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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (632)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (632)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1970-1974  (632)
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  • 1930-1934
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  • 1972  (332)
  • 1971  (300)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (632)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Cell Press
  • Institute of Physics
  • Public Library of Science
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  • 2015-2019
  • 1970-1974  (632)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1930-1934
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature dependence of NQR frequencies and spin-lattice relaxation times in Menshutkin's complexes, prepared on the basis of AsCl3 and AsBr3 have been investigated.The rotational oscillation frequencies νt and the average life times τa of rotational oscillation quanta have been calculated by both the Bayer and Woessner-Gutowsky theories.
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  • 2
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 527-531 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMR spectra of thirty-eight chloromethylthiophene and seven dithienylmethane derivatives were observed at 60 or 40 MHz. The chemical shifts of methylene protons were 4·63 to 5·25 ppm for monosubstituted 2-chloromethylthiophenes and 4·37 to 4·56 ppm for monosubstituted 3-chloromethylthiophenes, respectively, with reference to TMS. Those for 2,2′ -dithienylmethanes, which have one substituent in each ring, were 4·12 to 4·34 ppm. These shifs are useful for determination of the positions of the methylene groups in the related compounds. The long-range coupling constants observed for methylene proton signals are also useful for the determination of the positions of substituents.
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  • 3
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 533-537 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The NMR spectrum of acetone oriented in the nematic phase of butyl-p-(p′-ethoxyphenyloxycarbonyl) phenyl carbonate has been studied in the 48° to 58°C temperature range. The determination of direct coupling constants allows the computation of orientation parameters; these values lead us to emphasize the intervention of polarizability in orientation phenomena.
    Notes: Le spectre RMN de l'acétone orientée dans le p-(p′ ethoxyphenyloxycarbonyl)phényl carbonate de butyle est étudié dans l' intervalle de température 48° à 58°C. La mesure des constantes de couplage direct permet de calculer les facteurs d' orientation moléculaires; ceux-ci permettent de mettre en évidence ici l' intervention de la polarisabilité dans le phénoméne d' orientation.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance spectra of the three title carbanions have been observed in THF with potassium as a counter ion. The ortho-protons in the α-methylbenzyl carbanion are nonequivalent at room temperature. This shows that the α-carbon in this carbanion is in the near-sp2 configuration. The aromatic proton chemical shifts of the benzylpotassium obtained here are at higher shielding than those of benzyllithium reported previously by Sandel and Freedman. This seems to arise from the different ionic nature of the bonds between carbon and metal in the carbanions.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The NMR-spectra of cis- and trans-isomers of proline-containing diketopiperazines were investigated. It was demonstrated that the differences in the spectra are connected to the different position (pseudoaxial or pseudoequatorial) of the substituent (α-hydrogen atom, α-methyl-group, α-isopropyl-group).
    Notes: Bei NMR-Untersuchungen der cis- und trans-Reihe Prolin-enthaltender Diketopiperazine konnten Unterschiede zwischen den Signalen pseudoaxialer und pseudoäquatorialer Substituenten (α-Proton, α-Methylgruppe, α-iso-Propylgruppe) festgestellt werden.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rotational barriers about the C—N bond of eight m- and p-substituted N, N-dimethyl cinnamamides have been determined by the iterative total line shape NMR method. The ΔG298·2-≠ values have been correlated with the substituent constants σ, σn and σ+. By comparison of the results with literature data, some conclusions about the accuracy of the barrier determination as well as the transmittance of polar effects in conjugated amides have been drawn.
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  • 7
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 567-573 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C shielding constants have been calculated for a series of alkanes, methane to pentane. The quantities σd and σp have been obtained, using an average excitation energy approximation and the extended Hückel MO wave functions in terms of the Pople method. The results fit the experimental data and the VB results of Grant et al. fairly well. The quantity σd varies within a wide range for carbon atoms of various degrees of substitution. Two conformations of the hydrocarbons studied have been calculated. The results show that the 13C chemical shifts may be used for conformational analysis.
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  • 8
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 575-582 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(dipivaloylmethanato)europium [Eu(DPM)3]induced shifts of the proton resonances of pyridine and its 2-methyl, 3-methyl, 2,3-dimethyl and 2,5-dimethyl derivatives, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, 1,6-, 1,7- and 1,8-naphthyridine, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1,4,5- and 1,4,6-triazanaphthalene, pteridine, acridine, phenanthridine and 1, 10-phenanthroline, have been measured for solutions containing 0·1, 0·3 and 0·5 molar equivalents of Eu(DPM)3. Differences in the behaviour of these heterocycles are discussed in terms of the steric relationship between the heterocycle and the complex. The 3 cos2 φ term, present in the expression for calculating pseudo-contact shifts, is shown to be important. The order of basicity of these heterocycles, as measured by their pKa values, cannot be used to predict the order of Eu(DPM)3 induced chemical shifts.
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  • 9
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 557-565 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is provided for the quantitative analysis of Diels-Alder adduct prepared from commercial methylcyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride by NMR spectra without further separation of its components. The adduct is considered as a mixture of endo norbornene derivatives (Cn), (Dn), (E) and (Fn) which are obtained from 1-, 2- and 5-methylcyclopentadiene and cyclopentadiene, respectively.The quantitative analysis of the adduct can be made on a basis of the ratio of the signal intensities of the olefinic protons in the adduct. The result shows that the adduct prepared under mild conditions mainly consists of three norbornene derivatives (Cn), (Dn) and (Fn), with a negligibly small amount of (E). When the adduct prepared under mild conditions is heated, it contains the exo isomers (Cx), (Dx) and (Fx). The ratio of the endo and the exo norbornene derivatives, i.e. ((Cn) + (Dn) + (Fn)):((Cx) + (Dx) + (Fx)), may be estimated from the signal intensities of the 5- and 6-protons.As the result of the analyses of the adducts which are obtained by heating at different temperatures the adduct prepared under mild conditions, the mole fraction of 2-methyl isomers (Dn) and (Dx), which is found to be 58 % in the adduct prepared at - 15°C, keeps on increasing with rising temperature and shows almost the same value, ∼86%, when heated above 150°C. Therefore, the equilibrium between 1-methyl and 2-methyl isomers does not change above 150°C. On the other hand, the isomerization from endo to exo isomers is not found below 110°C, and then exo isomers keep on increasing above 140°C.
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  • 10
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 583-587 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectrum of thiophen dissolved in a nematic phase is reported. This spectrum has been analysed iteratively. The ratios of the various inter-proton distances determined in this study are in good agreement with those previously reported.
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  • 11
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 589-594 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 14N chemical shifts were measured for a series of quaternary ammonium salts of enamino ketones. An upfield shift of the 14N resonance signals upon quaternization has been observed. The interpretation in terms of the approximate theory of nuclear magnetic shielding is given. The calculations for some model systems result in a general agreement with the experimental data.
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  • 12
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 599-604 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complete analysis of the spectrum of 2,2,4,4,4-pentafluoro-n-butane is reported. From the sum of the vicinal proton-fluorine coupling constants an estimate of the conformational energy has been obtained and successively the long-range coupling of the individual conformers has been calculated.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The effects produced by four shift reagents on the proton magnetic resonance spectra of 1-methylimidazole and seven pyrazole derivatives have been determined. These results are discussed in the light of their usefulness in differentiating between structural isomers.
    Notes: On a déterminé l'effet produit par quatre réactifs de déplacement sur les signaux de sept derivés du pyrazole et sur ceux du methyl- 1 imidazole. Ces effets sont discutés en fonction de leur utilité pour différencier des structures isomères.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amide-rotational barriers of a series of para-substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides and -cinnamamides have been obtained by both the intensity ratio method, according to Rogers and Woodbrey,2 and an iterative total line shape analysis.From a comparison of the results, it is concluded that a discussion of rotational barriers obtained with the intensity ratio method should preferably be based on ΔGTC
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amide-rotational barriers obtained with a total line shape analysis of a series of para-substituted N,N-dimethylbenzamides and -cinnamamides are correlated with the result of an H. M. O. (Ω = 1·4) calculation. There is no difference in the activation parameters at a concentration of 0·25 M and 1 M in CDCI3 as a solvent.Despite the lower solvent polarity of chloroform (ε = 4·7) compared with acetonitrile (ε = 37·5) the rotational barriers in both solvents are about equal, probably due to hydrogen bonding in chloroform.The amide rotation rate appears to be very sensitive to traces of hydrochloric acid in a non-basic solvent like chloroform.
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  • 16
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 635-635 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 17
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The carbon-13 chemical shifts of monosubstituted cyclohexane derivatives are compared with those of aliphatic compounds. The polar substituents exert a similar influence on the α-, β- and γ-carbons in both series of compounds. The δ-effect is shown to be characteristic mainly to the cyclic compounds, however. The appearance of a δ-effect is discussed as a possible consequence of electron delocalization in alicyclic molecules. A correlation of these δ-effects with inductive parameters of the substituents is presented.
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  • 18
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 689-691 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structure elucidation of some isomeric imidazo(1,2-a)pyrimidones by NMR spectroscopy is described. The tautomerism of the compounds with non-substituted nitrogen is also discussed.
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  • 19
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 693-701 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A PMR study of the 1,4:3,6-dianhydroglucitol mononitrates allows the easy attribution of the 2-exo- or 5-endo nitrate configuration to each of the isomers. Coupling data obtained in chloroform and in pyridine provide insight into their conformations. The solvent shifts indicate a hydrogen bridged solute-solvent complex in the exo-compound, but a random solvation for the endo-nitrate.
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  • 20
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 713-720 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: meso and dl Dimers (ArCHOR)2 where R is Me, Et, iPr, tBu, cyclohexyl and 1-adamantyl may readily be differentiated by their NMR spectra; the benzylic protons of the meso isomer always absorb at a slightly higher field than those of the dl isomer in each of the solvents used. Differences in chemical shift are discussed in terms of preferences in conformer distribution. The formation of equal amounts of both dimers from the corresponding radical ArCHOR shows that steric and polar factors are not important in influencing the dimerization. Magnetic non-equivalence due to the presence of asymmetric centres was found in some of the compounds discussed above.
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  • 21
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 721-723 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature or the nature of the solvent selectively affects the NMR equivalence of the protons at C-2 and C-4 in 1.
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  • 22
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 725-732 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The complete analysis of the NMR spectrum of CH2Cl.CFBr.CH3 in CCl4 and acetone is given. The long range 4JHH couplings in this molecule differ considerably and surprisingly are both positive. An analysis of the solvent dependence of the couplings enables the rotamer couplings and energies to be obtained. The rotamer energies and their variation with solvent are in accord with quantitative predictions and results from similar halogenated ethanes. The values of the 4JHH couplings can be rationalised in terms of substituent electronegativity effects.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evidence is presented which shows, contrary to the opinion expressed by Moriarty et al., that for electronic reasons internal rotation is substantially more hindered in thioamides than in amides.
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  • 24
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: As is well known, the relative intensities of NMR hyperfinestructure-lines (spin-spin-coupling) under the influence of n neighbouring protons (I = ½) are given by the binomial coefficients and Pascal's triangle. For n equivalent neighbouring nuclei with I 〉 ½ a simple equation for the evaluation of intensities is not known. On the other hand the determination of the high values out of the possible arrangements of the spins is very circumstantial.Arranging the values in n lines, one obtains a kind of ‘Pascal's triangles of higher order’, which show the following qualities: (a) They are symmetric, (b) The sum of the values in the nth line is always (2I + 1)n, (c) Each value in one of the triangles is calculable as the sum of r values of the preceding line. Thereby it is r = 2I + 1.For the evaluation of the vth value in the nth line of any one of the triangles a recursion-formula is given.Furthermore it is shown, that a direct evaluation, without the knowledge of the values in the preceding line, is also possible up to any high values of n and I by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ x_r (n,\,v) = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^a {(- 1)^k} \left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\\end{array}} \right)\left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n + r - kr - 2} \\ {n - 1} \\\end{array}} \right) $$\end{document} Thereby a is the greatest whole positive number ≦(v - 1)/r and ≦n.With the assumption, that the spin-spin-coupling J is small compared to the chemical shift Δv*, the intensity ratios of the lines can be calculated by the given equation in a simple way as is shown by some examples.
    Notes: Die relativen Intensitäten der kernmagnetischen Hyperfeinstrukturlinien sind bei n aequivalenten, benachbarten Protonen (I = ½) bekanntlich durch die Binomialkoeffizienten und das Pascalsche Dreieck gegeben. Bei n aequivalenten, benachbarten Kernen mit I 〉 ½ ist eine einfache Berechnungsformel für die relativen Intensitäten nicht bekannt, andrerseits ist die Ermittlung der sehr großen Zahlen aus den Anordnungsmöglichkeiten der Spins sehr umständlich.Ordnet man die Zahlen wiederum in n Reihen an, so erhält man ‘Pascalsche Dreiecke höherer Ordnung’. Sie sing (a) symmetrisch, (b) Die Summe der Zahlen der n-ten Reihe ist stets (2I + 1)n und (c) Es ergibt sich jede Zahl in irgendeinem der Dreiecke als Summe der r darüberstehenden Zahlen, wobei r = 2I + 1 ist.Für die Berechung der v-ten Zahl in der n-ten Reihe eines beliebigen Dreiecks höherer Ordnung wird eine Rekursionsformel angegeben.Weitergehend wird gezeigt, daß auch eine direkte Berechnung, ohne Kenntnis der Zahlen der voraufgehenden Reihe, bei beliebig hohen Werten von n und I aus der Beziehung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ x_r (n,\,v) = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^a {(- 1)^k} \left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\\end{array}} \right)\left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n + r - kr - 2} \\ {n - 1} \\\end{array}} \right) $$\end{document} möglich ist. Darin ist a die größte ganze, psotive Zahl ≦(v - 1)/r und ≦n.Unter der Voraussetzung, daß die Hyperfeinstruktur-Aufspaltung J klein gegenüber der chemischen Verschiebungsdifferenz Δν* ist, lassen sich die relativen Intensitäten der Hyperfeinstrukturlinien aus der Formel in sehr einfacher Weise berechnen, wie an einigen Beispielen gezeigt wird.
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  • 25
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 373-377 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution fluorine magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained for poly(vinyl fluoride) at elevated temperature. Proton noise-decoupling and time-averaging techniques have given new tacticity and sequence information.
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  • 26
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical polarization of protons was observed in methyl benzoate formed during the thermal decomposition of dimethyl ester of peroxydiphthalic acid. The polarization pattern of methyl benzoate aromatic protons was very different in this case from that observed during the thermal decomposition of acetyl benzoyl peroxide. The unpolarized products formed from the methoxy radical, CH2O and CH3OH, were found in the mixture of decomposition products of this peroxide and were identified by means of PMR spectroscopy.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The NMR study of the reaction of methoxide ions on several substituted 2-X-4,6-dinitroanisoles (X = F, Cl, CF3, CN) permitted the identification of various Meisenheimer complexes formed by the attack of CH3O- ions on the non-substituted 5- and 3-carbons. The shortlived 1,5- and 1,3-complexes undergo a fast conversion to the stable 1,1-complexes.The chemical shifts of anisoles and complexes are dependent on electronic and steric effects of the X-substituent. The influence of the negative charge held by the ring and the geometrical changes of the skeleton are shown by a comparison between the NMR parameters of anisoles and the corresponding complexes.When X = F, a study of the relative signs of the coupling constants shows that 3J(F—H) and 5J(F—H) are of opposite signs for the anisole and the 1,1-complex.
    Notes: L'étude RMN de l'interaction des ions CH3O- avec les dinitro-4,6 anisoles X-2 substitués (X = CN, CF3, Cl, F) a permis d'identifier divers complexes de Meisenheimer résultant de l'attaque des ions CH3O- sur les carbones -5 et -3 non substitués. Ces complexes -1,5 et -1,3, dont la durée de vie est très courte, se transforment rapidement au profit des complexes stables -1,1. Les déplacements chimiques des anisoles et des différents complexes reflètent les effets électroniques et stériques des substituants X. L'influence de la charge négative portée par le cycle et les modifications géométriques du squelette sont mises en évidence en comparant les paramètres RMN des anisoles et des complexes correspondants. Lorsque X = F, l'étude des signes des constantes de couplage montre que 3J(F—H) et 5J(F—H) sont de signes contraires dans l'anisole et dans le complexe -1,1.
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  • 28
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 389-403 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectra of the nonaromatic protons in several benzo-substituted five- and six-membered rings have been analyzed at 60- and 90-MHz. The vicinal coupling constants from the—CH2—CH2—fragments give a quantitative assessment of the degree of ring flattening. The distortions are discussed in terms of the structural components of the molecules.
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  • 29
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Infinite dilution data for six sulphur heterocycles have been obtained from second order analyses of their NMR spectra in CS2, CDCl3, CD3COCD3, or C6D6. Use of LAOCOON3 leads to accurate chemical shifts, but substantial errors remain in some of the coupling constants. Evidence is presented of specific association of chloroform with the sulphur heterocycles and of the interaction of acetone with the sulphur atom. An apparently anomalous geometry for the complex of benzene with thiophen and with other solutes is discussed. Dilution effects are considered in relation to the formation of solute dimers.
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  • 30
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton spin-spin coupling values measured for a wide range of tetrasubstituted tetrahydropyran ring-systems obtained from aldopentopyranose sugars have been correlated with values calculated from a generalized version of the Karplus equation which takes into account the electronegativities of the various atoms in the molecule and the configurations of these substituents. Minor discrepancies between observed and calculated values can be attributed to slight flattening of the tetrahydropyran ring as a result of steric interactions of the substituents. The magnitude of the geminal coupling J5e,5a of these aldopentopyranose derivatives provides a rough measure of the conformational population; when H-4 is axial [Cl(D) or 1C(L) conformation] J5e,5a is ∼10.9 Hz, and is ∼13.4 Hz when H-4 is equatorial [1C(D) or Cl(L) conformation].
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  • 31
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 725-732 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: H-NMR investigations using a high resolution 220 MHz spectrometer were performed on methyl, acetyl and benzoyl derivatives of mannan from ivory nuts and Tubera salep, and on the corresponding d-mannopyranose derivatives. With the exception of the C(1) configuration the structure of these polysaccharides may be determined by comparing the coupling constants and chemical shifts of the substituted polysaccharides with those of the corresponding monosaccharide derivatives. The particularly broad signals in the spectra of low as well as high molecular weight acetyl and benzoyl mannans and furthermore, the differences between the chemical shifts of protons in 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-d-mannopyranose and those of the benzoylated mannans, are discussed in terms of relatively small flexibility of the polymer chains or chain segments in solution. In addition studies to determine the type of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides from a comparison of the δH(1)-values of various polyglycan derivatives are reported.
    Notes: Die PR-Spektren einiger Methyl-, Acetyl- und Benzoylderivate von Mannan aus Steinnuß und Tubera salep sowie der d-Mannopyranose wurden analysiert. Durch einen Vergleich der Kopplungskonstanten und der Signallagen von entsprechend substituierten Polymeren und Monomeren wird, mit Ausnahme der Konfiguration an C(1), die Struktur dieser Polysaccharide bestimmt. Es wird auf charakteristische Unterschiede der Resonanzlagen von H(1) in Polysacchariden mit α-bzw. β-glycosidischen Bindungen hingewiesen. Dieser Befund eröffnet die Möglichkeit, auch in solchen Fällen eine Entscheidung über die Art der glycosidischen Bindung zu treffen, in denen, wie im Falle der Mannoside mit äquatorialständigem H(2), der Wert der Kopplungskonstante J12 keine Aussage erlaubt.Die auffallend große Breite der Signale in den Spektren der nieder- und hochmolekularen Acetyl- und Benzoylmannane wird auf eine geringe Beweglichkeit der Kette oder einzelner Kettensegmente bei Mannanderivaten in Lösung zurückgeführt.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 737-763 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 34
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 767-778 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Solvent effects on compounds of formula (X—CH2—CH2)2O with X = Cl, Br, I have been studied. The rotamer ratios have been determined for each solvent according to Lin's method and it is shown that the three compounds moved to gauche forms when increasing the medium dielectric constant.Additionally, it is shown that geminal couplings of the iodine derivative algebraically decrease on increasing the medium polarity. An attempt to correlate these variations with rotamer populations is made.
    Notes: L'effet de solvant sur les éthers disubstitués de formule (X—CH2—CH2)2O avec X = Cl, Br, I a été étudié. Les pourcentages des différentes formes stables ont été déterminés pour chaque solvant suivant la méthode de Lin et il est montré que ces trois halogénures évoluent vers les formes gauches quand la constante diélectrique de la solution augmente.De plus, il est montré que les couplages géminés dans le cas du dérivé iodé diminuent algébriquement quand la polarité du solvant augmente. Les auteurs pésentent une tentative de corrélation des variations des couplages géminés avec l'évolution conformationnelle.
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  • 35
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 811-823 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: C-13 and F-19 NMR spectra of seventeen para-substituted fluorobenzenes were measured and the chemical shifts as well as coupling constants with respect to substituents were analysed. The chemical shifts of the fluorine, the C1 and the C2 atoms were found to depend on the total electron densities. In the case of the C3 atom, the chemical shifts seem to depend on π-electron densities rather than the total electron densities. The present calculations also indicate that the chemical shift of the C4 atom depends mainly on σ-electron densities due to the inductive effects of substituents. The strongest factor influencing the coupling constant, nJ(C—F), is also considered to be the π-electron densities on the carbon atoms. In the case of the direct couplings, 1J(C—F), the π-bond orders are important.
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  • 36
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 831-836 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 14N and 35Cl NQR spectra have been investigated for 24 organophosphorus compounds using a pulse technique. The electron populations of the nitrogen lone pair orbital and the N—P bond are calculated according to the Townes and Dailey method. The experimental data are interpreted assuming a partial double bond character of the N—P bond due to the pπ—dπ interaction and pπ—σ conjugation of the lone pair electrons of the nitrogen atoms. The effect of the different nature of substituents X on the N—P bond populations is observed in X = PRn (R2N)3-n molecules (where X is O, S, Se, or lone pair electrons and n = 0, 1, 2). It can be seen from this dependence that the effective electronegativity of the phosphorus atom is largest in selenophosphoramidates and falls in the sequence P=Se 〉 P=S 〉 P=O 〉 P.
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    Notes: Praseodymium(III) tris(dipivalomethanato) [Pr(DPM)3] reduces the complex overlapping aromatic absorptions in the proton NMR spectrum of a monosubstituted naphthalene, cis-3-(1-naphthyl)-1,3,5,5-tetramethlcyclohexan-1-ol(1) to a virtually first-order pattern, whereas Eu(DPM)3 at the same and higher molar concentrations does not completely resolve the aromatic proton signals. Plots of the Pr(DPM)3-induced shifts measured in carbon tetrachloride solution versus molar equivalents of Pr(DPM)3 added may be extrapolated to provide accurate chemical shifts in the absence of added lanthanide shift reagent (LSR). The qualitative conformational conclusions from the Pr(DPM)3 shifts agree with those from the Eu(DPM)3-induced shifts, but there are detailed differences in the relative lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS) for different proton types in the molecule.
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  • 38
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 847-856 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Fluorine magnetic resonance shifts are reported for substituted 1- and 2-phenyl-fluoro-ethanols. They have been extrapolated at infinite dilution in solute and internal standard. The linear or other type correlations between these chemical shifts and substituent constants σ lead us to discuss the validity of linear free energy relationships extended to NMR data. The limits and possibilities of such relationships are emphasised.
    Notes: Les déplacements chimiques du fluor de différents phényls-1 et 2 fluoro éthanols ont été mesurés; les valeurs obtenues ont été extrapolées à dilution infinie en soluté et référence interne. Les corrélations linéaires ou non, obtenues entre ces déplacements chimiques et les constantes de substituant σ donnent lieu à une discussion générale relative à la validité des relations d'enthalpie libre étendues aux données de la RMN; les limites et les possibilités de telles relations sont précisées.
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  • 39
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 875-883 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectra of a spiro oxirane (1) derivative of codeinone, codeine (2), isocodeine (3), 6-methylcodeine (4) and 6-methylisocodeine (5) were compared. NOE and double-resonance experiments were used to confirm the conformation of 1, and the configuration about C-6 of 6-methylcodeine and 6-methylisocodeine. An interchange of the chemical shifts of the olefinic protons in 1 was noted, as compared with those in all of the other compounds. This interchange could be attributed to the bond anisotropies of the oxirane moiety.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 857-873 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The 13C-NMR-chemical shifts of 19 para- and 5 ortho-cyclohexadienones are determined by 13C-Fourier-transformation spectroscopy and assigned. The effect of substituents on the chemical shift of the ring carbon atoms is discussed. The mutual dependence of the shifts of the olefinic ring carbons and the allylic carbon atom in the para-quinolid ring system is shown by computing regression lines. A frequently observed correlation between 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR is examined in the case of cyclohexadienones.
    Notes: Die 13C-chemischen Verschiebungen von 19 para-und 5 ortho-Cyclohexadienonen werden durch 13C-Fourier-Transform-Spektroskopie ermittelt und zugeordnet. Der Substituenteneinfluß auf die chemische Verschiebung der Signale der Ringkohlenstoffatome wird diskutiert. Durch die Aufstellung von Regressionsgeraden wird gezeigt, daß die Resonanzlagen der olefinischen Ringatome und des allylischen C-Atoms im para-chinoliden Ring wechselseitig voneinander abhängen. Eine Korrelation zwischen 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Daten wird am Beispiel der Cyclohexadienone überprüft.
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  • 41
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By double and triple nuclear magnetic resonance experiments performed at 100 MHz the stereochemistry of the epoxides of Cyclopentadiene with α-methyl-β-acetyl acrylic acid lactone, were determined to have the exo position.
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  • 42
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 889-894 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rates of NH—COOH proton exchange between 5-amino-(1a) and 5-N-methylamino-(1b)3-[2-(5′-nitro-2′-furyl)vinyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) have been measured by NMR spectroscopy. The values of the first-order rate constant and thermodynamic parameters for 1a and 1b, respectively, are: kapp (sec-1) = 820 and 40 (50°C), ΔF323# (kcal/mole) = 14·7 and 16·5, ΔH# (kcal/mole) = 17·3 and 24·3 and ΔS# (e.u.) = 17 and 34. The comparison of rate constants indicates that after correction for proton equivalency proton exchange in 1a is faster than in 1b by a factor of ten. The presence of an NH2 proton resonance (1a) and an N-methyl doublet (J = 5·0 Hz) between 0 and 30° (1b) suggests that 1a and 1b are present as amines and not as imines in TFA.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 907-912 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The conformational equilibria of a variety of monosubstituted cyclooctanes is determined by low temperature 13CMR spectroscopy. 13C shifts allow conclusions to be made regarding the geometry of the conformers. For some conformational processes ΔG# is obtained by complete line shape analysis.
    Notes: Die Konformerengleichgewichte verschiedener monosubstituierter Cyclooctane werden durch 13CMR-Tieftemperatur-Spektroskopie bestimmt. Aus den 13C-Verschiebungen kann auf die Geometrie der Konformeren geschlossen werden. Durch Vergleich berechneter und experimenteller Spektren werden für die Konformerenumwandlungen einige ΔG#-Werte erhalten.
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  • 44
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra of acridine, phenazine, phenoxazine and phenothiazine have been measured at 220 MHz in various solvents and at several temperatures. Spectra for all four molecules were analyzed iteratively and good agreement was obtained between observed and calculated spectra.Significant differences are noted between the coupling constants and chemical shifts of acridine and phenazine on the one hand and phenoxazine and phenothiazine on the other. These differences are attributed to a nonplanar heterocyclic ring conformation for phenoxazine and phenothiazine in solution. Moreover, it is concluded from the temperature measurements that the heterocyclic rings of phenoxazine and phenothiazine are conformationally flexible in the range covered. Possible mechanisms are suggested for the chemical shift and coupling constant changes.
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  • 45
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of diethylmethylvinylammonium bromide, in which splittings due to 14N, 1H spin couplings are clearly observed as strongly perturbed second-order patterns, has been analysed and the difference in the substituent effect between a methyl and an ethyl group upon 1H, 1H and 14N, 1H spin couplings are summarised.
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  • 46
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 37-43 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of 4-phenyl-1, 3-oxathian, 6-methyl-1, 3-oxathian, and some of their 2-substituted derivatives is described. Significant features of their NMR spectra are discussed with particular reference to the influence of the heteroatoms on the coupling constants of adjacent protons.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 45-74 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: We have studied the temperature dependence of NMR spectra of six spirophosphoranes of the general formula: Experimental data show intramolecular isomerism which was explained by pseudo-rotation mechanism (Berry, Lit. 1).In all cases except one we also observed tautomerism between spirophosphorane and phosphite forms.
    Notes: Nous avons étudié la variation, en fonction de la température, des spectres de RMN de six spirophosphoranes des types: Les résultats expérimentaux indiquent l'existence d'une isomérie intramoléculaire que nous avons interprétée en adoptant le mécanisme de pseudo-rotation proposé par Berry.1Dans tous les cas, sauf un, le déplacement de l'équilibre tautomère spirophosphorane ⇌ phosphite s'ajoute an phénomène d'isomérie observé.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 83-99 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The AA′BB′ and AA′BB′MX nuclear magnetic resonance spin systems for I = ½ nuclei have been analysed. Expressions for the transition frequencies and intensities have been obtained which have the maximum accuracy consistent with practicable use. The analyses have been applied respectively to a hypothetical AA′BB′ nuclear spin system and to the two molecules para- fluoro-phenyldichlorophosphine and tris-para-fluorophenylphosphine. Inconsistencies in earlier treatments of the AA′BB′ system have been clarified.
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  • 49
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Double and triple nuclear magnetic resonance experiments performed at 100 MHz demonstrate the existence of long range 1H - 1H couplings through epoxides. In a series of epoxycontaining sesquiterpenoids, interactions between protons separated by up to six sigma bonds were detected. These interactions may have origins similar to the well-known allylic and homoallylic couplings found in carbon-carbon double bonded compounds, although they are much smaller in the epoxy systems. We propose to name them as ‘epoallylic’ and ‘epohomoallylic’ interactions. Some couplings are observed directly, whereas in other cases only an improvement in resolution is seen during multiple irradiation experiments. Even in these latter cases the areas of the observed peak do not change upon multiple irradiation which demonstrates the absence of nuclear Overhauser effects. The stereochemistry of some asymmetric centers of the compounds studied is deduced from the spectra.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 217-220 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The benzene-induced solvent effects upon the proton chemical shifts of various pyrazines, pyrimidines and their N-oxides are described. Larger chemical shift effects, implying closer benzeneheterocycle association, are noted in the N-oxides as compared to the non-oxidized heterocycles.The solvent-induced chemical shift changes can be used to establish the site of N-oxidation in those instances where different isomers can be formed.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 243-248 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectrum of benzaldehyde oriented in the nematic phase of a mixture of p-(p-ethoxyphenylazo)phenylheptanoate and p-(p-ethoxyphenylazo)phenylundecylenate is analysed. It is demonstrated that the data are inconsistent with models in which the aldehyde group freely rotates or has minimum energy when it is perpendicular to the ring plane. The barrier height to rotation, however, cannot be obtained, nor is it possible to discriminate between the two possible solutions in which the averaging planar forms do or do not reorient in the liquid crystal between successive internal rotations.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 364-364 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. i 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 365-368 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of six hydrazyl radicals in solution, including α,α′-diphenyl-β-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), has been carried out. From the values of the paramagnetic shifts the constants (αH) of hyperfine coupling with the protons were found. For DPPH these have the following values: On the basis of the analysis of the hyperfine constants a conclusion is drawn concerning the substantial role of σ-electron spin density delocalization in aromatic rings. The geometric structure of radicals investigated is also discussed in the paper.
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  • 55
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The empirical correlation method δ = is discussed in general terms for a large number of halogenated compounds and new diamagnetic anisotropy corrections are determined. The significance of these corrections is critically examined. Careful analysis of the data permitted the establishment of the limitation of this method.
    Notes: La corrélation empirique δ = est étendue à un grand nombre de composés halogénés et de nouvelles corrections d'anisotropie diamagnétique sont déterminées. La signification de ces corrections est discutée et une analyse soignée des données permet de fixer les limites de la méthode.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 413-419 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectra of isomeric p-tolyl-thienyl carbonium ions and the corresponding carbinols were studied in order to compare the relative abilities of 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl and p-tolyl groups to stabilize a carbonium ion. The low field shifts in the ions relative to the neutral molecules are discussed in terms of positive charge delocalisation, as seen by a comparison with calculated π charge densities. Additionally, vicinal coupling constants fit a correlation with π bond order, but this applies only to the thienyl groups in the ionic species.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-{1H} INDOR studies on the PMR spectra of the acids derived from the pungent principles of piper nigrum nl. piperinic acid (1), isopiperinic acid (2), chavicinic acid (3) and isochavicinic acid (4) were undertaken. The spectral parameters as well as most of the relative signs of the coupling constants were obtained (Tables 1 to 3). The data are consistent with s-trans conformations around C3—C4 for all isomers.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 433-439 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectra of 1,4-dioxin and 1,4-dithiin have been studied in nematic phase liquid crystalline solvents. The ratio of the interproton distances r12 and r13 and the CCH angles have been determined.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 441-442 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. i 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 449-451 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complexes with cystein and guanine have been investigated. EPR spin signals of these charge transfer complexes were recorded and the electron spin lattice relaxation time (T1) temperature dependence was investigated. The electron scattering time, calculated from T1, agreed reasonably well with that from the current carrier effective mass (as determined through the Hall mobility measurements).
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 463-467 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Examination of PMR spectra of the four 3-dimethylamino-trans-2-decalols and the corresponding quaternary ammonium iodides allows the suggestion to be made that the ordinary double chair conformation usually admitted for trans-decalin is disurbed in the above compounds, especially when the amino and hydroxy groups are (a, e); truer conformations would, in fact, be better represented as ‘flattened chair’ in the case of the dimethylamino compound and ‘twist chair’ in the case of the quaternary ammonium salt.
    Notes: L'examen des spectres de RMN des quatre diméthylamino-3-décalols-2-trans et des iodures d'ammonium quaternaires correspondants permet d'envisager pour ces composés une déformation de l'un des cycles de la décaline trans habituellement double chaise.Cette déformation est apparente specialement dans le cas de l'isomère cis à groupements hydroxyle equatorial et diméthylamino axcial, pour lequel on propose une conformation ‘chaise aplatie'. Le passage à l'ammonium quaternaire accentue entre deformation jusqu’à la conformation chaise-bateau ou préférentiellement chaise croisée.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 473-480 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the basis of coupling constants and chemical shifts the conformation of meso and racemic 2,3,4-trichloropentanes have been determined. The meso isomer exists as an equilibrium between the expected rotameric forms but the racemic isomer is anomalous and exists almost entirely as a distorted form of a rotamer which has parallel 1:3 interactions. The significance of these conformations is discussed in relation to the likely conformation and stability of the corresponding stereoregular polymers, which may be derived from cis- and trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 489-507 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectra of twelve pinene derivatives are reported, analysed and assigned.The proton couplings in the bridged cyclobutane group are compared with those of other strained cyclobutanes, and the relationship between 2JHH and the C.CH2.C angle is shown to be anomalous in these systems, suggesting unusually small H. C. H. angles in cyclobutanes.The very large values of 4JHH (eq-eq) in buckled cyclobutanes are interpreted in terms of current M. O. theory and also given a simple geometric rationalisation based on the direct mechanism.The various couplings in the pinene skeleton are discussed in terms of present theories and minor conformational effects in these molecules. Substituent chemical shift (SCS) values for Me and OH groups around the pinene skeleton are obtained, and shown not to agree with calculations based on present theories of chemical shifts.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 523-528 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Using a 250 MHz NMR spectrometer and double resonance experiments the full identification of the 14 cyclic protons of α octaacetate cellobiose has been performed.The results obtained here are of particular interest as affording an answer to the problem of the existence of particular signals in the NMR spectra of cellulose triacetate. These signals are both due to the anomeric extremity of the polymer.
    Notes: Nous avons interprété totalement le spectre de RMN de l'α octaacétate de cellobiose en effectuant le spectre à 250 MHz et en utilisant la technique de double irradiation. Les 14 protons des deux cycles ont été attribués.L'octaacétate de cellobiose étant le premier modèle du triacétate de cellulose, cette interprétation nous a permis d'attribuer à L'extrémité anomère du triacétate tous les protons se trouvant à champ faible dans son spectre RMN.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 547-550 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stereochemical distribution of the addition products of DCl to acetylene was studied by proton magnetic resonance. The NMR parameters of cis and trans isomers of vinylchloride-βd1 are reported.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 557-563 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relationships between the magnitude of induced 1H NMR shifts and the equilibrium conditions in solutions containing lanthanide shift reagents are discussed and applied to the shifts induced in several organic molecules by Eu(DPM)3. Evidence that monoadduct formation is the predominant equilibrium in these solutions, and values of absolute shifts and equilibrium constants are reported. The results indicate that a contact mechanism makes the major contribution to the observed shifts in 4-methylpyridine. In the case of 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine the observed shifts are largely pseudocontact in origin.
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    Notes: Radical anions of 1-phenyl-3-chloronortricyclene and 1-phenylnortricyclene were produced by reduction with potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane under a high vacuum. The initially formed radical anion of 1-phenyl-3-chloronortricyclene was very unstable, and decomposed finally to the anions of naphthalene and biphenyl. The only product of the reduction of 1-phenylnortricyclene was the biphenyl anion. The EPR spectra of the reaction mixtures were measured at temperatures from  - 80°C to room temperature.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 585-589 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton and carbon-13 spectra of benzyl compounds of the general formula (C6H5CH2)nX with a large variety of X substituents have been measured. While a linear relationship between the CH2 chemical shift and the substituent electronegativity was found both for 1H and 13C, large deviations from linearity were observed for transition metals such as titanium and zirconium. These later results are correlated with the X-ray studies of the latter compounds.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 595-597 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972) 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 625-631 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CMR spectra of the following bicyclo[2,2,2]octane compounds were measured: 1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-3-one (3), 2-azabicyclo[2,2,2]octan-3-one (5), bicyclo[2,2,2]octaone (4), 3-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]oct-2-ene (6) and of the Z and E isomers of 3-ethylidene-1-azabicyclo-[2,2,2]octane (1 and 2). The attribution of the signals and confirmation of the Z and E configuration of isomers (1) and (2) is described.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 633-649 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eu(fod)3 shift reagent was used to simplify PMR spectra from isomeric mono-, di and trimethoxybenzaldehydes. Deshielding gradients, obtained by plotting induced shift vs. molar ratio of [Eu(fod)3]/[substrate] made it possible to assign methoxyl proton signals to the correct positional substituent in polymethoxylated benzaldehydes. Anomalous upfield shifts for the aldehydic protons of 2,6-dimethoxy- and 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde were observed with Eu(fod)3 Various instances of long-range (5J) proton coupling between the aldehydic proton and a meta-proton provide insight to the geometry of the substrate in the complexed state with Eu(fod)3. Di- and trimethoxybenzaldehydes are important precursors for the synthesis of the correspondingly methoxylated amphetamines which are of pharmacological and forensic interest because of abuse and illicit manufacture.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 695-701 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low-temperature 19F NMR spectra of (pentafluorophenyl)sulfur trifluoride are explained by the trigonal bipyramid structure (1a) with the pentafluorophenyl ring in the basal plane and a relatively high barrier to rotation about the C—S bond. In the presence of a hydrogen fluoride scavenger, there is a high barrier to intramolecular rearrangement of the sulfur fluorines about the sulfur atom. The single basal fluorine couples strongly with one ortho fluorine and weakly with the other, but the two apical fluorines couple equally with both ortho fluorines. A six-bond coupling between S—F and p—F is found in (pentafluorophenyl)sulfur trifluoride and in (pentafluorophenyl)-sulfinyl fluoride, but not in (pentafluorophenyl)sulfonyl fluoride.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 667-681 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The deprotonation rate 1/τ of the title compounds, [4 - R - Py H]+, where R = NH2, t-Bu, Me, Cl, Br or CN, is measured using the coalescence of the pyridinic α-protons, in a mixture CF3COOH/H2O/HClO4 of variable acidity Ho, at 38°C. 1/τ is a linear function k/ho of the acidity 1/ho. k is approximately proportional to the water content and independent of the salt concentration, which seems to be evidence for an exchange with an intermediate pyridine hydrate, according to: .After a preliminary ionisation step: k values, like KA, fit a Hammett relationship (ρ = 5,05), except for R = NH2, and are very sensitive to the nature of R (k = 3,44 × 102 for R = NH2 and k = 3,14 × 108 M-1 s-1 for R = CN), while kH values (1010 s-1) are not.
    Notes: La vitiesse de déprotonation 1/τ de sels de pyridinium [4 - R -PyH]+, où R = NH2, t-Bu, Me, Cl, Br or CN, est mesurée par la coalescence du spectre RMN des protons α-pyridiniques dans un mélange CF3COOH/H2O/HCLO4, d'acidité variable Ho, à 38°C. 1/τ est une fonction linéaire kho de l'acidité 1/ho. La constante k est approximativement proportionnelle à la teneur en eau, et indépendante de la concentration en sel, ce qui semble prouver un échange sur un hydrate de pyridine intermédiaire, selon: .Après une étape d'ionisation très rapide: La constante k vérifie, comme KA, une corrélation de Hammett (ρ = 5,05), à l'exception de la 4-aminopyridine. Elle varie done grandement avec la nature de R (de 3,44 × 102 à 3,14 × 102 M-1 s-1 pour R = NH2 et CN), trandis que kH (de l'ordre de 1010 s-1) y est peu sensible.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 721-723 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NMR spectrum of benzotrifluoride dissolved in the nematic phase of n-(p-ethoxybenzylidene)-p'-n-butylaniline has been analysed, and the structure of the proton and fluorine skeleton has been determined. The height of the hindering potential to trifluoromethyl rotation cannot be measured. Due to the low accuracy of the determined F—F distance, no precise information about the anisotropy of the indirect coupling can be given.
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    Description / Table of Contents: After elimination of the P—H spin coupling, the PMR spectra of the title 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinanes give rise to an ABXY pattern where JAX = JAY = JBX = 0. The particular ABXY system where JAY = JBX = 0 is studied to calculate the expression of the E7, E8, E9 and E10 energy-levels and the frequency of the transitions connected to these energy-levels. The relative sign of the 3JP—O—C—H and 3JP—N—C—H coupling constants is given by INDOR experiments. The ring conformation is discussed.
    Notes: Les deux oxazaphosphorinanes-1,3,2 étudiés ici donnent des spectres de RMP qui, après élimination des couplages entre les protons et le phosphore, peuvent e'tre analysés comme des ABXY dans lesquels certaines constantes de couplage sont nulles. Le cas particulier de système ABXY où JAY = JBX = 0 est étudié et on donne l'expression des niveaux d'énergie E7, E8, E9 et E10 et de la fréquence des transitions qui leur sont liées. Des expériences d'INDOR permettent de déterminer le signe relatif des constantes de couplage 3JP-O—C—H et 3JP—N—C—H. Les résultats expérimentaux permettent de montrer que ces deux oxazaphosphorinanes-1,3,2 se présentent dans une conformation chaise et que, si équilibre il y a, cet équilibre est très nettement en faveur d'un conformère privilégié.
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 765-765 
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. i 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemical ionization mass spectra of a series of simple peptides containing six or fewer amino acids have been studied. Using methane as the reactant gas we found cleavage of the peptide bond occurs in two ways, yielding either the acyl carbonium ion or the complementary ammonium ion. The observation of both types of fragments permits the determination of the amino acid sequence of the peptide. The ammonium ions provide an additional sequence determining route compared to that available from electron-impact spectra. ‘Sequence-determing ions,’ especially the quasimolecular ion at m/e [M+1] are usually more intense than in the electron-impact mass spectra.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 61-71 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectral fragmentation behaviour of N-acyliminopyridinium and isoquinolinium betaines has been investigated. Major fragmentations of the pyridinium betaines can be rationalized in terms of charge localization on the pyridinium nitrogen. The most prominent process is α-cleavage followed by loss of NCO to furnish a pyridine ion. The electron-impact induced fragmentation of N-benzoyliminopyridinium betaine (I) was compared with that of thermolysis. The completely analogous behaviour has been observed in the corresponding isoquinolinium betaines.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 95-97 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 99-101 
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    Notes: The electron-impact induced fragmentation of twenty 3-alkyl-1-phenyl-Δ2-1,2,4-triazolin-5-ones, three 1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-diones and ten 2-alkyl-4-phenyloxadiazolin-5-ones has been studied by conventional mass spectrometry. The major cleavages take place in the 1-phenyl-Δ2-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one nucleus, producing three major fragment ions. 4-Phenyloxadiazolin-5-ones exhibit a similar fragmentation pattern to 1-phenyl-Δ2-1,2,4-triazolin-5-ones. Furthermore, several additional fragmentation processes are observed in the case of specific 1,2,4-triasolines.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 187-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some of the fragmentation modes operating in a few furanosesquiterpenes have been established from accurate mass measurements and metastable data.
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    Notes: The principal mode of fragmentation, at both 70 and 15 eV, of pyrilium iodides (I to V) which are substituted by at least one methyl group is the elimination of hydrogen iodide from the non-detectable molecular ion. In contrast the mass spectrum (Fig. 6) of 2,4,6-triphenyl pyrilium iodide (VI) shows its dominant fragmentation to be due to the loss of an iodine atom from the molecular ion. The mass spectra (for example Figs. 6 and 7) of 2,4,6-triphenyl pyrilium iodide, bromide and tetrafluoroborate (VI, VII and VIII) are virtually identical except for the peaks corresponding to a molecule of iodine (m/e 254), hydrogen iodide (m/e 128) and iodine (m/e 127) in the mass spectrum (Fig. 6) of the iodide. Other fragmentation routes common to these pyrilium salts are described.
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971) 
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 135-146 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular ions of phenyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, t-butylbenzene, phthalic anhydride, p-dimethoxybenzene, o-dimethoxybenzene and acetophenone each undergo two consecutive reactions ([M]+.→[A]+→[B]+). These unimolecular reactions are treated within the framework of the quasi-equilibrium theory (QET); a simple modification of the original equation relating the rate constant (k) with the internal energy (E) was used to calculate mass spectra of the above compounds from 12 to 20 eV. Good agreement between calculated and observed spectra is obtained.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The presence of a hydroxyl group in steroidal amines, amides and imines, may profoundly influence their fragmentation in the mass spectrometer. This fragmentation is initiated by the rearrangement of the hydroxylic hydrogen on the nitrogen containing groups and products ions characteristic of the OH site in the molecule. Sometimes this may occur even when the two groups are situated at remote positions.
    Notes: La prtsénce d'un groupement hydroxyle dans les molécules de certaines amines, amides et imines stéroídiques joue un grand rôe dans la fragmentation de celles-ci en spectrométrie de masse. Cette fragmentation est initiée par le transfert, parfois à longue distance, de l'hydrogéne hydroxylique sur les groupements azotés et donne naissance à des ions caractéristiques de la place de l'hydroxyle.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectral studies on costunolide and lactones derived therefrom, have revealed some general fragmentation modes involving the losses of 44, 55, 57, 59, 71, 73 and 83 mass units from the molecular ion. The probable genesis of these ions is established by high resolution, metastable transitions and deuterium labelling studies. Comparison has been made with the mass spectra of some C6- desoxy esters.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low resolution 70 eV mass spectra of the TMS (Trimethylsilyl) derivatives of eight naturally occurring hydroxy- and/or methoxycinnamic acids are presented in detail. The TMS derivatives studied are I, of o-coumaric acid; II, of m-coumaric acid; III, of p-coumaric acid; IV, of isoferulic acid; V, of ferulic acid; VI, of 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid; VII, of sinapic acid; VIII, of caffeic acid; Ia to Va, VIIa, of the corresponding methyl esters; and VIa, methyl 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate.The derivatives studied show a high degree of stability under conditions of electron-impact. The major fragmentation processes for the free acid TMS derivatives begin with methyl radical loss from either the ester or ring TMS group. The spectra of the methyl ester TMS derivatives have enabled the site of initial methyl loss to be determined. Accurate mass measurements and analysis of the second field-free region metastable peaks provide support for suggested fragmentation schemes. The spectra are sufficiently different to permit identification except between compounds IV and V (and IVa and Va) where the major fragmentation process involves a common ion, thought to be the silicon analogue of an acetonide.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study on the behavior of a large number of monomeric and dimeric coumarins in the mass spectrometer is reported and discussed. The results illustrate that the observed characteristic fragmentation patterns are of considerable utility in the application of mass spectrometry to structure elucidation in this series.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 289-295 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 1,2-dichloro-3,4-bis(dichloromethylene)cyclobutene (IV) and of hexachloropentafulvene (II) have been studied. Compound IV cannot be an intermediate in the formation of II from octachloro-1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane (III) under electron-impact, as previously suggested. In the mass spectra of II and IV the species [C6]+ and [C5]+ occur, obviously through cleavage of the semicyclic C-C bond.The mass spectrum of pentachlorofulvalene (VI) shows strikingly that successive elimination of an even number of CI atoms is preferred over that of an odd number of CI atoms; probably corresponding C-CI bonds in the two rings are broken simultaneously. Amongst the fragments, the species [C10]+ and [C7]+ and possibly also [C8]+ and [C9]+ have been observed.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 651-662 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the low and high-resolution mass spectra of caprolactam (I), 1-methylcaprolactam (II), 3-methylcaprolactam (III), 4-methylcaprolactam (IV), 5-methylcaprolactam (V), 6-methylcaprolactam (VI), 7-methylcaprolactam (VII) and deuterium labelled compounds has facilitated the proposal of some principal fragmentation mechanisms of ionized molecules of these compounds.The base peaks in the spectra of all compounds studied (except 3-methylcaprolactam) are the ions m/e 30 and m/e 44 respectively formed through the cleavage of the C6-C7 bond and the C2-N bond with simultaneous transfer of a hydrogen atom.It has been proved that the fragmentation of molecular ions leading to ions with the structure of cyclopentanone 2-methylcyclopentanone and 3-methylcyclopentanone respectively (according to the position of methyl group) is the general feature of the fragmentation of caprolactam and its methyl derivatives.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 713-724 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A series of 24 fluorinated steroidal ketones was studied by mass spectrometry. The different locations of the keto group or fluorine atom, permitted of fragmentation patterns to be derived.
    Notes: Une série de 24 cétones stéroïdes fluorées a été étudiée enspectrométrie de masse. Les différentes positions de la fonction cétone et de l'atome de fluor ont permis de mettre en évidence des fragmentations intéressantes.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the mass spectra of site-specifically deuterated analogues of isonicotinic acid it appears that the molecular ion eliminates hydroxyl and water after an exchange between the hydroxylic and β-hydrogens. The percentage of exchange in these reactions depends on the internal energy of the molecular ion and is shown to be 53 to 57% in the ion source, 92 to 97% in the first and ∽ 100% in the second field free regions.Furthermore, the isotope effect i, operative in the loss of water, increases with decreasing internal energy of the molecular ion, being 1.6, 2.0 and 2.3 in the ion source, first- and second field free regions, respectively.In the molecular ions, losing successively hydroxyl and carbon monoxide as deduced from diffuse peaks in the first-and second field free regions, a substantially lower percentage of exchange (ca. 20%) is found, which is due to the higher internal energy of these molecular ions.In the molecular ion of nicotinic acid only one of the ortho hydrogens (α) is involved in the exchange of hydrogen. The percentage of exchange for loss of hydroxyl in the ion source is 66%. Molecular ions, which successively eliminate hydroxyl and carbon monoxide, show a 45% exchange of hydrogen as calculated from diffuse peaks in the first- and second field free regions.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The methylene groups in 2-(1-azulyl)ethyl tosylate are largely scrambled prior to formation of fragment ions in the mass spectrometer. This process also occurs in the 3-nitro analog, where it is dependent on sample residence time in the source and independent of electron energy. It could not be observed with the isomeric 6-substituted tosylates, the 1-substituted acetates or alcohols, or with 2-(p-anisyl)ethyl tosylate. Scrambling occurs in the neutral molecule prior to ionization and a mechanism involving absorption onto the metal surface and formation of a complexed ethylenazulonium ion is suggested.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The molecular ions generated by electron-impact from olefins of the general structure I, II and III fragment mainly via the McLafferty rearrangement. Even under mild ionization conditions, however, they undergo isomerization before fragmentation takes place.The origin and mode of formation of an ion generated simultaneously by decay of the molecular ion and the McLafferty ion were investigated by means of 13C- and D-labelling.The influence of branching at the γ-, ω-, or ∊-positions of the double bond in type I-olefins was studied.
    Notes: Bei Olefinen der allgemeinen Struktur I, II und III erleidet das unter Elektronenbeschuss erzeugte Molekülion neben der als Hauptreaktion ablaufenden McLafferty-Umlagerung auch bei milden Anregungsbedingungen eine vor der Fragmentierung eintretende Isomerisierung.Es wurde versucht, Herkunft und Entstehungsweg eines sowohl beim Abbau des Molekülions als auch des McLafferty-Ions gebildeten gemeinsamen Bruchstückes mit Hilfe von 13C- und D-Markierung zu klären.Der Einfluss einer Verzweigungstelle in γ-, ω- oder ∊-Position zur Doppelbindung bei Olefinen vom Typ I auf deren Verhalten im Massenspektrometer wurde untersucht.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 845-850 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ionization potentials and fine structure in ionization efficiency curves have been determined for nine cyano-1 diphenyl-1,2 cyclopropanes. It is shown that derivatives which include dimethylamino group have the lowest ionization potential, the first break of the fine structure and Hammett constants. For compounds containing the nitro substituent we have a constant value of the first break after the ionization potential, which shows the primary role of the nitro group in the excited state of the molecular ions.
    Notes: Rües potentiels d'ionisation, les courbes d'efficacité d'ionisation différentielle ont été déterminées par la méthode EDDEDD: Energy Difference Distribution (voir R. E. Winters).6 pour 9 cyano-1 diphényl-l,2 cyclopropanes. II est montrk que les composés comprenant le groupement diméthylamino possedent les potentiels d'ionisation les plus bas. Pour ces cornposés, on peut établir une corrélation qualitative entre le potentiel d'ionisation, la première cassure dans la courbe d'efficacité d'ionisation différentielle et la constante de Hammett. Pour les composés comprenant le groupement nitro, la valeur constante de la première cassure au dessus du potentiel d'ionisation nous permet de penser que ce substituant a un rǒe primordial dans l'état excité des ions moléculaires.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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