ALBERT

Description: The author reports the discovery of the moss Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. in the municipality of Wijlre in the extreme south of the Dutch province of Limburg. This is the first certain find from this area. See distribution map – fig. 2. Rhodobryum occurs on a steep part with a grade of about 30° of a north-facing hillside which borders the valley of the rivulet Geul. This steep part originated by specific land use for several centuries and it forms a part of a pasture which lies below it and is incidentally grazed by cattle. Above the locality a forest stretches towards the hill top. The habitat of Rhodobryum roseum receives no direct sunshine and the microclimatological situation can be defined as open shade. The air humidity is constantly rather high. The subsoil consists of calcareous deposits of Upper-Senone age. The pH measured at a depth of ca. 5 cm. in the soil is about 7-8. The altitude of the locality is about 125 m. above sea level.

Description: Xylopia surinamensis R. E. Fr. n. sp. — Ramuli novelli dense aureo-ferrugineo-sericei, vetustiores plus minus glabrescentes et cortice densissime lenticellifero punctato vestiti; internodia 0,5—1 cm longa. Foliorum petiolus sericeo-tomentosus, 5—7 mm longus; lamina rigida, anguste lanceolata, basi rotundato-truncata, apicem versus sensim longeque attenuata, summo apice obtusa, supra ab initio glaberrima sed densissime verruculoso-punctata, subtus dense argenteosericea, 8—11 cm longa et 2—2,5 cm lata; costa supra valde impressa glaberrima, subtus prominens teres; nervi secundarii cum venulis vix conspicui. Flores in inflorescentiis densis nonnulli; bracteae numerosae, late ovatae, 1,5—2 mm longae. Sepala fere omnino coalita, calycem cupuliformem semiglobosum argenteo-sericeum 2—3 mm altum et 5—6 mm latum formantia. Petala exteriora linearia obtusa, extus argenteo-sericea, circ. 13 mm longa et 2 mm lata, prope basin subito dilatata; interiora linearia, acuta, quadrangulari-prismatica, utrinque cinereo-puberula, 12 mm longa et 1—1,2 mm crassa. Staminum filamenta 0,2 mm longa; antherae circ. 1 mm longae, locellatae, connectivi discus glaber; stamina exteriora plus minus sterilia. Pistilla numerosa (fere 30); ovaria dense sericea, circ. 1 mm longa, styli 1 mm et stigmata 1 mm longa. (Fructus ignotus). Suriname: Boschreserve, Sectio O (florifera Junio 1944. — Wood Herbarium Surinam No. 139). Typus speciei in Herb. Utrecht).

Description: The subject of this study are soil samples taken in the “Makkumer Waard”, a wide expanse of low-lying land, which follows the Frisian coast. Stratigraphical and palynological investigations showed that in the beginning of the Atlanticum the area lay below the level of the sea, but that gradually the influence of the sea decreased and peat formation became possible. From the transition from marine deposits to Sphagnum peat (— 4,55 m to — 3,50 m) we must conclude that there has been a temporary standstill in the transgression, or even a regression, in the middle of the Atlanticum. Towards the end of the Atlantic period a sudden marine transgression followed, which deposited a layer of sand and clay on the Sphagnum peat (— 3,50 m to — 3,30 m). Shortly before the beginning of the Subboreal (which probably sets in at — 3,10 m) an important regression began and an Eriophorum peat was formed directly on the clay (—3,30 m to —3.00 m). It is probable that the peat formation went on in the Subatlanticum, but the younger Sphagnum peat is no longer present, for a third marine transgression, which lead to the formation of the “Zuiderzee”, washed away the peat and deposited the younger sea sand. The data obtained from the Makkum profile proved to agree very well with the results of other investigators who worked in the area round the North-sea.

Description: In a recent paper PIERROT (BIZOT, PIERROT & POCS 1974) described the new genus Bizotia based on Paraleucobryum densifolium Thér. (THÉRIOT 1939). However, ROBINSON (1967) already made the presumption that Paraleucobryum densifolium should belong to Campylopus, notably C. argyrocaulon (C.M.) Broth. His conception of C. argyrocaulon was apparently based on MUELLER’s original description (MUELLER 1874) only, which includes a detailed description of the cross section of the costa. We examined part of the type collection of C. argyrocaulon (Wallis s. n., Colombia, NY) but this material, although MUELLER’s description is correct, does not exactly match the type material of Paraleucobryum densifolium (Troll 2144-2145, Colombia, PC-TH). The type material of C. argyrocaulon is identical with one of the paratypes of C. leucognodes (C.M.) Par. (Germain s. n., Bryoth. Levier, Bolivia, NY). ROBINSON also mentions Campylopus pittieri Williams (1908) under the presumed synonymy of C. argyrocaulon. Examination of the type material of the former species (Pittier 1088, Colombia, NY) shows that this species is indeed identical with Paraleucobryum densifolium.

Description: Some news was received on the revegetation of Krakatau, and the small new cone, Anak Krakatau (Krakatau Jr) as visited by a party in August 1951. Krakatau. The camp was made in the SE.corner of the island. In several places the old substratum has been traced, and in the basal layer of the ash covers, which attain sometimes 30 m thickness, remains are found of former woody share vegetation. Bases of tree trunks have partly been buried in their upright position. Some of these are charred, and have apparently been burned during the eruption; others are not charred, or have been charred only very superficially.

Description: The idea to establish a regional organization in order to improve the quality of education in South East Asia was conceived in a meeting of Ministers of Education and Culture in 1965. This idea took shape and was realized in an organization called the SEAMEO (South East Asian Ministers of Education Organization) which was officially inaugurated on February 7, 1968 by the signing of the SEAMEO Charter by seven Ministers of Education, representing the Governments of Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and South Vietnam. In 1971 the Republic of Khmer followed as the eighth member country, whereas in 1973 France became an associate member, followed by Australia and New Zealand in 1974.

Description: The structure of the top of the ascus in live and fixed Sarcoscypha coccinea has been studied with different methods of light microscopy. Electron micrographs have been made of median sections of asci first fixed in 1.5% KMnO4, then postfixed with OSO4. Light and electron microscopy give somewhat different but supplementary information on the lateral wall and the top of the ascus in Sarcoscypha. In the ascoplasm a funnel and a funiculus have been found. The ascus wall consists of three layers. (1) An outer layer, which after different stainings is visible with the light microscope, corresponds with the two outer strata of the stratified electron-transparent layer, and is very thin in the top. (2) A middle layer, which is formed by the inner stratum of the electron-transparent layer, continues with about the same thickness in the top. (3) An inner layer, which is anisotropic and electron-dense, is deposited on the inside of the wall after meiosis. This layer becomes very thick in the top. Its central part is separated by a conical boundary plane to form the basal part of the opercular plug. Former studies on the structure and dehiscence of the ascus are discussed. The view that the ascus is suboperculate and characterized by having an interrupted apical ring is refuted.

Description: The generic names for fungi used by Maratti in his ‘Flora romana’ must be accepted as validly published. Notes are given on the validly re-published names. Of these Agaricum and Coralloides may cause some difficulties. Conservation of Fomes (Fr.) Fr. against Agaricum [Mich.] Maratti is proposed. To the nomina rejicienda of the conserved name Ramaria (Fr.) Bon. Coralloides [Tourn.] Maratti should be added.

Description: In the course of investigations on the fungal flora of the salt-marsh soils of Kuwait, a Gilmaniella species was isolated twice in 1973. Its smooth vegetative mycelium and large conidia with relatively wide germ pores indicated that it is sufficiently different from the only known species in Gilmaniella, G. humicola Barron (1964), to warrant its description as a new species.

Description: Buergersiochloa was described by Pilger in 1914 with B. bambusoides as the only species. A second species was added by S. T. Blake in 1946. Very little is known about this genus; the plants appear to be very rare in lowland primary forests of New Guinea and only 11 collections are presently known, nine of which were directly available for this study, while of a tenth extensive descriptions and drawings have been published. As was already pointed out by Pilger Buergersiochloa is evidently related to Olyra Linné. Phytogeographically this is very interesting, as Olyra belongs to the Olyreae, a tribe of the Bambusoideae practically restricted to the forests of Central- and South America. Only O. latifolia Linné is found also in Africa and Madagascar (probably not in the Mascarenes as indicated by Hubbard, 1959). Some have included the genera Pharus Linné and Leptaspis R. Br. in the Olyreae (e.g. Pilger, 1954), the latter genus occurring in New Guinea also, but Hubbard (1959) and Jacques-Félix (1962) have convincingly demonstrated that these genera belong to a separate tribe, the Phareae. Calderón & Soderstrom (1973) have even excluded it from the Bambusoideae.

Description: A revision of the species, comprised in the section Eu-Protium of the genus Protium from the region from Asia to Australia incl., might., in view of the elaborate publications by H. J. Lam (The Burseraceae of the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula etc., Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg, S. 3, 12, 1932, p. 318—324) and J. J. Swart (A Monograph of the genus Protium and some allied genera, Rec. Trav. bot. néerl., 39, 1942, p. 211—146), seem superfluous. However, an examination of the Clemens material from New-Guinea of 1939 and of the type material of the thusfar mysterious Bursera tonkinensis Guill. justified the publication of some notes thereon. To these some remarks concerning observations on other species have been added. I am much indebted to the directors of the following herbaria for the loan of material: the herbarium of the Botanisches Museum, Berlin; the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass. (A); the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; the herbarium of the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; the herbarium of the Botanical Institute, Wroclaw (BRSL); the “Rijksherbarium”, Leiden (L).

Description: In the course of studying the Asteraceae for a proposed Alpine Flora of New Guinea the first author selected the genus Cotula for this separate paper as it showed some variability that was not easily explained. While working on this, Dr. Lloyd’s paper on the genus in the New Zealand Journal of Botany 10 (1972) 277, came to his notice and on corresponding with him it turned out that he had studied the New Guinea species already to some extent but had nothing ready for publication. At the same time, Dr. J. Koster of Leiden, Netherlands, was known to work on a study of all Asteraceae of New Guinea and it soon transpired that when the manuscript was finished and a copy sent to her that very same day she had put down the first words of her manuscript on this genus. She generously allowed us to go ahead with our publication and after Dr. Lloyd had reviewed the first author’s manuscript the paper developed as presented here. This group of small, mat-forming species has been known in New Guinea to date only by C. leptoloba Mattfeld, described from the Wharton Ra. in Papua. Since then, however, it has been collected in several other regions ranging from the Carstensz Mts. in West New Guinea to Mt. Aniata in the southeastern tip of Papua. At first glance the material looked rather homogenous, but on closer look it turned out that at least one species, the material from Mt. Wilhelmina, had to be taken out as new. At this stage, various papers by Dr. Lloyd from Christchurch, New Zealand, drew attention to the group more forcibly and critically. The material available was studied by Dr. Lloyd and he came to the conclusion that at least 4 species should be distinguished, with which the senior author could concur. The differences between the 4 species recognised here are considerable, but the species limits are not well known and the descriptions may need revising when further material is available. Three new species are described below and C. leptoloba is redescribed to include the variation observed in specimens from new localities.

Description: Trees; leaves with caducous stipules; tertiary nervation descendant, but usually lax and irregular; inflorescences clustered, axillary, manyflorous; calyx with two rows of four lobes each; corolla 8-merous, each lobe with 2 dorsal segments as long as itself; stamens epipetalous, 8, in the same row as the 8 alternipetalous staminodes; ovary usually 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled, ovules anatropous, attached at the base; fruit a berry, 1—2-seeded; seeds with a small, circular, basal scar, in which the hilum and the micropyle are placed close to one another; albumen abundant; cotyledons thin, foliaceous; radicle long, cylindrical, exsert — About 80 species in all tropical countries, except in America. In 1925, Lam (Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, sér. 3, 7, 1925, 235—237) described of M. elengi three varieties, var. typica, var. parvifolia and var. brevifolia and a forma longepedunculata in the type-variety. As was pointed out already by him, the differences between the two new varieties are slight, if existing at all. As those between M. elengi and M. parvifolia were obscured by many intermediate stages Lam was forced to consider the latter a variety of the former. Studying the more abundant material at our disposal it becomes clear that M. elengi is an extremely variable species in which it is impossible to distinguish varieties or forms. However, it must be pointed out that in the western parts of the Archipelago the leaves are large (up to 18 cm long), whereas they are decreasing in size towards the east, ending in the small leaves of the former species M. parvifolia (up to 6 cm long).

Description: Dr Van Ooststroom’s revision of the genus Argyreia in this series (Blumea V, 2, 1943, p. 352) did not include the collections from the Philippines and the Malay Peninsula. The species from the Philippines have been treated later on by Van Ooststroom (Blumea VI, 2, 1950, p. 337), whereas further additions were given in Blumea V, 3, 1945, p. 686 and Blumea VII, 1, 1952, p. 170. The representatives from the Malay Peninsula remained uninvestigated so far. The present paper should be considered an addition to Van Ooststroom’s papers. Consequently I have not repeated the lists of literature, descriptions, or remarks, unless important additions or changes were necessary.

Description: Thusfar the genus Dacryodes, as far as the Australasian area is concerned, was only known to occur in Western Malaysia (including the Philippines), with a centre in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Only one, out of 13, species is extending towards Cochin China in the West and the Philippines and N. Celebes in the East and another is known from the Malay Peninsula, British N. Borneo and the Philippines (cf. the senior writer’s paper in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. III, Vol. XII, 1932, 334—366). Thus, Dacryodes was so far considered one of the many exclusively or preponderantly west-malaysian genera which do not or hardly cross Wallace’s line.

Description: A sheet of the BSIP collections, gathered in Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz group, near the proper Solomon Is., had tentatively been identified as probably belonging to Euphorbiaceae, but was discarded by Airy Shaw in 1962 and now again in 1974. Closer examination showed it to belong to Melicytus, a suggestion made by Dr. R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. This genus is distributed in the West Pacific Islands, from New Zealand to Samoa; it was mapped by Van Balgooy in Pacific Plant Areas (2, 1966, 103). Though the specimen is male, we assume it to belong to Melicytus, not Hymenanthera. This represents a considerable extension of the generic area. Comparing the floral structure it is distinctly different from the Samoan form and also from M. ramiflorus Forst. by the large, elongated, long-acuminate petals. It is a good match of the Fijian

Description: The purpose of the Nederlandse Groenland Expeditie 1975 was the study of Long-tailed Skua (de Korte, see page 6) and several species of waders (Bosman, see page 4) in the Scoresbysund region (East Greenland). In addition to skua’s and waders we studied breeding biology of geese in spring and growth and mortality of Arctic Tern chicks on Fame Øer in August. These studies were a continuation of previous work in the area (de Korte, 1973 and 1974). We choose another base than in 1973 and 1974 (Kap Stewart) and worked mainly near Kaerelv at the head of Hurry Inlet. Forty eight bird specimens belonging to 12 species were collected and skinned. The stomach contents have been preserved in spirits for subsequent examination.

Description: The present material has been collected at three occasions: during a stay on Curaçao and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles) in 1958/59, and again in 1973/74, and during a visit in 1963 to La Parguera, Puerto Rico. The copepods recorded here as associates of Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Asclerocorallia) all belong to the Cyclopoida. Two sections of these are represented: the Poecilostomata and the Siphonostomata. Members of other copepod groups were not found in the Antillean region on the hosts in question.

Description: This report is the seventh in a series of papers dealing with Mysidacea (Crustacea) from shallow water in the tropical and warm-temperate areas of the western Atlantic (BRATTEGARD 1969, 1970a, 1970b, 1973, 1974a, 1974b). Five of these are dealing with material collected by the author in southern Florida, the Bahamas, Colombia and Panamá. Another paper deals with shallow-water mysids gathered mainly in Mexico (Quintana Roo province) and the Antilles. Hitherto unpublished material of shallow-water mysids collected by various investigators working in near-shore water of the Lesser Antilles and other Caribbean regions is presented in this publication together with previously published records from the area. At least 20 species were collected; new and previous records are presented with short notes on geographical distribution and ecology.

Description: A survey is given of the assassin bugs (Reduviidae) collected on the six Netherlands Antilles. All together 22 species were sampled: 6 Emesinae, 1 Saicinae, 8 Harpactorinae, 1 Piratinae, 4 Stenopodinae, 1 Triatominae and 1 Phymatinae. Sixteen species were captured on the three islands of the Leeward Group, Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire; seven species were found on the three islands of the Windward Group, St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin; both groups of islands have only 1 species in common. The local distribution of the species represented (Table 1) does not fit with their known gross distribution in the neotropics. Curaçao harbours more than 70% of the total number of species; zoogeographical aspects have been discussed. Two species are described as new; Cosmoclopius curacavensis (Harpactorinae), living on Curaçao as a predator exclusively on the weed Cleome viscosa, and Oncerotrachelus sabensis (Saicinae) from Saba. The identity of some Emesinae and the single phimatine specimen captured remain unsettled for the present. Triatoma maculata. vector of a T. cruzi strain with low virulence, occurs in two colour forms; the dark one restricted to Aruba, the light-coloured form to Curaçao and Bonaire. Total drawings of most species are presented in addition to some 120 figures of structural details of eggs, larvae and adults. Features of eggs and genitalia are discussed on pages 17-28. Some points of general interest are: The egg of Sinea coronata appeared to be quite different from what is known from other Sinea spp. Eggs of Piratinae have movable slips with plastron function. The harpactorines Atrachelus fuscus and Sinea coronata lack parameres. Behavioural aspects concerned with utilizing sticky material have been summarized. Evidence is presented that the subrectal gland, occurring in many Harpactorinae, secretes the colleterial liquid for the egg-batch. The asymmetrical genitalia of the Piratinae and the endosomal brush zone and basal differentiation of the ductus ejaculatorius in some Stenopodinae are stressed.

Description: The mites listed in the present paper have been collected from July to October 1971 by the junior author and Drs. N. J. J. KOK during their stay in Surinam with financial aid of the Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (WOTRO). Mites have been collected occasionally mainly from birds, found dead on the roads, and from captured birds which died in the pet shop “Tropical Wildlife”, Paramaribo. As in many instances the hosts were decayed, few mites could be prepared. The relation of formerly described species to new species clearly shows our poor knowledge of parasites on birds from this region. Most of the species have been described by the senior author (ČERNÝ, 1974a, b, 1975). This paper contains descriptions of new Trouessartia species and a survey of all species found. The taxa are arranged in alphabetical order.

Description: Several samples of asphaltic marls from the Island of Buton have been analysed on diatoms. These samples after their treatment with solvents to eliminate the asphalt content appeared to consist of greyish or yellowish white marls. Despite the vigorous treatment with several solvents, by which the asphalt content was reduced to a small fraction of a percent, it proved to be impossible to prepare and wash the samples in the usual way. Only after heating them to about 800° F. for several hours, they could with much care be washed and cleaned adequately for final examination. The samples were labelled: Waisioe and Kaboengka.

Description: On Jamaica many of the endemic land birds are poorly known from an ecological and behavioral standpoint. Therefore, the following information on the food, foraging behavior, and habitats of the Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo Saurothera vetula), obtained while engaged in other studies, should be helpful in the future analyses of this species. To my knowledge the only references to its food habits are that of GOSSE (1847) who found invertebrates (caterpillars, locusts, and spiders) and vertebrates (Anolis lizards and a mouse) in the stomach of this species and of DANFORTH (1928) who found a large green lizard Anolis garmani) and beetles in the stomach of a bird he collected. The Jamaican Lizard Cuckoo is widely distributed, occurring from lowland limestone scrub forest to montane forest. Throughout its distribution it prefers dense woodlands and thickets, although on occasion it is found in more open country.

Description: Miopliocene marls from the island of Buton yield a large marine foraminiferal fauna and some calcareous algae. Three-hundred and thirthy-three species have been identified. Two genera, twenty-three species and four varieties are described as new. The existence of mud-volcanoes in young neogene time is advocated.

Description: Last year Prof. Dr. I.M. van der Vlerk brought to my attention a collection of fossil remains of mammals dredged up in the East Schelde, province of Zeeland, Netherlands. The fossils were obtained by the Schot brothers of the ZZ 8 from the bottom of a through ca. 1500 m long, 200 m wide, and 35 to 45 m deep along the South coast of Schouwen island North of the Roggenplaat, and belong to the municipal museum of Zieriksee. The keeper, Mr. P. van Beveren, suggested that they be identified. Prof. Van der Vlerk kindly arranged a short visit to Zieriksee to enable me to select the specimens described in the present contribution, and Prof. Dr. B.G. Escher, director of the Geological Museum at Leiden, had the photographs taken at his institution by Mr. W.F. Tegelaar. This cooperation is here gratefully acknowledged. The fossils dredged from the East Schelde, as might be expected, are of various ages. Besides remains of mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, and red deer, there are teeth of bunomastodontids and of primitive elephantines. Very similar teeth from the East Schelde have already been described by the late Miss Dr. A. Schreuder (1944, 1945a, 1949), who identified them as Anancus arvernensis (Croizet et Jobert) and Archidiskodon planifrons (Falconer et Cautley) respectively. The fossils thus identified are stained jet black, and for this reason have been referred to as “black fossils” in the Dutch literature (Van der Vlerk, 1938, p. 10; Van der Vlerk and Florschütz, 1950, p. 63; Van der Vlerk, 1951, p. 119/120; 1952, pp. 156, 157). They are taken to represent a fauna somewhat older than that of Tegelen in Limburg province (= Upper Villafranchian: Schreuder, 1945b), and have been correlated with the Red Crags of England, Upper Pliocene or Lower Pleistocene according to one’s own favoured definition of the Plio-Pleistocene boundary.

Description: Seit 1949 ist das Geologisch-Mineralogische Institut der Reichsuniversität Leiden, (und zwar dessen Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Leitung Prof. Dr. E. Niggli) mit Untersuchungen am Granitmassiv von Sept-Laux (Belledonne-Massiv, Frankreich) beschäftigt. Diese haben als Ziel, einen kleinen Beitrag zu liefern zum Versuche der Lösung eines der wichtigsten petrogenetischen Probleme, nämlich der Frage nach der Entstehung von granitischen Gesteinen und Massiven. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde ein Teil des zentralen Granites des Belledonnemassivs im Masstabe 1:10000 kartiert, wobei besonders interessante Stellen mit dem Messtisch im Masstabe 1:100 bis 1:1000 aufgenommen wurden. Mehr als 800 Handstücke wurden gesammelt und untersucht; von 100 Handstücken wurden chemische Analysen angefertigt, um ein so genau mögliches Bild der petrochemisehen Verhältnisse zu erlangen. Tausende von Kluftmessungen wurden ausgeführt und an zahlreichen Proben gefügekundliche Untersuchungen angestellt. Ueber diese und andere Terrainund Laboratoriumsarbeiten wird später von meinen Mitarbeitern ausführlich berichtet werden. In der vorliegenden ersten Mitteilung soil nur ein Detailproblem behandelt werden, nämlich die Anwendung stereometrischer Kriteria bei der Lösung der Frage, wie die Aplit- bis Pegmatitgänge des Sept-Laux-Gebietes entstanden sind. Die Wahl des Arbeitsgebietes für unsere Granit-untersuchungen fiel aus den folgenden Gründen auf die hochalpine Region von Sept-Laux (± 2000 m über Meer) : die Aufschlüsse sind im allgemeinen hervorragend und ausgedehnt, da Vegetation kaum stört; ferner sind die Gesteine im allgemeinen sehr frisch und wenig verwittert. Als Nachteil muss in Kauf genommen werden, dass die alpine Gebirgsbildung nicht spurlos an den Gesteinen vorbeigegangen ist. Der wohl herzynische Granit von Sept-Laux zeigt mikro- und makroskopisch zahlreiche Erscheinungen der spateren alpinen Dislokations-metamorphose und Orogenese. Immerhin ist zu bemerken, dass die alpine Gesteinsumwandlung hier bedeutend geringere Ausmasse als in den schweizerischen Zentralmassiven annahm.

Description: One of the specimens dealt with in the present paper has been described in previous papers, in which it appeared under three different names, all of which for different reasons eventually proved to be erroneous. The present identification as Sacculina cordata Shiino at last seems to be definite. The second specimen, as the first from the material collected by the Siboga Expedition, belongs to the species Sacculina papposa V. K. & B., of which up till now the type specimen only was known; the parasite dealt with here is interesting because the excrescences of its external cuticle are of a structure slightly different from that of the corresponding parts in the type; moreover, in this specimen retinacula were found, yielding an additional character for the definition of the species. The remainder of the material dealt with here proved to belong to a new species, characterized in the first place by the peculiar excrescences of the external cuticle.

Description: A qualitative benthos study was undertaken in the Western Baltic in order to find trends in the distribution patterns of the most common spp and taxonomic groups. The characteristics suiting spp and communities for use as indicators are discussed. The main environmental factors considered were the degree of sewage pollution, and the type of substrate. 3 ecological groups of organisms can be distinguished on the basis of their reactions to pollution. Sensitive spp should be investigated most closely in their preferred substrates, those favoured by pollution in the types of substrates in which they normally do not occur in great numbers. Sand bottom and, to a lesser degree, eelgrass assemblages are the best indicator communities.

Description: (1) The influence of organic sewage pollution on the macrobenthic community structure of a shallow inshoreregion was studied in the South of Kiel Bay (Baltic Sea). (2) The sandy bottom bears 3 associations withinthe pollution gradient. They can be characterized by: (a) Capitella capitata and Oligochaeta (50-100 m distancefrom the sewage outlet), (b) Pygospio elegans (200-ca. 700 m) and (c) Bathyporeia sarsi (〉700 m). They haveno distinct borders but resemble rather a continuum. (3) In the less affected reaches the influence of biologicalsubstrate structure becomes more evident. Distinct associations can be distinguished. (4) The combination oflife forms, number of spp, diversity and other community features depend on the degree of the substrate'sspatial heterogenity in a characteristic way. They are also strongly influenced by the extent of pollution. (5)The inshore benthic macrofauna provides an important contribution to the self purification of the wholeecosystem by transforming particulate organic matter to available fish food. Abundance and biomass aremultiplied due to sewage sedimentation. This process creates the danger of accumulation of poisonoussubstances in addition to the eutrophication problem. (6) More highly diverse systems (e.g. mussel beds)resist better those factors which directly influence the evenness of the community. The ecological bufferconsists of many specialized competitors and predators. Systems low in diversity (e.g. sand) react much morestrongly to disturbances of this type. (7) Faunal composition, evenness, species richness, population densityand biomass of the communities are suitable parameters of an ecological method for the early recognition ofenvironmental stress.

Description: The Scrophulariaceae, though chiefly a family of herbaceous plants, contain also a number of genera with trees ( Paulownia and Wightia) and genera with species of suffruticose and fruticose habit. My colleague Mr. A. M. Cleef, who is studying the vegetation of the high Andean parts of Colombia collected material of the small genus Aragoa, endemic in the paramos of the Colombian and Venezuelan Andes. Though this genus consists in the main of small broomlike shrubs, a new species, Aragoa perez-arbelaeziana Romero, discovered by him, is a small tree, of which the stem reaches a diameter of 8 cm. The wood of Aragoa of which the structure was so far unknown, proved to be noteworthy because of the complete absence of rays and parenchyma. There was no indication at all of growth rings, and the vessels can not be distinguished from the fibres as seen on a cross section, as both are of equal width. In longitudinal sections vessels become recognizable by their simple perforations, their spiral thickenings and the presence of a few simple pits; whereas the fibre tracheids lack the spiral thickenings, and possess numerous bordered pits on both the radial and tangential walls. The diameter of the vessels and fibres varies in the 5 species investigated by me between 16 and 24 μm; the length of the vessel members is on the average 260 (185-370) μm and that of the fibre tracheids 310 (220-450) μm. This unusual wood structure was found not only in the small stems with a diameter of 4-8 mm, but also in the stem of the only arboreous species.

Description: The epilithic macrolichen vegetation in the Angmagssalik District was studied in connection with phytosociological investigations. Based upon 32 vegetation analyses 5 vegetation units are distinguished according to the concepts of the French-Swiss School of Phytosociology: 1. the Alectoria pubescens sociation soc. nov., 2. the Umbilicarietum cylindricae, 3. the Parmelietum omphalodis sphaerophoretosum fragilis subass. nov., 4. the Umbilicarietum arcticae and 5. the community of Xanthoria elegans. Although the substrate in this case is not such an important ecological factor, a distinct relation with the habitat could be proved. Studies of the literature showed that phytosociological knowledge of epilithic lichens in Greenland and in other arctic and northern alpine areas is very scant. F. J. A. Daniëls Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht Instituut voor Systematische Plantkunde Heidelberglaan 2 Utrecht 2506 The Netherlands

Description: The data on which this study is based, were gathered during a scientific expedition which lasted from September 1948 to May 1949. The author had accepted an invitation to join Prof. J. LANJOUW who on this expedition was entrusted with the botanical part of the investigations. They worked in close contact with the other staff members, the zoologists Dr D. C. GEIJSKES and P. H. CREUTZBERG, and the geo-morphologists Prof. J. P. BAKKER and Dr A. BEOUWER. Especially the cooperation with the latter group proved to be of prime importance for the study of the vegetation. For more general Information with regard to the aims and scope of this expedition the reader is referred to the preliminary report (26).

Description: The authors report the discovery of Scheuchzeria palustris L. in the eastern part of the Belgian Kempen in the summer of 1974. This find is of importance a.o. from the viewpoint of plantgeography, since Scheuchzeria had not been found in Belgium after 1946, and therefore was considered extinct there. The species had never been reported earlier from the region where it was found in 1974 (fig. 1). In August 1974 14 plants in fruit were counted in a bog situated on a plateau consisting of fluvial sand and gravel deposits of pleistocene origin, about 90 m above sea level, in the municipality of Maasmechelen. The plants grew in a depression between a Sphagnum island and the gradually rising margin of the fen, together with Sphagnum cuspidatum, Juncus bulbosus, and Eriophorum angustifolium (fig. 2). According to the French – Swiss School of vegetation classification, the fytocoenosis of which Scheuchzeria palustris forms a part, belongs to the Rhynchosporion albae W. Koch 1926; class Scheuchzerietea Den Held, Barkman & Westhoff 1969. Scheuchzeria was found in an ombrotrofic bog the water level of which can vary a few tens of centimeters. Measurements of the pH at two different times gave values of 4,1 and 4,2. It is gratifying in the light of the rapidly decreasing number of stations of Scheuchzeria palustris in the Nortwestern European lowland that the newly discovered locality in Belgium is not under an immediate threat, so that its continued existence seems guaranteed for some time to come.

Description: The genus Callisthene is found in the Extra Amazonian part of the Brazilian mainland, particularly in the zone of the campos and in the adjacent parts of Bolivia. The genus comprises eight species, as defined in this paper. It shows its greatest diversity on the central plateau of the Brazilian state of Minas Geraes. Most of the species are typical trees of the campos of the interior Brazilian plateau, which is characterized by a climate with a severe dry season. The genus was first described by MARTIUS in 1824. He mentioned all important characters and placed it in the Vochysiaceae, a family which had been described only four years earlier by A. DE ST. HILAIRE (1820). It was named after Callisthenes (360—327 B.C.), the Greek naturalist and historian of Alexander the Great, relative and pupil of Aristotle. MARTIUS (l.c.) described 3 species, WARMING (1875 in the “Flora Brasiliensis”) 7, while BRIQUET (1919) added several others, only one of which — in the opinion of the present author — can stand after careful studies of the complete type material.

Description: Protium Bangii Swart n. sp. Arbor. Ramuli satis robusti teretes striati fuscescentes lenticellis ellipticis sparsis. Folia 2-juga circ. 15 cm longa ubique glabra juvenilia pilis nonnullis munita, petiolis semiteretibus basi subincrassatis 3,5 cm longis, interjugis teretibus supra carinatis 2 cm longis, petiolulis foliolorum lateralium semiteretibus subalatis 2—3 mm longis sed terminalibus teretibus carinatis 15 mm longis, foliolis elliptico-oblongis subovatis apicem versus valde angustatis 8 cm longis 3,75 cm latis lateralibus leviter asymmetricis basalibus in super brevioribus, omnibus apicem versus gradatim acuminatis, acumine attenuato 7,5 mm longo 5 mm lato, basi late cuneata vel rotundata, margine integro, pergamentaceis laevibus, nervis secundariis utrinque circ. 12 apicem versus prope marginem conjunctis, nervis primariis supra sulcatis infra cum sec. et tert. prominentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares pauciramosae floribus satis numerosis compositae, rhachibus teretibus sparse puberulis, pedunculis usque ad 9 cm longis, ramulis sec. ad 3 cm, tert. ad 0,5 cm longis. Pedicelli teretes 0,5—1 mm longi cum bracteis bracteolisque late triangularibus 0,5 mm longis calycibusque sparse puberuli. Flores 5-meri 3 mm longi. Calyx late cupuliformis circ. 1 mm alta, lobis triangularibus obtusis tubo aequilongis. Petala oblongo-ovata inflexo-apiculata glabra. Stamina 10, filamentis subulatis 2 mm longis, antheris oblongis 0,5 mm longis. Discus annularis 10-lobis 0,5 mm altus glaber. Pistillum glabrum 1,5 mm altum basi disco cinctum ex ovario ovoideo circ. 1 mm alto, stylo brevissimo et stigmate 5-lobo compositum. Typus: Bang 2370 in U.S. Nat. Herb. 1380537. Distributio: Bolivia, dept. La Paz, flum. Yungas, Coroico, Bang 2370 (Aug. 1894, flor.).

Description: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert has finished his work on the Labiatae of Java. Dr R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr., Leyden, continued his work on Malaysian Rubiaceae and finished the genera Bikkia, Lerchea, Argostemma, Steenisia; he stated with the genus Ophiorrhiza.

Description: Recently a 9-page report was issued as a first step to establish a modest but effective station for all kinds of field work, amid the Gunung Leuser Reserves, on the bank of the Alas River. Some details about these Reserves, which together cover 6500 sq. km, have been sketched on pages 2185 and 2186 of Flora Malesiana Bulletin no. 27. The whole area is exceedingly rich in plant and animal life, and is also geologically interesting and varied. It would be the first station of its kind in Sumatra, situated at about 300 m altitude, with tops of 3000 m and higher within reach. Little ecological work has been done yet, except on orangutans, but collections of identified material of plants and animals, and publications thereon, are in existence, which means that a basis for further work has been laid. The station will have elementary facilities, like working benches, a basic hand-library, electricity, and a dark-room, but workers should bring their own specific movable equipment.

Description: ABEYWICKRAMA, B.A. (ed.), A revised handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, Vol. 1, part 1 (1973) 107 pp., 12 fig. Local orders to Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Ceylon, Rupees 10. Orders outside Ceylon to Smithsonian Press, Publ. Distribution Section, 1242 124th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037, U.S.A., US$ 5 or £ 2. This is the first fascicle of a revised edition of Trimen’s excellent ’A handbook of the flora of Ceylon’. It is the result of a project sponsored jointly by the University of Ceylon, the Royal Botanic Gardens Peradeniya, the Ceylon Department of Agriculture, and the Smithsonian Institution of Washington, D.C. (Principal Investigator Dr. F.R. Fosberg; co-principal investigators: Prof. Dr. B.A. Abeywickrama, Dr. J.W.L. Peiris, Mr. D.M.A. Jayaweera, Prof. M.D. Dassanayake, and Mr. K.L.D. Amaratunga).

Description: The Botanical Survey of India is conducting field work in the districts of Kameng, Subansiri, and Lohit in NE. India, the western Himalayas, and the Andamans & Nicobars. During 1970-1973, field work in Goa by the Botanical Survey of India resulted in about 1500 specimens, 400 of them woody.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae – b) Fungi & Lichenes – c) Bryophytes – d) Pteridophytes – e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.

Description: In addition to W.H. Brown’s works Dr Quisumbing has completed our knowledge of useful Philippine plants by the compilation of a big volume which contains a mine of information of over 1000 different species. Preceded by an introduction, the systematic sequence is adopted for families, genera and species. Each species is provided with a list of its synonyms, local names, a popular description, and a digestion of its phytochemical and medicinal literature. There is an appendix on miscellaneous economic algae, one on edible and poisonous fungi, one on Philippine plants reported to cause hayfever or asthma, some fungi causing skin disease, a list of cyanophoric plants, a bibliography of 630 articles and books, and several indices. This book is of great use to all students of Malaysian botany. Dr Quisumbing who wrote it mostly before the war is to be congratulated with its excellent production.

Description: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert arrived in Holland on short leave November 10, 1951. Prof. Dr K.B. Boedijn, of the Agricultural Faculty at Bogor, Java, was on leave in Holland in 1951. He returned to Bogor November 1951.

Description: Aponogetonaceae. Revised for Indo-China by Mr. H.W.E. van Bruggen (Heemskerk, Netherlands, associated with the Rijksherbarium). Araliaceae. For Malesia, all that is not Schefflera (of which Dr. D.G. Frodin, Port Moresby, is taking care) is under revision with Professor W.R. Philipson (Christchurch). He is making good progress.

Description: The cystidia of the genus Subulicystidium have been studied with the scanning electron microscope. Their ornamentation consists of two rows of ribbon-shaped structures, arranged crosswise to the main axis of the cystidia. The free ends of these structures are double-refractive and have formerly been described as ‘four rows of short crystals’. A key to the accepted three species is given; one new combination is proposed.

Description: A few types considered to be destroyed in Berlin appeared to be still existing. Consequently, a few alterations in I and II became necessary. Furthermore, the late Mr. L. J. Brass mentioned in a letter some mistakes in I to be corrected.

Description: Frutex volubilis ramulis teretibus, costatis, glabris, inferne nudis cicatricosis, superne dense foliosis, 4—5 mm crassis. Folia chartacea, alterna (internodiis 2—3 mm longis), brevissime petiolata, lanceolata, apice acuta mucronulataque, basi cuneata, margine integerrima vel subdentata, utrinque glaberrima, subtus nervo mediano prominenti, venis secundariis argute reticularis; petiolo 2—5 mm longo, lamina 7—10 cm longa, 2—2.5 cm lata. Capitula discoidea, multa, in apice ramulorum densissime corymbosa; pedicellis glabris, ca. 5 mm longis. Involucrum turbinatum, 12—15 mm longum, 5 mm crassum; bracteis papyraceis, glaberrimis, ca. 15, externis ovatis, acutis, margine subciliatis, 3—5 mm longis, 2—2.3 mm latis; internis lanceolatis, acutis, usque 15 mm longis, 1.8 mm latis. Receptaculum convexum. Flores 5, isomorphi, hermaphroditi, corolla tubulosa 10 mm longa, superne Pentalobata; lobulis lanceolatis ca. 4 mm longis. Achaenia (valde inmatura), leviter compressa, minute glandulosa. Pappus biseriatus, ochraceus.

Description: After the senior writer, together with W. W. Varossieau, had published a revision of this monogeneric family (Blumea III, 1938—’39 and IV, 1941), some more material has been examined by us and, moreover, some new species have been described. Thanks to the courtesy of Prof. F. Gagnepain of Paris, and the Director of the Musee d’Histoire Naturelle, Phanérogamic, we had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of Gagnepain's new species from Indo-China, All with all we felt that a new key and a brief enumeration of the species with the main literature, their synonyms and distribution, might be useful. SARCOSPERMATACEAE H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. III, 7, 1925, 248; Blumea III, 1, 1938, 184.

Description: As is the case with Tepualia stipularis for South America, Metrosideros angustifolia Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. 3 (1797) 270, is the sole representative of the capsular Myrtaceae in Africa. It occurs as a shrub or small tree at lower elevations, often along river banks, in the south-west corner of South Africa.

Description: In addition to my papers on the genus Argyreia in Malaysia I can here give a few descriptions of new species, mainly from Sumatra and Borneo, and some critical notes on others. A revision of the species of Malaysia as a whole, including those of the Malay Peninsula and the Philippine Islands will be published in the near future in Flora Malesiana.

Description: Dr. Jan Theodoor Henrard, former curator of the Gramineae at the Rijksherbarium, died at Leiden 28 August 1974, in his 93rd year. Among the staff-members of the Rijksherbarium there are only a few left who have known Dr. Henrard, as he retired in 1946 on reaching the age of 65. They will remember him as an enthusiastic taxonomist with a great love for the variation of living nature. He was always busy analyzing the often very slight differential characters of importance in the family to which he devoted a great part of his life, the Grasses.

Description: The leaf, twig, and nodal anatomy of Alzatea, Axinandra, Crypteronia, Dactylocladus, and Rhynchocalyx is described in detail. This family, as newly delimited by Van Beusekom-Osinga and Van Beusekom, appears to be very heterogeneous, a conclusion supported by the wood anatomical diversity reported in another paper. The nodes may be simply unilacunar, unilacunar with a complete girdling trace, of the common gap (or split lateral) plus median trace type, or trilacunar. Cortical bundles may be present in addition. Further diversity is present in e.g. cuticular texture, stomatal type, hypodermal development, arrangement of vascular bundles in petiole and midrib, mechanical support of the veins, the crystal complement, foliar sclereids, and cork origin. Anatomical evidence only supports the Myrtalean character of all genera, and a close mutual affinity of Axinandra and Crypteronia. These genera, together with Dactylocladus show several features characteristic for some Melastomataceae, which family with its wide anatomical range would also cover most of the anatomical diversity of Lythraceae, Sonneratiaceae, Oliniaceae, Alzatea, and Rhynchocalyx. Rhynchocalyx appears to be closer in its anatomy to some Lythraceae, Oliniaceae, and Melastomataceae than to the other members of Crypteroniaceae. Alzatea shows affinities with all families mentioned, but remains problematic with its trilacunar node not known to occur in the other families. The complex pattern of overlapping anatomical ranges of Crypteroniaceae s.l., Melastomataceae, Lythraceae, Oliniaceae, and Sonneratiaceae may be interpreted as evidence of intimate relationships between these families.

Description: The present paper, which gives some additions to H. J. Lam, The Burseraceae of the Malay Archipelago and Peninsula (Bull. Jard. hot. Buitenzorg, S. 3, vol. 12, 1932, p. 420), is based on material, belonging to the herbaria of Leiden and Bogor. The genus is restricted to the following 2 Malaysian species, one of which is new to science.

Description: In January 1949 Professor H. J. Lam, director of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, on his way to the 7th Pacific Science Congress in New Zealand, spending some time in Fiji, was shown by Mr B. E. V. Parham, Department of Agriculture, Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, a slender tree, cultivated in the Agricultural Experimental Garden Naduruloulou. The tree was unidentified and of unknown origin. Some flowering material was collected and at our request Mr Parham was good enough to send some ripe fruits in liquid for an investigation I was entrusted with. Additional material was studied from the herbaria at Brisbane, Kew, Leiden, Melbourne and Paris. It is my pleasant duty to tender my best thanks to the directors of these institutes for the loan of this valuable material, among which the type.

Description: The second part of this series on the Bulimulidae deals with the genera Plekocheilus Guilding and Naesiotus Albers, two and six species of which are recognized respectively. The following new synonymy is proposed: Bulimulus chrysaloides Pilsbry = Naesiotus chrysalis (Pfeiffer). Bulimulus (Protoglyptus) sanctaeluciae var. luciae Pilsbry is considered to be a valid species.

Description: 1. The original descriptions of Branchiostoma caribaeum are reviewed and the synonyms for the species mentioned. 2. A statistical analysis was carried out on twelve taxonomic characters of specimens of B. caribaeum from Kingston Harbour, Jamaica. The twelve characters were: total myotomes; preatriopore myotomes; postatriopore myotomes; myotomes between atriopore and anus; postanal myotomes; caudal fin length as a percentage of total body length; body depth as a percentage of total body length; dorsal fin ray chambers; ventral (preanal) fin ray chambers; gonads (on right side only); buccal cirri (on right side only). 3. The characters were ranked in order of increasing variation or decreasing taxonomic significance. The least variable and therefore the most important diagnostic character was found to be the number of preatriopore myotomes. This character cannot be used on its own to separate B. caribaeum from the other species of Branchiostoma of the Western Atlantic. 4. All the specimens of B. caribaeum found in Kingston Harbour show the origin of the upper lobe of the caudal fin considerably posterior to the lower lobe. The variability of the caudal fin shape within the species B. caribaeum is discussed. It is concluded that the shape of the caudal fin cannot be used as a diagnostic character to separate the species of Branchiostoma of the Western Atlantic. 5. The position of the anus in the majority (62 percent) of the specimens examined was behind the midpoint of the lower caudal lobe. The other 38 percent showed the anus at the midpoint of the lower caudal lobe. The variability of the position of the anus both within the species B. caribaeum and in the species of Branchiostoma of the Western Atlantic is discussed. It is also concluded that the position of the anus can no longer be used as a diagnostic character to separate the species of Branchiostoma of the Western Atlantic. This character does however, separate the Eastern Atlantic group of Branchiostoma species from those of the Western Atlantic, because in all the former groups the anus is located well in advance of the midpoint of the lower caudal lobe. 6. It is suggested here that B. platae may be a synonym for B. caribaeum. The main reason for this is that HUBBS (1922) stated that the two main characters by which B. platae differed from B. caribaeum were the shape of the caudal fin and the position of the anus behind the midpoint of the lower caudal lobe. It has been shown above that both these characters can no longer be used as distinguishing factors in determining whether a specimen is B. caribaeum or B. platae. 7. It is concluded that the species of Branchiostoma of the Western Atlantic are so similar that no one characteristic no matter how small the variation can be used to separate them unequivocally. Therefore statistical analysis of all populations of Branchiostoma are necessary for a complete diagnosis.

Description: Some 22 taxa of barnacles, including 19 Balanomorpha, are recorded from a large number of Caribbean localities, ranging from S. Florida to Trinidad, and from the Panama Canal Zone to Barbados. Balanus reticulatus Utinomi is recorded for the first time from the region and its morphology compared with B. amphitrite amphitrite Darwin, with which it has been confused. Chthamalus stellatus bisinuatus Pilsbry is raised to full specific rank and details given of the morphological differences between this species and the other common Caribbean chthamalid, C. angustitergum Pilsbry. Full discussion of the distribution of barnacles in the Caribbean is reserved to a later occasion, but some details are given of the relationship of the Chthamalus species to environmental factors. It is suggested that C. angustitergum in contrast to C. bisinuatus is especially adapted to life in the clear blue waters of the Caribbean, with their low standing crops of plankton and little detritus.

Description: In the East of Holland, in the Province of Overijssel, there is a region that, from the point of view of landscape, is one of the most beautiful and the most interesting we know in this country: Twente. Already in glancing through this publication it will be clear that this region played an important part in our research. Apart from the fact that our personal predilection for Twente undoubtedly was of some influence, this choice was equally directed by the geological wealth of that region coupled to the fact that here, as a consequence of numerous recent excavations, the deposits were excellently exposed. Of course, our research equally extended over other provinces but, whereas there a stress was laid on pollenanalytical research, geological research was less intensive than — for the reasons explained above — in Twente. Finally the research carried out near Usselo together with that carried out in S.W. Noord-Brabant, yielded together the solution for the dating of part of the coversands.

Description: H. Buttgenbach beschrieb im Jahre 1947 eine neues, H2O-haltiges Zinnmineral aus dem Belgisch-Kongo unter dem Namen „Varlamoffit”. In den Arbeiten von N. Varlamoff (1948a, 1948b, 1949) findet man Angaben über das Vorkommen und die paragenetischen Verhältnisse. H. Buttgenbach (1950) stellt fest, dass der von R. Herzenberg (1946) beschriebene Souxit vermutlich mit Varlamoffit identisch sei; da aber letzterer genauer beschrieben und untersucht ist, schlägt er vor, das Mineral weiterhin Varlamoffit zu nennen. S. Gastellier (1950) gibt die Resultate chemiseher Untersuchungen bekannt und A. Russell und E. A. Vincent (1952) schliesslich publizierten röntgenographische Untersuchungen und stellten fest, dass Varlamoffit auch in den Zinnerzgängen von Cornwall (England) vorkommt. Bevor wir zu den Resultaten unserer eigenen Untersuchungen übergehen wollen, sei im Nachstehenden eine kurze Uebersicht über die in den genannten Publikationen mitgeteilten Befunde gegeben.

Description: Scientific research concerning growth inhibitors, which has been pursued for several decades already, dealt mainly with the effect of these substances on the germination process. WIESNER (1894) demonstrated the presence of a growth inhibitor in the slime of the mistletoe (Viscum album) which prevented the germination of a great variety of seeds. OPPENHEIMER (1922) supplemented the analysis by placing seeds on the pulp of ripe tomatoes and he observed a strong inhibitive effect as a result of this treatment. In addition, however, he found that the inhibiting substance is thermolabile and insoluble in ether or alcohol. REINHARD (1933) corroborated Oppenheimer’s results for the most part. According to this author, however, the inhibiting agent in tomato juice is thermostabile, and it is not destroyed by boiling, neiher by neutralisation or by diluting the juice 50 times. In other fleshy fruits such as apples, pears and quinces KÖCKEMANN (1934) detected inhibiting substances capable of preventing the germination of Lepidium seeds. These substances were reported to be sensitive to peroxide and to alkali, thermostabile and soluble in water and in ether, but insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, the inhibiting agent extracted by LEHMANN (1937) from the exocarp if buckwheat is thermolabile. In Helianthus annuus and Avena sativa, finally, RUGE (1939) demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor that reduces the speed of germination to a considerable extent. FRÖSCHEL’S investigations on Trifolium and Beta will be dealt with in 4. This survey is not quite exhaustive, but clearly demonstrates that the inhibiting agent should not be regarded as a definite, well-defined chemical substance which is always the same in every individual case, but as a group of substances with analogous activities but most probably with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. Following KÖCKEMANN (1934) we can classify the inhibiting substances into two groups, as follows : 1. inhibiting substances in the testa or in the seed, and 2. inhibiting substances in the mesocarp of pulpy fruits.

Description: Up till now the lower deposits of peat (in Dutch: veen-op-groterediepte = peat at greater depth) have been investigated in the Netherlands mainly in the Western part of the country, viz. in the provinces of Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Zeeland. The analyses have shown that the development of this, now comparatively well known peat layer must have begun either in the second half of the boreal period or else in the beginning of the atlantic one, and that it must have come to an end in the first half of the latter. Among the earlier investigators the botanist Mrs VERNEER-LOUMAN and some geologists had arrived at the conclusion that the sudden transgression of the North sea which made an end to the formation of peat, took place in the boreal period, and hat the whole lower deposit of peat, therefore, was of boreal age (lit. 7). This opinion, however, was sufficiently disproved by FLORSCHÜTZ, and all subsequent analyses have confirmed the view that the peat formation must have stopped early in the atlantic period (lit. 2, 3, 4). The same conclusion was arrived at by GODWIN as a result of his investigations of the lower peat found in SE England (lit. 5, 6) and by several German investigators as a result of their analyses of the lower peat, found in NW Germany. Only one analyses of the lower peat in the province of Friesland, in the Northern part of the Netherlands, has sofar been published. The geologist VAN ANDEL found near Kiesterzijl, at a depth of only 3.50 m a thin layer of peat. He identified it with the lower peat from the W part of the Netherlands which occurs several meters deeper. His two diagrams show a boreal age for the basal layers and an atlantic age for the top ones and they confirm therefore the conclusions,obtained in the W part of the country (lit. 1).

Description: In this publication the authors describe the grassland communities rich in species especially those which occur on basic soils. The investigation was done in the Belgian part as well as in the Dutch part of St. Pietersberg situated south of the Dutch town of Maastricht. See map – fig. 1. St. Pietersberg is a long and narrow remnant of a plateau which becomes larger going towards the south. On the east side St. Pietersberg is bordered by the river Maas and on the west side by the rivulet Jeker. The altitude of the area investigated varies from about 100 m above sea level in the north till about 150 m above sea level in the south. The vegetation relevees were made on the basis of the principles of the French-Swiss school of phytosociology (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). In the middle of every plot the pH was measured at a depth of ca. 5 cm in the soil by means of a pH-meter with color indicator solution (Hellige). The calcium carbonate content was determined by means of a 10% HCl-solution (Soil Survey Staff, 1954). These measurements are recorded at the top of the table of phanerogams (Table I). During some days in august 1970 the course of temperature was measured at different depth levels in the soil on two localities with different exposition. See fig. 8. The subsoil of St. Pietersberg consist of chalk deposits from the Upper-Cretaceous. On the slopes these chalk deposits reach the surface or come very near to it. At the moment the chalk is in exploitation in open quarries of gigantic sizes, which destroy the landscape and the scenery. On top of the chalk tertiary and quarternary sand and gravel deposits are to be found. The climate has continental caracteristics. The precipitation is relatively low compared with the rest of the Netherlands, namely ca. 650 mm a year. In July and August the amount of precipitation is rather high, ca. 145 mm, whereas the months of February, March, and April are rather dry with only 125 – 140 mm. The average number of hours of sunshine is 1500 a year. Botanists have been interested in St. Pietersberg for a long time; for instance already in 1821 Bory de St. Vincent published a list of 627 phanerogams and 18 ferns, all growing on St. Pietersberg. In the present paper the authors pay attention to the botanical data of former times in so far as they are related to plants which appear in grassland communities rich in species. From this it becomes clear that several species have decreased or even totally vanished, such as Antennaria dioica, Sesleria caerulea, Viburnum lantana, Juniperus communis, and especially many species of orchids, e.g. Himanthoglossum hircinum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Orchis simia, and Ophrys apifera. Old data concerning the Bryophyta and Lichens are less numerous and because of this it is difficult to assess whether species have decreased or even have vanished. Phytosociological data about the chalk grasslands and other grasslands rich in species hardly ever occur in literature. A well detailed study of the vegetation of St. Pietersberg such as the one in this paper has not yet been published. During the investigation, the field work of which was carried out in the summer of 1970, most attention was paid to the grasslands on basic and neutral soils. In the system of vegetation classification according to the French-Swiss school of phytosociology these vegetation belong to the alliance Mesobromion (Br.-Bl. & Moor 1938) Oberd. 1957; order Brometalia (W. Koch 1926 n.n.) Br.-Bl. 1936; of the class Festuco – Brometea Br.-Bl. & R. Tüx. 1961. Three variants are to be distinguished within the Mesobrometum erecti Scherr. 1925 emend. Oberd. 1957, subassociation typicum: a. Melilotus albus-variant (relevees 1-10) This community occurs only near the western entrance of the Jekertunnel on a steep S.W. facing slope which originated artificially ca. sixty years ago when the tunnel was constructed. Locality F – fig. 1. Here the chalk comes to the surface and because of the steep slope there is a constant sliding down of the surface material of the soil, which prevents soil maturation. Consequently, species from the alliance Onopordion acanthii Br.-Bl. 1926 occur in addition to the chalk grassland vegetation of this locality. The Onopordion acanthii is typical for such situations. Character species are a.o. Verbascum nigrum and Melilotus albus. See Table I. This locality is the only one on St. Pietersberg where Bromus erectus is to be found in such large quantities. b. Viola hirta – Carex flaccavariant (relevees 11-24) This is the variant the richest in species within the Mesobrometum erecti of St. Pietersberg. This applies both for phanerogams and cryptogams. This community is met with on steep S.E. facing slopes (21 – 47°) of the erosion canyons and on very dry places with much wind exposure. Locality C and E – Fig. 1. The variant is a.o. characterised by species which can be considered as faithful for the whole N.W. European area of the Mesobromion, e.g. Anthyllis vulneraria, Cirsium acaulon, Epipactus atrorubens, and Helianthemum nummularium ssp. nummularium. See Table I. The richness of cryptogams is striking, especially of thermophytical and xerophytical species, such as Abietinella abietina, Campthothecium lutescens, Encalypta streptocarpa, Pleurochaete squarrosa, and Toninio coeruleonigricans. See Table II. Over thirty species of mosses and lichens have been found in this type. c. Inops – variant (relevees 25 – 41) A number of species which often occur in the previous variant are absent in this community. On the Dutch part of St. Pietersberg the Inops – variant is the only community belonging to the Mesobrometum erecti which is to be found there. See Fig. 1 – locality B, C, D, and E. Furthermore, in this variant several species preferring some degree of manuring and higher soil moisture are penetrating, e.g. Arrhenatherum elatius, Poa pratensis, and Elytrigia repens. The following plant community, the Rumex acetosa – Brachypodium pinnatum-vegetation, doesn’t belong to the Mesobrometum erecti, but to the association Arrhenatheretum elatioris Br.-Bl. 1919, alliance Arrhenatherion elatioris Br.-Bl. 1925, and class Molinio – Arrhenatheretea R. Tüx. 1937. This is based on the frequent presence of character species of the Arrhenatherion elatioris such as Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, and Rumex acetosa. See Table I. Because of the occurrence of a number of characteristic species of the Mesobromion in this Rumex acetosa – Brachypodium pinnatum-vegetation this community has been taken into account in this study. Distribution: Fig. 1 – locality A, B, D, and E. It is for the same reason that also grasslands rich in species on acid gravel deposits of pleistocene origin on the plateau of St. Pietersberg have been investigated. A new association, the Brachypodio – Sieglingietum, has been distinguished. See relevees 54 – 72 on table I and II. The Brachypodio – Sieglingietum belongs to the alliance Violion caninae Schwick, (1941) 1944 em. Preising 1949, class Nardo – Callunetea Preising 1949. See Fig. 1 – locality D, F, and G. All the vegetation communities being described here are without treatment of manure. Until World War II they were pastured by sheep, afterwards they remained untouched. At the moment they burn down practically every year early in spring. See Fig. 4. The occurrence of Mesobromion character species on St. Pietersberg on moist soils most likely is due to the constant manegement of the grasslands for centuries in which no use was made of manure. In spite of the great culture-historical and biological value of the area, almost the entire St. Pietersberg is very seriously destroyed by the quarries mentioned above. This exploitation is carried out in the Belgian as well as in the Dutch part of St. Pietersberg. There is only one locality (B) mentioned in this publication, namely the Popelmondedal, which for the time being is protected by law. It can be said that the chalk grassland vegetation of St. Pietersberg, from a botanic-ecological and phytogeografical point of view, should be reckoned to the most interesting Mesobromion communities of N.W. Europe.

Description: The present study was initiated a few years ago by Dr. R. Grolle (Jena) who discovered that Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. was probably the correct name for a tropical liverwort genus to which in this century the name Ptychocoleus Trev. was applied. Since replacing the name Ptychocoleus by Acrolejeunea would necessitate a considerable number of nomenclatural changes, I was asked to reexamine the taxonomy of the group. I soon found that Ptychocoleus as traditionally understood is heterogeneous and consists of two well-defined genera: Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. and Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. (Gradstein 1974a). In order to determine their taxonomic affinities, I decided to review the generic subdivision of the subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Lejeuneaceae) to which they belong. The present work comprises the taxonomic monograph of Acrolejeunea and the review of the subfamily. The monograph of Schiffneriolejeunea will be published separately.

Description: In this paper we investigate the pattern of wood anatomical variation in some groups of Rubiaceae (i.e. Cinchoneae, Rondeletieae and Condamineae) by using a numerical pattern detection method which involves character weighing (Hogeweg 1975). In this method character weights are obtained iteratively on the basis of the distribution of character values in previously generated classes; these classes being generated by agglomerative cluster analysis, initially with characters weighed equally and subsequently with characters weighed differentially as indicated above. The result of such a study consists of a sequence of dendrograms together with the character weights by which these are produced. Our biological conclusions include: The so obtained results confirm the conclusions drawn by Koek-Noorman & Hogeweg (1974) that the pattern of variation in the wood anatomical structure of these taxa is consistent with the existing classifications at the genus level but does not warrant the higher level classification in Cinchoneae, Rondeletieae and Condamineae as each of these groups show two majorly different woodtypes (differing most conspicuously with respect to libriform fibres and fibre tracheids) while these wood types constitute the major pattern of variation in the sample. However, during the iteration, the Rondeletieae and Cinchoneae tend to be distinguished as separate groups on a level below this main bipartition. The Condamineae remain scattered. The genus Cinchona becomes sharply separated from the other groups during the iteration. Its intermediate position with respect to fibre tracheids and libriform fibres was noted prior to this analysis by Koek-Noorman (Koek-Noorman & Hogeweg 1974). Rather surprisingly, ambiguities (in the sense of being differently classified by different authors) in the existing classifications based mainly on flower morphology reoccur in our iteration based on wood anatomical data in the sense that these taxa change position in the later steps of the iteration. Finally we note that character weights obtained by our method do not spoil the grouping in genera as did character weights obtained by considering the literature on evolutionary trends in wood anatomy (Koek-Noorman & Hogeweg 1974), and that the character weights obtained by our method are not counter to intuition.

Description: Flora of Okinawa, Riukius. Dr E.H. Walker made a collecting trip in the Riukiu islands; associated with him were the Japanese botanists S. Tawada, T. Amano and S. Sonohara. This collection was obtained to help substantiate a MS-Flora of Okinawa prepared by these Okinawan botanists. Duplicate specimens of the collection will be distributed by the Smithsonian Institution of Washington. Address lists of botanists. In the Yearbook 1950-1951 of the American Botanical Society, Misc. Per. Publ. 138, 1951, an address list of American botanists has been published.

Description: Among the main events for the Foundation in 1951 was the completion of the Trustees which now consist of: Prof. Ir Kusnoto, Bogor, president Prof. Dr H.J. Lam, Leyden, 1st deputy president Dr M.A. Donk, Bogor, 2nd deputy president Prof. Dr E.D. Merrill, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A., member Prof. Dr C. Skottsberg, Stockholm, member Drs C.A.C.M. van Oppen, Djakarta, member The Trustees of Leyden University officially recognized the Foundation to work in the Rijksherbarium at Leyden. In addition to the Constitution a draft has been prepared of the By-Laws. In December 1951 the third part of volume four of Flora Malesiana was issued.

Description: A Weed Flora of Samoa has been started by Mr. Art Whistler at Honolulu, where he is also revising Christophersen’s Flora of Samoa. These manuscripts will be concluded before long; Mr. Whistler hopes to continue his work on Samoa, and to produce a few things for popular use, to be illustrated with photographs. The island will remain a focus of interest for the Bishop Museum in the next years. Monographia Cormophytarum Sinicarum. A project to publish an iconography of Chinese Cormophyta in 5 volumes. Vols. 1 to 2 contains descriptions of nearly 4000 species. The complete work will deal with some 10,000 species. The text is in Chinese and Latin. The illustrations are of excellent quality. They are simple but very effective and often very artistically drawn line drawings of the general habit of the plants, with additional analytical details. The pictures are very useful for rapid identification. Vol. 1: Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperma, and the archilamydaceous families Casuarinaceae to Hernandiaceae in Engler’s system. The second volume has the sequence Papaveraceae through Cornaceae. Standing orders DM 320 are invited by Otto Koeltz Antiquariat, P.O. Box 129, D-624 Koenigstein-Ts., West Germany.

Description: Mr. H.K. Airy Shaw of Kew made a study trip to East Australia for study of Euphorbiaceae in the field and in the herbaria, visiting Darwin, Atherton, Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra, and Melbourne, September 9 to end 1974. Dr. G. Argent has been appointed on 1 January 1974 on the staff of the Edinburgh Herbarium. He formerly worked on mosses, mainly from Africa, and spent 3 years in Papua New Guinea doing field work on bananas. He intends to work on Ericaceae of Malesia.

Description: Alphen de Veer, E.J. & M. Sudiro: Observations on the attack of Zeusera coffeae Nietn. on Balsa (Tectona 41, 1951, 137-8, photos). Borers in Ochroma lagopus at Bogor.

Description: Tree architecture, the growth form of woody tropical plants, from lofty ’pagoda’ trees to low understorey pachycauls, has captured the imagination of professor and student alike. Previously many attempts had been made to study the growth form of limited plant groups,, but only recently has it been possible to see the wood from the trees as a result of the excellent work by Hallé & Oldeman (1970). This small book is crammed full with a wealth of information and profusely illustrated with clear schematic line drawings, supplemented here and there with photos of the habit of selected plants. The presentation, the clear style, and the excellent drawings offset any problems one might have with the language. The growth form is analysed into a number of architectural models all of which are illustrated. Numerous lists of examples of each model are given; from necessity the lists mainly contain African and South American species, but many families and genera also occur in Malesia. Recently Hallé has visited New Guinea and has published a short account of a selection of his observations (Hallé, 1974). It is regretted that more extensive lists of Malesian examples of each architectural model were not included in this paper. No new architectural models were found so one can, in principle, interpret the architecture of Malesian trees using the models discussed in his book.

Description: Material of several species, including types specimens, have been studied. The following new genera are described: Conohypha (type: Corticium albocremeum Höhn. & Litsch.), Membranomyces (type: Corticium spurium Bourd.), and Parvobasidium (type: Gloeocystidium cretatum Bourd. & Galz.). Twelve new combinations are proposed.

Description: In this paper some further African localities are recorded for Gloeodontia discolor, Flavodon flavus, and Stecchericium seriatum. In the genus Steccherinum five new species are described (S. confragosum, S. labeosum, S. russum, S. scalare, and S. scruposum), while three more are provisionally recognized, one of which being an unnamed member of the S. ochraceum group. A key to all species of Steccherinum thus far known from Africa is provided. For a number of the species their cultural and mycelial characteristics are given.

Description: A new species of Torula Pers. per Fr., collected at Hyderabad, India, is described as T. rhombica Rao & de Hoog. It forms chains of reddish brown, regularly rhomboid conidia. A key to the accepted species of Torula is given. All CBS strains maintained under the name Torula are discussed; they can be assigned to six different genera. New combinations are proposed in Polypaecilum Smith and Moniliella Stolk & Dakin, and a new species of Scytalidium Pesante is described.

Description: The developmental types within the family Agaricaceae vary considerably but it looks as if the ontogenetic pattern is not without regularity. About 20 species have been examined. On one side the stipitocarpous genera Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, and Chamaemyces, on the other side genera with highly concentrated primordia like Macrolepiota and Agaricus (isocarpous, pileocarpous or hymenocarpous). Lepiota, Leucocoprinus and Leucoagaricus with a more concentrated development may occupy an intermediate position. Some remarks are made on developmental problems in Squamanita. In Chamaemyces fracidus the radiating elements on the cap are not a palisadodermium sensu stricto but they belong to the universal veil. However this structure is limited to the pileus-surface, so we have to suppose that an ontogenetic factor affects in some way the formation of the pileus and that of these radiating elements. In other species a layer of tightly packed, erect elements forming part of the universal veil envelops also the pileus-margin and the upper part of the stem (with Lepiota clypeolaria at the outside and with Lepiota ignipes as an emanating veil at the inside of the universal veil). A trichodermium which is afterwards changed into a paradermium is to be found in Leucocoprinus whereas a true palisadodermium occurs in Macrolepiota.

Description: In the course of investigations on fungi occurring on bark of deciduous trees, an unknown dematiaceous fungus was encountered. Because of its long, septate conidia, arising from the apex of dark conidiophores, the specimen was thought to represent an undescribed species of the genus Corynespora Güssow. This identification was kindly confirmed by Dr. M. B. Ellis, C. M. I., Kew.

Description: The pollen morphology of the genera Crypteronia, Dactylocladus, Axinandra, Alzatea and Rhynchocalyx is compared in view of a proposal to unite these genera in Crypteroniaceae. Three pollen types are recognized, differing in aperture and shape symmetry, but showing distinct similarities in exine and aperture structure. It is argued that the heterocolpate type found in Dactylocladus, Axinandra, and Rhynchocalyx and the bisyncolporate type characterizing Crypteronia, may both have been derived from a less-specialized tricolpate ancestral type which has been retained in Alzatea. The wider affinities of Crypteroniaceae are discussed and thought to be with Lythraceae and Melastomataceae, although a more remote relationship with Cunoniaceae s also possible.

Description: Trees with leaves crowded at tip of thick branchlets; stipules subulate or narrowly deltoid, caducous; leaves, obovate or obovate-oblong, tertiary nerves ascending near the midrib, transverse near the margins of the leaf; flowers crowded at tips of branchlets, forming a pseudo-terminal, many-florous inflorescence; calyx with two whorls of two lobes each; corolla exsert, tube solid, pubescent without at apex, petals 8, imbricate; stamens 9—40, inserted in one or two rows in the throat; style subulate, exsert, glabrous; ovary glabrous, 3—8-celled, cells 1-ovuled, ovules attached at the apex of the central axis; sometimes an indistinct annular disc present; fruit large, often edible, crowned by the persistent style; fruit usually 1-seeded; seed ovoid with large to very large scar and apical hilum; testa thick, crustaceous; albumen none or membranous, if present especially around the radicle; cotyledons fleshy; radicle inferior, not exsert — 11 species distributed from the Moluccas to the Samoa and Tonga Islands. The last revision of this genus was given by Lam in 1942. After a small but important publication of White (J. Arn. Arb. 31, 1, 1950, 104) and the investigation of some new collections it seemed appropriate to give a concise revision of this genus in preparation for the “Flora Malesiana”. Some new species are described and of some old ones more details are given. The publications of Lam are abbreviated as follows: 1925 = The Sapotaceae, etc. of the Dutch East Indies, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, sér. 3, 7, 1925, 112. Lam 1927 = Further studies etc., Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, sér. 3, 8, 1927, 381. Lam 1932 = Sapotaceae, in Nova Guinea 14, 4, 1932, 554. Lam 1942 = A tentative list of wild Pacific Sap. etc., Blumea 5, I, 1942, 36.

Description: A new delimitation and subdivision of the Crypteroniaceae (Myrtales) is given; no less than five genera, Crypteronia, Dactylocladus, Axinandra (all SE. Asia), Alzatea (S. America), and Rhynchocalyx (S. Africa) are included. Traditionally the Crypteroniaceae were considered to be a monotypic family. The family is subdivided into two subfamilies, Crypteronioideae and Alzateoideae, the subfamilies each into two tribes, and some of the genera into sections. Of these taxa descriptions, synonymy, references, and notes on distribution and ecology are given, as well as a key for their identification. Of the species recognized only names, typification, synonyms, and distribution are briefly mentioned. In Crypteronia one new species, C. macrophylla, is described. Argumentation for the present taxonomical treatment is given in a separate article in the next issue (Van Beusekom, 1975).

Description: Het huidige verspreidingsgebied van Symplocos, het enige geslacht van de familie, is Oost Azië (Mandsjoerije en Japan tot Oost Australië en enige eilanden in de West Pacific) en in de Nieuwe Wereld. Dit verspreidingsgebied wordt aangevuld met de verspreiding van fossielen uit het Eoceen, Oligoceen, Mioceen en Plioceen van Europa en uit het Plioceen van Japan. De structuur van deze fossielen (voornamelijk vruchtstenen) komt sterk overeen met die van recente soorten. Drie pliocene soorten uit Japan zijn zelfs synonym met recente soorten. In ca 80% van de Aziatisch-Maleise en in al de Amerikaanse soorten zijn zaad en embryo recht, in de overige soorten zijn zij één of tweemaal gebogen. Aangenomen wordt dat een recht zaad primitief is. De zaden van het ondergeslacht Symplocos zijn alle recht. Het is opmerkelijk dat alle fossiele vruchten uit Europa een recht zaad hebben bezeten, doch de drie fossiele soorten uit Japan, die synonym zijn met recente soorten, bezaten gebogen zaden. Het is de moeite van het vermelden waard dat de 20% Aziatische soorten met een gebogen zaad, wat het aantal individuen betreft veruit in de meerderheid zijn vergeleken bij de overige soorten. Het is een kenmerk dat zich kennelijk verspreidt in enorme aantallen individuen. Het geslacht Symplocos wordt onderverdeeld in twee ondergeslachten. Het ondergeslacht Hopea heeft een verspreiding over het grootste aantal breedtegraden; in Azië wordt het gevonden tot in de gematigde streken (45°—46° N.B.), in Amerika tot 37° N.B. Het ondergeslacht Symplocos is beperkt tot de tropische zone van beide halfronden. Uit dit verspreidingsgebied blijkt de hoge ouderdom van het geslacht. De verspreiding van het geheel tot de tropen beperkte ondergeslacht Symplocos (en waarschijnlijk ook van Hopea) heeft hoogstwaarschijnlijk plaats gehad in een tijd waarin Noord Amerika nog aan Europa vastzat en in het zuiden van dit gebied een tropisch of warm subtropisch klimaat heerste. Een onderzoek is gedaan op het gebied van de palynologie (285 collecties van 40 soorten van de oude wereld en 38 niet in de revisie betrokken soorten van de nieuwe wereld), gevolgd door een discussie van de toepassing van de pollenkenmerken voor het onderscheiden van de soorten. In goed af te grenzen en weinig variabele soorten komt gewoonlijk slechts één pollentype voor. In variabele, moeilijk af te grenzen soorten worden gewoonlijk meerdere pollentypes gevonden. Soms zijn deze kenmerkend voor infraspecifieke taxa. Verder zijn van een aantal soorten de chromosomen geteld, en is een opsomming gegeven van deze en van door anderen gedane tellingen. Het basis getal blijkt 11 te zijn. Alle soorten van het ondergeslacht Hopea die geteld zijn waren diploid. Van het ondergeslacht Symplocos is slechts één soort geteld, deze was oktoploid. Een samenvatting is gegeven van de phytochemie, de anatomie, het kiemen der zaailingen, en een overzicht van de morphologische kenmerken en hun bruikbaarheid voor de taxonomie. Vele van deze gegevens zijn gebruikt om een inzicht te krijgen in de verwantschap van de Symplocaceae binnen de Angiospermen. De conclusie is dat de Symplocaceae niet tot de Ebenales behoren, zij tonen meer verwantschap met de Cornaceae en mogelijk ook met de Theaceae. In het taxonomische deel worden 111 soorten onderscheiden, 21 daarvan zijn nieuw. Het is niet mogelijk gebleken een verdere onderverdeling te geven van de ondergeslachten. Binnen het ondergeslacht Hopea vormen de soorten een vrij massief blok. Hun verwantschappen zijn hoogstwaarschijnlijk netvormig. Eén soort is met vele andere soorten nauw verwant zonder dat een hiërarchie is te onderscheiden. Verscheidene soorten zijn uitermate variabel. Dit heeft geleid tot een sterke reductie in namen (Het totaal aantal soortsnamen onder de genusnaam Symplocos dat geevalueerd is bedraagt ca 600). De structuur van de variabiliteit wordt zo goed mogelijk tot uitdrukking gebracht door het onderscheiden van ondersoorten en variëteiten. Verschillende tabellen zijn gemaakt voor het determineren van de soorten. Naast een algemene tabel worden voor het ondergeslacht Hopea ook tabellen gegeven voor een groot aantal verspreidingsgebieden. Aangezien de tabellen zijn gemaakt met behulp van een computer kon er meer dan gewoonlijk rekening gehouden worden met de variabiliteit. Toch zal het niet mogelijk zijn alle collecties te determineren. Daarvoor is de variabiliteit te groot. Als oorzaak van deze variabiliteit kan gedacht worden aan hybridisatie. Aanwijzingen hiervoor worden gevonden in het pollen. Getracht is een volledig overzicht van de synonymie van elke soort te geven en een uitvoerige beschrijving. Voor de infraspecifieke taxa worden determineertabellen gegeven.

Description: As part of the Cooperative Investigations of the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (Cicar-project) plankton sampling was executed from 1970 to 1973. The cruises 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18 and 19 explored the area around Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, where the samples 1-98 (collected from 7 april to 21 july) and 200-214 (collected from 13 November to 18 December) were taken. (Fig.1) The area off the Guyana’s was explored by the cruises 15, 16 and 17 where the stations 99-199 (collected from 23 August to 3 November) were taken. (Fig.2) The net samples taken during cruise 10-19 are from 0 to 6 meters; only during cruise 13 and 14 also samples at 10, 18 and 27 meters were collected. During the cruises 22 and 23, in 1971, some additional net samples were taken. The nets used were open plankton nets of the Plymouth type, with 0,056 mm. diameter meshes. For the exact position of the stations and further information, one is refered to Van der Spoel and Koperdraat (1974). All samples were sorted. The fish eggs were counted and preserved in 4% formaline. The fish larvae were stained, mounted in 3486 slides and counted. All material collected is preserved in the Institute of Taxonomic Zoology of the University of Amsterdam.

Description: This paper is the first contribution to the knowledge of the freshwater sponges of Suriname. Four species have been identified up till now: Metania spinata (Carter, 1881), Trochospongilla paulula (Bowerbank, 1863), Radiospongilla crateriformis (Potts, 1882), and Drulia uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969. Since in most instances slides were the only available source of data, details on external structure cannot be supplied. The author is indebted to Dr. D. C. GEIJSKES of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, who kindly provided a great deal of the material for study, as well as to Dr. W. VERVOORT, Leiden, and to Drs. P. LEENTVAAR, R.I.N., Leersum, who also sent specimens. The author also acknowledges the authorities and members of the staff of the Invertebrates Department of the British Museum. Special thanks are due to Miss SHIRLEY STONE who facilitated the study of South American material, and to Prof. J. BENOIT, Invertebrates Department of the Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, who provided African material of great interest.

Description: Quite a few endoparasitic copepods are known from Indo-Pacific stony corals, but not a single species has so far been recorded from the West Indies. Intensive search in the past few decades has even supported the prevailing opinion that West Indian stony corals are devoid of endoparasitic copepods, and that this absence could be related to the complicated zoogeographic past of the West Indian reef. However, during a 6-months stay (November 1973—April 1974) at the Caribbean Marine Biological Institute, in Curaçao (Netherlands’ Antilles), endoparasitic copepods have been found in not less than 14 species of stony corals. Some of these belong to a new family of curiously transformed animals, the CORALLOVEXIIDAE, of which the following forms were found during this study: Genus Corallovexia nov. (type-genus) C. brevibrachium n. sp. (type-species), from Diploria labyrinthiformis (Linnaeus). C. longibrachium n. sp., from Manicina areolata (Linnaeus) forma mayori (typical host), Colpophyllia natans (Müller), and Diploria strigosa (Dana). C. mediobrachium n. sp., from Diploria strigosa (Dana) (typical host), D. clivosa (Ellis & Solander), and possibly from Manicina areolata (Linnaeus) f. mayori. C. mixtibrachium n. sp., from Colpophyllia natans (Müller). C. kristenseni n. sp., from Colpophyllia natans (Müller). C. similis n. sp., from Acropora palmata (Lamarck). C. ventrospinosa n. sp., from Montastraea brasiliana (Verrill) (typical host) and M. cavernosa (Linnaeus). C. dorsospinosa n. sp., from Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus) (typical host) and M. brasiliana (Verrill). C. dorsospinosa var. minor nov., from Montastraea cavernosa (Linnaeus). C. spec., from Montastraea annularis (Ellis & Solander). Genus Corallonoxia nov. C. longicauda n. sp. (type-species), from Meandrina meandrites (Linnaeus) (typical host) and Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg. C. baki n. sp., from Eusmilia fastigiata (Pallas) (typical host), and Dendrogyra cylindrus Ehrenberg. C. spec., from Dichocoenia stokesii Milne Edwards & Haime.

Description: Students working at the Caribbean Marine Biological Institute (CARMABI) on the island of Curaçao asked the present author to provide them with a list of Cetacea occurring in the Caribbean. Until recently, compiling such a list was of little use as our knowledge concerning the cetaceans in the area was very poor indeed. During the last few years, however, mainly through the studies by D. K. CALDWELL, M. C. CALDWELL and their collaborators on the lesser cetaceans taken by the small whaling industry on the island of St. Vincent, so much information has become available that it may be now useful to publish a preliminary checklist and a selected bibliography. The preliminary character of this publication must be emphasized, however, and the paper must be seen as a short introduction to the subject for the use of local students. In connection with the last mentioned use, in addition to the Latin and English names, the Dutch names of the cetaceans are given. Because of inadequate knowledge, the northern part of the Caribbean (the area between Cuba, Jamaica, the coasts of Honduras, Guatemala, Belize and the eastern side of Mexican Yucatán) has not been included.

Description: La stratification des roches cristallines (d'âge antéstéphanien) des massifs centraux des Alpes est en général à peu près parallèle à la schistosité. Également les intrusions granitiques y sont plus ou moins concordantes. Cependant les recherches sous la direction du Professeur E. Niggli de Leiden ont démontré que le contact est du massif granitique des Sept-Laux (Massif de Belledonne s. 1.) est concordant seulement en grandes lignes avec la schistosité, tandis qu'il est parfois nettement discordant en détail (voir la publication dans un des numéros suivants de ce périodique).

Description: Pendant le mois d’Avril 1974 des prélèvements furent effectués dans la zone de marées le long de la côte Atlantique de l’Espagne et de la côte Portuguaise. Figure 1 donne un aperçu des espèces provenantes des stations visitées. Les tableaux II jusqu’à VI incl. montrent la nature du milieu, dans lequel les Gammares furent trouvés. Douze espèces furent rencontrées, dont Gammarus salinus est mentionné pour la première fois de l’Espagne et Chaetogammarus stoerensis de Portugal.

Description: The morphology and histology of the reproductive organs of Sagitta planctonis forma planctonis and of S. planctonis forma zetesios are described. No difference in number of oocytes was observed. The existence of a temporary oviduct is questionable. It may be possible that the so-called accessory fertilization cells are not actually participating in fertilization, but they may have a resorptive or secretory function.

Description: Ten species are represented by the 40 wood specimens collected in 1969 from the Angmagssalik District of S.E. Greenland. Information concerning collection localities, diameter of wood specimens, number and breadth of growth rings and eccentricity is given. A comparison of growth ring observations is made with those made by Kruuse (1912), in three species from the same area, in relation to their growth form and environment. An anatomical description of the wood of the 10 species has been made together with an evaluation of some of the anatomical characteristics. Trends towards a modification of the wood due to environmental factors are indicated, but the fact that caution must be exercised when carrying out such an investigation is stressed, with special emphasis on the need for more accurate information regarding environment, the size and age of specimens. H. J. Miller Institute for Systematic Botany State University, Utrecht Netherlands

Description: Conservation of Herberta Gray mut. Lindb. 1875 was rejected by the ‘General Committee’ because of the existence of Herbertia Sweet 1827, a legitimate name in common usage for an Iridaceae genus. Therefore the illegitimate Herberta Gray mut. Lindb. 1875 must be abandoned. The simplest solution seems to be the return to Herbertus Gray 1821, the original legitimate name fully in accordance with the ICBN. This is possible without any further action and avoids any new combination.

Description: A new locality of the rare Brazilian liverwort Myriocoleopsis puiggarii (Lejeuneaceae) the only species in the genus, was discovered in the river Pardo near Barra do Turvo, Sao Paulo State. Data on stem-anatomy, oil-bodies, sporophyte and ecology are provided here for the first time. The species grows on rocks and trunks of shrubs in or near running water. Sporophytes are developed only in plants growing on emerged substrates. Myriocoleopsis seems to be most closely related to Cololejeunea subg. Chlorolejeunea (type; C. madothecoides). The stem in Myriocoleopsis, consisting of c. 30 cortical cells surrounding 1 large medullary cell, is more complex than in all species of Cololejeunea except C. madothecoides. Striking variation in the stem-anatomy of the latter species was observed.

Description: The cover-photograph depicts a so-called golden chicken, which is the apical part of the trunk, without the leaves, of the tree fern Cibotium barametz (Cyatheaceae). It was made by Dr. O. Kranendonk, professor of Tropical Medicine of the Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, who had received it from one of his students, presumably from Sumatra, in September 1972. He kept it in a dish with some water in his livingroom, where in January 1975 it was still in much the same shape as first. When I showed the pictures to Mr. E. Hennipman of the Rijksherbarium, he told me that he had seen the curious creatures offered for sale at the Sunday market at Bangkok in September 1965, and showed me a pamphlet in Thai and Chinese that was given to the buyer. The photographer of the Rijksherbarium, Mr. B. Kieft, printed a portion of the Thai text in the background, and Mr. Tem Smitinand, during his visit to Leiden, kindly translated the text into English, which reads thus: ”This plant is sacred. It should be kept in households for good omen. Besides great beauty it also brings great luck. If you are a merchant you will do good business; if you are lucky enough you can become a millionaire. The hair of this plant can be used for various remedies such as wounds caused by a knife, axe and nails, or even dog bites, and scurvy, placing the hair on; and in case of hemorrhage in women, boil the hair, and drink the decoction. If at childbirth the placenta comes out, cover the hair with a cloth and burn it, then let the woman inhale the smoke. If you got diarrhoea or coughing vomiting with blood, use an amount of hair and boil it in water, then drink the decoction. To prevent contagion from animals, such as pigs, dogs, cattle, fowl, steep the hair in water, and utter a wish before feeding the animals. Keeping the plant in the house will ward off witchcraft, and bring in charm and luck. If you want to grow this plant, put it in the sand and then say a cantation in Pali: ’Kukusanto Namobudhaya’. This is the heart of the chicken. You have to give it five different kinds of food, depending on what you have. Keeping the plant in a revered place will help protect your family against danger. Having been planted for one month the plant should be sprayed or rubbed with liquor; in spraying, don’t use the mouth, and then the hair will keep growing all the time, and it will become more sacred. When you have this plant in your house, if there will be any benefit, you will hear a crying noise. When you hdve heard this noise, you will get good luck, depending on what you have wished. Before using the plant as a remedy to illness, you have to make wishes every time. If a woman is difficult in labour you can wish and place the hair of this plant in water and let the woman drink it. This will have good result, which has happened many times.”

Description: Roscoe, William, Monandrian Plants of the Order Scitamineae, etc. Imper.fol., 112 handcol.pl. Add: Cf. J. Cullen, Not.R.Bot.Gard.Edinb. 32 (1973) 417- 421.

Description: We are very sorry to learn that Mr J.M. Black, the father of South Australian botany, passed away suddenly but in full harness after a short illness in his 97th year, medio December 1951. Dr Black was born in Wigtown, Scotland, and received his early education there, finishing in Dresden, Germany. He arrived in South Australia in 1877 and farmed for 5 years. Between 1883 and 1902 he held varied and finally important positions on the staff of ”Hansard”, ”The Register”, and ”The Advertiser”. Having achieved the highest position possible in this field he retired to devote full time leisure to the study of native and naturalised plants growing in S. Australia. He achieved considerable fame for by 1929 he had completed his four part work ”Flora of South Australia”, one of the most critical Floras of that continent. In 1930 he attended the International Botanical Congress and the Linnean Society made him an associate. During subsequent years he was awarded many honours by various Australian scientific associations some of which include the Sir Joseph Vercoe Medal, Mueller Medal, Natural History Medallion, and the Clarke Memorial Medal. He was awarded an M.B.E. in 1942. In 1927 he was appointed honorary lecturer in systematic botany at the University of Adelaide. At the age of 80 he produced part one of the 2nd edition of his Flora, part two coming out in 1948.