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  • Articles  (23,422)
  • 1985-1989  (21,122)
  • 1950-1954  (2,300)
  • 1987  (21,122)
  • 1952  (2,300)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (15,897)
  • Geography  (7,525)
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  • Articles  (23,422)
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  • 1985-1989  (21,122)
  • 1950-1954  (2,300)
Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Cartographic Analysis of Water Development Referenda in Texas, 1957-85 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State-level financial assistance programs for water projects are expected to become more important as federal funding levels drop and mechanisms change. In some western states such as Texas and California, constitutional restrictions are placed on tax and spending limits and the issuance of general obligation bonds to finance projects is subject to voter approval through a referendum process. Seven water-related referenda have been held in Texas between 1957 and 1985. Election results indicate that through 1968 voters from across the state supported the concept of state-level financial assistance for water projects and ratified three consecutive referenda, thus establishing the Water Development Fund and its $400 million authorization limit. Between 1969 and 1981, three amendments intended to increase authorization and expand the Fund's scope were defeated in elections that exhibited a regionalized voting pattern between East and West Texas voters. In 1985, this cleavage was not evident and the Water Development Fund was increased by an additional $980 million. These shifts reflect changes in voter perceptions of the state's water development policy and coincide with release of the 1968 and 1984 versions of the Texas Water Plan. The Texas experience, which is particularly relevant to California, could also be useful to other states considering similar state-level financial programs that would require voter approval.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00086.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    The Labor Market Impacts of Post-school Occupational Training for Young Men (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The period 1966 to 1976 was a decade of change, contrast and challenge. In this article a model is developed and estimated contrasting the labor market experiences of young men who participated in post-school occupational training during this period with those young men who did not participate. Participation in post-school forms of occupational training is identified as a significant contributor to individual labor market success during the period and racial differences in returns to training participation are highlighted. The results prompt questions concerning the direction of current federal training policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00088.x
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  • 3
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    State Lottery Sales: Separating the Influence of Markets and Game Structure (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: State lotteries are the fiscal gimmick for the 1980s, receiving widespread popular and legislative approval. Unfortunately, the impact of structural and external influences on lottery sales is not well understood. This analysis sheds light on these influences, demonstrating that state economic activity, age of the game, interstate lottery competition, and game portfolios significantly affect sale and, consequently, benefit to the state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00085.x
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  • 4
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    Land Value Taxation and New Housing Development in Pittsburgh (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Incentive and liquidity effects of Pittsburgh's land value tax system are hypothesized to encourage new housing development. To test this hypothesis, an econometric model is estimated using building permit data for the dependent variable and tax rates and other determinants of new housing demand and supply for the independent variables. For the case of new housing, it is shown that the incentive effect is significant but the liquidity effect is not. The incentive effect is found to encourage increases in the number of new units constructed in Pittsburgh rather than increases in the average cost of new units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00087.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Corporate-Merger-Defined Core-Periphery Relations for the United States (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A modified core-periphery model of economic spatial relations is tested by an examination of U.S. corporate merger behavior from 1955 to 1980. A core, a number of semicores, semipheripheries, and a periphery describe the merger-defined relationships between states and SMSAs. The core-periphery structure is not stable across time and is related to the merger cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00078.x
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  • 6
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    Employment Multipliers and Functional Types of Communities: Effects of Public Transfer Payments (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The Arizona Community Data Set (ACDS) now contains the results of 40 separate establishment-level, community-wide surveys. These communities can be classified into different functional types, and OLS regression models can be used to explore the relationships among community functions, levels of public transfer payments, and magnitudes of economic base multipliers. The statistical analysis suggests that employment-derived estimates of the base multiplier tend to be biased upward unless transfer payments are specified in the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00077.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    An Approach to Estimating a Consistent Aggregate Input-Output Model (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: There is a large literature concerning the effects of aggregation on the output estimates produced by, and information content of, input-output models. However, virtually no attention has been given to the effects of aggregation on input-output multipliers. This paper presents a methodology for calculating consistent aggregate input-output multipliers for any given change in final demands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00084.x
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  • 8
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    Book reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: What Do Buyers Want? Kenneth Train, Qualitative Choice Analysis: Theory, Econometrics, and an Application to Automobile Demand. Federal Finances Joseph F. Moraglio and Harry D. Kerrigan, The Federal Budget and Financial System: A Management Perspective. Silicon Tarheels Dale Whittington, High Hopes for High Tech: Microelectronics Policy in North Carolina. Turning It Around in Colombia Vinod Thomas, Linking Macroeconomics and Agricultural Polices for Adjustments with Growth: The Colombian Experience. A Changing World John H. Baldwin, Environmental Planning and Management. Toward a Theory of Industrial Development Donald A. Hicks, Advanced Industrial Development Restructuring, Relocation, and Renewal. Applying the HUDS Model to Chicago John F. Kain and William C. Apgar, Jr., Housing and Neighborhood Dynamics: A Simulation Study. Deindustrialization: Causes and Self-Help Warner Woodworth, Christopher Meek, and William Foote Whyte, eds., Industrial Democracy: Strategies for Community Revitalization. Integrating Disparate Views Peter Burnell, Economic Nationalism in the Third World. The U. S. Food Trade with CPEs James R. Jones, ed., East-West Agricultural Trade. Some Are Still More Equal Than Others Janet K. Boles, ed., The Egalitarian City: Issues of Rights, Distribution, Access, and Power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00089.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    A Leading Indicator Model for Ohio SMSA Employment (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The methodology used to build a leading indicator model for Ohio SMSA employment is described in this paper. A composite leading indicator series for each of the eight major metropolitan areas and the state of Ohio was constructed. These composite indicators appear to work well in a “real-time” simulation of their actual use. The methodology employed here departs from traditional methods for constructing such leading indicators in the approach to weighting the individual indicator series in order to devise a composite index. An econometric approach to determining the weights was employed. The weighting method can be said to be “optimal” in that the weights were chosen to maximize the out-of-sample ability of the composite index to detect future changes in economic activity, proxied here by the level of employment. This approach to weighting the component series in devising a composite index is computationally expensive, since it requires that a number of models be estimated and simulated in an actual use environment. It does overcome the usual subjective nature of the weighting schemes employed, and has resulted in composite indexes for the eight metropolitan areas and Ohio that perform quite well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00079.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Economic Impact of a Port on a Regional Economy: Note (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper attempts to identify and adjust for several shortcomings of previous port impact studies in the estimation of primary port economic impact. These shortcomings are found to create the potential for both positive and negative bias. Also presented in this paper is a technique for circumventing several practical problems in the estimation of secondary economic impact. These adjustments are applied to estimate the economic impact of the Port of Hampton Roads, Virginia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00082.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Are Business Services Immune to the Business Cycle? (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Should an economic development strategy target the business services industry to insulate the local economy from the business cycle? The relationship between business services employment (SIC 73) and measures of the business cycle is analyzed at national and metropolitan-area levels. At the national level, certain components of business services are not immune to the business cycle while others are. At the metropolitan level, certain characteristics of the metropolitan area and its industrial structure are identified which would result in business services employment being procyclical or not immune to the business cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00452.x
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  • 12
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    On the Theory of Optimal Regional Development Based on an Exhaustible Resource (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Extensive literatures exist on both regional development and the optimum use of nonrenewable resources over time, but the two have not been melded to consider the effect of combining the optimization of resource exploitation with optimization of population growth and infrastructure investment. A model incorporating these dimensions of regional growth is analyzed using control theory to characterize the optimal time paths of the source-related investment, resource use, and infrastructure investment. An example of nonrenewable groundwater use in the Colorado High Plains region is analyzed to show the shortcomings of existing regulatory schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00455.x
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  • 13
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    Book Reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: The Return of a Hero Robert D. Hisrich, ed., Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship, and Venture Capital: The Foundation of Economic Renaissance. Alaska's Oil, Alaska's People Lawrence A. Palinkas, Bruce Murray Harris, and John S. Petterson, A Systems Approach to Social Impact Assessment: Two Alaskan Case Studies. Regional Trends Bernard L. Weinstein, Harold T. Gross, and John Rees, Regional Growth and Decline in the United States. The Particular and the General Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds., Social Relations and Spatial Structures. Growing Through Export Vittorio Corbo, Anne O. Krueger, and Fernando Ossa, eds., Export-Oriented Development Strategies: The Success of Five Newly Industrialized Countries
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00076.x
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  • 14
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    Regional Indexes of Leading Indicators: An Evaluation Of Forecasting Performance (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Indexes of leading indicators are used to forecast short-run changes in economic activity in many states and metropolitan areas. This article examines the forecasting performance of a sample of such regional indexes over several business cycles. Although these indexes vary across regions, the results show that they do provide forecasts of recessions and recoveries and also exhibit some potential for forecasting quantitative changes in regional employment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00081.x
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  • 15
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    A Community Economic Forecasting and Simulation System: Description of a Satellite Model (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper deals with the problem of modelling sub-county areas that are so small that county level forecasts cannot be used for policy purposes. Starting from a simple specification that relates demand for local goods and services to local and non-local income, a system of equations is developed that can be used as a satellite to a county model to forecast impacts of economic events at the town level. Regression coefficients for the equations are estimated using data at the one-digit SIC code level for a pooled sample of towns in Massachusetts. Model validation tests are reported. An example of an application is provided by simulating impacts of 500 new manufacturing jobs in a town within a county. Our approach yields simulation and forecasting results for both the town and the county.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00451.x
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  • 16
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    Return Migration to Eastern Kentucky and the Stem Family Concept (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This research provides a conceptual framework—based on the stem family concept—with which to explore the cyclical nature of return migration to Eastern Kentucky. A generalized six-phase migration model is developed within a stem family/diffusion context to explain how the socioeconomic characteristics of return migrants have varied in response to economic changes outside Appalachia. The role of awareness space on channeling migration flows is also examined.Responses from 119 households in Laurel, Pike, and Powell counties, Kentucky, are used to test hypotheses associated with the general model. The survey results support the continued existence of extreme stem family forces within Eastern Kentucky. Most inmigrants are return migrants. Return migration motives continue to be more related to sociocultural factors than they are job-related decisions. Most returnees are well below retirement age, and even the younger and more educated among these have a strong preference for remaining in Eastern Kentucky, although their historical tendency has been to move away when economic pulls are strong enough. Maps of return migrants’awareness spaces closely conform with past outmigration patterns. As awareness spaces have been shown to correspond with migrants’destination choices, the maps suggest that future outmigrants from Eastern Kentucky will continue to bias their destination choices more toward the North than the South.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00454.x
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  • 17
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    Book Reviews (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Book reviews in this article: Border Linkages. Peggy B. Musgrave, ed. If the Creek Rises. Raymond J. Burby and Steven P. French, with Beverly A. Cigler, Edward J. Kaiser, David H. Moreau, and Bruce Stiftel That Rising SunDuane Kujawa, Japanese Multinationals in the United States: Toward a High-Tech Economy John Rees, ed., Technology, Regions, and Policy. Impacts on Humans James A. Lee, The Environment, Public Health, and Human Ecology: Public Finance in CanadaDouglas J. McCready, The Canadian Public Sector. Toronto: A Survey of Industrialization PoliciesRobert N. Gwynne, Industrialization and Urbanization in Latin America. Baltimore: The Risk Takers Robert C. Perez, Inside Venture Capital: Past, Present and Future. New York: Policy Directions Charles R. Warren, ed., Urban Policy in a Changing Federal System: Proceedings of a Symposium. Power for the Future Adela Maria Bolet, ed., Forecasting U.S. Electricity Demands: Trends and Methodologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1987.tb00457.x
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  • 18
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    Dynamics of Tornadic Thunderstorms (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 369-402 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002101
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  • 19
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    Magnetic Fluids (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 437-461 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002253
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  • 20
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    Recent Developments in Rapid-Distortion Theory (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 531-573 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002531
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  • 21
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    Rarefaction Waves in Liquid and Gas-Liquid Media (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 577-600 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.003045
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  • 22
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    Ludwig Prandtl and His Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 1-26 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000245
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  • 23
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    Upstream Blocking and Airflow Over Mountains (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 75-95 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 24
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    Turbulent Secondary Flows (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 53-74 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.000413
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  • 25
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    A Description of Eddying Motions and Flow Patterns Using Critical-Point Concepts (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 125-155 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001013
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  • 26
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    Viscoelastic Flows Through Contractions (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 157-182 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001105
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  • 27
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    Viscous Fingering in Porous Media (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 271-311 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.001415
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  • 28
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    Thermocapillary Instabilities (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 403-435 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002155
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  • 29
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    Isolated Eddy Models in Geophysics (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 493-530 
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    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.19.010187.002425
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    Public Attitudes Toward Local Farmland Protection Programs (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Using telephone survey data, this study analyzes citizen attitudes toward a locally based farmland protection program for Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. The study findings indicate widespread public support for farmland protection, in general, and strong support for zoning and purchase of development rights approaches. Testing of the anti-elitist and sociospatial explanations for public support of land use regulations is carried out. A statistical analysis of survey results finds moderate support for the sociospatial explanation.
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    Book Reviews (1987)
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    Notes: Book reviewed in this article: City, Region, and North American Hierarchy Benjamin Higgins, The Rise—And Fall? of Montreal: A Case Study of Urban Growth, Regional Economic Expansion and National Development. The Quality of Community Life David Popenoe, Private Pleasure, Public Plight: American Community Life in Comparative Perspective. Rural America Dale Jahr, Jerry W. Johnson, and Ronald Wimberley, eds., New Dimensions in Rural Policy: Building upon Our Heritage. East Meets West: Theory and Practice Don R. McCreary, Japanese-U.S. Business Negotiations: A Cross-Cultural Study. National Issues along the Rio Grande Lay James Gibson and Alfonso Corona Renteria, eds., The U.S. and Mexico: Borderland Development and the National Economies.
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    The Narrowing Male-Female Unemployment Differential (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Historically, the female unemployment rate in the U.S. has been higher than the male rate, but recently this unemployment rate differential has narrowed. This study looks at the reasons behind this phenomenon, and finds that relative declines in male-dominated industries such as durable manufacturing and construction increase the male unemployment rate relative to the female rate. If male-dominated industries continue to decline, the female unemployment rate is likely to fall below the male rate in the near future and remain lower in both recessions and expansions. The results reported here also indicate that increases in the female labor force participation rate are associated with relatively lower female unemployment rates after the mid-l970s, contrasting with the positive relationship in the 1950s and 1960s.
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    Considerations in Extending Shift-Share Analysis: Note (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: One of the limitations to the widespread use of the Esteban-Marquillas shift-share extension has been the Stokes (1974) proof of the lack of regional additivity of the Esteban-Marquillas competitive components. Since the Arcelus extension (1984) of the traditional shift-share decomposition is a continuation of the logical framework by Esteban-Marquillas (1972), the Stokes criticism would at first appear to have equal relevance to this new work. This note demonstrates that the relationship between the rate of growth of the larger region and the rates of growth of its constituent subregions is ignored in the Stokes criticism and in the subsequent critique by Beaudry and Martin (1979). By explicitly incorporating the relationship between the rate of growth of the larger region and the rates of growth of the constituent subregions, we also demonstrate that the recent shift-share extensions by Esteban-Marquillas and Arcelus share with the classical shift-share decomposition the desirable additive properties under regional disaggregation of the data.
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    Changing Regional Inequalities in North Carolina, 1928–82 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Assessing the Labor Market Intermediary Role of the Job Service: Note (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Foreign Export Orientation and Regional Growth in the U.S. (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Long-Distance Commuting and Population Change in Georgia, 1960–80 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    The Expenditure Tax and Savings Incentives: Design Matters (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    Market and Market-Institutional Perspectives on the Agricultural Land Preservation Issue (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    A Review of Identification of Hedonic Supply and Demand Functions (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 18 (1987), S. 0 
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    A DYNAMIC PHASE TRANSITION MODEL FOR SPATIAL AGGLOMERATION PROCESSES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: A nonlinear model for the migration of one population between L primordially equivalent regions is introduced. The agglomeration trend k is the relevant system parameter. For low (k 〈 kc) the homogeneous population distribution and for high (k 〉 kc) states with one metropole and (L−1) depleted provinces are stable equilibria. The dynamics of phase transitions between such stable states can be described by a global nonlinear analysis. Exact analytic solutions for the population evolution along symmetry paths are found. A dynamic stability analysis shows which paths of evolution are preferred and lead to stable endconfigurations.
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    A HEDONIC MODEL OF INTERREGIONAL WAGES, RENTS, AND AMENITY VALUES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper develops a general multimarket hedonic model appropriate for a national, interregional study of wages, housing prices, and location-specific amenities. The model encompasses the effects of interregional location, intraurban location, and city size. Typically, hedonic studies focus on a single market such as labor or housing and ignore interactions implicit in a more global compensation mechanism. Examination of the comparative statics of our model indicates that single-market differentials are partial prices and are unreliable measures of amenity values in an interregional context. Unbiased amenity values are estimated for a comprehensive set of amenities using data on housing prices for 34,414 households and wages for 46,004 workers from the 1980 Census of Population and Housing. Statistically significant differences in housing prices and wages are found due to amenities.
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    BOOKS RECEIVED (1987)
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1987)
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    Notes: Industrialization and Urbanization in Latin America, by Robert N. Gwynne. Spatial Cycles, by Leo van den Berg, Leland S. Burns, and Leo H. Klaassen (eds.). Innovation, Entrepreneurs and Regional Development, by G.P. Sweeny. Financing Economic Development in the 1980s, by Norman Walzer and David L. Chicoine (eds). The Politics of Realignment: Party Change in the Mountain West, by Peter Galderisi, Michael Lyons, Randy Simmons, and John Francis. Southern Capitalism: The Political Economy of North Carolina, 1880-1980, by Phillip J. Wood.
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    POISSON GRAVITY MODELS OF SPATIAL FLOWS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is to bring together a number of results on spatial flow models, and to reformulate them within a unified probability framework based on Poisson frequencies. To do so, a class of discrete stochastic processes, designated as independent flow processes, is developed which not only yields a complete characterization of Poisson flow frequencies, but also allows a wide range of gravity-type flow models to be formulated within this distributional framework. In particular, a hierarchical classification of 12 model types is developed, and each model type is shown to be characterizable directly in terms of behavioral axioms on independent flow processes.
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    THE CORE OF A SPATIAL PRICE EQUILIBRIUM GAME (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a critical appraisal of the use of the core as a solution concept for games involving spatially separated producers. Starting from the classical Samuelson/Takayama-Judge spatial price equilibrium model, the core of a game between the producers of commodities in this economy is defined, the conditions ensuring the nonemptiness of the core are stated, and the problems surrounding the definition and computation of the characteristic function are addressed. An application to the eastern United States’coal market is then presented in order to illustrate the usefulness of the theoretical and algorithmic results of this paper.
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    PUBLIC CAPITAL, REGIONAL OUTPUT, AND DEVELOPMENT: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The goal of our paper is to provide direct estimates of the association between public capital and regional output. This is made possible by the construction of a data series which measures public capital at the state level.The relation between public capital and other productive factors is tested using a translog production function. Our results show that labor and public capital are complementary inputs, and that public capital exhibited diminishing returns. We also consider restrictions on the translog formulation. Linear homogeneity is rejected in all cases, and the Cobb-Douglas specification is rejected for the manufacturing and all sectors categories.
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    A NOTE ON INCOME TAXES AND DEGREE ONE PRODUCTION HOMOGENEITY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: In a recent JRS article [Martinich and Hurter (1985)] we examined the production and spatial impact on a firm operating in an uncertain environment due to the imposition of a flat rate income tax. The impacts were shown to depend on the properties of the firm's production and preference functions. In this paper we develop further results for the case where the firm has a degree one homogeneous production function. It is shown that an income tax is technologically and spatially neutral for any risk-averse firm, without regard to any other properties of the preference function. Thus, we not only extend our earlier results for the degree one homogenous production function case but we also correct an error related to this case in the earlier paper.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1987)
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    OPTIMAL REGIONAL GROWTH MODELS: MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES, SINGULAR CONTROLS, AND SUFFICIENCY CONDITIONS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: We develop a generalized Harrod-Domar type of model for optimal regional growth which allows determination of the optimal allocation of regional public investments and which considers multiple growth objectives, as well as both normal and singular fiscal instruments. This general model is shown to include most of the previous optimal regional growth models as special cases. Necessary conditions for some special cases of the general model are analyzed in detail, and decision rules associated with derived optimal regional growth policies are articulated. These special cases verify that singular controls do exist in certain instances, and that they must be considered for the complete specification of optimal regional growth policies; this is significant because singular controls have not been previously analyzed in the literature. We conclude the paper with a discussion of sufficiency conditions for optimal regional growth models which is more general than that given by previous authors.
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    THE ROLE OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE SUPPLY OF HOUSING (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: As the housing stock in a city is duplicated, developers must devote greater amounts of resources to the provision of infrastructure. If the production of infrastructure is characterized by decreasing returns to scale, this will cause the price of developable land to increase. The conditions under which an upward-sloping supply curve for housing will result are discussed. Using cross-sectional data for U.S. cities from 1973 to 1982, it is shown that land prices fail to increase with the quantity of construction and that the price elasticity of the supply of housing is infinite.
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    BOOK REVIEWS (1987)
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    Notes: Book Review in This Article: Production, Work, Territory: The Geographical Anatomy of Industrial Capitalism, by Allen J. Scott and Michael Storper (eds.). Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy, by J. Galaskiewicz. Experimental Estimates of Gross State Product by Industry, Bureau of Economic Analysis Staff Paper No. 42 Regional Multipliers: A User Handbook for the Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II), U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1987)
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    LOCAL TAX BURDENS AND THE SUPPLY OF BUSINESS SITES IN SUBURBAN MUNICIPALITIES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: . The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of local household tax burdens and other community attributes on the supply of business sites made available by local municipalities. A model of community site supply is tested in which municipalities trade off increased fiscal benefits from business location and reductions in environmental quality that accompany industrial and commercial development. This tradeoff is embodied in municipal zoning decisions. Empirical analysis of industrial and commercial zoning in two rapidly growing suburban counties of the Philadelphia metropolitan area provides considerable support for the tenets of community site supply theory.
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    SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR GENERAL SPATIAL PRICE EQUILIBRIA (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: . General spatial price equilibrium models are formulated as variational inequalities. Sensitivity analysis results recently developed for variational inequalities are reviewed which give conditions for existence and equations for calculating the derivatives of solution variables with respect to perturbation parameters. These results are applied to the variational inequality formulations of general spatial price equilibria, and derivatives of supplies, demands, flows, and prices with respect to perturbations of supply functions, demand functions, and transportation-cost functions are calculated.
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    A NOTE ON “SPATIAL PRICE POLICY AND THE DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION” (1987)
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    ONCE AGAIN: TESTING FOR REGIONAL HOMOGENEITY (1987)
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    Journal of regional science 27 (1987), S. 0 
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    Notes: . Summarizing the foregoing discussions in this journal on testing for regional homogeneity the present note shows that in the model of Zellner's seemingly unrelated regressions one test statistic may be used not only to test for overall homogeneity but also to examine for individual coefficient homogeneity. This aim is achieved by varying the linear restrictions in the test statistic according to different problems. To illustrate these tests regional consumption functions for the 11 Bundesläder (States) of the Federal Republic of Germany are used.
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    SELECTED TITLES FROM CURRENT JOURNALS (1987)
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    Pleistocene sea level changes and glacial history of the Hornsund area, Svalbard (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 5 (1987), S. 0 
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    Quaternary chronostratigraphy of south Spitsbergen (1987)
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    Polar research 5 (1987), S. 0 
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    The Late Weichselian glacial maximum in western Svalbard (1987)
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    The Late Weichselian-Holocene transition in the Barents Sea: sedimentological and early diagenetic studies (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 5 (1987), S. 0 
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    Problems of Quaternary geology and palaeoecology of North European seas (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 5 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
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    The geological implications of the upper seismic unit, southeastern Barents Sea (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Biochronology and geochronology of Late Neogene Central Arctic deep-sea cores (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Late Cenozoic depositional environment of the eastern Arctic Basin (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    The diatom flora in the Fram Strait. A comparison with the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary flora in the Norwegian Sea (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Examples of glacigenic sediments and erosional events on the Mid-Norwegian continental shelf (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Lake sediments and glacial history in the High Arctic; evidence from east-central Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada, and from Inglefield Land, Greenland (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    The biostratigraphic position of the Kap København Formation based upon its foraminifera (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Significance of Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay Waters for growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Thermal hysteresis antifreeze agents in fishes from Spitsbergen waters (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 5 (1987), S. 0 
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: The occurrence of macromolecular antifreeze agents (so-called Thermal Hysteresis Factors) in blood plasma of fishes from Spitsbergen waters was investigated in August 1983, October 1984, and January 1986.Thermal hysteresis was found in the plasma of three species of Spitsbergen fishes: shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), polar cod (Boreogadus saida), and sea snail (Liparis liparis). This is the first time thermal hysteresis is reported from the sea snail. Seasonal changes in the amount of thermal hysteresis were observed in blood plasma of the shorthorn sculpin and the sea snail.With the exception of the polar cod, blood plasma of deep water fishes displays no thermal hysteresis. The reason for this is probably that the polar cod also occurs in shallow ice laden sea water, where an‘antifreeze’would be needed to protect against inoculative freezing.No thermal hysteresis was observed in blood plasma of the saithe (Pollachius virens), despite the fact that the saithe was observed swimming in ice laden sea water at a temperature of -1 to – 1.5°C under natural conditions, and was rapidly killed when it came into contact with ice in the laboratory. It is not known how the saithe survives in ice laden water under natural conditions.
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    The central Arctic Ocean sediment record: Current progress in moving from a litho- to a chronostratigraphy (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Magnetostratigraphy in the eastern Arctic Ocean, further palaeomagnetic results from Ymer-80 cores (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Quaternary high latitude magnetostratigraphy (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Climatic and glacial changes during the last 150, 000 years within the Arctic-European-Atlantic sector (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    News from the Plio-Pleistocene Kap København Formation, North Greenland (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    The Ymer-Formation - an interglacial sequence in northeasternmost Greenland (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Botany of Bouvetøya, South Atlantic Ocean. II. The terrestrial vegetation of Bouvetøya (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: Bouvetøya (54°25′S, 3°20′E), the northernmost land in the maritime Antarctic, has a climate typical of oceanic islands south of the Antarctic convergence, and a non-vascular vegetation of maritime Antarctic composition and structure. Mean vegetation temperatures during the growing season are from +1 to +4.5°C on the low ground, whereas elevations above 200 m a.s.l. are more prone to freezing and show regular diurnal freeze/thaw cycles. Radiative heating of the ground is important in some well-drained lichen communities with a northward aspect, but generally the mean diurnal temperatures registered in the superficial part of substratum and vegetation are low because of the prevailing cloudiness and high windspeeds. Some geothermally heated communities arc described.The soil reaction ranges from slightly acid on silicic lava and leached basalt ground, to alkaline on calcite-bearing pyroclastic rocks, with a correspondingly different vegetation. The main plant communities of Bouvetoya are documented by quadrat analyses, and a classification is proposed. Local distribution patterns of 26 cryptogamic species are discussed and related to soil chemistry and elevation, as well as to the time elapsed for their establishment and the development of communities undisturbed by volcanism, landslides, glacierization, and animal influence.
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    Marine bivalve molluscs of Svalbard (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Glacier mass balance investigations in the balance years 1984-85 and 1985-86 (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Notes: As in previous years Norsk Polarinstitutt has carried out mass balance investigations on Storbreen and Hardangerjøkulen in mainland Norway and on Broggerbreen and Lovenbreen in Svalbard. More than 20 years of measurements show that the glaciers both in mainland Norway and in Svalbard are retreating.Both in 1985 and in 1986 the glaciers in Norway had a negative net balance. At Storbreen the mean annual net balance value 1949-86 is -0.30 m in water equivalents, while on Hardangerjflkulen the mean value 1963-86 is -0.02 m.The two glaciers measured in Svalbard also had negative net balance in 1985 and in 1986. Both measured glaciers have had negative balance nearly all years since the measurements started in 1966. The mean value is close to -40g/cm2 or -0.4 m on both.
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    Interrelationships between egg dimensions, pore numbers, incubation time, and adult body mass in Procellariiformes with special reference to the Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 5 (1987), S. 0 
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    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Dimensions of eggs and eggshells and pore density are reported for eggs of the Antarctic Petrel Thalassoica antarctica (as well as eggs of the Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea). Allometric relationships are used to estimate the initial egg mass, total number of pores and incubation time. The initial egg mass for Antarctic Petrel was estimated to 83 g. and the incubation time to 55 days. The total pore number in Antarctic Petrel was estimated to 4212 and in Snow Petrel 2654 pores per egg. Using data from 8 species of Procellariiformes, the relationship between total pore counts, initial egg mass and incubation time is described.
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    Eco-geographical relations of the Bjornoya vascular flora, Svalbard (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: A renewed survey of the flora of Bjornoya (74° 31'N) has yielded a total of 54 native vascular species. Details of their distribution are provided by local maps and vertical frequency tabulations. Soil preferences of species and various plant communities are outlined. The general climate and microthermal conditions of the prevailing vegetation place Bjerneya as a pronouncedly maritime part of the Svalbard archipelago, supporting mainly hygrophilous and chionophilous plant communitites and species. Only half of the island's vascular species persist at elevations above 200 m a.s.l., corresponding to a heat sum of July and August below approximately 190 Degree-Days. Ice-cored peat mounds coated by Rhacomitrium lanuginosum were discovered on plateaux above 400 m elevation.The impact of the Vistula glaciation is discussed in view of Quaternary evidence from the Barents Sea area. Probably only one third of the present vascular flora could endure full-glacial conditions in possible ice-free cliffs on the coast of Bjornaya.
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    DESIGN OF AN INDEX OF WATER QUALITY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper describes the formulation of an Index of Water Quality to evaluate the level of pollution in fresh water. A Four-Round Delphi equation, using a panel of seven nationally recognized water scientists, was performed to ascertain the pollutants to be included in the index, the relationship between the quantity of these pollutants in the water and the resulting quality of the water, and the importance of each pollution variable to each water use as well as to overall pollution. A multiplicative index was used to bring the pollutants together into one system.
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    EXAMPLES OF LANDFILL-GENERATED PLUMES IN LOW-RELIEF AREAS, SOUTHEAST FLORIDA (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Areas of low topographic relief have low water-table gradients and make the direction of movement of contaminants from land fills in the ground water difficult to predict from regional gradients alone. The landfill, nearby free-flowing ditches or canals, variations in hydraulic conductivity, and the influence of nearby pumping wells can all affect the direction of flow. In low-gradient areas the concepts of “upgradient” and “downgradient” are less useful in planning the location of monitoring wells than in areas of higher relief. Low-relief areas also may be affected by the discharge of mineralized water from deeper aquifers, naturally or through irrigation, which can mask geochemical surveys intended to detect landfill leachate.Examples of effects of low topographic relief are noted in southeast Florida where water-table gradients are 7×10−-4 to 5×10−-4 feet per foot. Water-table mounding beneath the landfill and the drainage effects of nearby ditches and well have created multiple leachate plumes in Stuart where one plume migrated in a direction opposite to the apparent regional gradient. In Coral Springs analysis suggests a bifurcating plume migrating along two narrow zones. In Fort Pierce it was difficult to detect leachate because of mineralized irrigation water and fertilizer runoff from an adjacent citrus grove.
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    PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: COMBINING NOMINAL GROUP PROCESS AND MICROCOMPUTERS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The growing concern for public participation in water resource decision-making has invited researchers to improve and develop reliable, quick, and inexpensive techniques for measuring public preferences. It is increasingly clear that traditional participation mechanisms, though useful, are no longer sufficient in providing the level of participation desired by many. A combination of microcomputer technology with Nominal Group Process (a step-by-step process ending in ranked recommendations) offers numerous possibilities for active participatory planning.Efforts at participation occurring through a well developed and defined process cannot be successful without a sensitivity to the conceptual, methodological, and pragmatic problems involved. This paper prefaces presentation of an alternative active process technique with discussion of the theoretical basis of participatory democracy and the frustration with practical implementation procedures.
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    MONITORING AND CONTROL OF CENTER PIVOT SYSTEMS WITH MICROCOMPUTERS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: A computerized water-energy-management system (WEMS) can be used by center pivot operators to reduce pumping fuel costs and monitoring expenses. Irrigation costs are lowered primarily because the system used climatic data and plant growth models to derive water schedules that considerably lowers the use of water compared with conventional irrigation practices. A capital budget analysis of a hypothetical, but representative farm growing corn, shows that cost savings are from three sources: 61 percent from pumping less water, 28 percent from labor savings, and 11 percent from savings on truck fuel, maintenance, and oiL The analysis illustrates that only a 4 percent water savings from irrigation scheduling over a 10-year period is required for the investment to be profitable for many central High Plains’ irrigators. The water savings required are relatively small compared with the potentials shown by irrigation scheduling research. WEMS is cost effective and can extend the life of the ground water source.
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    COMPARISON OF RESERVOIR LINEAR OPERATION RULES USING LINEAR AND DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Mathematical optimization techniques are used to study the operation and design of a single, multi-purpose reservoir system. Optimal monthly release policies are derived for Hoover Reservoir, located in Central Ohio, using chance-constrained linear programming and dynamic programming-regression methodologies. Important characteristics of the former approach are derived, discussed, and graphically illustrated using Hoover Reservoir as a case example. Simulation procedures are used to examine and compare the overall performance of the optimal monthly reservoir release policies derived under the two approaches. Results indicate that, for the mean detention time and the corresponding safe yield target water supply release under existing design of Hoover Reservoir, the dynamic programming policies produce lower average annual losses (as defined by a two-sided quadratic loss function) while achieving at least as high reliability levels when compared to policies derived under the chance-constrained linear programming method. In making this comparison, the reservoir release policies, although not identical, are assumed to be linear. This restricted form of the release policy is necessary to make the chance-constrained programming method mathematically tractable.
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    INTERVENTION ANALYSIS OF WATER USE RESTRICTIONS, AUSTIN, TEXAS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Mandatory water conservation in the form of restrictions on outdoor watering, car washing, and recreation was implemented in the City of Austin, Texas, during the summers of 1984 and 1985. Three different stages of restrictions were implemented limiting the number of watering hours per day, as well as a restriction that allowed lawn watering once every five days according to the last digit of the street address, Intervention analysis using a transfer function-noise model of daily water use is applied to assess the impact of the restrictions. Compared to a peak water use rate of about 170 MGD, it is shown that mandatory restrictions in 1984 reduced water use by an average of 13.5 MGD, while similar restrictions during the summer of 1985 reduced usage by an average of 5.5 MGD. Lawn watering restrictions on a five-day cycle produced a corresponding five-day cycle in water use of more than 10 MGD in amplitude in 1985. An alternative lawn watering scheme that eliminates this cycle is prescribed.
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    RUNOFF IMPOUNDMENT FOR SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION IN TEXAS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The current increase in the demand for water by municipal, industrial, and other users is likely to result in approximately one-third less water being available for agricultural use in Texas by the year 2000. As water supplies diminish, the rainfall excess needs to be used more efficiently. Large amounts of runoff occur in the eastern part of Texas that could be collected in small impoundments and utilized for crop production. Farmers in water-surplus basins or subbasins can apply for a permit to divert surface water into small on-farm impoundments to be used for supplemental irrigation. The costs for runoff collection and two supplemental irrigations, which amount to a total of 4 in./yr., are estimated to be approximately $60/acre/year. Depending upon the crop produced, the estimated increase in gross income from supplemental irrigation ranges from about $80 to more than $100 per acre annually.
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    IMPACT OF WATERSHED URBANIZATION ON STREAM INSECT COMMUNITIES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The impact of urbanization on stream insect communities was determined by sampling 22 sites in northern Virginia representing a range of human population densities. Watershed development had little effect on the total insect numbers (no./m2), but shifted the taxonomic composition markedly. Relative abundance of Diptera (mainly chironomids) increased at more highly urbanized sites, while most other insect orders including Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Coleoptera (bettles), Megaloptera (dobsonflies), and Plecoptera (stone-flies) decreased. Trichoptera (caddisfiles) exhibited a variable response. Genus diversity and richness (number of genera) were significantly higher in less urbanized streams. Two genera of chironomids were positively correlated with increased urbanization, while 14 other genera (scattered through several orders) were negatively related to human population density. Principal components analysis demonstrated a gradient from more urbanized to less urbanized stations based on generic and order level biological data. Results of this study indicate that watershed urbanization has a major impact on benthic insect communities even in the absence of point source discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00854.x
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    BACTERIAL LEVELS IN CISTERN WATER SYSTEMS OF NORTHERN KENTUCKY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : In rural Northern Kentucky, rainwater is commonly collected from rooftops and stored in cement block cisterns as the sole source of drinking water. Although every cistern system is unique in some aspect of design, use, or maintenance, a bacterial survey of 30 rural Northern Kentucky cistern systems suggests that coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria are common to all types of cistern storage systems. An average of 600 coliforms/ml and 3.6 ± 105 heterotrophic bacteria/ml were detected in water samples from the bottoms of the cistern storage tanks. Bacterial levels in water delivered to household cold tap faucets were similar to the levels found in the storage tanks. When detected, fecal coliforms were recovered throughout the entire system including the household cold tap faucet. Current U.S. regulations for drinking water quality are discussed, with a suggestion that fecal coliform levels may be a more appropriate guideline for interpreting the water quality of individually maintained, nonchlorinated, nonpiped water supplies, such as cistern storage systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00856.x
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  • 93
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    REUSE OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATER FOR IRRIGATION IN ARID ZONES: A CASE STUDY (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The domestic sewage of the city of Beer-Sheva, Israel, which is located in an arid region, is treated in a series of facultative ponds. The treated effluent is stored temporarily in an open surface earthen reservoir (about 0.5 ± 106 m3 in volume) and then used for irrigation. The effluent is applied via sprinkler and trickle irrigation systems. The main crops irrigated are cotton, wheat, alfalfa, and corn. Total cotton yield is over 5500 kg/ha, and the wheat grain yield is over 7500 kg/ha. The amount of effluent applied is about 6500 m3/ha for cotton (including preplant irrigation), and the wheat receives about 4500 m3/ha via irrigation and an additional 2000 m3/ha from precipitation. Due to the nutrient content in the effluent, the above yields are obtained without any additional fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02952.x
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  • 94
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    A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING LOW FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAMS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Four methods for estimating the 7-day, 10-year and 7-day, 20-year low flows for streams are compared by the bootstrap method. The bootstrap method is a Monte Carlo technique in which random samples are drawn from an unspecified sampling distribution defined from observed data. The nonparametric nature of the bootstrap makes it suitable for comparing methods based on a flow series for which the true distribution is unknown. Results show that the two methods based on hypothetical distributions (Log-Pearson III and Weibull) had lower mean square errors than did the Box-Cox transformation method or the Log-Boughton method which is based on a fit of plotting positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00858.x
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  • 95
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    NONLINEAR SOLUTIONS OF THE BQUSSINESQ EQUATION AND COMPARISONS WITH FIELD OBSERVATIONS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Two models based on variations of the one dimensional Boussinesq equation are presented. The models are formulated by treating each of the two nonlinearities appearing in the equation separately, and the resulting equations are solved by implicit finite difference techniques. The models have been used to predict drawdowns created from large scale pumping at an open coal mine pit dewatering project in Poland. The predictions were found to be in good agreement with data collected over a period of seven years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00859.x
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  • 96
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    FEASIBILITY OF SEASONAL WATER PRICING CONSIDERING METERING COSTS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Efficiency implications of seasonal pricing, uniform pricing, and optimal seasonal pricing with metering costs are analyzed qualitatively using classical optimization technique. The first two schemes are special cases of the last pricing scheme. A nonlinear-integer programming model is formulated for a case study application to Salt Lake City to examine the feasibility of seasonal pricing. The analysis indicates that uniform pricing is preferable unless metering costs are substantially lower than present levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00860.x
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  • 97
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    USE OF RADAR TO DERWE A STORM INTENSITY-DURATION CURVE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Rainstorms which exceed the design capacity of conveyance systems and cause extensive damage to structures and property, occur frequently in Alberta. After such a severe storm, an early and quick assessment of the storm's location and magnitude and the corresponding frequency for various duration (storm intensity-duration curve) is often required to estimate the damage. The storm intensity-duration curve is produced with information obtained from a sparse network of recording raingages, thus, creating a high degree of uncertainty in the result. Short-duration precipitation is usually quite variable in Alberta; hencea very dense network of recording precipitation stations would be required to provide precise measurements of the storm intensity-duration curve at all locations. Such a dense network does not exist in Alberta; it would be very expensive to install, maintain, and thus difficult to justify financially.One solution for obtaining a large amount of closely spaced in-intensity-duration values is to use weather radar. Using weather radar data, intensity-duration curves could be produced routinely for any set of prespecified locations. The radar data thus have the potential for facilitating the identification of the return period of rainfall events quickly, cheaply, and precisely when the long-term intensity-duration curves are available. As a pilot project to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and the potential of the radar data, computer software was developed to derive from archived radar data, intensity-duration values for up to a 2,500 2 area for a given storm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02961.x
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  • 98
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    AGGREGATE MARGINAL RETURNS FROM WESTERN IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Pressure is increasing in the western United States to reallocate water from irrigated agriculture to other competitive uses. Since water is normally allocated through water rights and not necessarily by the price system, the question of economic efficiency is a continual concern. Study results show that returns per acre-foot of water used in western irrigation are quite high and are closely tied to the livestock industry. Returns per acre-foot of water used for crops ranged from $60 to $1,500. When water was used to support livestock, returns per acre-foot ranged from $100 to $600. Clearly, losses of water supply that reduced irrigation production could also lower farm income significantly. Estimated returns also show what alternative uses would have to pay for water under competitive market conditions. Production elasticities are also shown for various states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00863.x
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  • 99
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    A STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING BASED APPROACH TO THE OPERATION OF A MULTI-RESERVOIR SYSTEM (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : An heuristic iterative technique based upon stochastic dynamic programming is presented for the analysis of the operation of a three reservoir ‘Y’ shaped hydroelectric system. The technique is initiated using historical inflow data for the downstream reservoir. At each iteration the optimal policies for the downstream hydroelectric generating unit are used to provide relative weightings or targets for operation of upstream reservoirs. New input inflows to the downstream reservoir are then obtained by running the historical streamflow record through the optimal policies for the upstream reservoirs. These flows are then used to develop a new operating policy for the downstream reservoir and hence new targets for the upstream reservoirs. The process is continued until the operating policies for each reservoir provide the same overall system benefit for two successive iterations. Results obtained from the procedure are compared to the results obtained by historical operation of the system. The procedure is shown to develop operating policies which give benefits which are as close to the historical benefits as can be expected given the choice of the number of storage state variables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00815.x
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  • 100
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    PREDICTING THE SUMMER PEAK BIOMASS OF FOUR SPECIES OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE (CYANOPHYTA/CYANOBACTERIA) IN SWEDISH LAKES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 23 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop models predicting the summer peak biomass of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Anabaena flos-aquae, Oscillatoria agardhii, and Microcystis aeruginosa in four Swedish lakes. These analyses suggest that while epilimnetic total phosphorus concentration is the principal predictor of their peak biomass, other factors such as station mean depth, water temperature, total nitrogen, and total CO2 concentration are also important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00818.x
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