a general contribution to discussions underway with respect to the revision of the SNA. The author argues that underlying premises in the current (1968) version of the SNA tend to favour quantitative aspects of production and that the treatment of certain financial items such as interest and valuation of inventory change have been compromised in regard to their effects on production.The need for alternative approaches to these components in the subaccounts of the SNA is emphasized, the rationale involved is explained and modifications to some of the subaccounts are proposed. The alternative approaches affect the boundaries of production and it is argued that the new boundaries would provide a more realistic representation of current values of gross domestic product. It is also noted that the modified production accounts are more compatible with the balance sheet subaccounts.The author shows that production subaccounts on input-output and productivity are based on the need for quantitative measures in analysing growth in the volume of goods and services produced and of productivity to determine efficiency of factor utilization. It is argued that the existing conceptual structure of these two subaccounts meet these needs and should be retained in their present form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00577.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FEATURES OF THE HIDDEN ECONOMY IN THE NETHERLANDS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents survey results on the size and structure of the hidden labour market in The Netherlands. According to the results total income from hidden work is at least 1 percent of national income. The hidden income is shared by more than one million participants (nearly 12 percent of the corresponding population). This result is lower than various other estimates of the magnitude of the hidden economy. Some definitional and methodological issues are discussed in order to explain the difference from the other estimates.The most notable results of the survey refer to the structure of the hidden labour market. At one end of this market are people with a high wage rate, working relatively few hours. They have the characteristics which given them a favourable position in the formal labour market. At the other end are people with low hidden wages, who work more hours. They have difficulty in finding a formal job. The income from hidden labour is distributed in very much the same way as income from formal activities. There is no evidence that the hidden labour market compensates those who are worse off in the formal economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00570.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LINKAGES BETWEEN MACRO AND MICRO BUSINESS ACCOUNTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC MEASUREMENT (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper shows the relationship between microbusiness accounting based on double-entry bookkeeping and macroeconomic accounting based on quadruple-entry bookkeeping. In order for microaccounts to successfully aggregate into macroaccounts (i.e. preserve macro/micro linkages), quadruple-entry bookkeeping requires that the traditional double entries, recorded by transacting microbusiness units, be “consistent” with each other. In fact national economic accounting implicitly assumes that such consistency is maintained when national “aggregates” are uniquely extracted from national accounts and when national “identities” are claimed to hold true.The main purpose of the paper is to show important examples where quadruple-entry consistency is not satisfied. These examples typically involve “complex” economic transactions between business units in which the legal form of the transactions do not necessarily represent their economic substance. When this occurs, different business units have genuinely divergent conceptions and perceptions with respect to their mutual economic transactions. Therefore, microbusiness accounts cannot be successfully aggregated into macroeconomic accounts without violating the integrity of microdecision making records.The conclusion of the paper introduces a new theory called Perpetual Imbalanced Accounting. The theory shows that inconsistent (or imbalanced) economic accounting does tend to become consistent (or balanced) over sufficiently long time periods. Therefore, we must adopt a more dynamic view of national accounting if we desire to preserve successful macro/micro linkages. However, the problems of imbalanced macroaccounting and its statistical consequences cannot be entirely avoided no matter how long the accounting time period is taken. All of the above have important implications for the revision of the United Nations System of National Accounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00573.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should UK Local Government be Financed by a Poll Tax? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00309.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consequences of the Abolition of the Inner London Education Authority (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00326.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulating the Electricity Supply Industry (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00327.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macro-economic Aspects of the 1988 Budget (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00315.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 1988 Budget and the MTFS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00316.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Outlook after the Budget (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00317.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tax Treatment of Marriage: What has the Chancellor Really Achieved? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00319.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Real Value of Company Accounts (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00308.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1992: Issues in Indirect Taxation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00329.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Will the 1988 Income Tax Cuts Either Increase Work Incentives or Raise More Revenue? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00333.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Well is BT Performing? An International Comparison of Telecommunications Total Factor Productivity (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00325.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 1988 Budget and the Structure of Personal Taxation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1988.tb00318.x
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PROTOTYPE MICRO-MACRO LINK FOR THE CANADIAN HOUSEHOLD SECTOR (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper seeks to forge a link between Canadian macro and micro data relating to the household sector. The analysis is in three parts. The first part begins with National Accounts data on the personal sector. These data are adjusted to remove transactions relating to non-biological persons, so that the result is income and expenditure for the household sub-sector. The second part starts with the annual household survey used to collect income distribution data. These survey data are augmented in various ways to account for under-reporting and to add information from other micro data sets particularly the periodic survey of household expenditure patterns and a sample of individual income tax returns. The result is a comprehensive, albeit partially synthetic, household micro data set. In the final part of the paper these two largely independent data sets are compared, and the general quality of the results is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00576.x
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE POVERTY GAP IN CANADA: A MICRO ANALYSIS OF VARIATIONS AMONG DEMOGRAPHIC GROUPS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Poverty is a much used term by politicians, economists, sociologists, the media and interest groups. Although there is some common consensus that the word poverty means some type of deprivation, there is a lack of comprehensive measures to quantify this term. Although deprivation can relate to a number of areas such as health and education, the focus in policy development has been aimed at economic deprivation or more specifically, income adequacy. Even in this perspective, the availability of comprehensive measures are limited. The United States is the only major industrial nation that has an official poverty line. Several unofficial poverty lines have been developed in Canada, but the poverty measures have not gone beyond head counts of people who fall below these lines. In an environment where the goal is to further progressive social development constrained by inadequate public resources, the emphasis has been on first directing scarce resources to those “most in need”. To get a better perception of economic need, this paper provides a micro analysis of the size and distribution of the poverty gap so that meaningful comparisons can be made between demographic groups. The results of this analysis yield some interesting findings. For example, there are virtually no poor elderly couples and although there are a large number of poor single elderly, their income shortfalls are relatively small and are highly concentrated near the poverty line; the poverty rate among families with children is quite low but their incomes on average fall well below the poverty line and are widely dispersed; and single parents fare badly on all measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00571.x
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INEQUALITY OF WEALTH I N BRITAIN'S NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELATIVELY POOR (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents original estimates of the distribution of personal wealth in Nova Scotia, Canada in 1871 using the estate multiplier technique and discusses the sensitivity of estimates of the wealth distribution to the assumed wealth holdings of non-probated decedents. We examine, in particular, the implications of assuming: (1) that non-probated decedents had zero wealth, (2) that the wealth distribution was quasi-Paretian (with parameters that can be estimated from the distribution of wealth of probated decedents) or (3) that the wealth distribution had the form assumed by A. H. Jones in her analysis of wealth inequality in the Thirteen Colonies in 1774. We conclude that it is unlikely that large estates escaped the probate process in Nova Scotia, but it is also unlikely that all non-probated decedents had equal wealth-thus our “best guess” is that the wealth distribution of non-probated decedents was quasi-Paretian. However, a methodology similar to Jones' would have implied considerably less measured inequality in the wealth distribution and greater average wealth in 1871– and would therefore have altered our perception of long term trends in the distribution of wealth and in the rate of accumulation of wealth. The measurement of wealth inequality in a society with a significant slave population, such as the thirteen colonies in 1774, is also highly sensitive to the treatment of slavery. Our preferred estimates of wealth inequality in Nova Scotia in 1871 and in the Thirteen Colonies in 1774 indicate a much higher inequality in the distribution of personal wealth than exists today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00565.x
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A NEW SET OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF REAL PRODUCT AND PRICE LEVELS ESTIMATES FOR 130 COUNTRIES, 1950–1985 (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A new set of international comparisons covering the period 1950–85 is developed here for 121 market and 9 centrally planned economies. This new so-called Penn World Table (Mark 4), a completely revised and updated expansion of an equivalent table published by the authors in 1984, draws on the data of two previously unavailable international comparison benchmark studies. This article presents a detailed description of all estimation procedures, and excerpts from the overall DATA TABLE covering two years, 1980 and 1985. Three computer diskettes accompanying this article (and also available from the authors) contain the complete 36–year, 60,000 entry DATA TABLE in a form that economizes on scarce journal space and is immediately machine-readable. For the 121 market economies, the DATA TABLE gives annually, in addition to population and exchange rates, real product and price level estimates for four different national income concepts, and for the major subaggregates, consumption, investment, and government. Only population and real gross domestic product estimates are given for the nine centrally planned economies, however.This new table is one more step toward the goal of establishing a new worldwide System of Real National Accounts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00558.x
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  • 26
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    A SYNOPTIC STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The next UN System of National Accounts (SNA) should have two basic characteristics. First, it has to be a modulary system. Its core is an institutional system without imputations and attributions. Next to that there are several modules. By means of imputations and attributions they transform the core into alternative systems. Second, it has to be an integrated meso-system. There is a need for a more detailed breakdown of households and enterprises than the present SNA provides. At the same time a description of all interrelations between activities and sectors is necessary. This requires a linkage between input-output tables and sector accounts at a detailed level. The paper shows the synoptic structure of such a system. The heart of this structure is the three-dimensional generation of value added table. It shows not only how much of each component of value added is generated by the establishments in each activity, but it also provides the breakdown of each of these cells according to the sector of the enterprise to which the establishments belong. The paper shows how the synoptic Structure clarifies the delineation of imputations and attributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00560.x
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  • 27
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    MEASURING WEALTH WITH SURVEY DATA: AN EVALUATION OF THE 1983 SURVEY OF CONSUMER FINANCES (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Because wealth estimates from survey data have usually fallen substantially short of independent aggregate estimates, survey data have not been seen as adequate for assessing questions dependent on a good representation of the entire distribution of wealth, such as estimates of wealth concentration. The 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), which contains a supplementary sample of very high income households drawn from a tax-file sample frame, is the first U.S. survey since the 1963 Survey of Financial Characteristics of Consumers that offers hope of accurately measuring the entire wealth distribution. In this paper, we discuss the design of the survey, the critical issue of proper weighting to merge the supplementary sample with an area probability sample, and the role of imputation. We show that the use of ordinary area probability samples alone leads to probable bias in the measurement of highly concentrated assets such as stocks and bonds. We compare the SCF data with aggregates derived from the flow-of-funds accounts of the Federal Reserve Board. While methodological issues cloud exact comparisons, it appears overall that the SCF estimates are at least as credible as other aggregate measurements. Finally, we use the data to assess the change in concentration of wealth from 1963 to 1983. We estimate that the concentration of wealth in terms of households did not change significantly over this period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00575.x
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  • 28
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    MICRO-MACRO LINK FOR GOVERNMENT (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the Dutch statistics on government finance a micro/macro link is established. The paper describes why and how this has been done. It appears to be of relevance to the users of the statistics to present two different data sets: one according to an accounting/administrative point of view and one fitting in the National Accounts. The main features of the way in which these data sets are derived from the underlying bookkeeping documents are given and it is shown how they relate to the accounting and juridical structures of the various government agencies. It appears that in order to arrive at homogeneous data sets, adaptations are in order, mainly bearing on the entries; for the National Account data further transformations, relating to transactions as well as transactors, will appear necessary. It will be enunciated how the relation between these data sets is shown in the statistics on government finance and how, in the same course a micro/macro link is provided for.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00572.x
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  • 29
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    EQUIVALENCE SCALES, WELL-BEING, INEQUALITY, AND POVERTY: SENSITIVITY ESTIMATES ACROSS TEN COUNTRIES USING THE LUXEMBOURG INCOME STUDY (LIS) DATABASE (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) database on which this article is based offers researchers exciting new possibilities for international comparisons based on household income microdata. Among the choices the LIS microdata allows a researcher, e.g. income definition, income accounting unit, etc., is the choice of family equivalence scale, a method for estimating economic well-being by adjusting income for measurable differences in need.The range of potential equivalence scales that can and are being used in the ten LIS countries and elsewhere to adjust incomes for size and related differences in need span a wide spectrum. The purpose of this paper is to review the available equivalence scales and to test the sensitivity of various income inequality and poverty measures to choice of equivalence scale using the LIS database. The results of our analysis indicate that choice of equivalence scale can sometimes systematically affect absolute and relative levels of poverty; and inequality and therefore rankings of countries (or population subgroups within countries). Because of these sensitivities, one must carefully consider summary statements and policy implications derived from cross-national comparisons of poverty and/or inequality.
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    A SPECIFICATION SEPARATING FAMILY SIZE AND INDIVIDUAL AGE EFFECTS ON SUBJECTIVE EQUIVALENCE SCALES: A NOTE (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyses the Kapteyn and Van Praag method of estimating equivalence scales with respect to the way family size and age composition are incorporated into the scales according to rank and age of each family member. It becomes evident that the Kapteyn/Van Praag procedure fails to distinguish between household size and individual age effects with the result that personal weights can not be used for recomposition of household types other than wife and husband families, nor can they be interpreted as showing real age dependence of personal income equivalence. For these reasons another specification of the general approach, separating both effects, is outlined. This specification distinguishes between several consumption classes within each household. Within each class, economies of scale are attached to similar individuals while differences in individual need are obtained by comparing individuals with the same rank in the different classes.
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    Announcements (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Reforming National Insurance Contributions (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Top-Rate Tax Cuts and Incentives: Some Empirical Evidence (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The 1988 Social Security Reforms (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Financial Volatility, the Stock Market Crash and Corporate Investment (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Corporation Tax: The Effect of the 1984 Reforms on the Incentive to Invest (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    Competition and Efficiency in Refuse Collection: A Critical Comment (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    HOMEMAKER PENSIONS AND LIFETIME REDISTRIBUTION (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There has been considerable public debate in Canada on the merits of proposals to extend coverage under the public earnings-related pension system (the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans or C/QPP) to homemakers. This paper presents an analysis of one such proposal put forward by a Parliamentary Committee in 1983. The analysis considers both the likely costs and the redistributional impact of this homemaker pension proposal, based on a Monte Carlo lifecycle microsimulation model. The main results are first that the proposal tends to be mildly redistributive from higher to lower lifetime income groups. Secondly, the proposal is of not as much benefit to women as might be expected-it is almost equal in value to men and women. This later conclusion is the result of the fact that the homemaker pension provision was part of a package tl at also included splitting of pension credits accrued during marriage.
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    Announcement (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    THE MACROECONOMIC ESTIMATES OF THE HIDDEN ECONOMY: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    REAL PRODUCT AND PRICE COMPARISONS BETWEEN LATIN AMERICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this article is to add 12 Latin American countries to the Phase III of the United National International Comparisons Project (ICP). The data for Latin America was obtained through ECIEL. It has been demonstrated that the exchange rates do not usually reflect the relative purchasing power of currencies. When low-income countries are compared to higher income countries the exchange rate conversion tends to understate the relative income of the lower income countries. This is true for the total GDP and even more so for the GDP components. In per capita terms it is found that for low income countries their income is more than twice as great as is indicated by the exchange rate conversion.
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    THE NIGHTMARE OF ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS IN A SMALL COUNTRY WITH A LARGE INTERNATIONAL BANKING SECTOR (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    NEW ESTIMATES OF SWEDISH HISTORICAL GDP SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The first Swedish historical national accounts were compiled in the 1930s, and that pioneering work formed the main basis for later estimates until now. In this paper, an attempt to construct new historical accounts for 1800–1980 is presented. First, the methodology is discussed, particularly concerning series in constant prices adapted for analysis of growth and structural changes. In principle Paasche deflators should be used, but for such a long period they are inadequate due to the huge changes in the goods composition of production as well as of consumption and investment. Instead, a division of the whole period into shorter subperiods is made and within these, Paasche deflators are applied. Then the series for the deflation periods can be linked in order to arrive at longer series. Second, some findings of the work (still in progress) are reported. The new series show a slower growth rate in the second half of the nineteenth century than the earlier ones, and Sweden can internationally no longer be seen as the country where this period's economic miracle took place. Instead, concerning rate of growth of GDP per capita as well as its level, Sweden seems to have been a middle-way country compared to other European countries. In the first half of the 20th century, on the other hand, the growth rate was high in an international comparison. The Swedish sectoral changes followed a general pattern with decreasing agricultural and increasing industrial shares. The service share was not unusually high in the nineteenth century. Within this service production a very distinct pattern of structural change is evident. Finally, a plea is made for a regional breakdown of the national GDP data in order to obtain a better understanding of the economic growth and modernization process.
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    GUIDELINES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 34 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The increasing number of countries for which a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) has been compiled testifies to the usefulness of this integrated data framework. Considerable resources are always involved in the construction of a SAM, for it provides a comprehensive description of an economy with emphasis on distributive aspects. This means that, unlike other data systems, incomes and expenditures of several categories of households and their relation to the production structure, the balance of payments and transactions by other institutions are shown.However, apart from this minimum requirement, no standardized concepts and guidelines for SAM construction are as yet available. Although a SAM should stay as close as possible to the specific (institutional) reality of the economy it describes, some general remarks as to its design and compilation are in order. This paper represents a first attempt in that direction. After a general introduction to SAMs, each stage of the construction process is reviewed in turn.The construction process begins with the overall design of the system and various options are discussed. This section includes a schematic representation of a fairly extensive SAM. Next, the sources for the SAM need to be identified, and a provisional checklist is given here. After an overview of considerations regarding the choice of a reference year, the topic of classification in the SAM is reviewed in detail. Finally, the paper describes how the different data sets might be integrated and reconciled for consistency.The guidelines may also aid in designing a time schedule and in organizing the work when constructing a SAM.
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    Privatisation of the British Steel Corporation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The New Pension Scheme in Britain (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    Tax-based Incomes Policies: Will they Work? Have they Worked? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    Partially Transferable Allowances (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fiscal studies 9 (1988), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Trends and developments in industrial relations law The Employment Act 1988 (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: An outline of the provisions of the latest step in the government's ‘step-by-step’ approach to control of union power
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    Working-time reductions: a survey of the Australian experience (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Since the mid-1970s Australian trade unions have conducted a concerted campaign to reduce standard working hours. Part of the logic behind this was to increase employment opportunities for those currently unemployed. This article reviews the economic and industrial relations implications of that campaign by reference to the major studies undertaken in this area and compares them with those from other countries.
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    Leaner and possibly fitter: the management of redundancy in Britain (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Economic recession has heralded massive job losses in recent years but it is not just financial expediency that has been driving firms’ redundancy programmes. Redundancy has also been a precursor of management attempts to promote the productivity and flexibility of the remaining workforce, enabling many firms to emerge both ‘leaner and fitter’ from the recession.
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    In this issue (1988)
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    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    In this issue (1988)
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    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
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    Why profit related pay will fail (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here the author discusses the concept of profit related pay and assesses the practical implications of recent measures to promote this method of payment in Britain through tax relief. The new initiative, it is argued, is unsound in concept and design and unlikely to meet stated objectives.
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    Ideology or pragmatism? trade union education in France and Britain (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Trade union education–a significant area of trade union activity – has been characterised by a tension between the desire to provide a certain ideological, economic and political perspective and the need to develop pragmatic bargaining skills. This comparative study examines the differing ways in which trade union education has developed in France and Britain.
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    Pendulum arbitration: a modest experiment (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The annual round of the settlement of disputed transfer fees gave an opportunity for a modest attempt to access the impact of pendulum arbitration, Previous years had clearly indicated the centrifugal impact of arbitration. It appears that pendulum arbitration improves this but at the expense of one side: the club losing the player.
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    Comment: ‘The causes of coal-mine accidents’, worker autonomy, and the myth of the small firm (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here Steve Tombs discusses an article pulished in this Journal (Vol 18 No 1 Spring 1987)–his comments are followed by the author's response
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    NHS ancillary services and competitive tendering (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Competitive tendering for NHS ancillary services has significantly increased the role of market factors in influencing locally-determined employment conditions. It has also provided an opportunity for increased managerial control. The employment and industrial relations consequences of these changes are considered in the context of two case studies.
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    Moving the status quo: the growth of trade union political funds[] (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the compulsory review ballots on trade union political funds all 38 unions voted overwhelmingly for their retention. Since then 17 unions have adopted a political fund for the first time. This article analyses the reasons for this and examines the position of trade unions which have decided against balloting.
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    Book reviews (1988)
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    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Capitalist Revolution: Fifty Propositions about Prosperity, Equality, and Liberty Peter Berger Conflict at Work P. K. Edwardsi The Politics of De-Industrialisation The Contraction of the West European Shipbuilding Industry Bo Stråth Croom Helm Sociology, Work and Industry Tony J. Watson Routledge and Kegan Paul Coal on the Market: Can British Coal Survive Privatisation? The Politics of PrivatisationKate Ascher Macmillan Education
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    The impact of trade unionism and the market in a regional newspaper (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Initiatives by a regional newspaper to affect changes in work organisation are analysed in terms of the changing market for newspapers and the constraint of the power of the NGA. An incremental strategy has achieved managerial goals without the exclusion of the NGA from its representative role.
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    Trends and developments in industrial relations law Industrial tribunals-what next? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here the author outlines recent proposals for reform of the industrial tribunal system and analyses the dilemmas and differences amongst proponents of reform.
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    The problem of riches: from trade boards to a national minimum wage (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article explores why, despite repeated shifts in the attitude of friends and enemies alike, wages councils (formerly trade boards) have survived for over seventy years. It examines their value and limitations, and considers the need for more wide-ranging regulation to tackle the problem of poverty wages in the midst of affluence.
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    Falling through the net: employment change and worker protection (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Employment change in Britain highlights the limitations of collective bargaining and exposes the myth of protection afforded by ‘universal’ legal rights. This article explores the changes and these limitations, addressing the question of how protection might be extended to those workers currently ‘falling through the net’, in particular what is required of the trade unions.
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    Book reviews (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Conflict and Order: the Police and Labour Disputes in England and Wales 1900–1939 Jane Morgan Strikes in Essential Services Gillian S. Morris Mansell Policing Industrial Disputes: 1893–1985 Roger Geary Taking Japan Seriously: a Confucian Perspective on Leading Economic Issues Ronald Dore Management Reforms in China Edited Malcolm Warner Frances Pinter Managing Labour? Essays in the Political Economy of Australian Industrial Relations Mark Bray and Vic Taylor Marginal Manager: The Changing Role of Supervisors in Australia Peter Gilmour and Russell D. Lansbury Comparative Factory Organisation: An Anglo-German Comparison of Management and Manpower in Manufacturing Arndt Sorge and Malcolm Warner Gower
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    The Japanese at work: illusions of the ideal (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Five aspects of Japanese organisational practice are commonly cited as factors in the Japanese ‘economic miracle’. While these are often used to illustrate the human-centred philosophy of Japanese management, closer scrutiny reveals that these ‘ideal’ working practices are rooted in various culturally-dependent, coercive techniques which may be unsuitable for Britain.
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    The who, why and where of Japanese manufacturing investment in the UK (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyses the recent growth of Japanese manufacturing investment in the UK, focusing upon the type of companies that are being created.
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    Japanisation as mythology (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Manufacturing management texts describe ‘just-in-time’ production as an innovative paradigm for manufacturing control, originally developed in Japan, which when implemented by Western companies will enable them to remain internationally competitive. This article describes how manufacturing techniques observed in Japan have been radically modified to suit Western organisations, and discusses the significance of continuing to describe them as ‘Japanese’.
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    Regional Marginal Costs and Cost Savings from Economies of Scale in Municipal Waste Treatment: An Application to the Chesapeake Bay Region (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Marginal costs of removing effluent from waste treatment facilities are defined under different assumptions about regulatory policies. Marginal costs are different under a policy of uniform treatment for all plants compared to a least-cost policy, where different plants treat at different levels. The cost savings under these alternative policies are compared for river basins of the Chesapeake Bay when there are economies of scale in treatment costs. Current regulations for treatment plants in the Bay, which are not entirely uniform, are also compared to both the uniform and least-cost solutions. The potential savings from a least-cost policy are substantial for some basins.
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    The Spatial Impact of Reaganomics: A Test of Six Models (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent analyses of the Reagan budget reallocations suggest that the spatial distribution of public expenditures among the American states have undergone a major change. What remains unclear, however, is why the Reagan budget reallocations generated these clearly defined spatial effects. In trying to answer this question, we identify five explanations of the spatial impacts, explanations focusing on electoral, partisan, wealth, urban-rural, and expenditure base effects. Along with controls for regional effects, these explanations are tested by OLS regression analysis of data on the state allocations of federal expenditures from the last Carter to the first Reagan budgets.
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    Changing Patterns of Migration and Regional Economic Growth in the U.S.: A Demographic Perspective (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: During the 1970s and early 1980s, the South and West Census regions accounted for over 90 percent of incremental national population, which was easily the highest percentage accounted for by these regions in the nation's history. This paper stresses the importance of powerful demographic forces that contributed to the regional shift, but it does not ignore important economic factors. A major theme of the paper is that because the baby boom has now largely matured out of the most mobile age classes, population and employment growth differentials that strongly favored the South and West will moderate in the future.
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    The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Business Location in the United States (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This article empirically examines whether variations in state environmental regulations have affected the location of manufacturing branch plants by the Fortune 500 companies. Using several measures of environmental regulation, no statistically significant effects of environmental regulation on business location are found. For most manufacturing industries, the estimates are precise enough to rule out the possibility of large effects of environmental regulation on business location. For highly polluting industries, however, the variance in the estimates is quite large. We cannot rule out the possibility of effects of environmental regulation on the location of highly polluting industries that are large enough to be important to policymakers.
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    Effects of Transfers on Remote Regional Economies: The Transfer Economy in Rural Alaska (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: In this paper we examine the effects of transfers on the economies of remote regions. A model which describes the consequences of different types of transfers on settlement patterns is developed. The growth of the transfer economy in rural Alaska and its effect on population and income is reviewed. We find that transfer programs in remote regions may have consequences far broader than their original intent. While the programs may improve the standard of living for regional residents, they may also lead to inefficient settlement patterns, increasing dependence on transfers, and a higher cost of eventual adjustment.
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    THE CORPORATE ROLE OF LARGE METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE UNITED STATES (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This study has three purposes. The first is to determine, for the 30 largest U.S. metropolitan areas in 1980. the relationship among population size, the number of major corporations headquartered in these centers, and the number of subsidiaries located there. The expectation is that there will be positive relationships in all cases. Second, this study, based on variations in the relationships examined above, sets forth a corporate classification of the 30 metropolitan areas and identifies common characteristics and locations among six categories of centers. Finally, using the six-fold classification of centers, metropolitan employment growth between 1980 and 1986 is analyzed, especially job growth in services and in finance, insurance, and real estate (FIRE). The six-fold classification proves useful in understanding employment growth in these 30 centers during the 1980s and, with modifications, perhaps beyond.
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    Book Reviews (1988)
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    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Changing Commodity Regulation Jerry W. Markham, The History of Commodity Futures Trading and Its Regulation. Sitte and Cities George R. Collins and Christine Crasemann Collins, Camillo Sitte: The Birth of Modern City Planning with a Translation of the 1889 Austrian Edition of his City Planning According to Artistic Principles. Suburbs Here and Abroad Donald N. Rothblatt and Daniel J. Garr, Suburbia, an Znternutional Assessment. New Approaches to Development Inderjit Singh, Lyn Squire, and John Strauss, eds. Is the U.S. Economy All Right? F. Stevens Redburn, Terry F. Buss, and Larry C. Ledebur, eds. Revitalizing the U.S. Economy. A Success Story John R. Westley, Agriculture and Equitable Growth Mathematical Land Rent Models James B. Kau, C.F. Lee, and C.F. Sirmans, Urban Econometrics: A Wealth of Valuable Information F. Larry Leistritz and Brenda L. Ekstrom, Social Impact Assessment and Management
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    Economic Heterogeneity Within Large Metropolitan Areas (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Recent research has indicated that individual income distribution in the United States has tended toward greater inequality in recent years. Hypotheses are presented on the expected effect of that trend on suburban municipalities within large metropolitan areas. One major expectation is that the distribution of per capita incomes among the municipalities will be found to bifurcate. A methodology that rests on a graphical depiction of income and a revision of the famous Pearson plane is used to identify trends. Results indicate that the long term trend (at least since 1960) toward income homogeneity came to a halt by 1979 and began to reverse itself in the early 1980s, although bimodal distributions of income are not yet (1983) in evidence. Rapidly growing and rich communities are tending toward greater internal income homogeneity.
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    Human Capital Stock and Flow and Economic Growth Analysis: Note (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Human capital is becoming recognized as an increasingly important factor in rural economic development. Economic research, however, has not provided clear empirical support of the relationship between human capital investment and economic growth. This paper applies stock and flow concepts to human capital and suggests an operational approach for applying stock and flow concepts to the analysis of the impact of human capital investments through education on economic growth.
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    Book Reviews (1988)
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    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Vintage Wine James M . Buchanan, Liberty, Market and State: New Trade Outlook James J. Emery, Norman A. Graham, and Michael F. Oppenheimer An Interdisciplinary Approach Allan Schnaiberg, Nicolas Watts, and Klaus Zimmermann, eds. Small-Scale Farming Gerald G. Marten, ed. Traditional Agriculture in Southeast Asia: A Human Ecology Perspective. Technological Advancement Nathan Rosenberg and Claudio Frischtak, eds. Dividing up the Oil Walter J. Mead, Asbjorn Moseidjord, Dennis D. Muraoka, and Philip E. Sorensen A Substantial Work Herman Van der Wee, Prosperity and Upheaval: The World Economy 1945-1980. Development: Red, Blue, or Green? Herb Addo, et al. eds., Development as Social Transformation: Reflections on the Global Problematique. The European Experience Graham Hall, ed., European Industrial Policy. Urban Homesteading David P. Varady, Neighborhood Upgrading Assessment and Future Directions Martin Fransman, Technology and Economic Development. Technology, Economics, Energy Norman K. Whittlesey, ed., Energy and Water Management in Western Irrigated Agriculture. Israeli Enigma S.N. Eisenstadt, The Transformation of Israeli Society: An Essay in Interpretation.
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    Workplace democracy in Bulgaria: from subordination to partnership in industrial relations (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Bulgaria has for many years been an innovator in industrial relations. Its new labour code, as a model of industrial democracy, has few parallels in market or even other central planned economies. Here the authors trace the ideological, social and political background to the new code which has been seen as an instrument of radical social change.
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    Trends and developments in industrial relations: Derecognising trade unions: implications and consequences (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There is now some evidence of the beginnings of a trend towards derecognition. In this article the Editor discusses the implications and consequences for trade unions and collective bargaining should such a development become widespread.
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    Consultation, conciliation and politics in the British coal industry (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here the author analyses British Coal's strategy for the institutionalisation of the proposed conciliation scheme formulated to take into account the emergence of the UDM. NUM/UDM relations since 1985 are also examined as are British Coal's policies towards the two.
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    Book reviews (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Engineers in Britain: A Sociological Study of the Engineering Dimension, Ian Glover Michael P. Kelly The Management of Collective Bargaining: An International Comparison, Keith Sisson Redundancy and Recession Christopher C. Harris The Human Side of Advanced Manufacturing Technology T. Wall, C. Clegg and N. Kemp American Technology and the British Vehicle Industry Wayne Lewchuk
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    Strikes in Scotland (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Historically Scotland has been seen as more strike prone than the UK although changes have taken place in recent years. This article looks at strike trends between 1965 and 1985 and examines a number of possible explanations for them.
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    Comment Did PATCO really lead to the British miners’ strike? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here Herbert Northrup Duncan Campbell discuss an article published in this Journal (Vol 17 No 2 Summer 1986)-the author subsequently responds to their comments.
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    In this issue (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
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    The Japanisation of British industry? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article seeks to clarify the meaning of ‘Japanisation’ in the British economic context, and distinguishes at least three variants: direct, mediated and permeated or full. It is argued that a more satisfactory analysis needs to take account of the interrelationships between economic structures, economic systems, organisational units and employment practices.
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    Corporate power and the local economy (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article examines Nissan in Sunderland as the model for ‘Japanisation’. It is addressed in terms of Nissan's relations with the central and local state, of the company's control over its physical environment, and suppliers, and of the company's policy towards the management of human resources.
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    State and Local Government Finances: Was There a Structural Break in the Reagan Years? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Reagan administration's “New Federalism” and tax reform proposals were expected to have chilling effects on growth of state and local government revenues and expenditures. This paper examines the hypothesis that there was a structural break in state and local government fiscal behavior in the 1980s. Although the evidence is far from conclusive, it does suggest some different fiscal patterns in this decade. However, the real structural break appears to have occurred in the late 1970s and these trends have continued during the Reagan years.
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    Industrial Development Groups, Organizational Resources, and the Prospects for Effecting Growth in Local Economies (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Using data from a survey of directors of not-for-profit industrial development groups in the United States and from a variety of secondary sources, we test the hypothesis that the presence of an active industrial development group was a significant factor in the economic growth of its service area over the 1977-to-1982 period. The data permit us to control for different levels of organizational resources among growth promotion groups as well as other traditional factors of local economic change in a regression analysis. While growth promotion groups are judged to be effective in terms of the number of jobs that are created or preserved relative to their direct expenditures of resources, neither their presence nor the levels of their organizational resources are significantly related to service area net employment change. The efforts of growth promotion groups are simply overwhelmed in importance by factors such as population size, metropolitan accessibility, location in a growth region, and manufacturing wage rates that characterize the respective service areas.
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    The Spatial Urban Hierarchy in Turkey: Its Structure and Some of Its Determinants (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper gives a detailed description of the Turkish spatial hierarchy, tests certain aspects of the central place theory, and identifies the principles by which the hierarchy is organized.From the results of a country-wide survey, a seven-level hierarchy is identified. The system does not conform to any of the pure theoretical networks. The number of lower order satellites per center and the sizes and populations of the nested tributary areas vary both vertically and horizontally-that is, both across and within levels in the hierarchy. The spreads around the means of center sizes in each level and the populations and sizes of tributary areas are too great to permit unequivocal statements about typical magnitudes of the variates. The trade areas of centers consist mostly of monopolistic zones of influence showing the effects of a centralized administrative system especially at the second and third levels of the hierarchy.Regression analysis reveals that different factors operate at different levels and with varying intensities in ordering the structure of the system with no one factor being predominant. Income per capita, the density of the road network, the nature of the terrain, the degree of spatial mobility, the structure of economic activity in rural areas, and the distribution of labor force by type of activity emerge as ordering the frequency of centers and the sizes of their nested tributary areas. The regression analysis also reveals that the hypothesized positive relationship between center size and complementary area population, although holding at the second and third order levels, breaks down at the first order, suggesting that first order centers are quasi-central places, with primary activities as the dominant mode of their economies. These centers appear to serve themselves principally, and only secondarily their hinterlands. Possibly this results from a lack of connectivity with the settlements in their tributary areas.
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    Real Wages and Unemployment in Local Labor Markets: Pennsylvania MSAs, 1975-86 (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper specifies an unemployment rate model with relatively long lags on the manufacturing real wage and the level of real GNP as the independent variables. Estimates of the model for 12 MSAs in Pennsylvania over the period from 1975:2 to 1986:4 generally indicate a fairly strong positive unemployment response to lagged real wages. This is consistent with theoretical models of the labor market that hypothesize strong real wage effects during periods of aggregate supply shocks. The unique characteristics of the time period under study and the disaggregation to local labor markets might account for the fact that, in contrast to many previous empirical studies, we are able to uncover evidence of a positive real wage-unemployment relationship in U.S. time series data.
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    Impacts of Air Pollution Control Strategies in Kentucky (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impacts of air pollution control strategies for one state, Kentucky, on its own economy. Effects of the Clean Air Act are estimated, but the emphasis is on scenarios for compliance with pending acid rain legislation. The most restrictive scenario involves a 478,000 ton per year reduction in SO2. Based on elasticity and engineering estimates, we project shifts from high-sulfur Western Kentucky coal to low-sulfur Eastern Kentucky coal, higher electric utility rates and manufacturing costs, and lower manufacturing employment. Impacts are always less than 6 percent of 1985 levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00468.x
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  • 93
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    Migration Regions and Population Redistribution (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Cross and net migration flows among the states for 1975-80 were used to define migration regions, or groups of states with similar patterns of net interchange. This typology may be characterized as a transition from a northeastern “core” which lost to all other regions to a northwestern “periphery” which gained from all other regions. Florida and California were found to have an important role in redistributing population. The typology was also valid for all age groups and across racial and ethnic categories. The typology remained meaningful when the 1975-80 data were compared to 1965-70 and 1980-85 data, despite great volatility in net migration and significant change in the placement of many states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00461.x
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  • 94
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    Urban Water Demand Estimates Under Increasing Block Rates (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A residential water demand equation is estimated using the only data set on water consumption that contains time series (monthly) observations on individual customers facing an increasing block rate schedule. Because the price of water both determines, and is determined by, usage, ordinary least squares estimation will yield biased estimates. Thus, two-stage least squares and instrumental variables techniques are used. The estimated coefficients on lawn size, weather, house size, and income have the expected signs and are statistically significant. However, there is not any significant response to changes in water price, perhaps due to the relatively low cost of water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00458.x
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  • 95
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    Regional Population Growth Rate Differences: Note (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This note investigates regional population growth in the U.S. for 1959-84, taking into account four city sizes and three time periods. It is found that the growth is largest in city size (0.5 - 1.0) million and (1.0 - 2.0) million. Over time, the growth is largest in the less urbanized regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00463.x
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  • 96
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    The Japanisation of British industry? Instances from a high growth area (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Here the authors make two arguments, Japanese industry is characterised by distinctive practices, but these predominate in only certain ‘leading edge’ sectors and were introduced mainly to ensure labour supply. Second, Britain's managers are increasingly outside the internal labour markets of large corporations. In this respect British firms are not becoming ‘Japanese’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1988.tb00015.x
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  • 97
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    Editorial (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1988.tb00009.x
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  • 98
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    The Japanese example in South West Birmingham (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article considers the relationship between the Rover Group and Honda, and examines the wide-ranging changes the company is making, particularly in the area of employee involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1988.tb00013.x
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  • 99
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    Book reviews (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Flexible Rigidities: Industrial Policy and Structural Adjustment in the Japanese Economy 1970–1980 Ronald Dore Managing the Factory P. K. Edwards International and Comparative Industrial Relations Greg J. Bamber and Russell D. Lansbury, (Eds). Allen and Unwin Democracy and Control in the Workplace Ed. Davis and Russell Lansbury (Eds) Longman Cheshire Compulsory Arbitration in New Zealand: The First Forty Years James Holt Power and Powerlessness in Industry: An Analysis of the Social Relations of Production Rosemary Harris
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1988.tb00017.x
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  • 100
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    Advantages of Place as Perceived by Sunbelt Promoters (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 19 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A questionnaire was sent to 104 Chamber of Commerce executives in states and cities in the South and Southwest to evaluate the factors they perceive to be important in recruiting business and industrial migrants from the North. Eighty-one respondents rated 33 locational factors on a scale of 1 to 5. Results show variation in the perceived importance of factors between Southeast, South Central, and Southwest states and the Border states. Patterns of perceived competition among cities reveal that Border cities view Southern cities as their most important competitors but Southern cities see their major competitors as other rapidly growing Southern cities. Large cities do not see smaller cities as competitors with the exception of the “high tech” research centers such as Raleigh, NC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1988.tb00480.x
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