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  • Articles  (15,176)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposing World Income Distribution: Does The World Have A Middle Class? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using the national income/expenditure distribution data from 111 countries, we decompose total inequality between the individuals in the world, by continents and regions. We use Yitzhaki’s Gini decomposition which allows for an exact breakdown of the Gini. We find that Asia is the most heterogeneous continent; between-country inequality is much more important than inequality in incomes within countries. At the other extreme is Latin America where differences between the countries are small, but inequalities within the countries are large. Western Europe/North America is fairly homogeneous both in terms of countries’ mean incomes and income differences between individuals. If we divide the world population into three groups: the rich (those with incomes greater than Italy's mean income), the poor (those with incomes less than Western countries’ poverty line), and the middle class, we find that there are only 11 percent of people who are “world middle class”; 78 percent are poor, and 11 percent are rich.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00046
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Fast Has Chinese Industry Grown?—Measuring The Real Output Of Chinese Industry, 1949–97 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The motivation of this study is to test the widely accepted but never tested hypothesis that Chinese official statistics on growth rates may contain serious upward biases. By adopting a Laspeyres quantity index approach to the recently available official physical output data at commodity level, we have constructed an independent output index for Chinese industry, and produced a unique data set for the value added of 17 major industrial branches at 1987 prices for the period 1949–97. This study has, for the first time, systematically tested this hypothesis with supportive results. It implies that any growth accounting study using the official growth rates may have exaggerated the productivity performance of Chinese industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00047
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTRODUCTION (1952)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 2 (1952), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1952.tb01047.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute and Relative Deprivation and the Measurement of Poverty (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper develops the link between poverty and inequality by focussing on a class of poverty indices (some of them well–known) which aggregate normative concerns for absolute and relative deprivation. The indices are distinguished by a parameter value that captures the ethical sensitivity of poverty measurement to “exclusion” or “relative–deprivation” aversion. The indices can be readily used to predict the impact of growth on poverty. An illustration using LIS data finds that the United States show more relative deprivation than Denmark and Belgium whatever the percentiles considered, but that overall deprivation comparisons of the four countries considered will generally depend on the intensity of the ethical concern for relative deprivation. The impact of growth on poverty also depends on the presence of and on the attention granted to concerns over relative deprivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00064
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Income Inequality and Income Mobility in the Scandinavian Countries Compared to the United States (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper compares income inequality and income mobility in the Scandinavian countries and the United States during 1980–90. The results suggest that inequality is greater in the United States than in the Scandinavian countries and that this inequality ranking of countries remains unchanged when the accounting period of income is extended from one to eleven years. The pattern of mobility turns out to be remarkably similar, in the sense that the proportionate reduction in inequality from extending the accounting period of income is much the same. But we do find evidence of greater dispersion of first differences of relative earnings and income in the United States. Relative income changes are associated with changes in labor market and marital status in all four countries, but the magnitude of such changes are largest in the United States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00063
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Well–Being of Young Canadian Children in International Perspective: A Functionings Approach (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The goal of this paper is to compare the well–being of young children in Canada, Norway and the United States using Sen’s (1992) “functionings” perspective. We compare children cross–nationally in terms of ten “functionings” (low birth–weight; asthma; accidents; activity limitation; trouble concentrating; disobedience at school; bullying; anxiety; lying; hyperactivity). If we compare young children in Canada and the U.S. in terms of their functionings, there is not a clear ranking overall. Canadian children are better off for four of nine comparable outcomes; U.S. children are better off for two outcomes; Canadian and U.S. children are statistically indistinguishable for three outcomes. If we compare child functionings in Canada or the U.S. with those experienced in Norway, it is clear that Norwegian children fare better. There is not a single case in which children in either Canada or the U.S. have better outcomes than Norwegian children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00065
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the New Economy: An International Comparative Perspective (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The advances made in the production and use of information and communication technology (ICT) during the past decades may have potentially large effects for long term economic growth. Indeed the substantial acceleration in real GDP growth in many OECD countries, but in particular in the United States, during the second half of the 1990s has led to suggestions that a “new economy” has emerged. In this new economy the old economic rules were supposed to have become invalid. For example, traditional concerns about the limits of maximum production capacity might disappear as the marginal costs of producing ICT goods and services are virtually nil. Moreover, the trade-off between inflation and unemployment could be reduced due to a more efficient inventory management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00036-i1
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer Price Indices and International Growth and Productivity Comparisons (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Methodologies to derive price indices for information and communication technology (ICT) products vary between national statistical offices. This may lead to significant differences in measured price changes for these products and there has been concern about the international comparability of volume growth rates of GDP between several OECD countries. This article discusses the possible consequences for measures of economic growth of replacing one set of price indices by another one in the framework of national accounts. It is argued that the issue of ICT deflators cannot be dealt with in isolation and several other factors have to be taken into account, in particular whether ICT products are final or intermediate products, whether they are imported or domestically produced and whether national accounts are set up with fixed or chain weighted index numbers. Overall, results point to modest effects at the aggregate GDP level but may be more significant when it comes to component measures such as volume growth of investment, or of output in a particular industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00038
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are ICT Spillovers Driving the New Economy? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Some observers have raised the possibility that production spillovers and network effects associated with information and communications technology (ICT) are an important part of the “New Economy.” Across U.S. manufacturing industries, however, ICT capital appears correlated with the acceleration of average labor productivity (ALP) growth as predicted by a standard production model, but not with total factor productivity (TFP) growth as these New Economy forces imply. Once one allows for productivity differences across industries, measured TFP growth is uncorrelated with all capital inputs, including ICT capital. This provides little evidence for a New Economy story of ICT-related spillovers or network effects driving TFP growth throughout U.S. manufacturing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00039
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computerization and Structural Change (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Review of income and wealth 48 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: I develop three measures of structural change on the basis of U.S. data: changes in occupational composition, changes in input–output technical coefficients, and changes in capital coefficients. Using pooled cross-section, time-series data for 44 industries over the period from 1970 to 1990, I find that computer investment per worker has had a positive and significant effect on the degree of occupational change and changes in input and capital coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4991.00040
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